CN105052657B - A kind of method of the spray greenhouse cuttage of fast-growing elm - Google Patents

A kind of method of the spray greenhouse cuttage of fast-growing elm Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105052657B
CN105052657B CN201510472411.5A CN201510472411A CN105052657B CN 105052657 B CN105052657 B CN 105052657B CN 201510472411 A CN201510472411 A CN 201510472411A CN 105052657 B CN105052657 B CN 105052657B
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cuttage
growing
spray
fast
greenhouse
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CN105052657A (en
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陈光玲
王廷敞
朱友振
邵云华
陈昊天
朱友珍
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Sixian Beautiful Gardening Farmer Professional Cooperatives
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Sixian Beautiful Gardening Farmer Professional Cooperatives
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/14Greenhouses
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of method of the spray greenhouse cuttage of fast-growing elm, comprise the following steps:The preparation in cuttage pond;Cuttings makes;Chemicals treatment;Cuttage;Greenhouse management after cuttage:Shading, water spray, temperature control, preventing and treating pest and disease damage, transplanting.Cuttage is carried out using the present invention, the survival rate of fast-growing elm more than 90% can be reached, rooting rate can also reach more than 90%, and the fast-growing elm death rate is only, less than 10%, effectively to realize a wide range of breeding of fast-growing elm.

Description

A kind of method of the spray greenhouse cuttage of fast-growing elm
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of tree cuttage reproduction technique, more particularly to a kind of fast-growing elm spray greenhouse cuttage Method.
Background technology
Fast-growing elm is deciduous tree, up to 25m, diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 1m.Tree crown spheroidal.Sprig is hairless or hairiness, yellowish grey, light Taupe gray or grey, dilute light isabelline or yellow have scattered hole skin, without the phellem layer expanded and the cork wing of projection.Elliptic leaf Shape is avette or ellipticity lanceolar, and tip is sharp or tapering, and base portion is wedge-shaped on one side, nearly circle on one side, and leaf margin irregularly weighs sawtooth or list Tooth, hairless or arteries and veins internal organs is micro- fasciation pubescence, and old leaf quality is thicker.Flowers give birth to.Samara subcircular, yellow-white when ripe is hairless.Spend 3 ~April, elder generation's leaf was opened;Really ripe 4~June.
The characteristics of fast-growing elm is:
1st, fast growth.Common annual only 1.5 meters or so of the seedling growth height of American elm, and fast-growing elm cuttage seeding one Year, growing height was up to 3.5 meters or so.Planting Fast-growing elm fast-growing andhigh-yeilding trees, year, breast diameter growth amount was up to more than 3.5 centimetres, 6 years raw chests 22 centimetres of footpath average out to, reaches as high as 29 centimetres.
2nd, Salt And Alkali Tolerance.The arbor species of general coastal region most Salt And Alkali Tolerance are Chinese wax, and Salt And Alkali Tolerance is up to 4.5 ‰, and fast-growing Elm Salt And Alkali Tolerance is up to 5~6 ‰, P in soil H values 8~9.
3rd, resistance.Common American elm is eliminated year by year because pest and disease damage is more, growth slow, and fast-growing elm is sieved by Resistant Choosing, has stronger resistance to pest and disease damage.Additionally there is the good characteristic such as drought-enduring, cold-resistant, barren-resistant.
4th, it is applied widely.It can plant extensively in areas such as China northeast, North China, northwest, East China, Central China, southwest.
5th, afforestation purposes is more.Due to its fast-growing, salt resistance alkali, resistance, tree-like good, coast protection forest can be widely used for The afforestation projects such as engineering, timber reserve strategic base, the Yellow River shelter-forest project, Plain afforestation project, city trees and shrubs engineering Use.
