CN105142726A - 具有蛋白类底包衣的肠溶包衣多颗粒组合物 - Google Patents
具有蛋白类底包衣的肠溶包衣多颗粒组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105142726A CN105142726A CN201380075897.8A CN201380075897A CN105142726A CN 105142726 A CN105142726 A CN 105142726A CN 201380075897 A CN201380075897 A CN 201380075897A CN 105142726 A CN105142726 A CN 105142726A
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Abstract
多颗粒组合物包含多个单独的肠溶包衣芯,肠溶包衣芯含有一种或多种萜烯基活性成分并具有覆盖所述单独的芯且将单独的芯与它们各自的肠溶包衣分离的连续蛋白类底包衣层。连续蛋白类底包衣层防止挥发性萜烯基活性成分离开芯,即使当在加工期间或室温以上长时间保存时加热所述芯。所述多颗粒组合物可用于治疗胃肠道疾病。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2013年4月23日提交的美国临时申请第61/815073号和2013年9月20日提交的美国临时申请第61/880294的优先权。这些优先权申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及肠溶包衣多颗粒组合物,并且更具体地,涉及用于肠溶包衣多颗粒组合物的底包衣。
背景技术
萜烯是常常由植物天然产生的一大类有机化合物并提供来自植物的精油的芬芳香气。广泛已知许多萜烯和它们相关的精油具有药学活性。正因为如此,人们已经开发出施用萜烯来治疗许多不同的疾病的各种方法。
通过举例的方式,薄荷油被广泛用于解决胃肠疾病,诸如肠道易激综合症,因为它抑制胃肠道中的平滑肌收缩。然而不幸的是,如果薄荷油是在胃中释放,它会被迅速地吸收并且会扰乱胃。为了克服这个问题,其他人开发了口服缓释薄荷油制剂,其允许薄荷油在释放前被传递到肠道。
用于将薄荷油递送到肠道的常用方法是使空心胶囊加载薄荷油并用肠溶包衣来对胶囊进行包衣。肠溶包衣防止胶囊溶解在胃中和过早释放薄荷油。
这些单个单元的肠溶包衣胶囊具有若干缺点,包括极易变的胃排空时间(从60至570分钟)、剂量倾卸以及由于胃中食物的存在导致它们不能从收缩的幽门退出。这些问题可以通过开发含有萜烯基活性成分的多颗粒组合物来解决。在美国专利公开2012/0207842和对应的WIPO公开WO2012/109216中,我们描述了含有高纯度L-薄荷醇的多颗粒制剂。在那些制剂中的一些颗粒包括含有L-薄荷醇的芯、芯上方的底包衣和底包衣的芯上方的肠溶包衣。优选的底包衣是羟丙基甲基纤维素或“HPMC”。该申请中所描述的多颗粒制剂提供了我们期望并在一些应用中行之有效的释放曲线,但并未对所有应用都优化。美国专利公开2012/0207842和WIPO公开WO2012/109216的全部内容都通过引用并入本文。
我们发现难以制备含有萜烯基活性成分的多颗粒制剂,因为萜烯非常不稳定。如果对含有萜烯基活性成分的多颗粒芯加热或长期保存,远高于室温时,萜烯会渗透、蒸发或升华和离开芯。这使得加工处理芯很困难,尤其是当在升高的温度下固化芯上的肠溶包衣时。对于我们的L-薄荷醇制剂,我们借助于低温处理技术。
发明内容
通过广泛的研究,我们发现在芯和肠溶包衣之间使用蛋白类底包衣防止芯中的萜烯基活性成分在升高的温度长时间渗透、蒸发或升华。因此,我们已发明了在升高的加工温度下稳定的含有萜烯基活性成分的新多颗粒组合物。
体现本发明原理的多颗粒组合物包含多个单独的肠溶包衣芯,其含有一种或多种萜烯基活性成分并具有覆盖单独的芯并将单独的芯与它们对应的肠溶包衣分离的连续蛋白类底包衣层。
一些优选的萜烯基活性成分包括含萜烯的精油,诸如薄荷油和蒿子油和/或L-薄荷醇。这些成分可以单独使用或彼此组合使用。例如,该组合物可以包括:(i)薄荷油和蒿子油的混合物,或(ii)来自溶解在蒿子油中至少80%纯的L-薄荷醇源的L-薄荷醇。
优选地,但不是必须地,所述肠溶包衣芯是球形并且其直径不大于3毫米。
