CN105010067A - Method for three-dimensional cultivating pennisetum purpureum and eucalyptuses - Google Patents
Method for three-dimensional cultivating pennisetum purpureum and eucalyptuses Download PDFInfo
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- CN105010067A CN105010067A CN201510378590.6A CN201510378590A CN105010067A CN 105010067 A CN105010067 A CN 105010067A CN 201510378590 A CN201510378590 A CN 201510378590A CN 105010067 A CN105010067 A CN 105010067A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
A method for three-dimensional cultivating pennisetum purpureum and eucalyptuses includes the steps of preparing eucalyptus planting areas; three-dimensional cultivating pennisetum purpureum and eucalyptuses; tending management of pennisetum purpureum and eucalyptuses; and rear period management of pennisetum purpureum and eucalyptuses. Since eucalyptuses are tall, heliophile and deep-rooted, and pennisetum purpureum is low, shade tolerance and shallow rooted, pennisetum purpureum is planted between rows of an eucalyptus planted forest to establish a three-dimensional eucalyptuses and herbage ecological composite group, promote growth of eucalyptuses, and make full use of ground and underground nutrition spaces. The biological yield and land utilization efficiency per unit woodland area are improved, sand and soil are reserved, and water and soil loss can be reduced. Ecological sustainability is maintained, and eucalyptus industrial transformation and efficient construction are promoted.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to self-employed tree cultivator herbage composite plant technical field, be specifically related to the stereo cultivation method of a kind of napier grass and eucalyptus.
Background technology
Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus) is that Myrtaceae eucalyptus belongs to aiphyllium, originate in Australia, the raw-material chief species of commercial paper, the quick growing species of trees being China the seventies is introduced last century, its strong adaptability, grow quick, of many uses.Eucalyptus plantation in China Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian etc. the development of counties and districts of relevant city rapidly, to 2015, Guangxi cultivated area reached 5,000 ten thousand mu, and position is the first in the nation, eucalyptus material amount accounts for the whole nation more than 70%.Eucalyptus is being the national timber supply and demand contradiction of alleviation; promote timber slurry paper integration industry development, safeguard national timber safety, increase Forestry Carbon Mitigation; reply climatic variation serves larger effect, the rapid-growing and high-yield forest base establishing large area, scale in eucalyptus normal region in all parts of the country.But, while eucalyptus plant husbandry develops, encounter some to hinder, think at academia's some scholars and some places: plantation eucalyptus land utilization efficiency is low, it is excessive that soil moisture consumes, every place of planting eucalyptus, and soil property is deteriorated, under Eucalyptus Stand, not even a blade of grass grows etc., governs the development of eucalyptus industry.
Napier grass have tiller many, leaf amount is large, reviviscence is strong, growth is fast, output is high, blade is soft, the features such as plant-eating animal good palatability such as ox, sheep, fish, goose, the high yield and high quality forage grass kind of planting under the natural conditions such as a kind of applicable south China each province soil, weather, now in Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, the ground such as Jiangxi carries out popularizing planting.Napier grass plant height 200cm ~ 350cm, cane is upright, and general every rhizome bar has 15 ~ 30 to save, and grows thickly, generally tiller 30 ~ 150, generally adopt vegetative propagation, cradle 5 ~ 8 year, suitable temperature is at 25 ~ 32 DEG C, and under weighing the weather of frost once at 4 DEG C, whole strain axillalry bud is easily damaged by frost.Be suitable for tropical and subtropical region plantation.Napier grass quality better, nutritious, fresh careless water content 87%, dry matter 13%, the content 13.80% of crude protein in dry matter, crude fat 2.68%, raw fiber 30.29%, coarse ash 10.60%, nitrogen free extract 42.63%.Napier grass well developed root system, sealing ground is fast, and coverage strength is large, and fixing of soil and conservation of water ability is strong.Therefore, napier grass is a kind of feeding and ecological good grass seed had both, and is worthy of popularization.