6th, material is good.Timber heavily fortified point weight, hardness is moderate, and mechanical strength is high, glossy, has decorative pattern, possesses toughness by force, turning around property Can be good, it is that shipbuilding, building, interior decoration floor, the first-class of furniture excellent use material the advantages of wear-resisting, corrosion resistant.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of side of the spray greenhouse cuttage of fast-growing elm Method, realizes the fast-growing elm breeding of simple possible.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:The present invention comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation in cuttage pond
Cuttage pond is made in greenhouse, after bottom is smooth, river sand is spread as cutting medium;
(2) cuttings makes
In 5~October, seedling or 1~2 age elite stand base portion side secateurs take the branch of semi-lignified then for selection, from the tip Portion or branch with the side tip do cuttings;
(3) chemicals treatment
Cuttings will be cut to be bundled into after bundle immediately with after 50% 800 times of carbendazim decoctions immersion 1~5 minute, be put into Soak in 3~8 minutes, or 300PPM methyl α-naphthyl acetate NAA root-growing agents and soak 8~15 minutes in 300PPM ABT root-growing agents;
(4) cuttage
The KMnO that mass concentration is 0.1% will be sprayed in cuttage pond4Cuttings is inserted after solution, cuttage depth is 3~4cm, Cuttage spacing is 4~6cm;
(5) the greenhouse management after cuttage
(51) shading
The sunshade net that one layer of light transmittance is 60~80%, the 3rd~4 day 10 AM of cuttage are covered on the greenhouse of cuttage Sunshade net is removed before and after 5 PM, is during which kept after 3000~5000LX intensities of illumination, cuttage 5 days, is all removed Remove sunshade net;
(52) spray water
Atomizing spray, before taking root, fine day is spaced for 2~3 minutes, is sprayed water 5 seconds, and cloudy day and rainy day, time interval will extend By 10~20 minutes, in canopy 90% or so humidity is kept;After taking root, fine day water spraying time interval 4~6 minutes, cloudy and rain 80% or so humidity in its water spraying time interval 20~40 minutes, holding canopy;
(53) temperature control
Sand basin takes root temperature for 22~28 DEG C or so, less than 15 DEG C or higher than 30 DEG C, is heated or is cooled;
(54) pest and disease damage is prevented and treated
One time 50% 1000 times of decoctions of carbendazim, controlling disease are sprayed weekly;
(55) transplant
After cuttage one month, when root system colour-darkening is brown, is transplanted, gently scooped up with scuppit during transplanting, band The grains of sand of upper root, are transplanted into nutrition cup;Nutrition Soil composition in nutrition cup is example 4 by volume:4:1:The yellow mud of 1 mixing Soil, mushroom residue, river sand, organic fertilizer, the seedling after transplanting will shelter from heat or light 4~5 days, keep 90% humidity, then remove sunshade net, 70~80% humidity are kept, canopy can be gone out by transplanting latter month.
In the step (1), spread above the thick blindings of one layer of 4~5cm, blinding and uniformly spread in the bottom in cuttage pond Distance is 80cm between adjacent shower nozzle in installation spray system in the thick clean river sands of 10~15cm, cuttage pond, spray system.
Made in the step (4), before cuttage and follow closely 4~6cm of distance between nail on the wide nail-plates of 50cm, nail-plate, used Nail-plate concora crush in sand basin, is clutched after forming the cutting hole of standard, insertion cuttings from cuttings base portion.
In the step (2), the branch thick of cuttings is 0.15~0.3cm, and 12~15cm of length, upper cut is cut flat, under Otch is cut into angle.
In the step (52), water spraying time is from 7:00 to 18:30, night does not spray water.
In the step (53), heating is realized by being capped small arched shed;Cooling is divulged information by greenhouse, or the wall that adds water realizes drop Temperature.
In the step (54), imidacloprid, cypermethrin are sprayed in time in the case of having worm.
The present invention selects river sand as matrix, economical and practical, and the condition of cuttage, water conservation, ventilation can be met again.From taper Or the branch cutting with the side tip, survival rate is high, while the appropriate root-promoting hormone of configuration, when modulation optimal concentration and optimal processing Between, it is ensured that can smoothly it take root.
The present invention has advantages below compared with prior art:Cuttage is carried out using the present invention, fast-growing elm 90% can be reached Survival rate above, rooting rate can also reach more than 90%, and the fast-growing elm death rate is only, less than 10%, effectively to realize speed The a wide range of breeding of raw elm.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention are elaborated below, the present embodiment is carried out lower premised on technical solution of the present invention Implement, give detailed embodiment and specific operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following implementations Example.
