JP2006528182A - 薬学的製剤および酸に起因する消化器疾患の治療法 - Google Patents
薬学的製剤および酸に起因する消化器疾患の治療法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、プロトンポンプ阻害剤、少なくとも1種類の制酸剤、および少なくとも1種類の懸濁剤を含む薬学的製剤に関する。また、このような薬学的製剤の製造法;疾患の治療における薬学的製剤の使用法;ならびに薬学的製剤と他の治療薬の組み合わせについて記載する。なお本出願は、内容の全体が参照により本明細書に組み入れられる、2003年7月18日に出願された米国仮出願第60/488,324号の優先権を主張する。
酸に不安定な大半の薬学的化合物は、その摂取後に、薬学的活性を維持するために、酸性の胃分泌物との接触から保護されなければならない。これを達成するために、腸溶コーティングが施された組成物が、薬剤が胃の酸性環境ではなく、小腸の近位領域(十二指腸)に確実に放出されるようなpHで溶解するように設計されている。しかしながら、このような腸溶コーティングが施された組成物のpH依存性の属性、および胃内保持時間の不確実性のために、インビボにおける作用、ならびに被験者内および被験者間の両方におけるバラツキはいずれも、薬剤の制御された放出を可能とする目的で、腸溶コーティングが施された系を使用する上での大きな弱点となっている。
本発明は、改善された懸濁性、生物学的利用能、化学的安定性、物理的安定性、溶解プロファイル、崩壊時間、安全性、ならびに他の改善された薬物動態学的・薬力学的な化学的特性および/または物理的特性を有することがわかっている、少なくとも1種類のプロトンポンプ阻害剤、少なくとも1種類の制酸剤、および少なくとも1種類の懸濁剤を含む薬学的製剤に関する。本発明の薬学的製剤は、被験者への懸濁物の投与に有用である。
本発明は、少なくとも1種類のプロトンポンプ阻害剤、少なくとも1種類の制酸剤、少なくとも1種類の懸濁剤;ならびに少なくとも1種類の風味剤を含む、懸濁物の投与用の薬学的製剤を提供する。
本明細書で用いる、「〜を含む(comprising)」、「〜を含む(including)」、および「〜などの(such as)」という表現は、完全に非制限的な意味で使用される。
「プロトンポンプ阻害剤」、「PPI」、および「プロトンポンプを阻害する薬剤」という表現は、H+/K+-ATPアーゼの阻害剤としての薬理学的活性を有する、酸に不安定な任意の薬学的薬剤を表現する際に互換的に使用される場合がある。プロトンポンプ阻害剤は、遊離塩基、塩、エステル、水和物、アミド、鏡像異性体、異性体、互変異性体、プロドラッグ、または他の任意の薬理学的に適切な誘導体が治療的に活性を有する場合に、望ましいならば、遊離塩基、遊離酸、塩、エステル、水和物、無水物、アミド、鏡像異性体、異性体、互変異性体、プロドラッグ、多形体、誘導体などの形状をとる場合がある。
プロトンポンプ阻害剤の粒子の大きさは、固体投与剤形に、数多くの点で影響を及ぼす場合がある。粒子の大きさの縮小は、表面積(S)を大きくするので、粒子の大きさの縮小は、以下のNoyes-Whitney式から予想されるように、解離速度(dM/dt)の増加につながる:
dM/dt=dS/h(Cs-C)
M=溶解薬剤の質量;t=時間;D=薬剤の拡散係数;S=薬剤粒子の有効表面積;H=静止層の厚さ;Cs=飽和時の溶液濃度;ならびにC=時間tにおける溶液濃度。
本発明の薬学的組成物は1種類もしくは複数の制酸剤を含む。本発明に有用な一連の制酸剤には例えば、弱塩基または強塩基として薬理学的活性を有する制酸剤などがある。1つの態様では、制酸剤は、プロトンポンプ阻害剤とともに製剤化される際または輸送される際に(例えばその前、その間、および/またはその後に)、胃腸液によるプロトンポンプ阻害剤の酸による分解を、例えば、投与対象のプロトンポンプ阻害剤の生物学的利用能を保存するのに十分な期間、実質的に妨げるか、または阻害するように機能する。
プロトンポンプ阻害剤は、各患者の臨床条件、投与部位、投与法、投与スケジュール、および医療従事者に既知の他の因子を考慮して、優良医薬品基準(good medical practice)に準拠して投与され、また与えられる。ヒトを治療する場合は、インビボで必要とされる治療的量の薬剤を輸送し、薬剤を速やかに生物によって利用されるようにする投与剤形を提供することが重要である。本明細書に記載された投与剤形に加えて、Phillipsらの米国特許第6,489,346号に記載された投与剤形が、参照により本明細書に組み入れられる。
