CN105026336A - Ptc热敏电阻陶瓷组合物以及ptc热敏电阻元件 - Google Patents
Ptc热敏电阻陶瓷组合物以及ptc热敏电阻元件 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 24
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002772 conduction electron Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 101100513612 Microdochium nivale MnCO gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001339 alkali metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- BSWGGJHLVUUXTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Ag] BSWGGJHLVUUXTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明的目的在于提供一种不使用Pb而使居里点移动到高于120℃的高温侧,即使是在大气中进行烧成也容易半导体化,常温比电阻小,并且经时变化小的钛酸钡系PTC热敏电阻陶瓷组合物。本发明所涉及的PTC热敏电阻陶瓷组合物的特征在于:具备以由下述通式(1)表示的钛酸钡类化合物作为主成分的烧结体。式(1):(Ba1-x-y-wBixAyREw)α(Ti1-zTMz)O3,其中1.02y≤x≤1.5y;0.007≤y≤0.125;0≤(w+z)≤0.01;0.97≤α≤1.06;所述烧结体中,以相对于1mol的Ti位点按元素换算为0.01mol以上且小于0.05mol的比例含有Ca。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及被用于加热器元件和过热检测传感器的PTC热敏电阻陶瓷组合物以及PTC热敏电阻元件。
背景技术
作为热敏电阻,已知具有正的电阻温度特性的PTC(PositiveTemperature coefficient)热敏电阻。该PTC热敏电阻由于其电阻相对于温度的上升而增加,所以被作为自控型发热体、过电流保护元件以及温度传感器等来利用。一直以来,PTC热敏电阻是一种将微量的稀土元素等添加于主成分的钛酸钡(BaTiO3)中并使其半导体化的热敏电阻,其在居里温度以下为低电阻,但是在居里温度以上电阻会有几个数量级的急剧高阻抗化。
钛酸钡的居里温度一般大约为120℃,通过用Sr或Sn来置换Ba的一部分能使居里温度向低温侧移动。但是,对于向居里温度的高温侧的移动来说,现状是以Pb来置换Ba的一部分,而从降低全球环境负荷的潮流出发,也寻求不使用Pb的替代材料的实用化。
在下述专利文献1中公开了一种PTC热敏电阻的制造方法,其中向用(BiNa)而非Pb来置换Ba的一部分而构成Ba1-2x(BiNa)xTiO3(0<x≤0.15)的结构的组合物中,添加Nb、Ta或者稀土元素中的任意一种以上从而在氮中进行烧结之后在氧化性气氛中进行热处理。
另外,在下述专利文献2中公开了一种非Pb类的PTC热敏电阻,其中以BamTiO3类组合物作为主成分,并进行调配使得A位点和B位点的摩尔比m成为1.001≤m≤1.01,并且构成A位点的Ba的一部分被Na、Bi、Ca以及稀土元素置换,且在将所述A位点设定为1摩尔时所述Ca的含量以摩尔比换算为0.05~0.20,将这样的结构的组合物在氮气气氛中烧结而得到该非Pb类的PTC热敏电阻。
进一步,在下述专利文献3中公开了一种不使用Pb的PTC热敏电阻陶瓷组合物,其中,含有Ba、Ti、Bi、O的各元素作为必需元素,并且含有一种以上的一价碱金属,一价碱金属相对于Bi的摩尔比X2为0.65≤X2≤1.59,Nb的含量为480ppm以下,并且Sb、Ta、各个稀土元素的含量分别为10ppm以下。