According to the requirement of napier grass growing environment, for making full use of the ground, space between Eucalyptus Stand, improving unit forest land area biological yield and land utilization efficiency, reducing forest land water and soil loss, maintaining Ecological Sustainability; Plant between proposing between a kind of fast-growing Eucalyptus Stand and grow stereo ecological planting technical method that is quick, high yield napier grass.Up to the present, there is not yet " eucalyptus+napier grass " stereo ecological planting technology report.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the stereo cultivation method of a kind of napier grass and eucalyptus, according to eucalyptus Gao Guan, the positive, dark root system, the bioecology feature of the low hat of napier grass, shade tolerance, shallow root system, utilize eucalyptus plantation vacant lot plantation in the ranks napier grass, set up the eucalyptus+herbage stereo ecological compound group with high yield, make full use of on the ground and underground Vegetation space, improve unit forest land area biological yield and land utilization efficiency, protect husky solid soil, reduce water and soil loss.
The technical solution used in the present invention is: the stereo cultivation method of a kind of napier grass and eucalyptus, comprises the steps:
(1) prepare eucalyptus growing area: selective light heat condition is better, the gradient below 5 degree, height above sea level less than 500 meters, soil layer is deep, soil comparatively rich soil as eucalyptus growing area; It is also conceivable in addition to facilitate napier grass to plant, cradle and transport, select the eucalyptus growing area of traffic convenience;
(2) napier grass and eucalyptus vertical cultivation: eucalyptus implantation time is selected in annual 2 ~ May, cultivating as Short-Cycle Industrial Raw Material Forests adopts seeding row spacing to be 2m × 3m or 2m × 4m pattern, cultivates then adopt two row seeding row spacing 2m × 3m interval 6m to plant the pattern of two row seeding row spacing 2m × 3m again as big-diameter wood timber forest; Napier grass and eucalyptus are planted simultaneously, start plantation napier grass, spacing in the rows 10 ~ 15cm, line-spacing 25 ~ 35cm in the vacant lot in the ranks of distance eucalyptus 1m;
(3) tending management of eucalyptus and napier grass
The tending management of eucalyptus: after Eucalyptus to 2m height, carry out branch-finishing and pruning to 1m with lower part, during pruning, the edge of a knife chops back from the bottom up along trunk, toothing length 2 ~ 5cm, avoids injuring trunk; The cultivation of eucalyptus, fertilising, tending management and the techniques of pest control are also had to carry out with reference to forestry industry standard " eucalyptus fast-growing and high-yield plantation production technology regulation (LY/T 1775-2008) ".
The tending management of napier grass: cradle utilization when napier grass plant height grows to 80cm, cradle stubble height 5 ~ 10cm first, after this level land cradles; The plantation of napier grass, fertilising, tending management, harvesting utilization and the techniques of pest control are also had to carry out with reference to Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region provincial standard " Gui Min draws napier grass production technology regulation (DB45/T 1090-2014) ".
(4) final-period management of eucalyptus and napier grass: eucalyptus topdresses 2 times/year in first 2 years, topdresses and fosters 1 time on the 3rd year again, promotes Eucalyptus; Discharge appropriate urea after napier grass cradles at every turn, meet the demand of napier grass sprout growth.
Described eucalyptus refers to fast-growing eucalyptus, comprises Eucalyptus urophylla-grandis, tail alpine ash, alpine ash, Eucalyptus cloeziana, the thin eucalyptus of tail and Hybrid thereof.
Described napier grass comprises sweet napier grass, Taiwan napier grass, dwarf elephant grass and hybridization Excellent Forage Grasses kind thereof.
The aromatic oil that eucalyptus volatilizes can reduce the damage by disease and insect of napier grass, reduce the use of agricultural chemicals, and napier grass is gramineous plants, and rapidly, the cycle is short, and litter amount great Yi decomposes, and nutrient is given back and is optimized in growth, promotes the growth of eucalyptus.
Eucalyptus and napier grass plant after fertilising, intertill and clean tillage, the extermination of disease and insect pest, felling harvesting technical work eucalyptus and napier grass cultivation method carry out routinely.
Outstanding advantages of the present invention is:
According to eucalyptus Gao Guan, the positive, dark root system, the bioecology feature of the low hat of napier grass, shade tolerance, shallow root system, makes full use of acrial part and under ground portion space, forms the three-dimensional Vegetation space of multi-level efficiency utilization, save afforestation, improve biomass in unit area.Ground, space in the ranks can be realized making full use of in Eucalyptus Stand, reduces the workload of the tending management such as intertill and clean tillage, limited land resources produces larger economic benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that pilot forest afforestation models is by eucalyptus (2m × 3m)+Gui Mu No.1 hybridization napier grass Model Design figure.