プロトンポンプ阻害剤には固有の苦味があるので、本発明の1つの態様では、1種類もしくは複数の風味剤が、苦味のあるプロトンポンプ阻害剤の口当たりを良くするために使用される。口当たりの良い製品の開発に用いられる「風味リーダーシップ(flavor leadership)」基準には、(1)同定対象の風味剤の影響が直ちに現れること、(2)バランスのとれた完全な風味が速やかに生じること、(3)口内感覚因子に適合すること、(4)「オフ」の風味が無いこと、ならびに(5)後味が短いことが含まれる。これについては例えば、Worthington, A Matter of Taste, Pharmaceutical Executive (April 2001)を参照されたい。本発明の薬学的製剤は、以上の1つもしくは複数の基準について改善されている。
懸濁液は、薬剤を液状で患者に提供するために使用することができる。このタイプの製剤は、固形の投与剤形の嚥下に困難を覚える患者に特に重要である。本発明は、被験者を対象とした、懸濁物の形状をした経口的投与用の、少なくとも1種類のプロトンポンプ阻害剤、少なくとも1種類の制酸剤、少なくとも1種類の懸濁剤、および少なくとも1種類の風味剤を含む薬学的製剤を提供する。
懸濁剤:懸濁物の均一性は、懸濁剤によって粘性を高めることで懸濁状態のオメプラゾール粒子の沈降を低下させることでもたらされる;および/または
湿潤剤:懸濁物の構成中に、乾燥粉末の当初の水分を高め、また懸濁物中における粒子の凝集または凝縮を防ぐのに寄与する可能性がある。
(a)各区分において、表示量の少なくとも約85%のプロトンポンプ阻害剤である;および/または
(b)区分間の%表示量値のバラツキが約10%未満である。
本発明の薬学的製剤は、所望の量のプロトンポンプ阻害剤、制酸剤、懸濁剤、および風味剤を含み、また例えば、滅菌処理された包装済みの粉末、使い切り型の粉末、および発泡性粉末などの粉末の状態をとる場合がある。本発明のこのような薬学的製剤は、従来の薬理学的な手法で製造することができる。
プロトンポンプ阻害剤、制酸剤、および賦形剤の粒子の大きさは、生物学的利用能、ブレンドの均一性、分離、および流動性に影響する可能性のある重要な因子である。一般に、より小さな粒子サイズの薬剤は、表面積が大きくなることで、薬剤の生物吸収速度が速くなり、水溶性がかなり低くなる。薬剤および賦形剤の粒子の大きさは、薬学的製剤の懸濁性にも影響する場合がある。例えば、より小さな粒子は、沈降する可能性が小さいので、良好な懸濁液が得られることになる。
本明細書に記載された粉末は、プロトンポンプ阻害剤、1種類もしくは複数の制酸剤、懸濁剤、および薬学的賦形剤を混合してバルクブレンド組成物を形成することで調製できる。このようなバルクブレンド組成物が均一であると言う場合、プロトンポンプ阻害剤、制酸剤、懸濁剤、および賦形剤が、組成物の全体に均一に分散しており、このため組成物が、同等に有効な単位投与剤形に容易に分割可能なことを意味する。個々の単位用量は、希釈剤と接触して分解されるフィルムコーティングを含む場合もある。
固体組成物、例えば錠剤、咀嚼錠、発泡性錠剤、およびカプセル剤は、マイクロカプセル化されたプロトンポンプ阻害剤を1種類もしくは複数の制酸剤および薬学的賦形剤と混合して、バルクブレンド組成物を形成させることで調製される。このようなバルクブレンド組成物が均一であると言う場合、マイクロカプセル化されたプロトンポンプ阻害剤および制酸剤は、組成物全体に均一に分散しており、このため組成物が、錠剤、丸剤、およびカプセル剤などの、同等に有効な単位投与剤形に容易に分割可能なことを意味する。個々の単位剤形は、経口摂取時に、または希釈剤との接触時に崩壊するフィルムコーティングを含む場合もある。