关于上述任一个专利文献,都记载了不使用Pb而得到使居里点移动到高于120℃的高温侧的PTC热敏电阻,该PTC热敏电阻常温比电阻小并且常温比电阻和超过居里点上升的电阻的变化幅度(以下为了方便而称之为“PTC突跳”)大的PTC热敏电阻。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开昭56-169301号公报
专利文献2:国际公开号WO2010/067867A1公报
专利文献3:日本特开2008-63188号公报
发明内容
发明想要解决的技术问题
在上述专利文献1的实施例中,记载有在成为Ba1-2x(BiNa)xTiO3(0<x≤0.15)的结构的组合物中添加Nd从而在氮气氛中烧结之后,在氧化性气氛中进行热处理的结果,但是对于添加其他半导体化剂的情况则没有详细的记载,对于特性有无提高或程度也不清楚。另外,由于在大气中的烧成中不能实现半导体化,所以与在大气中烧成的情况相比,存在制造成本变高的问题。
另外,在上述的专利文献2的实施例中,示出了在氮气氛中烧成并以(Ba1-w-x-y-zNawBixCayLaz)mTiO3+0.00025Mn[1.001≤m≤1.01,0.05≤y≤0.20,0.02≤(w+x)≤0.2,0.0005≤z≤0.015]表示的不含Pb的PTC热敏电阻,但是由于在大气中的烧成不能实现半导体化,所以与在大气中进行烧成的情况相比,存在制造成本变高的问题。
另外,对于上述专利文献3,记载有使用一价碱金属相对于Bi的摩尔比X1为1.03≤X1≤3.16的PTC热敏电阻用配合材料,而在大气或还原性气氛中的任一种气氛中烧成一价碱金属相对于Bi的摩尔比X2为0.65≤X2≤1.59的PTC热敏电阻烧结体。
然而,如果对PTC热敏电阻通电并作为加热器来使用的话,则会有比电阻发生变化等在经时变化上产生问题的可能性。
本发明是鉴于上述实际情况而完成的钛酸钡系的PTC热敏电阻,并且是一种不使用Pb而使居里点向高于120℃的高温侧移动的PTC热敏电阻,目的在于提供一种在大气中或者在氮气氛中的任一种气氛中烧成都容易半导体化,并且常温比电阻小而且经时变化小的PTC热敏电阻陶瓷组合物以及PTC热敏电阻。
解决技术问题的手段
本发明者们为了解决上述技术问题而进行了各种探讨,其结果为通过在钛酸钡系的PTC热敏电阻中,在规定范围内以Bi以及碱金属A(Na或者K)而非Pb来置换Ba的一部分,并且将Ba位点/Ti位点的摩尔比以及Ca的添加量控制在规定的范围内,从而能够得到在大气中或者在氮气氛中的任一种气氛中进行烧成都容易半导体化,并且常温比电阻低且居里点向高于120℃的高温侧移动的PTC热敏电阻。另外,即使作为加热器元件来使用也能够减小经时变化。
本发明人认为作为发挥这样的特性的理由,是通过将Bi与碱金属A(Na或者K)的比率做成Bi过剩,从而过剩的Bi促使半导体化并且作为烧结助剂促使适度的晶粒生长,作为结果,在大气中或者在氮气氛中的任一种气氛中进行烧成都能够获得低电阻的PTC热敏电阻。另外,由于通过将Ba位点/Ti位点的摩尔比控制在规定的范围内从而能够抑制异常晶粒生长,进一步通过将Ca的添加量控制在规定范围从而能够抑制碱金属A析出到晶粒晶界,并且能够抑制通电时碱金属A离子的移动,从而作为结果认为能够获得经时变化小的PTC热敏电阻。但是,对于半导体化的机理并不限定于此。
即,本发明是一种PTC热敏电阻陶瓷组合物,其特征在于,如果将Ti位点设定为1mol,则具备将由下述通式(1)表示的钛酸钡类化合物作为主成分的烧结体,
(Ba1-x-y-wBixAyREw)α(Ti1-zTMz)O3 (1)
在上述通式(1)中,上述A为选自Na或K中的至少一种元素,
上述RE为选自Y、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Gd、Dy以及Er中的至少一种元素,
上述TM为选自V、Nb以及Ta中的至少一种元素,w、x、y、z、(都是mol)以及α(Ba位点/Ti位点的摩尔比)满足下述式(2)~(5),