在多颗粒组合物的一个特别优选的实例中,所述芯包含:约10%w/w至约35%w/w的一种或多种萜烯基活性成分,约40%w/w至约75%的w/w的微晶纤维素,和约2%w/w至约10%w/w的甲基纤维素;所述底包衣包含约3.5%w/w至约40%w/w的肠溶包衣芯;且所述肠溶包衣包含约2%至约35%w/w的肠溶包衣芯。
蛋白类底包衣可以包括连续明胶、酪蛋白、附着在芯的乳清蛋白或分离的植物蛋白膜和/或可以是干燥的蛋白质凝胶。覆盖芯的连续蛋白类底包衣层适于防止一种或多种萜烯基活性成分与肠溶包衣混合。
该肠溶包衣可具有比一种或多种萜烯基活性成分的标准沸点或升华点高的玻璃化转变温度。
本发明的另一个方面是制备肠溶包衣多颗粒组合物的方法。在一般情况下,该方法包括用液体蛋白类材料对含有一种或多种药学上活性的萜烯基活性成分的芯进行包衣,干燥芯上的该液体蛋白类材料,以形成底包衣芯,并将肠溶包衣施加至整个底包衣芯。
蛋白类底包衣材料可以是明胶,并且液体蛋白类材料可以是含有至少约35%明胶的溶液。
对芯进行包衣的优选技术是将液体蛋白类材料喷涂在芯上。
该芯可以通过如下方法制备,即将一种或多种药学上活性的含萜烯物质与水和药学上可接受的赋形剂混合以形成湿团块,挤出所述湿团块,滚圆挤出的湿团块,并干燥所得到的滚圆块。
在该方法中,一种或多种药学上活性的萜烯基活性成分包括含萜烯的精油和/或L-薄荷醇。特别优选的萜烯基活性成分选自薄荷油、蒿子油、L-薄荷醇或它们的组合。在一个实例中,一种或多种萜烯基活性成分包括薄荷油和/或L-薄荷醇。在另一实例中,一种或多种萜烯基活性成分包括薄荷油和蒿子油的混合物。在又一实例中,一种或多种萜烯基活性成分包括L-薄荷醇和蒿子油,所述L-薄荷醇来自至少80%纯的L-薄荷醇源。
在底包衣芯上方施加肠溶包衣可包括将肠溶包衣芯加热到肠溶包衣的至少玻璃化转变温度,而不从芯释放一种或多种萜烯基活性成分。
该方法是优选的,但不是必须用来制备球形且直径不大于3毫米的肠溶包衣芯。
本发明的另一个方面是治疗个体中胃肠疾病的方法。该方法包括向个体施用具有多个单独的肠溶包衣芯的多颗粒组合物,肠溶包衣芯含有一种或多种萜烯基活性成分和覆盖芯并将芯与肠溶包衣分离的连续蛋白类底包衣层。在此方法中使用的多颗粒组合物可以包括本发明中所描述的任何特征和成分。
施用组合物的优选技术包括肠内施用。如果需要,多颗粒组合物可在施用之前与酸性媒介共混。
本发明的这些和其他方面、实施例以及优点将通过浏览附图和优选实施例的具体描述更好地理解。
附图说明
图1是显示根据本发明的实施例对在40℃和75%相对湿度下存储四周的多颗粒组合物的加速稳定性试验的结果的图;和
图2是显示根据本发明的实施例对存储在40℃和75%相对湿度后的多颗粒组合物的两阶段溶出试验的结果的曲线图。
具体实施方式
在优选实施例的概述和详细描述中,参考了本发明的特定特征(包括方法步骤)。但应理解,本发明的说明书中的内容包括这些特定特征的所有可能的组合,即使这些组合没有明确公开在一起。例如,当一个特定特征在本发明的一个特定的方面或实施例的上下文中公开时,该特征在可能的范围内也可以与本发明的其他特定方面和实施例的上下文结合使用和/或用于其中,并且一般在本发明中。
本文中所用的术语“包括”表示任选地存在其他成分、步骤等。当本文中提及包括两个或多个限定的步骤的方法时,这些步骤可以以任何顺序或同时进行(除非上下文排除这种可能性),并且该方法可以包括在任何限定的步骤之前、两个限定的步骤之间或所有限定的步骤之后进行的一种或多种步骤(除了上下文排除这种可能性)。
在本节中,参照其优选实施例将更全面地描述本发明。然而,本发明可以体现为许多不同形式,而不应被解释为限于在此阐述的实施例。相反,提供这些实施例使得本公开将本发明的优选实施例传达给本领域技术人员。
首先描述本发明的多颗粒组合物方面。所述多颗粒组合物适于携带生物活性成分至肠道(十二指肠、小肠或结肠),并且包括优选形状为球形且尺寸被调整为适合穿过松弛状态时的幽门括约肌的多个颗粒。每个颗粒的直径优选在约0.1毫米至约3毫米,或约1毫米至约2.5毫米,或小于约1.4毫米的范围。
所述颗粒优选由包覆有几种包衣层的球形芯形成,包衣层包括底包衣和肠溶包衣。底包衣包括芯并将芯与肠溶包衣物理分离。肠溶包衣定位在底包衣附近,以这种方式所述底包衣位于芯和肠溶性包衣之间。颗粒还可以包括一个或多个另外的包衣,诸如密封剂涂层、饰面层或肠溶包衣上的着色涂层。