H+/K+-ATPアーゼの阻害剤による治療が指示される疾患、条件、または障害のある被験者の初期治療は、上述の投与量で開始することができる。治療は一般に、疾患、条件、または障害が管理されるか除去されるまで、必要に応じて数時間、数日間、または数週間〜数か月間または数年間の期間、継続される。本明細書に開示された組成物による治療を受ける被験者は、治療の有効性を判定するために、当技術分野で周知の任意の方法によるモニタリングを受けることが一般的である。このようなデータを連続的に解析することで、治療中に治療手順の変更が可能となり、本発明の化合物の最適な有効量が任意の時点で投与され、また治療期間を決定することも可能となる。このようにして、治療手順/投与スケジュールは、十分な有効性を示すH+/K+-ATPアーゼの阻害剤の最低量が投与されるように、また投与が、疾患、条件、または障害を良好に治療するのに必要な限りにおいてのみ継続されるように、治療中に合理的に修正可能な場合がある。
本発明を、いかなる様式においても制限しない以下の実施例によってさらに説明する。記載されたデータを得るための実験手順を以下に詳述する。本明細書に記載されたあらゆる製剤に関して、複数回の投与は、当技術分野で既知のように比例的に配合される場合がある。コーティング、層、およびカプセル化は、これらの目的に一般的に用いられている装置を用いて、従来の方法に応用される。
この実施例では、懸濁用のオメプラゾール+炭酸水素ナトリウム粉末(OSB-PFS)の調製について述べる。OSB-PFSの各用量は、オメプラゾールおよび炭酸水素ナトリウムを含む。OSB-PFS製剤中の炭酸水素ナトリウムは、インビボにおける活性成分オメプラゾールの酸による分解を防ぐ。
オメプラゾール
炭酸水素ナトリウム
甘味剤(群)
懸濁剤(群)
風味剤(群)
オメプラゾールおよびオメプラゾール/炭酸水素塩の懸濁物を、感覚解析の風味プロファイル(Flavor Profile)法によって評価した。試料の評価は、以下のプロトコルに従って行った。4〜6人の訓練を受けた専門の感覚パネリストが、各パネルセッションに参加した。全てのパネリストが、同じ試料のテイスティングを同時に行った。パネリストは、最大3 mlの試料を、口に10秒間含んで評価時間を設けてテイスティングを行った後に、試料のほぼ全てを口から出した。試料と試料の間には20分間のウォッシュアウト期間を設けた。この間にパネリストは、天然水と無塩クラッカーを用いて口を漱いだ。
最終投与剤形の製造は、「パワーブレンド」の製造、ならびに自動充填装置によるブレンドの各パケットへの充填および包装の2つの別個の段階を含む。
(a)成分を秤量し、20メッシュスクリーンでスクリーニング後に、別のポリエチレンバッグに移した:
(b)炭酸水素ナトリウムとオメプラゾールを、30 cu. ft. V-shellブレンダーに装填した。この材料を5分間ブレンドした。同混合物に、キシリトールおよびショ糖の一部を加え、同混合物を5分間ブレンドした。次に、事前にブレンドしておいたオメプラゾールをブレンダーから取り出して表示容器に移した。次に同材料を、#20メッシュs/sのふるいに通して、別の表示容器に受けた。一部の実験には、自動振動ふるいを使用した。次に、ショ糖、ペパーミント風味剤、モモ風味剤、スクラロース、およびキサンタンガムの一部を、5 cu. ft. V-shellブレンダー内に上記の順序で装填した。この材料を5分間ブレンドした。
この実施例では、キサンタンガムを含む場合と含まない場合における、懸濁用のオメプラゾール+炭酸水素ナトリウム粉末の懸濁性をHPLCによって決定することについて説明する。物理的検討と化学的検討の両方で得られた結果から、製剤化段階における懸濁剤としてキサンタンガムが必要なことが判明した。
カラム:150 mm×3.9 mm(USP L7 (5 μm)パッキンを使用)
ガードカラム:20 mm×3.9 mm(USP L7 (5 μm)パッキンを使用)
検出:280 nmの紫外光
カラム温度:大気温度
注入容量:20μL
流速:1 mL/分
ランタイム:15分間
移動相:70:30(v/v)=リン酸緩衝液(pH 7.0):アセトニトリル
試料の希釈液:75:25(v/v)=10 mM 四ホウ酸ナトリウム:アセトニトリル
この実施例では、OSB-PFSのオメプラゾール部分が、一般的な投与装置に吸着しないことについて説明する。
本明細書に記載された懸濁剤および湿潤剤の他に、他の例示的な懸濁剤および湿潤剤が当技術分野で既知である。これについては例えば、Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients (2000)を参照されたい。以下に、例示的な量を記載した懸濁剤および湿潤剤の部分的なリストを挙げる。