1.02y≤x≤1.5y (2)
0.007≤y≤0.125 (3)
0≤(w+z)≤0.01 (4)
0.97≤α≤1.06 (5)
上述烧结体以按元素换算为0.01mol以上且小于0.05mol的比例含有Ca。
另外,上述PTC热敏电阻陶瓷组合物进一步优选以相对于1mol的Ti位点按元素换算为0.035mol以下的比例含有Si。通过在上述范围内含有Si,从而会有经时变化减少的效果。
另外,上述PTC热敏电阻陶瓷组合物中,进一步优选相对于1mol的Ti位点按元素换算以0.0015mol以下的比例含有Mn。通过在上述范围内含有Mn从而就会有提高PTC突跳的效果。
另外,对于上述PTC热敏电阻陶瓷组合物中的A来说,进一步优选含有Na和K两者,并且Na/K的摩尔比为6/4以上且9/1以下。在Na/K的摩尔比成为上述范围内的情况下,常温比电阻的低电阻化效果会进一步提高。
进一步,本发明是一种PTC热敏电阻元件,其具备使用上述PTC热敏电阻陶瓷组合物来形成的陶瓷素体和被形成于上述陶瓷素体的表面上的电极。
发明的效果
根据本发明,在钛酸钡系的PTC热敏电阻中,能够得到在大气中或者在氮气氛中的任意一种气氛中进行烧成都容易半导体化,并且25℃的比电阻低至103Ωcm以下,经时变化(25℃电阻变化率)小至20%以下,并且居里点移动到高于120℃的高温侧的PTC热敏电阻。
具体实施方式
本发明所涉及的组合物是一种以相对于1mol的Ti位点,由摩尔比计组合物由下述式(1)表示的物质作为主成分,并且进一步含有Ca作为副成分的组合物。
(Ba1-x-y-wBixAyREw)α(Ti1-zTMz)O3 (1)
[其中,A为选自Na或K中的至少一种元素,RE为选自Y、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Gd、Dy以及Er中的至少一种元素,TM为选自V、Nb以及Ta中的至少一种元素。]
在上述通式(1)中,分别表示用Bi、A、RE置换Ba位点的一部分的量、用TM置换Ti位点的一部分的量、进而Ba位点与Ti位点之比的w、x、y、z以及α满足下述式(2)~(5)。但是,RE对Ba位点的置换以及TM对Ti位点的置换是任意的。
1.02y≤x≤1.5y (2)
0.007≤y≤0.125 (3)
0≤(w+z)≤0.01 (4)
0.97≤α≤1.06 (5)
进一步,对于由(1)表示的组合物,以按元素换算为0.01mol以上且小于0.05mol的比例含有Ca。
另外,上述PTC热敏电阻陶瓷组合物进一步优选以相对于1mol的Ti位点按元素进行换算为0.035mol以下的比例含有Si,更加优选0.005mol以上且0.02mol以下。因为在晶粒晶界上析出的Si与同样在晶粒晶界上微量析出的碱金属A形成化合物并且能够抑制通电时的碱金属A离子的移动,所以有经时变化减少效果。但是,如果Si超过0.035mol,则过剩的Si元素会大量偏析于晶粒晶界,妨碍传导电子的移动从而会有25℃的比电阻稍稍变差的倾向。
另外,上述PTC热敏电阻陶瓷组合物中,进一步优选以相对于Ti位点按元素换算为0.0015mol以下的比例含有Mn。更加优选为0.0005mol以上且0.001mol以下。通过在上述范围内含有Mn从而在晶粒晶界形成适当的受主能级,并有提高PTC突跳的效果。但是,如果Mn超过0.0015mol,则传导电子的陷阱过剩,会有25℃的比电阻稍稍变差的倾向。
在通式(1)中,A为选自Na或K中的至少一种元素,Bi元素的成分范围x与A的成分范围y有关,优选范围为1.02y≤x≤1.5y。如果x小于1.02y,则电阻变化率会超过20%并且经时变化大。另外,如果x超过1.5y的话则过剩的Bi元素会大量偏析于晶粒晶界,并且妨碍传导电子的移动,从而25℃的比电阻会超过103Ωcm,因而不优选。
另外,在上述化学式(compositional formula)中,A的成分范围y优选为0.007≤y≤0.125。如果y小于0.007,则居里点不会向高温侧移动。另外,如果y超过0.125,则因为半导体化变得不充分,并且25℃的比电阻会超过103Ωcm,因而不优选。
