CN1051225C - 稳定的胃酸耐受奥美拉唑微粒组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

稳定的胃酸耐受奥美拉唑微粒组合物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN1051225C
CN1051225C CN93108926A CN93108926A CN1051225C CN 1051225 C CN1051225 C CN 1051225C CN 93108926 A CN93108926 A CN 93108926A CN 93108926 A CN93108926 A CN 93108926A CN 1051225 C CN1051225 C CN 1051225C
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P·德布雷吉斯
G·勒迪克
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种含有由糖和淀粉组成的中性核的奥美拉唑微粒稳定本文组合物,其特征在于它有一活性层,该层由差不多等量甘露糖醇中的奥美拉唑稀释物组成。本发明还涉及制备这些组合物的方法。

Description

稳定的胃酸耐受奥美拉唑微粒组合物及其制备方法
本发明涉及一种具有与药物要求相适应的时间稳定性且呈胃酸耐受微粒的奥美拉唑药物组合物,以及所述微粒的制备方法。
人们都知道,奥美拉唑,即5-甲氧基-2-〔〔4-甲氧基-3,5-二甲基-2-吡啶基)甲基〕亚硫酰基〕-1H-苯并咪唑是减少胃-肠酸性分泌的抗溃疡物质,并在瑞典专利No.7804231(Aktiebolaget Hassle Fack)中特别描述过。
人们还知道,奥美拉唑在水中溶解度很低,但相反地在碱性溶液中却很易溶,并且在酸性介质中降解很快。在pH低于4的水溶液中,它的降解半寿命是十分钟,在pH等于6.5时则是十八小时,在pH=11时约300天。
因此,当人们口服奥美拉唑时,需要胃酸耐受该活性物质的药物形式(胶囊、片剂或粉末),以避免在胃部酸性介质情况下这种活性物质有任何接触,同时在应该吸收奥美拉唑的肠道介质中,即环境pH变得高于6.8时,就实现快速溶解。
在le Journal de Gastro-enterologie Scandinave(斯堪的纳维亚胃肠学学报)(1985:20(Suppl.108):113-120,PilbranA.Cederberg C)中曾描述过口服奥美拉唑组合物离体溶解特性以及在人体中使用这些由保护微粒造成的口服组合物生物利用率的效果。
不过,已经证明,传统的肠用粒剂以令人满意的药物形式(微粒胶囊或片剂)使用时,其稳定时间不够,因为当把它们置于通常使用的条件下(环境温度25℃、湿度40-75%)时,观察到其活性组分快速降解,产生有害的降解产物,如在Acta ChemicaScandinavia 43(1989)536-548(Arne BRNDSTROM & AL.)中所描述的那样。
为克服这些缺点,曾特别提出过(Ep-A-0247983HSSLE A-G)将适量的奥美拉唑和钠、钾、镁、钙的碱式盐或铵的碱式盐混入大量含包涂及崩解剂的纤维素衍生物中,以便通过挤压得到一种核,其核的组合物被包裹,并具有碱性pH7-12。
这样得到的微粒就是通常的胃酸耐受型,并且符合对最适宜口服产品所规定的溶解标准和胃酸耐受标准,即在pH等于6.8的含水介质中,30分钟后溶解超过75%,而在pH等于1.2的介质中,在2小时后胃酸耐受超过85%。
然而,这类制备方法无论从技术观点还是从经济观点来看都有许多严重缺陷。首先,这类方法务必制备多种产物的组合物和混合物,并且在生产进行过程中有累积毒性与不稳定性的危险。另外,必须使用给活性成分带来高成本的一种昂贵专用设备,这势必在世界上大量使用时过分地增加最终产品的价格,使用这类产品时每日的治疗费用比使用铋盐和甲基硝基咪唑乙醇或大环内脂作为抗酸和幽门螺杆菌的杀菌剂的治疗费用高得多(该杀菌剂可治疗大多数胃肠溃疡)。
本发明的目的在于克服这些缺陷。本发明涉及新的稳定和胃酸耐受型奥美拉唑微粒组合物和在有利的经济条件下能制取该微粒的方法。
根据本发明,以在差不多等量甘露糖醇中所稀释的粉末形式使用奥美拉唑,以便得到均匀稳定的悬浮液并且使得在将其涂敷在由糖与淀粉混合物组成的中性颗粒上时,保证奥美拉唑含量的较好均匀性。
因此本发明涉及一种稳定的奥美拉唑微粒组合物,其特征在于,它们包括一个由糖和淀粉组成的中性核,其核由活性层包裹,活性层含有在差不多等量的甘露糖醇中的奥美拉唑稀释物。
关于稀释的粉末,按照本发明应理解为奥美拉唑粉末、甘露糖醇粉末、月桂基硫酸钠和羧甲基淀粉的混合物。