所述芯包含主要活性成分,其是萜烯基物质,诸如萜烯、萜类化合物和/或一种或多种精油。所述芯也可包含次要活性成分,诸如一种或多种其他萜烯、萜类化合物和/或精油。萜烯基物质可以用作次要活性成分,除其他之外包括但不限于:蒿子油、橙油、姜油、姜黄油、姜黄素油和茴香油等。
优选的萜烯基活性成分之一是L-薄荷醇,L-薄荷醇是来自诸如液体、固体或结晶的L-薄荷醇的至少约80%纯的L-薄荷醇的L-薄荷醇源。L-薄荷醇在室温下通常为结晶材料,标准压力下具有约42℃-45℃的熔点,并且在略高于室温的温度下可以经历升华。80%纯的L-薄荷醇可以溶解在如蒿子油的精油中以形成液体混合物,之后与可接受的赋形剂和水混合以制备湿团块,同时形成芯。
术语“固体L-薄荷醇”是指固体形式的L-薄荷醇,优选为结晶形式。在结晶形式中,L-薄荷醇基本上不含不希望的杂质。尽管它可能并不总是必要的,但优选L-薄荷醇的起始材料显示为视觉上可感知的L-薄荷醇晶体,其之后被磨成多晶粉末。微粉化L-薄荷醇通常是有利的,因为这样做会产生更多的L-薄荷醇表面积,从而提高了L-薄荷醇的水溶性。然而,优选的是,微粉化L-薄荷醇而不提高L-薄荷醇的温度以至于温度不足以降解L-薄荷醇分子,导致L-薄荷醇融化,或导致L-薄荷醇升华。用于生产微粉化的L-薄荷醇晶体的适合的技术包括喷射研磨。
诸如薄荷油、蒿子油、橙油、茴香油等的精油在室温下为液体。它们通常配制成胶囊中的液体,胶囊上有肠溶包衣。我们发现,精油可以与纤维素填料和粘合剂混合,以制成团块或湿团块,但通过简单地将这些材料混合在一起形成的团块并不会产生具有用于底包衣和进一步加工的期望强度的芯。通过将水加入到湿团块,我们生产了足够强健以供后续加工的含萜烯基活性成分的芯。
所述芯还可以包含一种或多种抗氧化剂,其可以保持萜烯基活性成分的纯度。当采用的萜烯基活性成分可以氧化形成不希望的衍生物时,这是有利的。可使用的抗氧化剂的实例包括但不限于:生育酚(维生素E)、BHT(丁基化羟基甲苯)、BHA(丁基化羟基苯甲醚)和抗坏血酸。
所述芯还可以包含其他非萜烯活性成分,诸如基于植物的多酚化合物,包括例如绿茶提取物、芦荟。
所述芯还可以包括与诸如L-薄荷醇的某些萜烯表现出协同治疗胃肠疾病的其他活性成分。这些其他活性成分包括通常用于治疗各种胃肠道问题的药物,包括质子泵抑制剂、抗炎剂和免疫抑制剂。L-薄荷醇与这些其他活性成分的结合提高了其疗效,因为L-薄荷醇促进它们渗透到肠道壁中。
PPI的实例包括但不限于:奥美拉唑、兰索拉唑、右兰索拉唑、艾美拉唑、泮托拉唑、雷贝拉唑和艾普拉唑。当所述芯中的L-薄荷醇溶解在蒿子油中时优选包括PPI。
抗炎药的实例包括氨基水杨酸盐,其包括5-氨基水杨酸(5-ASA)。5-ASA的实例是柳氮磺胺吡啶、美沙拉嗪、奥沙拉嗪和巴柳氮。这些通过降低胃肠道的内壁水平的炎症而起作用。然而它们没有解决疼痛和与溃疡性结肠炎或克罗恩病相关的其他症状。5-ASA吸收差。当它们被释放并被局部递送至回肠(用于克罗恩病)或结肠(溃疡性结肠炎)时更有效。L-薄荷醇与氨基水杨酸(在芯中)以及与专门用于在pH为6.8至7.5之间的适当pH下递送的肠溶包衣的组合有利于治疗胃肠道疾病。我们预期这种组合对于解决有上述疾病的患者的需要是协同的。适合这些含PPI制剂的肠溶包衣包括AQOATAS-HF、AQOATAS-HG、EUDRAGITFS30D或EUDRAGITS-100。
免疫抑制剂的实例包括皮质类固醇,诸如强的松和甲基强的松龙。皮质类固醇非特异性抑制免疫应答。这些药物有显著的短期和长期副作用。它们需要被递送到回肠(对于克罗恩病)或结肠(对于溃疡性结肠炎)以用于最大疗效。配制在所述芯中的L-薄荷醇与泼尼松、泼尼松龙或甲泼尼龙,其与专门用于在pH为6.8至7.5之间的适当pH下递送的肠溶包衣的组合有利于治疗胃肠道疾病,诸如溃疡性结肠炎或克罗恩病。这种协同活性可允许患者能够接收相比皮质类固醇本身较低剂量的皮质类固醇与L-薄荷醇的组合。L-薄荷醇的独特活性有助于缓解腹痛、痉挛和腹泻。适合这些含有免疫抑制剂的制剂的肠溶包衣包括AQOATAS-HF、AQOATAS-HG、EUDRAGITFS30D或EUDRAGITS-100。
所述芯还可以包括药学上可接受的填充剂、稳定剂、粘合剂、表面活性剂、加工助剂和/或崩解剂。仅以举例的方式提供了用于执行这些功能的适合的材料。