另外,在上述碱金属元素A为Na的情况下和在其为K的情况下,居里点向高温侧的移动量不同,但是25℃的比电阻或电阻变化率基本相同。
另外,对于上述碱金属元素化合物中的A,优选含有Na和K两者,并且Na/K的摩尔比为6/4以上且9/1以下的范围。在Na/K的摩尔比成为上述范围内的情况下,能够进一步减小25℃的比电阻。
另外,在上述化学式中,对于作为施主(donor)成分的RE以及TM的总量(w+z),如果是0.01以下,则会有比电阻减少效果以及经时变化减少效果,但是也可以完全不含有。还有,在考虑25℃的比电阻、PTC突跳、经时变化以及各自的平衡的情况下,进一步优选0.001mol以上且0.005mol以下。另外,如果(w+z)超过0.01,未固溶元素偏析于晶界从而妨碍传导电子的移动,并会有25℃的比电阻减少效果以及经时变化较少效果变小的倾向。另外,作为RE,进一步优选选自Sm、Gd、Er,作为TM进一步优选Nb。进而,进一步优选各以等量添加上述RE(Sm、Gd、Er)和TM(Nb)。通过上述施主种类以及添加方法,比电阻减少效果提高。
另外,在上述化学式中,α(Ba位点/Ti位点的摩尔比)为0.97≤α≤1.06。如果α小于0.97,电阻变化率会超过20%并且经时变化大。另外,如果α超过1.06,则由于烧结密度降低并且25℃的比电阻超过103Ωcm,所以不优选。通过优选1.01≤α≤1.03的范围从而就能够进一步减小25℃的比电阻。
另外,相对于上述化学式,作为副成分添加的Ca的成分范围优选为0.01mol以上且小于0.05mol。如果Ca的成分范围小于0.01mol,则半导体化变得不充分,并且25℃的比电阻超过103Ωcm,因而不优选。另外,如果Ca的成分范围为0.05mol以上,则烧结密度降低并且25℃的比电阻超过103Ωcm,因此不优选。优选通过将Ca的成分控制在0.03mol以上且0.04mol以下的范围,从而能够进一步减小25℃的比电阻。
本发明的组合物通过混合含有构成上述化学式的各元素的化合物,预烧,并粉碎该预烧成粉之后,添加胶粘剂来造粉并成形,之后脱胶并进行烧成从而得到。上述烧成在大气或者氮气气氛中的任意一种气氛中都能够进行,但是由于在氮气氛中烧成的情况下,有必要进一步在800~1000℃度的氧化性气氛中进行热处理,所以从工序简单化的观点出发优选在大气中进行烧成。
另外,本发明中的PTC突跳能够通过下述式(6)来计算。由下述式(6)计算出的值越大则PTC突跳越大并且在PTC特性方面表现优异。另外,式(6)中的Rmax是电阻-温度特性中的最大电阻值,Rmin是最小电阻值。
PTC突跳=Log10(Rmax/Rmin),单位:位数 (6)
实施例
以下基于实施例以及比较例来进一步具体说明本发明,但是本发明完全不限定于以下的实施例。
[实施例1(样品号1~77),比较例1~29]
作为起始原料准备BaCO3、TiO2、Bi2O3、Na2CO3、K2CO3、CaCO3、SiO2、MnCO3、RE的氧化物(例如Y2O3)、TM的氧化物(例如Nb2O5),称取各原料至烧结后的组成成为表1~8所示之后,使用球磨机在丙酮中进行湿式混合,之后进行干燥并在900℃下进行2小时的预烧。
使用球磨机在纯水中将上述预烧体进行湿式粉碎,之后进行脱水干燥,使用聚乙烯醇等胶粘剂来将其进行造粒并获得了造粒粉体。由单轴压机来将该造粒粉体成型成圆柱状(直径17mm×厚度1.0mm),在大气气氛中以1200℃下进行2个小时的烧成并获得烧结体。
用丝网印刷将Ag-Zn膏体涂布于上述烧结体的双面,并在大气中在500~700℃下进行烧附,之后从25℃到280℃进行了比电阻的温度测定。进一步,将试样放入25℃的恒温槽内,进行13V、1000小时的通电试验,并测定试验后的25℃的比电阻,与试验前相比求得电阻变化率,并调查了经时变化。本发明中的实施例1的结果被示于表1~8。
[实施例2(样品号78)]