优选地说,混合粉末的粒度差不多等于或小于100微米。
关于差不多等量,应理解为奥美拉唑粉末重量与甘露糖醇粉末重量之比是1左右,即0.9-1.2。
按1份粉末奥美拉唑为约4份重量比的由糖和淀粉构成的中心核的平均直径是0.7-0.9mm。
活性成分层或涂敷在中性颗粒上的活性层的厚度最好是100-300μm(0.1-0.3mm)。
为保证本发明微粒在贮存时活性成分具有良好的稳定性,活性层的水分含量低于1%,最好低于0.5%。
另外,本发明的微粒最好包括活性层的补充保护层,该保护层由甘露糖醇和粘结剂组成,以便将在其上涂敷奥美拉唑的核与外涂层明确分开,而外涂层用于保证活性核的胃酸耐受作用。
优选地说,粘结剂是羟丙甲基纤维素(HPMC)而胃酸耐受层包括羟丙甲基纤维素酞酸酯(HPMCP)或甲基丙烯酸的amioniques共聚物和滑石粉。
为满足奥美拉唑微粒离体溶解标准,按照该标准,在将其微粒放入pH等于6.8,温度为37℃的含水介质中时,在30分钟后至少75%奥美拉唑应该溶解,人们就在奥美拉唑和甘露糖醇的起始混合物中加入约10%的羧甲基淀粉(由MENDELL公司生产的EXPLOTAB)以便在pH等于6.8时颗粒完全崩解(剥蚀),以及5%的诸如月桂基硫酸钠之类的表面活性剂,它改善在肠道介质中奥美拉唑的溶解作用。
此外,为了在中性颗粒上涂敷活性层,然后是甘露糖醇补充保护层,而使用约15厘泊(15×10-3P·s·)羟丙甲基纤维素(HPMC)(由SHINETSU公司生产的pHARMACOAT)的高粘度溶液作粘结液,这类高粘度溶液是以在至少80%乙醇和至多20%水的混合物中,例如10份水和90份90°乙醇混合物中的溶液形式使用的并且量少,以便在整个活性细粒生产中最大限度地限制细粒中溶剂和水的含量。
最后,根据本发明奥美拉唑稳定细粒的实施方式,在采用喷撒33%蔗糖浆(在水/乙醇为44/56(质量)的混合物中)方法来预涂敷奥美拉唑和甘露糖醇的活性微粒之后,涂敷上按丙酮和95°乙醇为80∶20(质量比)的混合物中成75%溶液形式的羟丙甲基纤维素酞酸盐(HPMCP)(由SHIN-ETSU公司生产的HP50R)溶液组成的胃酸耐受微粒涂层作为外层,上述糖浆中以蔗糖计的总重量与最后胃酸耐受涂层量相比约为25%。该外层可以含滑石粉作润滑剂。
在不同的涂敷和裹包阶段的整个过程中其颗粒温度都保持在32-38℃并且在每个阶段之间,都要(在温度35-40℃下)进行干燥,以便使溶液和水的含量最低,对于水来说,最后含量低于1%,乙醇则低于2000ppm。
本发明的其它特性和优点将在下述实施例中显示出来。
实施例1 8.41%(重量)奥美拉唑微粒的制备方法
对于最终量为237.80Kg的微粒(每克微粒含84.1mg奥美拉唑)来说,下述所有各种含量都是以干物质的Kg表示的。组成糖和淀粉的中性颗粒                       80.00活性层:奥美拉唑                                 20.00甘露糖醇                                 20.00羧甲基淀粉(CMA)                          4.00月桂基硫酸钠                             2.00补充保护层:甘露糖醇                                 50.00蔗糖                                     8.00HPMC 15厘泊                              3.20胃酸耐受层HPMCP                                    32.00滑石粉                                   18.60
                                     237.80
根据本发明的方法主要在于制备一种在4Kg CMA和2Kg月桂基硫酸钠存在下,20Kg甘露糖醇中的20Kg奥美拉唑的稀释物,然后在倾斜平底的循环涂(涡)轮机中,借助于在水(20份)和95°乙醇(80份)中的4%HPMC(1.6Kg)溶液,将这种干的稀释物粘结在80Kg直径为0.7-0.9mm的糖和淀粉的中性颗粒上,再对借助50Kg甘露糖醇所涂敷得到的活性颗粒用余下的HPMC溶液(即1.6Kg)进行保护处理,然后用由44份水和56份95°乙醇组成的33%糖浆(8Kg蔗糖)预涂敷这样被保护的颗粒,最后按照在80份95°乙醇和20份丙酮混合物中的7.5%HPMCP溶液32Kg涂敷胃酸耐受涂层。
这样得到的颗粒表明,在pH1.2介质中,胃酸耐受超过85%,因为在37℃2小时后,在这种介质中未释放的奥美拉唑的量是91.7%。在pH等于6.8的含水介质中,颗粒溶解表明,在30分钟后,奥美拉唑溶解率为92%即超过75%的量,这是最低可接受的标准。