本明細書に記載されているように、材料の粒子の大きさは、懸濁物を維持する際に重要である。微粉化状プロトンポンプ阻害剤とともに使用可能な賦形剤の例を以下に挙げる。
Claims (43)
- (a)少なくとも1種類の、酸に不安定な微粉化状プロトンポンプ阻害剤;
(b)少なくとも1種類の制酸剤;および
(c)少なくとも1種類の、ガムである懸濁剤
を含む、懸濁用の粉末状薬学的製剤であって、粉末と水の混合によって実質的に均一な懸濁物が得られる、薬学的製剤。 - プロトンポンプ阻害剤が、オメプラゾール、ヒドロキシオメプラゾール、エソメプラゾール、テナトプラゾール、ランソプラゾール、パントプラゾール、ラベプラゾール、ドントプラゾール(dontoprazole)、ハベプラゾール(habeprazole)、ペルプラゾール(perprazole)、ランソプラゾール、パリプラゾール、レミノプラゾール;またはそれらの遊離塩基、遊離酸、塩、水和物、エステル、アミド、鏡像異性体、異性体、互変異性体、多形体、もしくはプロドラッグからなる群より選択される置換二環式アリール-イミダゾールである、請求項1記載の薬学的製剤。
- プロトンポンプ阻害剤が、オメプラゾール、またはそれらの遊離塩基、遊離酸、塩、水和物、エステル、アミド、鏡像異性体、異性体、互変異性体、多形体、もしくはプロドラッグである、請求項1記載の薬学的製剤。
- プロトンポンプ阻害剤が、エソメプラゾール、またはそれらの遊離塩基、遊離酸、塩、水和物、エステル、アミド、鏡像異性体、異性体、互変異性体、多形体、もしくはプロドラッグである、請求項1記載の薬学的製剤。
- プロトンポンプ阻害剤が、ランソプラゾール、またはそれらの遊離塩基、遊離酸、塩、水和物、エステル、アミド、鏡像異性体、異性体、互変異性体、多形体、もしくはプロドラッグである、請求項1記載の薬学的製剤。
- 少なくとも1種類の制酸剤が、少なくとも1種類の可溶性の制酸剤を含む、請求項1記載の薬学的製剤。
- 少なくとも1種類の制酸剤が、少なくとも約5 mEqの量で存在する、請求項1記載の薬学的製剤。
- 約500 mg〜約3000 mgの制酸剤を含む、請求項1記載の薬学的製剤。
- 壁細胞活性化剤、有機溶媒、浸食促進剤、拡散促進剤、抗酸化剤からなる群より選択される1種類または複数の賦形剤、ならびに結合剤、崩壊剤、充填剤、界面活性剤、可溶化剤、安定剤、潤滑剤、湿潤剤、凝集剤、希釈剤、抗付着剤、および消泡剤からなる群より選択される担体材料をさらに含む、請求項1記載の薬学的製剤。
- 懸濁剤がグアールガムである、請求項1記載の薬学的製剤。
- 懸濁剤がキサンタンガムである、請求項1記載の薬学的製剤。
- 約5 mg〜約200 mgの少なくとも1種類のガム懸濁剤を含む、請求項1記載の薬学的製剤。
- 少なくとも約30 mgの少なくとも1種類のガム懸濁剤を含む、請求項1記載の薬学的製剤。
- 少なくとも1種類の風味剤を含む、請求項1記載の薬学的製剤。
- 風味剤が、グリチルリチン酸モノアンモニウム、モモ風味剤、レッドフルーツ風味剤、イチゴ風味剤、サクランボ風味剤、シトラス風味剤、レモン風味剤、ライム風味剤、ペパーミント風味剤、綿飴風味剤、バニラおよびバニリン風味剤、マルトール、マシュマロ風味剤、メントール、アニス風味剤、ショ糖、スクラロース、サッカリンナトリウム、サッカリン、アスパルテーム、ネオテーム、アセスルファムカリウム、マンニトール、タリン、キシリトール、ソルビトール、およびそれらの混合物からなる群より選択される、請求項14記載の薬学的製剤。
- 風味剤が、キシリトール、ショ糖、スクラロース、モモ風味剤、およびペパーミント風味剤の混合物である、請求項14記載の薬学的製剤。
- プロトンポンプ阻害剤の初期血清濃度が、薬学的製剤の投与後約1時間以内の任意の時点で約500 ng/mlを上回る、請求項1記載の薬学的製剤。
- プロトンポンプ阻害剤の初期血清濃度が、薬学的製剤の投与後約30分以内の任意の時点で約100 ng/mlを上回る、請求項1記載の薬学的製剤。
- 薬学的製剤の投与後約15分以内に最大血清濃度に達する、請求項1記載の薬学的製剤。