优选的填充剂包括纤维素填充材料,诸如微晶纤维素、磷酸氢钙和/或另一种药学上可接受的填充剂。
优选的粘合剂包括纤维素水溶性聚合物,诸如甲基纤维素、淀粉、羟丙基纤维素、明胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙二醇和/或另一种药学上可接受的粘合剂。
因为一些萜烯基活性成分,诸如L-薄荷醇,很难溶于水,因此有利的是包括表面活性剂作为增溶剂。优选的增溶剂包括但不限于聚山梨醇酯80和/或十二烷基硫酸钠。有利的是,当使用聚山梨醇酯80时,它也可促进萜烯基活性成分吸收到血浆中。
合适的加工助剂包括用于提高加工过程中芯材料的流动性的药学上可接受的加工助剂。优选的加工助剂包括但不限于,胶态二氧化硅、滑石、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸甘油酯和/或另一种药学上可接受的加工助剂。
优选的崩解剂包括但不限于交联羧甲基纤维素钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(交聚维酮)淀粉羟乙酸钠和/或另一种药学上可接受的加工助剂。崩解剂的优选量是肠溶包衣芯的约0.05%w/w至约20%w/w。
在多颗粒组合物的一个特别优选的实施例中,所述芯包含:约10%w/w至约35%w/w的一种或多种萜烯基活性成分;约25%w/w至约75%w/w的填充剂;和约1.5%w/w至约10%w/w的粘合剂。这里的%w/w是相对于肠溶包衣多颗粒的总重量的活性成分或赋形剂的重量。
一旦形成所述芯,沿其外表面施加所述底包衣以形成基本上连续的薄膜,其形成所述芯和底包衣之后施加的肠溶溶衣之间的屏障。本发明特别有利的特征之一是使用蛋白类材料作为底包衣材料。可使用的蛋白类材料的实例包括蛋白质,例如但不限于:酪蛋白、乳清蛋白、大豆蛋白和各种类型的明胶(A型、B型或明胶衍生物)或具有蛋白样结构的蛋白类材料。在一个优选的实施例中,用以形成底包衣的材料是含有分散在溶剂中的至少约50%蛋白类材料的溶液。溶剂是优选的,但不一定是水。特别优选的蛋白类材料是A型明胶。
优选将蛋白类底包衣以液体形式施加到芯并随后在所述芯上干燥。干燥时,将底包衣粘附至所述芯。液体形式的蛋白类底包衣材料的实例包括熔体和凝胶。干燥时,底包衣在所述芯上方形成连续膜并在所述芯和肠溶性包衣之间提供屏障。
我们发现开发含有萜烯基活性成分的多颗粒组合物时的一个问题是萜烯有时渗入到常规的底包衣材料中并在温度升高(25℃-50℃)或组合物储存时间长的情况下与肠溶包衣接触。这稍微降低了肠溶包衣的有效性和所述芯中活性成分的量。通过使用蛋白类底包衣,我们已基本消除了这个问题。
多颗粒组合物一旦进入肠道其优选适于具有控释曲线。为治疗某些胃肠道疾病,非常希望避免在2小时期间内在模拟胃中液体环境的pH低于4的溶液中释放组合物中大于20%的总活性成分。如果该组合物释放了存在的大于20%的活性成分,则它会引起副作用,因为萜烯在胃中的药理作用。例如对于薄荷油和L-薄荷醇,这会引起消化不良、糜烂性食管炎、酸反流或GERD(胃食管反流疾病)。
因为常常希望能够在非冷藏车中运送产品并将它们长时间存储,我们着手开发了在40℃和75%相对湿度下储存1至30天之间甚至更长时稳定的多颗粒组合物。使用蛋白类底包衣允许我们实现这一目标。
明胶通常在约35℃熔化,其低于约37℃的正常人体温。考虑到这种情况,人们可能想到的是,如果将包括明胶底包衣的多颗粒组合物加热到35℃以上时,底包衣会熔化并从所述芯释放活性成分。然而,我们观察到明胶底包衣的多颗粒组合物即使当加热至35℃以上也没有从所述芯释放萜烯基活性成分。这是特别出乎意料的结果,提供了许多优点。
由于蛋白类底包衣防止甚至当加热至蛋白类材料的熔点以上时挥发性萜烯成分从所述芯释放,通过施加蛋白类底包衣,在加工过程中不必避免加热该底包衣芯。其中有利的一种方案是施加肠溶包衣。肠溶包衣聚合物的玻璃转变温度(Tg)往往高于35℃。被施加到所述芯后,优选将肠溶包衣颗粒加热至高于Tg,从而使得肠溶包衣聚合物可以治疗并由此实现对所述芯的最佳肠溶保护。因此,使用所述芯和肠溶包衣之间的蛋白类底包衣允许实现最佳的肠溶保护而不从所述芯释放萜烯基活性成分。
在多颗粒组合物的某些优选实施例中,将底包衣作为含明胶的底包衣溶液施加到所述芯。溶剂可以是其中明胶可溶的任何溶剂,诸如水。在一个优选的实施例中,底包衣溶液包含约5%至约30%w/w的明胶和约70%至约95%的溶剂。当允许在所述芯周围干燥底包衣溶液时,溶剂蒸发,留下薄的明胶膜,其附着至所述芯并在所述芯和肠溶包衣之间形成屏障。