在12和24个月之后,各自的胃酸耐受值是92.1%和92.8%,在相同的操作条件下,在pH6.8时的溶解分别为91.4%和93.8%。
此外,在配有脱水盒的带盖玻璃瓶中,在室温和外部湿度为60%的条件下,以胶囊形式保存的微粒其浅灰褐色在至少24个月的时间内都保持不变。
实施例2:稳定性试验
对4组含本发明微粒的胶囊和1组微粒进行了奥美拉唑的稳定性研究。下面列出对照组、保存条件、分析方法以及结果。
1.对照组
奥美拉唑胶囊
C458-1-2,C458-1-6,C458-2-3,和C458-2-4
奥美拉唑微粒
UQM001-3
组                生产日期                   保存时间
                                                 (月)C458-1-2             1983.6月               36C458-1-6             1984.2月               36C458-2-3             1984.9月               24C458-2-4             1984.10月              24UQM001-3             1990.10月              3
2.保存条件:
-25℃-相对湿度60%
-30℃-相对湿度30-40%,60%
-37℃-相对湿度20-30%,90%
-50℃-相对湿度80%
-冰箱
3.试样分析
a.胶囊
试样的溶解
A.为测定奥美拉唑,在250ml量瓶中加入5个胶囊,然后加200ml甲醇-氨(95/5)溶液,并用磁方法搅拌30分钟。再用相同的溶剂补足。过滤,并用30ml二氯甲烷稀释在100ml量瓶中的10ml溶液,再用甲醇-氨-二氯甲烷(24/1/75)补足到该体积。
B.为测定降解产物,将2个胶囊在磁搅拌下溶于8ml甲醇-氨(95/5)溶液中达30分钟。过滤并用二氯甲烷将2.5ml滤液稀释到100ml。立刻注射。
仪器与条件
-CLHP仪,配有U.V.(紫外)探测器,
-二氧化硅前处理柱(Precolonne).7μm.长15mm,内径3.2mm(Brownlee或等效)。
Lichrosorb S;60柱,5μm,长124mm,内径4mm(HibarMerck或等效)
-流量:1ml/min(毫升/分钟)
-在280nm(纳米)读数
-注射:40μl
系统和控制
一旦得到稳定的基线,就按以下方式控制其系统:
将5mg标准奥美拉唑和5mg相应的砜H168/66(其化学式如下)溶于100ml移动相中,注射40μl这几次,直到得到恒定的保留时间(两次注射之差小于1%)。
奥美拉唑的保留时间是10分钟,而砜H168/66的保留时间是8分钟。
b.微粒
微粒中奥美拉唑含量的测定。
在用高性能液相色谱法分离之后,在紫外范围内用分光光度法测定微粒中奥美拉唑的含量。
试剂
-CLHP用的乙腈(例如CARLO ERBA ref412409)
-磷酸氢二钠(Na2HPO4)
-磷酸二氢钠(NaH2PO4,H2O)
-蒸馏水
-参比物质:OMEPRAZOLE(奥美拉唑)
仪器
带紫外探测器(280nm)的液相色谱仪
*2根不锈钢串联柱:
-预处理柱:长1.5cm,内径Φ3.2mm,粒度7μm
-柱:      长12.5cm,内径Φ4mm,粒度5μm
*固定相:  Lichrosorb RP 18
*注射系统:注射量为20μl(例如自动注射器WISP 712)
*积分器:LCI 100 PERKIN ELMER或WATERS 645 DATA
         MODULE
胃酸耐受与溶解试验
微粒在溶解设备中于适当的介质里在恒定的温度下(37℃+/0.5℃)搅拌达2小时30分钟。
设备
使用的溶解设备是在Pharmacopie Europeenne中描述的带浆叶的设备。
旋转速度:100转/分钟
使用的体积:500ml pH1.2介质。加400ml pH7.6介质
介质
介质1:耐酸介质
在1升的量瓶中,加入2克氯化钠和7ml浓盐酸(37%),用纯水补足到其体积,再搅拌直至溶解。该溶液的pH应是1.2+/-0.05。
介质II:pH7.6介质(补加)
0.235M磷酸氢二钠溶液
制备2瓶1升溶液
4.结果与结论
这些结果汇集在下表中。
测定杂质含量时,每批样品都测定两种主要的杂质。在列出结果的表中,以I和I′命名的都被认为相同。
A:保存期(月)
B:保存条件,℃,相对湿度
C:外观
D:分解(分钟)
E:奥美拉唑定量(mg/gel)
           C458-1-2    奥美拉唑胶囊A      B      C      D      E               F