Fig. 2 is that pilot forest afforestation models is by eucalyptus (2m × 6m)+Gui Mu No.1 hybridization napier grass Model Design figure.
Be labeled as in figure: ▲ represent eucalyptus,
represent Gui Mu No.1 hybridization napier grass.
Embodiment
Below by way of specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described further, but embodiment only for illustration of, can not the scope of protection of the invention be limited.The raw material such as the napier grass seed that following examples adopt, eucalyptus nursery stock, agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer all can obtain from commercial channel.Following examples are conventional method without special instruction.
An instantiation of the stereo cultivation method of napier grass of the present invention and eucalyptus, comprises the steps:
1) forest land and seedling basic condition
Be positioned at state-owned Wu Jia branch, honest and clean forest farm of admiring, Guangxi pilot forest, take up an area 11hm
2, most High aititude 120m, physical features is smooth, traffic convenience, and draining is good, and mountain yellow soil, it is fertile that the soil is porous, soil pH value 5.6.In woods, main vegetation has bidens pilosa (Bidenspilosa L.), eleusine indica (Eleusineindica (L.) Gaertn.), Bermuda grass (Cynodondactylon (Linn.) Pers.), Horseweed Herb (Conyzaecanadensis (L.) Cronq.) and dandelion (HerbaTaraxaCi) etc.Eucalyptus nursery stock is ' wide woods No. 9 ' group training Light media seedling that Guangxi forest-science academy cultivates, the improved seeds ' Gui Mu No.1 hybridization napier grass ' that napier grass provides for Guangxi herding research institute.
2) forest land prepares
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, Eucalyptus Forestation divides 2m × 3m and 2m × 6m, two row seeding row spacing 2m × 3m interval 6m plant two row seeding row spacing 2m × 3m, two kinds of patterns again, specification of digging pit is by face width 60cm × 50cm, dark 33cm, bottom width 40cm, keeps line-spacing between two row equal, and often hole is discharged 0.85kg ferment bacterium power and strengthened eucalyptus Special basal fertilizer.Gui Mu No.1 hybridization napier grass growth belt is started the empty in the ranks whole of distance eucalyptus plant 1m, is that 15cm × 30cm is arranged, admixes composite fertilizer 150kg/hm by seeding row spacing
2as base manure, N:P in described composite fertilizer
2o
5: K
2the mass ratio of O is 20:10:10.
3) plant between
Eucalyptus and Gui Mu No.1 are hybridized napier grass and are planted in rainy season in March simultaneously.Carry out eucalyptus plantation by hole, return mud higher than matrix 2 ~ 3cm, compacting after plantation; Gui Mu No.1 hybridization napier grass ripe kind of stem of hanking is chopped to one section by every section of 2 ~ 3 stipes, and be 45 degree with ground be tiltedly put in Hang Bishang planting stem, earthing reveals a kind stem top 3cm.
4) tending management of eucalyptus
3, between April on-site survey in every 15 days once, find to be short of seedling, dead strain time want timely after-culture; Carry out band shape shovel grass along growth belt July to foster, width be each 1m up and down, suitably earths up, righting nursery stock in conjunction with fostering to treelet, carries out artificial weeds removal November, can not use weed killer herbicide during weeding, avoid affecting napier grass and grow.March next year topdresses, the special 0.75kg that topdresses of eucalyptus is discharged in every strain, distance plant about 30 centimetres of both sides trench diggings long 30 centimetres, dark about 20 centimetres, fertilizer dispenser is covered earth, May in ditch, with lower part, branch-finishing and pruning is carried out to eucalyptus 1m, during pruning, the edge of a knife chops back from the bottom up along trunk, toothing length 3cm, avoids injuring trunk, and other fertilising Tending measures is planted consistent with conventional eucalyptus.
5) Gui Mu No.1 hybridizes managing and protecting and utilization of napier grass
1. Gui Mu No.1 hybridizes water and fertilizer management and the harvesting of napier grass
Need to make regular check on its growing state after the plantation of Gui Mu No.1 hybridization napier grass, few or timely after-culture when being short of seedling of seedling, seedling carries out suitable thinning at most; In step 4) weeds are carried out to growth belt while the weeding of eucalyptus growth belt and remove work, after hoe plane digs, pull out by hand; Gui Mu No.1 hybridization napier grass cradles rear combination at every turn and intertills the urea 75g/hm that topdresses
2or execute fused calcium magnesium phosphate 50 ~ 75kg/hm
2.