令人惊讶的是,在我们的实验中在约15℃至约25℃下干燥含有精油和水的芯并不会导致萜烯基活性成分的显著损失,因为水通过流体床干燥被去除。
将肠溶包衣施加在底包衣上方。在一个优选的实施例中,肠溶包衣是肠溶包衣颗粒的约2%w/w至约35%w/w。优选的肠溶性包衣材料是甲基丙烯酸基材料,诸如甲基丙烯酸基共聚物。合适的甲基丙烯酸基共聚物的实例包括L30D-55(EvonikRoehmGmbH,德国)或MAE30DP(BASFSE,德国)。这些材料可以与用于形成肠溶包衣溶液的诸如增塑剂的其他材料组合。在一个典型的实施例中,肠溶包衣溶液包含约5%w/w至约35%w/w的水,肠溶包衣的干燥多颗粒包含0.5%w/w至约5%w/w的增塑剂、约0.05%w/w至约5%w/w的防粘剂和约2%w/w至约35%w/w的甲基丙烯酸共聚物。仅通过示例的方式,适合的增塑剂是柠檬酸三乙酯,适合的防粘剂是T20(EmersonResources,Inc.,Norristown,PA)。
在多颗粒组合物的一个特别优选的实施例中,多颗粒组合物中的颗粒包含:(a)芯,包含约15w/w至约35%w/w的活性成分、约40%w/w至约75%w/w的微晶纤维素和约2%w/w至约10%w/w的甲基纤维素;(b)所述芯上方的明胶薄膜底包衣;和(c)所述低包衣芯上方的肠溶包衣。明胶薄膜底包衣优选为肠溶包衣颗粒的约3.5%w/w至约35%w/w。肠溶包衣优选为肠溶包衣颗粒的约3.5%w/w至约35%w/w。
肠溶包衣颗粒可以包覆有饰面层。使用饰面层,例如,克服了一些肠溶包衣材料的粘膜粘附特性,这种粘膜粘附特性使得在加工、存储或经由用于肠内给药的管配药的过程中所述多颗粒粘在一起。饰面层优选为纤维素衍生物,诸如HPMC(羟丙基甲基纤维素)、HPC(羟丙基纤维素)、CMC(羧甲基纤维素)或另一种药学上可接受的饰面层材料。当使用时,饰面层优选为约1%至10%w/w的饰面多颗粒。
体内的活性成分释放曲线可以变化以治疗不同的疾病。通过举例的方式,L-薄荷醇和薄荷油可用于治疗过多胃肠道疾病,诸如肠易激综合症、炎性肠病和功能性消化不良,但最好在胃肠道中的某一点释放活性成分以治疗每种疾病。
为了治疗与肠易激综合症相关的胃肠道疾病,多颗粒组合物被配制成使诸如L-薄荷醇或薄荷油的活性成分释放到胃和结肠的量最小化,从而使大部分活性成分释放在小肠中。优选地,20%或以下的活性成分释放到胃中,和20%或以下的活性成分释放到结肠中。另外,活性成分优选在多颗粒通过幽门括约肌进入小肠后约4至约8小时的过程中逐渐释放,以便将活性成分局部递送在小肠中。此释放曲线通过稳定消化系统和减轻与诸如肠易激综合症的疾病有关的症状来治疗胃肠道疾病。
为了治疗诸如功能性消化不良的胃肠道疾病(归类为胃十二指肠疾病),将所述多颗粒组合物配制为使得萜烯基活性成分在多颗粒通过胃和幽门后约0至约2小时期间快速释放,以便将活性成分局部递送到小肠的十二指肠部分,以帮助稳定消化系统和/或减轻与功能性消化不良相关的症状。优选地,20%或以下的活性成分释放在胃中,和20%或以下的活性成分释放在小肠的空肠和回肠部分(其在十二指肠后)和结肠中。
为了治疗诸如炎症性肠病的胃肠道疾病,包括溃疡性结肠炎或克罗恩病),将所述多颗粒组合物配制为使得萜烯基活性成分在多颗粒通过胃和小肠后约4至约6小时期间快速释放,以将活性成分局部递送到结肠以衰减炎症反应和/或减轻与炎症性肠病相关的症状。优选地,30%或以下的活性成分释放在胃和小肠中,大于70%的活性成分在多颗粒达到结肠的pH后的第一个2小时内释放。
特别针对治疗功能性消化不良的多颗粒组合物包括L-薄荷醇或薄荷油和蒿子油的组合。在本实施例中,所述芯被配制成含有崩解剂,以促进活性成分快速释放在十二指肠中。优选的崩解剂包括但不限于交联羧甲基纤维素钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(交聚维酮)和/或淀粉羟乙酸钠。崩解剂的量优选为成品多颗粒的约1%w/w至20%w/w。为了确保活性成分的均匀分布,在形成芯之前,与赋形剂混合之前将L-薄荷醇和/或薄荷油溶解在蒿子油中。