                               I        P        其它
                               %       %       %0             a      6      20.3   <0.5    <0.5    <0.26      25  60 a      5      20.6   <0.5    <0.5    <0.2
   30  60 a      7      20.1   <0.5    <0.5    <0.2
   50  80 c      7      19.4   <0.5    <0.5    <0.212     25  60 a      5      20.5   <0.5    <0.5    <0.2
   30  60 b      6      20.5   <0.5    <0.5    <0.218     25  60 a      6      19.8   <0.5    <0.5    <0.2
   30  60 b      6      20.1   <0.5    <0.5    <0.224     25  60 a      6      20.7   <0.5    <0.5    <0.2
   30  60 c      7      20.2   <0.5    <0.5    <0.230     25  60 a      6      20.3   <0.5    <0.5    <0.236     25  60 b      6      19.9   <0.5    <0.5    <0.2
   冰箱   a      6      20.8   <0.5    <0.5    <0.2
a=白色,b=有色的,与一般的颜色相同,c=有色的,与一般的颜色不相同。
            C458-1-6奥美拉唑胶囊A        B        C        D          E               F
                                           I      P       其它
                                          %      %      %0                    a     5          19.4    <0.5   <0.5   <0.26        25       60 a     5          19.6    <0.5   <0.5   <0.2
     30       60 a     6          19.5    <0.5   <0.5   <0.2
     50       80 c     7          18.7    <0.5   <0.5   <0.412       25       60 a     5          19.2    <0.5   <0.5   <0.2
     30       60 b     6          19.3    <0.5   <0.5   <0.218       25       60 a     5          19.7    <0.5   <0.5   <0.2
     30       60 b     5          19.1    <0.5   <0.5   <0.324       25       60 a     6          19.0    <0.5   <0.5   <0.2
     30       60 c     6          19.2    <0.5   <0.5   <0.330       冰箱        a     6          19.8    <0.5   <0.5   <0.2
     25       60 a     5          19.3    <0.5   <0.5   <0.236       冰箱        a     6          19.8    <0.5   <0.5   <0.2
     25       60 b     5          19.2    <0.5   <0.5   <0.2
a=白色,b=有色的,与一般的颜色相同,c=有色的,与一般的颜色不相同。
             C458-2-3奥美拉唑胶囊A      B      C      D      E              F