- 懸濁用粉末の粒子の大きさの平均が直径約10ミクロン〜約200ミクロンである、請求項1記載の薬学的製剤。
- プロトンポンプ阻害剤粒子の少なくとも約80%が約40μm未満である、請求項1記載の薬学的製剤。
- 懸濁物が3つの等しい区分に完全に分割される場合には、薬学的製剤と水との混合の少なくとも約5分後に、各区分のプロトンポンプ阻害剤の表示量(label claim)の少なくとも約90%が存在する、請求項1記載の薬学的製剤。
- 懸濁物が3つの等しい区分に完全に分割される場合には、薬学的製剤と水との混合の少なくとも約30分後に、各区分のプロトンポンプ阻害剤の表示量の少なくとも約80%が存在する、請求項1記載の薬学的製剤。
- 懸濁物が3つの等しい区分に完全に分割される場合には、薬学的製剤と水との混合の少なくとも約1時間後に、各区分のプロトンポンプ阻害剤の表示量の少なくとも約70%が存在する、請求項1記載の薬学的製剤。
- 懸濁物が3つの等しい区分に完全に分割される場合には、薬学的製剤と水との混合の少なくとも約5分後に、各区分間における%表示量の値のバラツキが約11%未満である、請求項1記載の薬学的製剤。
- 懸濁物が3つの等しい区分に完全に分割される場合には、薬学的製剤と水との混合の少なくとも約30分後に、各区分間における%表示量の値のバラツキが約20%未満である、請求項1記載の薬学的製剤。
- (a)少なくとも1種類の、酸に不安定な微粉化状プロトンポンプ阻害剤;および
(b)少なくとも1種類の制酸剤
を含む薬学的製剤であって、以下の段階を含む方法によって作製される薬学的製剤:
(a)少なくとも1種類の制酸剤の少なくとも一部を、微粉化状プロトンポンプ阻害剤の少なくとも一部でコーティングして、第1のブレンドを形成させる段階;および
(b)第1のブレンドを、少なくとも1種類の他の賦形剤と乾燥ブレンドする段階。 - 投与剤形が、粉末、錠剤、噛むことで崩壊する(bite-disintegration)錠剤、咀嚼錠、カプレット、カプセル、発泡性粉末、高速崩壊錠、または粉末から産生される水性懸濁物からなる群より選択される、請求項27記載の薬学的製剤。
- 投与剤形が懸濁用の粉末である、請求項27記載の薬学的製剤。
- プロトンポンプ阻害剤が、オメプラゾール、ヒドロキシオメプラゾール、エソメプラゾール、テナトプラゾール、ランソプラゾール、パントプラゾール、ラベプラゾール、ドントプラゾール、ハベプラゾール、ペルプラゾール、ランソプラゾール、パリプラゾール、レミノプラゾール;またはそれらの遊離塩基、遊離酸、塩、水和物、エステル、アミド、鏡像異性体、異性体、互変異性体、多形体、もしくはプロドラッグからなる群より選択される置換二環式アリール-イミダゾールである、請求項27記載の薬学的製剤。
- プロトンポンプ阻害剤が、オメプラゾール、またはそれらの遊離塩基、遊離酸、塩、水和物、エステル、アミド、鏡像異性体、異性体、互変異性体、多形体、もしくはプロドラッグである、請求項27記載の薬学的製剤。
- プロトンポンプ阻害剤が、エソメプラゾール、またはそれらの遊離塩基、遊離酸、塩、水和物、エステル、アミド、鏡像異性体、異性体、互変異性体、多形体、もしくはプロドラッグである、請求項27記載の薬学的製剤。
- プロトンポンプ阻害剤が、ランソプラゾール、またはそれらの遊離塩基、遊離酸、塩、水和物、エステル、アミド、鏡像異性体、異性体、互変異性体、多形体、もしくはプロドラッグである、請求項27記載の薬学的製剤。
- 少なくとも1種類の制酸剤が、少なくとも1種類の可溶性の制酸剤を含む、請求項27記載の薬学的製剤。
- 可溶性の制酸剤が炭酸水素ナトリウムである、請求項27記載の薬学的製剤。
- 少なくとも1種類の制酸剤が、少なくとも約5 mEqの量で存在する、請求項27記載の薬学的製剤。
- 約500 mg〜約3000 mgの制酸剤を含む、請求項27記載の薬学的製剤。
- 壁細胞活性化剤、有機溶媒、浸食促進剤、拡散促進剤、抗酸化剤からなる群より選択される1つまたは複数の賦形剤、ならびに結合剤、崩壊剤、充填剤、界面活性剤、可溶化剤、安定剤、潤滑剤、湿潤剤、凝集剤、希釈剤、抗付着剤、および消泡剤からなる群より選択される担体材料をさらに含む、請求項27記載の薬学的製剤。
- 少なくとも1種類の風味剤を含む、請求項27記載の薬学的製剤。
- 第1のブレンドの粒子の大きさの平均が直径約10ミクロン〜約200ミクロンである、請求項27記載の薬学的製剤。