The process that implements of the present embodiment is:
Comprise the following steps:
(1) preparation in cuttage pond
Cuttage pond is made in greenhouse, after bottom is smooth, the thick blindings of one layer of 4~5cm are spread in the bottom in cuttage pond, it is broken Above stone it is uniform spread in installation spray system in the thick clean river sands of 10~15cm, cuttage pond, spray system adjacent shower nozzle it Between distance be 80cm;Matrix is done from river sand, it can be ensured that moisturizing, ventilation, will not be rotten, while low cost, convenient to select.
(2) cuttings makes
In 5~October, seedling or 1~2 age elite stand base portion side secateurs take the branch of semi-lignified then for selection, from the tip Portion or branch with the side tip do cuttings;The branch thick of cuttings is 0.15~0.3cm, and 12~15cm of length, upper cut is cut flat, under Otch is cut into angle.
(3) chemicals treatment
Cuttings will be cut and be bundled into bundle, often bundle there are 100 or so, soaked immediately after with 50% 800 times of decoctions of carbendazim After 2 minutes, it is put into soak in 5 minutes, or 300PPM methyl α-naphthyl acetate (NAA) root-growing agent in 300PPM ABT root-growing agents and soaks 10 minutes;
The concentration of ABT root-inducing powders and methyl α-naphthyl acetate (NAA) is from 100~1000PPM in the present embodiment, soak time from 3 seconds to Test successively within 12 hours, determine and optimal realize condition.
(4) cuttage
Made before cuttage on the wide nail-plates of 50cm, nail-plate between nail and nail apart from 5cm, using nail-plate in sand basin concora crush, The cutting hole of formation standard, will spray the KMnO that mass concentration is 0.1% in cuttage pond4Cuttings, cuttage depth are inserted after solution For 3~4cm, cuttage spacing is 5cm;Clutched after insertion cuttings from cuttings base portion.
Spray KMnO4Solution is used for sterilizing, simple and easy to get.Made marks simultaneously using nail-plate in sand basin, can use up can The manually-operated uncertain factor of reduction of energy, it is ensured that the distance of cuttage is controllable.
(5) the greenhouse management after cuttage
(51) shading
Before the sunshade net that one layer of light transmittance of covering is 70% on the greenhouse of cuttage, the 3rd~4 day 10 AM of cuttage And sunshade net is removed after 5 PM, during which keep after 3000~5000LX intensities of illumination, cuttage 5 days, all remove screening Screened postive;
(52) spray water
Sprayed water using electronic valve automatic atomising, before taking root, fine day is spaced for 2~3 minutes, is sprayed water 5 seconds, cloudy day and rainy day, Time interval will be extended to 10~20 minutes, keep in canopy 90% or so humidity;After taking root, fine day water spraying time interval 4~6 Minute, cloudy day and rainy day water spraying time interval 20~40 minutes, keep in canopy 80% or so humidity;Water spraying time is from 7:00 arrives 18:30, night does not spray water.
(53) temperature control
Sand basin takes root temperature for 22~28 DEG C or so, less than 15 DEG C or higher than 30 DEG C, is heated or is cooled;Heating passes through Small arched shed is capped to realize;Cooling is divulged information by greenhouse, or the wall that adds water realizes cooling.
(54) pest and disease damage is prevented and treated
One time 50% 1000 times of decoctions of carbendazim, controlling disease are sprayed weekly;Pyrrole worm is sprayed in the case of having worm in time Quinoline, cypermethrin.
(55) transplant
After cuttage one month, when root system colour-darkening is brown, is transplanted, gently scooped up with scuppit during transplanting, band The grains of sand of upper root, are transplanted into nutrition cup;Nutrition Soil composition in nutrition cup is example 4 by volume:4:1:The yellow mud of 1 mixing Soil, mushroom residue, river sand, organic fertilizer, the seedling after transplanting will shelter from heat or light 4~5 days, keep 90% humidity, then remove sunshade net, 70~80% humidity are kept, canopy can be gone out by transplanting latter month.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within refreshing and principle etc., should be included in the scope of the protection.