                               I       P      其它
                               %      %     %0             a      <5    21.2   <0.5   <0.5  <0.26      冰箱   a      <5    20.9   <0.5   <0.5  <0.2
   25  60 a      5      21.1   <0.5   <0.5  <0.212     冰箱   a      5      20.8   <0.5   <0.5  <0.2
   25  60 a      <5    20.7   <0.5   <0.5  <0.218     冰箱   a      <5    20.6   <0.5   <0.5  <0.2
   25  60 a      5      20.4   <0.5   <0.5  <0.224     25  60 a      6      20.7   <0.5   <0.5  <0.2
a=白色,b=有色的,与一般的颜色相同,c=有色的,与一般的颜色不相同。
           C458-2-4奥美拉唑胶囊A      B      C      D      E              F
                               I       P      其它
                               %      %     %0             a      6      20.7   <0.5   <0.5  <0.26      25  60 a      <5    20.8   <0.5   <0.5  <0.212     25  60 a      5      20.3   <0.5   <0.5  <0.218     25  80 a      6      20.5   <0.5   <0.5  <0.224     冰箱   a      5      20.0   <0.5   <0.5  <0.2
   25  60 b      5      20.4   <0.5   <0.5  <0.5
a=白色,b=有色的,与一般的颜色相同,c=有色的,与一般的颜色不相同。
UQM001-3奥美拉唑微粒
A:保存期(月)
B:保存条件,℃,相对温度
C:外观
D:奥美拉唑测定(mg/g)
E:胃酸耐受试验:
F:溶解试验,%A          B     C      D      E       F0                a      78.0   95.9    95.01    25    55-65 a      80.8   93.9    94.0
 30    30-40 a      81.2   94.4    95.0
 37    20-40 a      80.4   97.0    97.0
 37    90    a      77.6   97.5    100.03    25    56-65 a      81.4   91.6    92.0
 30    30-40 a      79.1   95.7    96.0
 37    20-40 a      80.2   92.0    93.0
 37       90 c      41.9   -       -
a=白色,b=有色的,与一般的颜色相同,c=有色的,与一般的颜色不相同。
这些胶囊在25℃和冰箱中,保存最长达36个月都具有良好的稳定性,所有杂质浓度都低于0.50%。
杂质的含量随温度与湿度增加而有点提高,并且可足以使颗粒带颜色。
散装保存的微粒,在环境温度和相对湿度为55-65%、在30℃和相对湿度30-40%,以及在37℃和相对湿度20-30%时在3个月内都具有良好的稳定性,而在37℃和相对湿度90%时在一个月内也具有良好的稳定性。
有效期
由所得到的结果看到,在36个月内,该成药是稳定的,只要在这个期间不超过25℃。
标准
1.外观:坚硬的明胶胶囊,含微白色到多少有点深灰褐色的细
        粒,无其它颗粒。
2.平均重量:约235mg≠10%
3.奥美拉唑含量:18.0-22.0mg/胶囊(90-110%)
4.在酸性介质中耐受力:≥85%
5.在pH 6.8的释放:≥75%
6.降解产物:总含量≤2.0%
            单个含量≤0.5%。
当然,本技术领域的技术人员能对本发明微粒实施方式进行一些改变,尤其使用诸如以流化床裹包设备代替前面叙述和平底涡(涂)轮机,或者使用甲基丙烯酸聚合物作胃酸耐受物质(例如ROHM&HASS公司的I′EUDRAGITL100-55或L30D)或其它胃酸耐受聚合物,对于这些都没有超出本发明的范围。