- プロトンポンプ阻害剤粒子の少なくとも約80%が約40μm未満である、請求項27記載の薬学的製剤。
- 請求項1記載の薬学的製剤の投与により、治療を必要とする被験者における酸関連消化器疾患を治療する方法。
- 請求項27記載の薬学的製剤の投与により、治療を必要とする被験者における酸関連消化器疾患を治療する方法。
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- 2004-07-16 CA CA2531566A patent/CA2531566C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-07-16 MX MXPA06000524A patent/MXPA06000524A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2004-07-16 US US10/893,092 patent/US20050031700A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-07-16 WO PCT/US2004/023044 patent/WO2005007117A2/en active Search and Examination
- 2004-07-16 EP EP04778512A patent/EP1648417A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-07-16 AR ARP040102531A patent/AR045061A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-07-16 TW TW093121363A patent/TWI337877B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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2010
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2011
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2014
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Also Published As
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MXPA06000524A (es) | 2006-08-11 |
TWI337877B (en) | 2011-03-01 |
AU2004257864A1 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
US20050031700A1 (en) | 2005-02-10 |
AU2011200642A1 (en) | 2011-03-10 |
WO2005007117A2 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
WO2005007117A3 (en) | 2005-06-16 |
US20100297220A1 (en) | 2010-11-25 |
AU2011200642B2 (en) | 2014-06-26 |
EP1648417A4 (en) | 2010-01-20 |
TW200524637A (en) | 2005-08-01 |
US20140370104A1 (en) | 2014-12-18 |
CA2531566C (en) | 2013-05-07 |
EP1648417A2 (en) | 2006-04-26 |
AR045061A1 (es) | 2005-10-12 |
CA2531566A1 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
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