有效量是足以影响体内的疾病或过程的量。含L-薄荷醇的多颗粒组合物的日剂量优选为约10mg至约400mgL-薄荷醇,每天分成两个或三个剂量。每种剂型可以含有5mg至140mg之间的L-薄荷醇,更优选,每胶囊约80-100mgL-薄荷醇。
应当理解,当本公开内容提及治疗胃肠道疾病时,术语“治疗”,“处理或该单词“治疗”的任何其他变型包括胃肠道疾病的预防或管理。
含有薄荷油的多颗粒组合物的日剂量为约20mg至约1200mg薄荷油,每天分成两个或三个剂量。每种剂型可以含有10mg至140mg之间的薄荷油,更优选约90-110mg薄荷油。
含有L-薄荷油和蒿子油的多颗粒组合物的日剂量中含有约15mg至约700mg薄荷油加上15mg至500mg蒿子油,每天分成两个或三个剂量。每种剂型可以含有10mg至70mgL-薄荷醇加上5mg至50mg蒿子油,更优选约40-50mgL-薄荷醇加上20-30mg蒿子油。
当用于治疗胃肠道的急性炎症时所述多颗粒组合物的剂量可以偶尔施用,或所述多颗粒组合物的剂量可以作为治疗GI疾病的长期治疗方案的一部分施用,GI疾病如肠易激综合症、功能性消化不良、胃轻瘫或炎性肠病。治疗个体可以是人或动物。
将肠溶包衣多颗粒制备成合适的药物或医用食物剂型,诸如胶囊、片剂或小袋剂,或与酸性食品媒介混合并通过饲管直接供给。典型的剂型包含约400mg颗粒,但根据所需剂量,可以调整该量。酸性食品媒介包括柑橘类果汁和食品,例如苹果酱和苹果汁。
所述多颗粒组合物优选被配制成肠道给药至人或动物个体,例如口服或通过饲管,以确保个体在摄入后几个小时的过程中接收有效量的萜烯基活性成分。
现描述了制备多颗粒组合物的优选方法。所述芯一般通过如下来制备,即将所述芯材料湿法造粒成湿团块,挤出所述湿团块以形成挤出物,将挤出物切割为多个芯块,并滚圆所述芯块。然后在诸如流化床干燥器的干燥器中干燥滚圆的所述芯块,以除去大部分水。如果需要,然后将干燥的滚圆芯过筛以分离不同尺寸的芯。
然后将干燥的滚圆芯包覆蛋白类底包衣材料。施加底包衣材料至所述芯的一种方法是制备底包衣溶液并将所述底包衣溶液喷雾至所述芯上。存在实现此目的的各种常规方法,但优选的方法是Wurster包衣或流化床包衣(顶部喷雾或底部喷雾)。随后使底包衣溶液在所述芯上方干燥,使得每个芯都包覆有薄的连续的蛋白类膜。如果需要,将底包衣的芯过筛以将它们分为不同的尺寸。
然后将肠溶包衣施加到所述底包衣的芯上。施加肠溶包衣的一种方法是将其喷到底包衣的芯上。存在实现此目的的各种常规方法,但优选的方法是Wurster包衣或流化床包衣。随后干燥肠溶包衣的颗粒。在肠溶包衣过程中,优选在约20℃至约50℃的环境下加热所述芯,以在高于其Tg时固化肠溶包衣材料。
如果需要,可以将饰面层施加在肠溶包衣的颗粒上方。施加饰面层的一种方法是将其喷到肠溶包衣的芯上。存在实现此目的的各种常规方法,但优选的方法是Wurster包衣或流化床包衣。
本发明的另一种方法方面是治疗胃肠道疾病的方法。这种方法包括将多颗粒组合物施用至个体,所述多颗粒组合物包括在所述芯和肠溶包衣之间的蛋白类底包衣。如上所述,存在可使用的各种给药途径,包括肠内给药、经由饲管给药和在食品中给药。
所述多颗粒组合物可以通过使用常规的口服剂型肠内给药,口服剂型诸如片剂、囊片、胶囊、小袋剂等。
用于通过口服或经由管施用所述多颗粒组合物的另一种肠内方法是作为医用食物产品。在医用食物产品中,多颗粒组合物与诸如苹果汁的酸性食品媒介或防止活性成分过早释放的另一酸性媒介混合。
尽管我们已经描述的许多个具体实施例包括薄荷油、L-薄荷醇和/或蒿子油,但是本领域技术人员将理解,蛋白类底包衣的使用一般适用于许多其他药学活性的萜烯基活性成分,因为它们存在同样的困难;即,因为它们是挥发性的,难以将它们制备为热稳定多颗粒剂型。
实例
本部分提供了本发明的多颗粒组合物和方法方面的具体实例。提供这些实例以示出本发明的某些优选方面和实施例,但本发明的范围并不限于这些实例所教导的。
实例1:多颗粒组合物的制备
使用以名称PH102(FMC公司,费城,PA)市售的微晶纤维素(MCC),以名称A15LV(陶氏化学有限公司,米德兰,MI)市售的甲基纤维素,蒸馏的薄荷油和USP纯化水制备所述芯。
将33.25kgMCC、1.75kg甲基纤维素和15kg薄荷油与水共混以形成湿团块。将湿团块在高剪切造粒机中造粒。然后挤出并滚圆造粒的湿团块。随后在流化床干燥器中干燥滚圆的颗粒,以形成未包衣的芯。干燥温度为约16℃。