相反地,本发明没有采用在现有技术中已经叙述过的常见挤压技术制备微粒,这些挤压技术需要使用在含溶剂和水的物质中的奥美拉唑溶液,由于前述方法的实施方式而避免了这一点,从而使在这些条件下奥美拉唑的不稳定性结果有所减轻。

Claims (10)

1.一种稳定的奥美拉唑微粒组合物,其特征在于包括一个由糖和淀粉组成的中性核,其核由活性层包裹,活性层含有其中奥美拉唑与甘露糖醇的重量比为0.9~1.2的稀释物。
2.根据权利要求1的组合物,其特征在于:奥美拉唑活性层含10%(重量)羧甲基淀粉。
3.根据权利要求2的组合物,其特征在于:奥美拉唑活性层含5%月桂基硫酸钠类表面活性化合物。
4.根据权利要求1的组合物,其特征在于:它在奥美拉唑活性层表面上具有一层由甘露糖醇和粘结剂组成的附加保护层。
5.根据权利要求4的组合物,其特征在于:含有甘露糖醇的奥美拉唑稀释物和附加保护层用强粘性羟丙甲基纤维素类粘结剂涂敷。
6.根据权利要求1的组合物,其特征在于:活性颗粒有一胃酸耐受外层,该层由羟丙甲基纤维素酞酸酯类的胃酸耐受材料和滑石粉组成。
7.权利要求1-6中任一项的组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:借助于在至少80%乙醇和至多20%水的混合物中的高粘度羟丙甲基纤维素类粘结剂溶液,将含有甘露糖醇和奥美拉唑的干稀释物涂敷到由糖和淀粉组成的中性颗粒上。
8.根据权利要求7的方法,其特征在于:每次涂敷干稀释物后在温度35-40℃干燥,以便将活性微粒的水含量降低到1%,乙醇含量降低到2000ppm。
9.根据权利要求7的方法,其特征在于:使用其颗粒大小为0.7-0.9mm的中性微粒。
10.根据权利要求7的方法,其特征在于:为实施涂敷活性稀释物和胃酸耐受涂层而使用平底涡(涂)轮机。
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CN1086130A (zh) 1994-05-04
FR2692146B1 (fr) 1995-06-02
FI945904A (fi) 1994-12-15
DE69308849T2 (de) 1997-09-04
FI945904A0 (fi) 1994-12-15
AU669719B2 (en) 1996-06-20
EP0646006A1 (fr) 1995-04-05
SK280198B6 (sk) 1999-09-10
RU2103995C1 (ru) 1998-02-10
CZ287260B6 (en) 2000-10-11
CZ316594A3 (en) 1995-05-17
CA2138149C (fr) 2003-08-19
ES2052458A1 (es) 1994-07-01
WO1993025204A1 (fr) 1993-12-23
GR1001535B (el) 1994-03-31
NZ253179A (en) 1996-05-28
FI111220B (fi) 2003-06-30
US5385739A (en) 1995-01-31
TJ230B (en) 1999-11-24
RU94046268A (ru) 1996-10-10
ATE149835T1 (de) 1997-03-15
SK155194A3 (en) 1997-01-08
DE69308849D1 (de) 1997-04-17
DK0646006T3 (da) 1997-10-13
AU4332193A (en) 1994-01-04
JPH07508509A (ja) 1995-09-21
KR940000106A (ko) 1994-01-03
PL172706B1 (en) 1997-11-28
MD960332A (en) 1998-03-31
ZA934266B (en) 1996-02-09
MD1472F2 (en) 2000-05-31
KR100193966B1 (ko) 1999-06-15
CA2138149A1 (fr) 1993-12-23
GEP20002015B (en) 2000-04-10
MD1472G2 (ro) 2001-01-31
EP0646006B1 (fr) 1997-03-12
JP3568950B2 (ja) 2004-09-22
MX9303612A (es) 1994-04-29
GR3023391T3 (en) 1997-08-29
ES2052458B1 (es) 1995-01-16
FR2692146A1 (fr) 1993-12-17

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