Claims (7)

1. the method for the spray greenhouse cuttage of a kind of fast-growing elm, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) preparation in cuttage pond
Cuttage pond is made in greenhouse, after bottom is smooth, river sand is spread as cutting medium;
(2) cuttings makes
In 5~October, seedling or 1~2 age elite stand base portion side secateurs take the branch of semi-lignified then for selection, from taper or Branch with the side tip does cuttings;
(3) chemicals treatment
Cuttings will be cut to be bundled into after bundle immediately with after 50% 800 times of carbendazim decoctions immersion 1~5 minute, be put into 300PPM's Soak in 3~8 minutes, or 300PPM methyl α-naphthyl acetate NAA root-growing agents and soak 8~15 minutes in ABT root-growing agents;
(4) cuttage
The KMnO that mass concentration is 0.1% will be sprayed in cuttage pond4Cuttings is inserted after solution, cuttage depth is 3~4cm, between cuttage Away from for 4~6cm;
(5) the greenhouse management after cuttage
(5.1) shading
Before the sunshade net that one layer of light transmittance of covering is 60~80% on the greenhouse of cuttage, the 3rd~4 day 10 AM of cuttage And sunshade net is removed after 5 PM, during which keep after 3000~5000LX intensities of illumination, cuttage 5 days, all remove screening Screened postive;
(5.2) spray water
Atomizing spray, before taking root, fine day is spaced for 2~3 minutes, is sprayed water 5 seconds, and cloudy day and rainy day, time interval will extend to 10 ~20 minutes, keep canopy in 90% or so humidity;After taking root, fine day water spraying time interval 4~6 minutes, cloudy day and rainy day spray 80% or so humidity in water time interval 20~40 minutes, holding canopy;
(5.3) temperature control
Sand basin takes root temperature for 22~28 DEG C, less than 15 DEG C or higher than 30 DEG C, is heated or is cooled;
(5.4) pest and disease damage is prevented and treated
One time 50% 1000 times of decoctions of carbendazim, controlling disease are sprayed weekly;
(5.5) transplant
After cuttage one month, when root system colour-darkening is brown, is transplanted, gently scooped up with scuppit during transplanting, take root The grains of sand in portion, are transplanted into nutrition cup;Nutrition Soil composition in nutrition cup is example 4 by volume:4:1:The yellow soil of 1 mixing, Mushroom residue, river sand, organic fertilizer, the seedling after transplanting will shelter from heat or light 4~5 days, keep 90% humidity, then remove sunshade net, protect 70~80% humidity are held, canopy can be gone out by transplanting latter month.
2. a kind of method of the spray greenhouse cuttage of fast-growing elm according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step (1) in, spread in the bottom in cuttage pond above the thick blindings of one layer of 4~5cm, blinding and uniformly spread 10~15cm thickness totally Distance is 80cm between adjacent shower nozzle in installation spray system, spray system in river sand, cuttage pond.
3. a kind of method of the spray greenhouse cuttage of fast-growing elm according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step (4) 4~6cm of distance between nail and nail is made on the wide nail-plates of 50cm, nail-plate in, before cuttage, using nail-plate in sand basin concora crush, Clutched after the cutting hole of formation standard, insertion cuttings from cuttings base portion.
4. a kind of method of the spray greenhouse cuttage of fast-growing elm according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step (2) in, the branch thick of cuttings is 0.15~0.3cm, and 12~15cm of length, upper cut is cut flat, and lower cut is cut into angle.
5. a kind of method of the spray greenhouse cuttage of fast-growing elm according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step (5.2) in, water spraying time is from 7:00 to 18:30, night does not spray water.
6. a kind of method of the spray greenhouse cuttage of fast-growing elm according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step (5.3) in, heating is realized by being capped small arched shed;Cooling is divulged information by greenhouse, or the wall that adds water realizes cooling.
7. a kind of method of the spray greenhouse cuttage of fast-growing elm according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step (5.4) in, imidacloprid, cypermethrin are sprayed in time in the case of having worm.
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CN106386099A (en) * 2016-08-31 2017-02-15 安徽森苗园艺科技有限公司 Greenhouse twig cutting method for fast-growing Catalpa
CN107548994A (en) * 2017-10-31 2018-01-09 安徽森苗园艺科技有限公司 A kind of stiff wood greenhouse cottage method of fast-growing Chinese tallow tree
CN109220452A (en) * 2018-09-06 2019-01-18 安徽省林业科学研究院 A kind of method of ulmus elongata shoot cutting container nursery
CN112492993A (en) * 2020-12-01 2021-03-16 泗县美丽园艺农民专业合作社 Method for hard branch greenhouse cuttage of elms with straight rods

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