CN116018974A - A Compound Management Method for Promoting the Growth of Eucalyptus - Google Patents

A Compound Management Method for Promoting the Growth of Eucalyptus Download PDF

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CN116018974A
CN116018974A CN202211409455.XA CN202211409455A CN116018974A CN 116018974 A CN116018974 A CN 116018974A CN 202211409455 A CN202211409455 A CN 202211409455A CN 116018974 A CN116018974 A CN 116018974A
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eucalyptus
planting
edamame
growth
pruning
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CN116018974B (en
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张烨
韦铄星
蒋燚
刘海龙
覃子海
魏秋兰
张晓宁
肖玉菲
陈博雯
林东
钟连香
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Hunan Academy of Forestry
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种促进桉树生长的复合经营方法,包括林地整备:在种植区内挖种植穴,将林地内的树叶和/或山毛豆茎秆切碎后填入种植穴内,并加入秸秆腐熟剂进行发酵腐化;造林和间种:选取桉树苗栽植于种植穴内,在桉树行间与桉树行平行做垄,在垄顶开设种植沟,在种植沟内播种山毛豆并覆土,待山毛豆长至90cm后进行首次收割,此后每长到90‑100cm后再次收割,收割的山毛豆用做饲草或绿肥。本发明通过采用树叶或山毛豆茎秆发酵腐化后增加土壤养分,促进桉树幼苗生长,避免桉树的落叶落至水中容易产生蓝藻,破坏水源;通过山毛豆与桉树间种,合理应用林下空地,提高了桉树林的经济效益同时改善土壤条件,实现桉树林的可持续经营。

Figure 202211409455

The invention discloses a compound management method for promoting the growth of eucalyptus, which includes forest land preparation: digging planting holes in the planting area, chopping leaves and/or bean stalks in the forest land and filling them into the planting holes, adding decomposed straw Afforestation and interplanting: select eucalyptus seedlings and plant them in the planting hole, make ridges parallel to the eucalyptus rows between the eucalyptus rows, open a planting ditch on the top of the ridge, sow edamame in the planting ditch and cover it with soil, and wait for the edamame to grow. Harvest for the first time after reaching 90cm, and then harvest again every time it grows to 90-100cm. The harvested edamame is used as forage grass or green manure. The present invention increases soil nutrients by fermenting and decomposing leaves or bean stems, promotes the growth of eucalyptus seedlings, and prevents eucalyptus leaves from falling into the water to easily produce blue-green algae and damage water sources; by interplanting bean and eucalyptus, the open space under the forest is rationally used, The economic benefit of the eucalyptus forest is improved while soil conditions are improved, and the sustainable management of the eucalyptus forest is realized.

Figure 202211409455

Description

一种促进桉树生长的复合经营方法A Compound Management Method for Promoting the Growth of Eucalyptus

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及林业种植技术领域,特别是涉及一种促进桉树生长的复合经营方法。The invention relates to the technical field of forestry planting, in particular to a compound management method for promoting the growth of eucalyptus.

背景技术Background technique

桉树是桃金娘科桉树属常绿乔木,原产于澳大利亚,是工业造纸用原材料的主要树种,是我国于上世纪七十年代引进的速生树种,其适应性强、生长快速、用途广泛。山毛豆,又名白花灰叶豆,为豆科灰叶属的一种多年生常绿小灌木,山毛豆根瘤具有固氮作用,对改良土壤作用效果明显,是一种饲用和生态兼备的优良草种。Eucalyptus is an evergreen tree belonging to the Myrtaceae Eucalyptus family. It is native to Australia and is the main tree species used as raw materials for industrial papermaking. It is a fast-growing tree species introduced by my country in the 1970s. Edamame, also known as white-flowered gray leaf bean, is a perennial evergreen shrub of the genus Fabaceae. The root nodules of the edamame have a nitrogen-fixing effect and have a significant effect on soil improvement. It is an excellent grass with both forage and ecology kind.