除了将烧成时的气氛设定在氮气氛中,进一步在800℃的大气中进行了热处理之外与实施例1同样制作了PTC热敏电阻,并进行了与实施例1同样的评价。将本发明中的实施例2的结果示于表9中。
根据表1可知A的成分范围y与居里点有关系。另外A为选自Na或K中的至少一种元素。由样品号1~10可知如果A的成分范围为0.007≤y≤0.125,则居里点向高于钛酸钡的居里点120℃的高温侧移动,并且25℃的比电阻成为103Ωcm以下。另外,可知y的含量越多则居里点越向高温侧移动,并且25℃的比电阻会有稍微增加的倾向。A的成分范围小于0.007的比较例1和比较例3其25℃的比电阻小,但是居里点不会向高于120℃的高温侧移动。另外,可知A的成分范围超过0.125的比较例2和比较例4其25℃的比电阻大大地超过103Ωcm。另外,可知在A为Na的情况下和在A为K的情况下,向居里点高温侧移动的移动量会有一些不同,但是25℃的比电阻或电阻变化率基本相同。
[表1]
根据表2可知Bi元素的成分范围x与A的成分范围y有关系。根据样品号1、3、5以及11~16可知如果x的成分范围为1.02y≤x≤1.5y,则25℃的比电阻小,且电阻变化率被抑制在20%以下。另外,在y为一定的情况下,x越多则25℃的比电阻会有稍微降低的倾向。可知x的成分范围小于1.02y的比较例5、7、9其25℃的比电阻小,但是电阻变化率超过20%。另外,还可知x的成分范围超过1.5y的比较例6、比较例8、比较例10其25℃的比电阻增大且超过103Ωcm。
[表2]
根据表3可知,对于作为碱金属元素的A包含Na和K两者,并且Na/K的摩尔比为6/4以上且9/1以下的样品号71~74的情况下,25℃的比电阻小于只含有Na的样品号15或者只含有K的样品号77。另外,还可知对于包含Na和K两者,其摩尔比为5/5的样品号75和其摩尔比为2/8的样品号76来说,与只含Na或者只含K的情况相比,25℃的比电阻不变小,相反还稍微变大了。
[表3]
根据表4可知Ba位点/Ti位点的摩尔比α与电阻变化率以及25℃比电阻有关。还可知在α的范围为0.97≤α≤1.06的样品号15、17~19中,25℃的比电阻小且电阻变化率被抑制在20%以下。可知α小于0.97的比较例11以及α超过1.06的比较例12其电阻变化率超过20%,进一步25℃的比电阻也超过103Ωcm。
[表4]
根据表5可知作为副成分Ca的成分范围与25℃的比电阻有关。另外,可知在Ca的成分范围为0.01mol以上且小于0.05mol的样品号15、20、21中,其25℃的比电阻小且电阻变化率被抑制在20%以下。另外,还可知,Ca的含量越多则25℃的比电阻越是会处于稍稍增加的倾向。还可知对于Ca的成分范围小于0.01mol的比较例13以及Ca的成分范围为0.05mol以上的比较例14来说,其25℃的比电阻增大并且超过103Ωcm。
[表5]
从表6的样品号15、22~24就可知如果作为副成分的Si的成分范围为0.035以下,则会有减少经时变化的效果。另外,可知在Si的成分范围为0.005mol以上且0.02mol以下的情况下,减少经时变化的效果更大。另外,还可知对于Si的成分范围超过0.035的比较例15来说,其经时变化减少效果小。
[表6]
从表7的样品号15、25~28可知,如果Mn的成分范围为0.0015mol以下,则其成分量越多则PTC突跳越会提高。另外,如果兼顾25℃的比电阻和PTC突跳,则进一步优选Mn的成分范围为0.0005mol以上且0.001mol以下。但是,可知如比较例16所示,如果超过0.0015mol,则会有25℃的比电阻稍稍变差的倾向,并且PTC突跳提高效果也小。
[表7]
从表8的样品号15、29~70可知,如果RE以及TM的总量(w+z)为0.01以下,则会有比电阻减少效果以及经时变化减少效果。另外,如果考虑25℃的比电阻、PTC突跳和经时变化各自的平衡,则进一步优选为0.001mol以上且0.005mol以下。还可知在RE为Sm、Gd、Er且TM为Nb的情况下25℃的比电阻小于其他的RE以及TM。另外,可知对于(w+z)超过0.01的比较例17~29来说,25℃的比电阻会超过103Ωcm。进一步,从样品号65~70可知,即使(w+z)为相同值,也还是各以等量添加RE和TM的情况下25℃的比电阻小。