用37kg含有约15%的酸性骨明胶和85%的USP水的底包衣组合物对未包衣的芯进行Wurster包衣,并干燥。
用31kg含有MAE30DP、T20、柠檬酸三乙酯USP和纯化水USP的20%w/w的肠溶包衣悬浮液对底包衣的芯进行Wurster包衣。MAE30DP的干固体重量为约5.4kg。柠檬酸三乙酯的干固体重量为约0.28kg。T20的干固体重量为约0.5kg。然后在约40℃下干燥肠溶包衣的芯。
用26kg含有约10%w/w的羟丙甲基纤维素和90%水USP的饰面层溶液对肠溶包衣的芯进行Wurster包衣,并在约40℃下干燥。
实例2:实例1的多颗粒组合物的稳定性试验
随后测试实例1中所述的多颗粒组合物,以确保在升高的温度下存储长时间时,明胶底包衣防止薄荷油蒸发并离开芯。
在第一组实验中,我们制备了含有多颗粒组合物的胶囊,并将它们在40℃和75%的相对湿度下存储四周。每周我们测量所选的胶囊中薄荷油的量。图1示出本研究的结果,即以每个胶囊L-薄荷醇的毫克数作为时间的函数的曲线图。结果表明,在4周期间每胶囊中L-薄荷醇的量或多或少保持恒定在约34mg。这证明明胶底包衣保持芯的完整性。
在第二组实验中,我们模拟胃肠环境并测量多颗粒组合物的溶出曲线,以确保肠溶包衣起作用以及几乎所有的薄荷油在约8.5小时内从芯释放。这是常规的两阶段溶出研究,其中将样品放置在酸性介质(0.1NHCl)中约两个小时,随后剩余的时间将其放置在中性介质(pH值=6.8)中。
该实验的结果示于图2,即薄荷油的释放%,报告为随时间L-薄荷醇的毫克数。在酸性介质中两小时后,测试的每种样品仅释放约10%或更少的薄荷油,这表明肠溶包衣是完整的且正常起作用。在之后中性介质中的6.5小时内,薄荷油逐渐从芯释放。
除非另有定义,本文使用的所有技术和科学术语旨在具有本发明所属领域和其提交时本领域通常理解的相同含义。虽然类似或等同于本文描述的各种方法和材料可以在本发明的实践或测试中使用,但描述了合适的方法和材料。本领域技术应理解,使用和描述的方法和材料是实例,并且可能不是唯一适于本发明使用的。
本说明书公开了本发明的典型优选实施例,尽管采用了特定术语,但该术语仅用于描述意义,而不是为了限制的目的。已经相当详细地描述了本发明,但显而易见的是,可以在本发明的精神和范围内作出各种修改和改变,如前述说明书和权利要求所描述的。
Claims (35)
1.一种多颗粒组合物,包括多个单独的肠溶包衣芯,所述肠溶包衣芯含有一种或多种萜烯基活性成分并具有覆盖单独的芯并且将所述单独的芯与它们各自的肠溶包衣分离的连续蛋白类底包衣层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多颗粒组合物,其中,所述肠溶包衣芯进一步包括质子泵抑制剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的多颗粒组合物,其中,所述肠溶包衣芯进一步包括抗炎剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的多颗粒组合物,其中,所述肠溶包衣芯进一步包括免疫抑制剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的多颗粒组合物,其中,所述一种或多种萜烯基活性成分包括含有萜烯的精油和/或L-薄荷醇。
6.根据权利要求1所述的多颗粒组合物,其中,所述一种或多种萜烯基活性成分包括薄荷油和/或L-薄荷醇。
7.根据权利要求1所述的多颗粒组合物,其中,所述一种或多种萜烯基活性成分包括L-薄荷醇和蒿子油。
8.根据权利要求1所述的多颗粒组合物,其中,所述一种或多种萜烯基活性成分包括L-薄荷醇和薄荷油。
9.根据权利要求1所述的多颗粒组合物,其中,所述一种或多种萜烯基活性成分包括薄荷油和蒿子油。
10.根据权利要求1所述的多颗粒组合物,其中,所述一种或多种萜烯基活性成分包括L-薄荷醇和含有儿茶素的绿茶提取物。
11.根据权利要求1所述的多颗粒组合物,其中,所述一种或多种萜烯基活性成分包括来自溶解在精油中的至少80%纯的L-薄荷醇源的L-薄荷醇。
12.根据权利要求2所述的多颗粒组合物,其中,所述肠溶包衣芯是球形并且其直径不大于3毫米。