2. the harvesting of Gui Mu No.1 hybridization napier grass and utilization
Gui Mu No.1 hybridization napier grass highly grows to 80cm and can gather in utilization first, and gather in toothing 10cm first, after after this growing to 80 ~ 100cm, level land cradles at every turn, and annual visible growth situation cradles 4 ~ 8 times.The napier grass beans of harvesting can be used for the livestock poultry such as ox, sheep, goose and rabbit of feeding, and concrete grammar is: the napier grass machine of harvesting is broken into 2 ~ 3cm, directly or stir concentrated feed feeding, also just can shine that to make hay for subsequent use by napier grass.
6) extermination of disease and insect pest
Pilot forest afforestation does not find any damage by disease and insect before the present invention writes.
7) adopt the inventive method to manage, eucalyptus can grow to felling, Gui Mu No.1 hybridization napier grass sustainable how each eucalyptus normal growth in rotation under management condition of the present invention.Calculate by woodland rent rate, the woodland rent rate of eucalyptus (2m × 3m)+Gui Mu No.1 hybridization napier grass and eucalyptus (2m × 6m)+Gui Mu No.1 hybridization napier grass pattern improves 30% and 50% respectively than eucalyptus pure forest, and land utilization efficiency effectively improves.
Above-described embodiment effect (see table 1 ~ table 2):
Table 1 different mode eucalyptus individual plant growing state table (m, cm, m
3, m
3/ km
2)
Cropping pattern | The height of tree | The diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground | Individual volume | Individual volume increases than contrast | Unit stock volume | Accumulation is than contrast volume increase |
A | 14.4 | 10.07 | 0.050858 | 0.010553 | 5.594418 | 1.160789 |
B | 14.83 | 10.53 | 0.05669 | 0.016384 | 4.138384 | -0.295245 |
CK | 12.6 | 9.4 | 0.040306 | 0 | 4.433629 | 0 |
Note: A pattern represents eucalyptus (2m × 3m)+Gui Mu No.1 hybridization napier grass, B-mode represents eucalyptus (2m × 6m)+Gui Mu No.1 hybridization napier grass, and CK pattern represents eucalyptus (2m × 3m) pure forest control sample ground, lower same.
As known from Table 1, eucalyptus and Gui Mu No.1 hybridized napier grass intercropping after 3 years, contrast with eucalyptus pure forest, between plant Gui Mu No.1 hybridization napier grass eucalyptus individual plant amount of growth significantly improve, wherein, eucalyptus (2m × 3m)+Gui Mu No.1 hybridization napier grass and eucalyptus (2m × 6m)+Gui Mu No.1 hybridization napier grass pattern mean stand height improve 14.28% and 17.69%, and mean DBH increment improves 7.13% and 112.02%, and Eucalyptus amount significantly improves.
Table 2 different mode unit are herbage harvesting amount information slip (kg/ mu)
Cropping pattern | 1st annual production | 2nd annual production | 3rd annual production | Front 3 annual productions add up to | Average annual output |
A | 6753 | 13733 | 14632 | 35118 | 11706 |
B | 7846 | 15466 | 15997 | 39309 | 13103 |
CK | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
As known from Table 2, eucalyptus (2m × 3m)+Gui Mu No.1 hybridization napier grass and eucalyptus (2m × 6m)+average annual harvest yield of Gui Mu No.1 hybridization napier grass pattern Gui Mu No.1 hybridization napier grass are 11706kg/ mu and 13103kg/ mu, have good economic benefit.