[表8]
从表9的样品号78可知,在将烧成时的气氛设定为氮气气氛(PO2=10-7atm)的情况下能够获得与在大气中烧成的烧成体大致同等的特性。
[表9]
Claims (5)
1.一种PTC热敏电阻陶瓷组合物,其特征在于:
具备将由下述通式(1)所表示的钛酸钡类化合物作为主成分的烧结体,
(Ba1-x-y-wBixAyREw)α(Ti1-zTMz)O3 (1)
在所述通式(1)中,
所述A为选自Na或K中的至少一种元素,
所述RE为选自Y、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Gd、Dy以及Er中的至少一种元素,
所述TM为选自V、Nb以及Ta中的至少一种元素,
w、x、y、z以及α满足下述式(2)~(5),其中,w、x、y、z单位都是mol,α是Ba位点/Ti位点的摩尔比,
1.02y≤x≤1.5y (2)
0.007≤y≤0.125 (3)
0≤w+z≤0.01 (4)
0.97≤α≤1.06 (5)
进一步,以相对于1mol Ti位点按元素进行换算为0.01mol以上且小于0.05mol的比例含有Ca。
2.如权利要求1所述的PTC热敏电阻陶瓷组合物,其特征在于:
所述PTC热敏电阻陶瓷组合物进一步以相对于1mol Ti位点按元素进行换算为0.035mol以下的比例含有Si。
3.如权利要求1或者2所述的PTC热敏电阻陶瓷组合物,其特征在于:
所述PTC热敏电阻陶瓷组合物进一步以相对于1mol Ti位点按元素进行换算为0.0015mol以下的比例含有Mn。
4.如权利要求1~3中任一项所述的PTC热敏电阻陶瓷组合物,其特征在于:
对于所述PTC热敏电阻陶瓷组合物中的A,含有Na和K两者并且Na/K的摩尔比为6/4以上且9/1以下的范围。
5.一种PTC热敏电阻元件,其特征在于:
具备使用所述权利要求1~4中任一项所述的PTC热敏电阻陶瓷组合物来形成的陶瓷素体和形成于所述陶瓷素体表面的电极。
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CN109704755A (zh) * | 2019-02-03 | 2019-05-03 | 南京理工大学 | 一种双位掺杂节能型加热材料及其制备方法 |
CN114560694A (zh) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-05-31 | 深圳市金科特种材料股份有限公司 | 一种陶瓷ptc热敏电阻材料的制备方法 |
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JP6337689B2 (ja) * | 2013-10-03 | 2018-06-06 | Tdk株式会社 | 半導体磁器組成物およびptcサーミスタ |
JP6424728B2 (ja) * | 2014-07-03 | 2018-11-21 | Tdk株式会社 | 半導体磁器組成物およびptcサーミスタ |
JP2017034140A (ja) * | 2015-08-04 | 2017-02-09 | Tdk株式会社 | 半導体磁器組成物およびptcサーミスタ |
JP2017141117A (ja) * | 2016-02-08 | 2017-08-17 | Tdk株式会社 | 半導体磁器組成物およびptcサーミスタ |
KR101853191B1 (ko) * | 2016-07-28 | 2018-04-27 | 삼성전기주식회사 | 유전체 자기 조성물, 이를 포함하는 적층 세라믹 커패시터 및 적층 세라믹 커패시터의 제조 방법 |
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