13.根据权利要求1所述的多颗粒组合物,其中,所述芯包括:约10%w/w至约35%w/w的一种或多种萜烯基活性成分,约40%w/w至约75%w/w的微晶纤维素,和约2%w/w至约10%w/w的甲基纤维素,以及约0.05%w/w至约20%w/w的交联羧甲基纤维素钠;所述底包衣包括约3.5%w/w至约25%w/w的肠溶包衣芯;并且所述肠溶包衣包括约2%至约35%w/w的肠溶包衣芯。
14.根据权利要求13所述的多颗粒组合物,其中,蛋白类底包衣包括粘附至所述芯的连续明胶膜。
15.根据权利要求13所述的多颗粒组合物,其中,蛋白类底包衣是干燥的蛋白类凝胶。
16.根据权利要求13所述的多颗粒组合物,其中,覆盖所述芯的连续蛋白类底包衣层适于防止所述一种或多种萜烯基活性成分与所述肠溶包衣混合。
17.根据权利要求13所述的多颗粒组合物,其中,所述肠溶包衣芯进一步包括质子泵抑制剂。
18.根据权利要求13所述的多颗粒组合物,其中,所述肠溶包衣芯进一步包括抗炎剂。
19.根据权利要求13所述的多颗粒组合物,其中,所述肠溶包衣芯进一步包括免疫抑制剂。
20.根据权利要求13所述的多颗粒组合物,其中,所述肠溶包衣的玻璃转变温度高于所述一种或多种萜烯基活性成分的标准沸点或升华点。
21.一种制备肠溶包衣多颗粒组合物的方法,所述方法包括:
用液体蛋白类材料包对含有一种或多种药学活性的萜烯基活性成分的芯进行包衣;
对所述芯上的液体蛋白类材料进行干燥以形成底包衣芯;和
在所述底包衣芯上方施加肠溶包衣。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中,所述蛋白类材料包括明胶。
23.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中,所述液体蛋白类材料是含有至少约35%明胶的溶液。
24.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中,通过将所述液体蛋白类材料喷涂到所述芯上来对所述芯进行包衣。
25.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中,所述芯通过以下方法来制备:将一种或多种药物活性的含萜烯物质与水和药学上可接受的赋形剂共混以形成湿团块,挤出所述湿团块,滚圆挤出的所述湿团块,以及干燥所产生的滚圆的块。
26.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中,所述一种或多种药物活性的含萜烯物质选自薄荷油、蒿子油、L-薄荷醇或它们的组合。
27.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中,将所述肠溶包衣施加至所述底包衣芯包括:将所述肠溶包衣芯加热至所述肠溶包衣的至少玻璃转变温度而不从所述芯释放一种或多种萜烯基活性成分。
28.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中,所述萜烯基活性成分包括含萜烯的精油和/或L-薄荷醇。
29.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中,所述萜烯基活性成分包括薄荷油和/或L-薄荷醇。
30.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中,所述萜烯基活性成分包括L-薄荷醇和蒿子油的混合物。
31.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中,所述一种或多种萜烯基活性成分包括L-薄荷醇和蒿子油,所述L-薄荷醇来自至少80%纯的L-薄荷醇源。
32.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中,所述肠溶包衣芯是球形并且其直径不大于3毫米。
33.一种治疗个体中胃肠道疾病的方法,所述方法包括向所述个体施用具有多个单独的肠溶包衣芯的多颗粒组合物,所述肠溶包衣芯含有一种或多种萜烯基活性成分和连续的蛋白类底包衣层,所述蛋白类底包衣层覆盖单独的芯并将所述单独的芯与它们各自的肠溶包衣分离。
34.根据权利要求33所述的方法,其中,肠内地实施给药。
35.根据权利要求33所述的方法,其中,所述多颗粒组合物在施用之前与酸性媒介共混。
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