我国南方地区种植了大面积桉树,取得了一定的经济效益。但是,桉树林下空地存在严重浪费,得不到合理应用,增加了桉树和山毛豆的种植成本;桉树人工林单一树种结构的经营方式不仅导致地力衰退,土地板结,还引起了水土流失等一系列的生态问题,同时桉树林管理不当,导致桉树材面节子较多,影响木材质量,而且桉树的落叶得不到合理应用,落至水中容易产生蓝藻,破坏水源,给桉树人工林的健康发展和可持续经营带来巨大隐患。A large area of eucalyptus has been planted in southern my country, which has achieved certain economic benefits. However, there is a serious waste of open space under the eucalyptus forest, which cannot be used rationally, which increases the planting cost of eucalyptus and edamame. A series of ecological problems. At the same time, the improper management of eucalyptus forests leads to more knots on the surface of eucalyptus trees, which affects the quality of wood. Moreover, the fallen leaves of eucalyptus trees are not properly used, and blue-green algae are easy to be produced when they fall into the water, destroying water sources and endangering the health of eucalyptus plantations. Development and sustainable operation bring huge hidden dangers.

以上背景技术内容的公开仅用于辅助理解本发明的构思及技术方案,其并不必然属于本专利申请的现有技术,在没有明确的证据表明上述内容在本专利申请的申请日已经公开的情况下,上述背景技术不应当用于评价本申请的新颖性和创造性。The disclosure of the above background technical content is only used to assist in understanding the concept and technical solution of the present invention, and it does not necessarily belong to the prior art of this patent application. If there is no clear evidence that the above content has been disclosed on the filing date of this patent application In some cases, the above background technology should not be used to evaluate the novelty and inventiveness of this application.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的主要目的在于克服上述背景技术存在的缺陷,提供一种促进桉树生长的复合经营方法。The main purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defect that the above-mentioned background technology exists, and provide a kind of composite management method that promotes the growth of eucalyptus.

为实现上述目的,本发明提出的一种促进桉树生长的复合经营方法,包括以下步骤:In order to achieve the above object, a kind of composite management method that the present invention proposes to promote the growth of eucalyptus comprises the following steps:

S1、林地整备:选择坡度在20度以下,海拔高度在500米以下的林地作为种植区,在种植区内挖种植穴,将林地内砍伐剩余的树叶和/或山毛豆茎秆切碎后填入种植穴内,并加入秸秆腐熟剂,使用稻草覆盖种植穴的穴口,防止发酵时水流失,并且保温、透气,增加发酵腐化效率;进行5-15d的发酵腐化后掀开稻草覆土2-5cm厚度并加入PH调节剂,调节土壤酸碱度;S1. Forest land preparation: Select a forest land with a slope below 20 degrees and an altitude below 500 meters as the planting area, dig planting holes in the planting area, and fill the remaining leaves and/or bean stalks after cutting in the forest land Put it into the planting hole, add straw decomposing agent, use straw to cover the opening of the planting hole to prevent water loss during fermentation, keep warm and ventilate, and increase the efficiency of fermentation and decay; after 5-15 days of fermentation and decay, remove the straw and cover the soil with a thickness of 2-5cm And add a PH regulator to adjust the pH of the soil;

S2、造林和间种:选取桉树苗,将营养袋剪破,栽植于种植穴内,覆土压实后淋上定根水;栽植1-1.5个月后,在桉树行间与桉树行平行做垄,垄间距为1m,在垄顶开设种植沟,在种植沟底垫上发酵后的农家肥300公斤/亩作基肥,然后在种植沟内播种山毛豆并覆土,浇水至含水量为70%,使用稻草覆盖在垄顶,确保山毛豆发芽率;S2. Afforestation and interplanting: select eucalyptus saplings, cut the nutrition bags, plant them in the planting holes, cover the soil and compact them, and then sprinkle them with root-fixing water; after planting for 1-1.5 months, make ridges between the eucalyptus rows parallel to the eucalyptus rows , the distance between the ridges is 1m, and a planting ditch is opened on the top of the ridge, and 300 kg/mu of fermented farmyard manure is used as the base fertilizer on the bottom pad of the planting ditch, and then the edamame is sown in the planting ditch and covered with soil, and watered until the water content is 70%. Use straw to cover the top of the ridge to ensure the germination rate of edamame;