Claims (3)
1. a stereo cultivation method for napier grass and eucalyptus, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) prepare eucalyptus growing area: selective light heat condition is better, the gradient below 5 degree, height above sea level less than 500 meters, soil layer is deep, soil comparatively rich soil as eucalyptus growing area;
(2) napier grass and eucalyptus vertical cultivation: eucalyptus implantation time is selected in annual 2 ~ May, cultivating as Short-Cycle Industrial Raw Material Forests adopts seeding row spacing to be 2m × 3m or 2m × 4m pattern, cultivates then adopt two row seeding row spacing 2m × 3m interval 6m to plant the pattern of two row seeding row spacing 2m × 3m again as big-diameter wood timber forest; Napier grass and eucalyptus are planted simultaneously, start plantation napier grass, spacing in the rows 10 ~ 15cm, line-spacing 25 ~ 35cm in the vacant lot in the ranks of distance eucalyptus 1m;
(3) tending management of eucalyptus and napier grass
The tending management of eucalyptus: after Eucalyptus to 2m height, carry out branch-finishing and pruning to 1m with lower part, during pruning, the edge of a knife chops back from the bottom up along trunk, toothing length 2 ~ 5cm, avoids injuring trunk;
The tending management of napier grass: cradle utilization when napier grass plant height grows to 80cm, cradle stubble height 5 ~ 10cm first, after this level land cradles;
(4) final-period management of eucalyptus and napier grass: eucalyptus topdresses 2 times/year in first 2 years, topdresses and fosters 1 time on the 3rd year again, promotes Eucalyptus; Discharge appropriate urea after napier grass cradles at every turn, meet the demand of napier grass sprout growth.
2. the stereo cultivation method of napier grass according to claim 1 and eucalyptus, is characterized in that, described eucalyptus refers to fast-growing eucalyptus, comprises Eucalyptus urophylla-grandis, tail alpine ash, alpine ash, Eucalyptus cloeziana, the thin eucalyptus of tail and Hybrid thereof.
3. the stereo cultivation method of napier grass according to claim 1 and eucalyptus, is characterized in that, described napier grass comprises sweet napier grass, Taiwan napier grass, dwarf elephant grass and hybridization Excellent Forage Grasses kind thereof.
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Cited By (8)
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---|---|---|---|---|
CN105766371A (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2016-07-20 | 杨加金 | Method for cultivating grifola frondosa from Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus urophylla hybrid |
CN106856965A (en) * | 2017-04-07 | 2017-06-20 | 广西壮族自治区畜牧研究所 | The method and the Mango Fruit Garden ecosystem of a kind of Mango Fruit Garden planting grass |
CN106942003A (en) * | 2017-04-07 | 2017-07-14 | 广西壮族自治区畜牧研究所 | The method and the peach garden ecosystem of a kind of peach garden interplanting graminous pasture |
CN107711317A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-02-23 | 广西壮族自治区畜牧研究所 | A kind of interplanting method of purple napier grass and eucalyptus |
CN107873360A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-04-06 | 广西壮族自治区畜牧研究所 | A kind of interplanting method of purple napier grass and mulberry tree |
CN110692423A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-01-17 | 蒙建玲 | Interplanting method of fast-growing eucalyptus and classical bamboo |
CN111279989A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2020-06-16 | 溆浦森鑫特色农业开发有限公司 | Planting method of sweet elephant grass |
CN116018974A (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2023-04-28 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Composite operation method for promoting eucalyptus growth |
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Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN105766371A (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2016-07-20 | 杨加金 | Method for cultivating grifola frondosa from Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus urophylla hybrid |
CN105766371B (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2018-10-19 | 杨加金 | It is a kind of using Eucalyptus urophylla-grandis as the Grifola frondosa cultivation method of raw material |
CN106856965A (en) * | 2017-04-07 | 2017-06-20 | 广西壮族自治区畜牧研究所 | The method and the Mango Fruit Garden ecosystem of a kind of Mango Fruit Garden planting grass |
CN106942003A (en) * | 2017-04-07 | 2017-07-14 | 广西壮族自治区畜牧研究所 | The method and the peach garden ecosystem of a kind of peach garden interplanting graminous pasture |
CN107711317A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-02-23 | 广西壮族自治区畜牧研究所 | A kind of interplanting method of purple napier grass and eucalyptus |
CN107873360A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-04-06 | 广西壮族自治区畜牧研究所 | A kind of interplanting method of purple napier grass and mulberry tree |
CN111279989A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2020-06-16 | 溆浦森鑫特色农业开发有限公司 | Planting method of sweet elephant grass |
CN110692423A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-01-17 | 蒙建玲 | Interplanting method of fast-growing eucalyptus and classical bamboo |
CN116018974A (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2023-04-28 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Composite operation method for promoting eucalyptus growth |
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