S3、林间管理:S3. Forest management:

(3)桉树造林后1-2个月内,发现缺苗或死株及时补植;3个月后对桉树幼苗进行培土、扶正并覆盖防草布;种植后第一年进行3次追肥,第二年进行2次追肥,之后每年进行1次追肥;桉树生长至5m高后,使用剪枝工具对3m以下树杈进行修剪,减少桉树材面节子,提高桉树长势;(3) Within 1-2 months after eucalyptus afforestation, it is found that the lack of seedlings or dead plants is replanted in time; after 3 months, the eucalyptus seedlings are cultivated, straightened and covered with weed-proof cloth; topdressing is carried out 3 times in the first year after planting, Topdressing is carried out twice in the second year, and topdressing is carried out once a year thereafter; after the eucalyptus grows to a height of 5m, use a pruning tool to trim the branches below 3m to reduce the surface knots of the eucalyptus and improve the growth of the eucalyptus;

(4)山毛豆种植后一周内保持含水率70%,直到出芽成活,发现山毛豆缺苗或少苗及时补植,苗多则进行适当的间苗;山毛豆生长至10cm后覆盖防草布,再使用0.06%的钼酸铵水溶液喷施2次,两次喷施相隔时候10-15天;山毛豆每次收割后追施钙镁磷肥80kg/hm2(4) Maintain a moisture content of 70% within one week after the edamame is planted until it germinates and survives. If it is found that the edamame is short of seedlings or few seedlings are replanted in time, and if there are too many seedlings, appropriate thinning is carried out; the edamame grows to 10cm and covers the weed-proof cloth. Then use 0.06% ammonium molybdate aqueous solution to spray 2 times, and the interval between two sprays is 10-15 days; topdressing calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 80kg/hm 2 after each harvest of edamame;

S4、收割利用:待山毛豆长至90cm后进行首次收割,此后每长到90-100cm后再次收割,每次收割留茬高度为40cm,待山毛豆再次长出新芽后重复步骤S3中山毛豆的施肥步骤;收割的山毛豆用做饲草或绿肥。S4, harvesting utilization: after the edamame grows to 90cm, harvest for the first time, then harvest again after every 90-100cm, and the stubble height of each harvest is 40cm, after the edamame grows new shoots again, repeat step S3 of the edamame Fertilization step; the harvested edamame is used as forage grass or green manure.

优选地,在步骤S1中,种植穴的尺寸为30cm×30cm×50cm,加入秸秆腐熟剂后每两天掀开覆盖在种植穴上的稻草加入红糖水或洗米水并搅拌均匀,使得树叶和/或山毛豆茎秆发酵物充分与氧气接触,搅拌完成后重新覆盖稻草,加快发酵物的腐化。Preferably, in step S1, the size of the planting hole is 30cm×30cm×50cm. After adding the straw decomposing agent, the straw covering the planting hole is opened every two days, adding brown sugar water or rice washing water and stirring evenly, so that the leaves and/or Or the fermented product of the edamame stalk is fully in contact with oxygen, and the straw is covered again after the stirring is completed, so as to accelerate the decay of the fermented product.

优选地,在步骤S1中,所述PH调节剂为苹果酸、柠檬酸、柠檬酸钾、苹果酸钾、氢氧化钙和氢氧化钾中的至少一种,根据土壤PH值情况进行调节,使得土壤符合桉树生长的最佳需求。Preferably, in step S1, the pH regulator is at least one of malic acid, citric acid, potassium citrate, potassium malate, calcium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, adjusted according to the soil pH value, so that The soil meets the optimal needs for eucalyptus growth.

优选地,在步骤S2中,桉树栽植于种植穴内后株行距为2m×3m或2m×6m;当株行距为2m×3m时,两行桉树之间种植两行山毛豆;当株行距为2m×6m时,两行2m×3m桉树间隔6m再种两行2m×3m桉树,在6m的宽行中间种植五行山毛豆,通过间种山毛豆改变土壤结构。Preferably, in step S2, after the eucalyptus is planted in the planting hole, the row spacing is 2m×3m or 2m×6m; when the row spacing is 2m×3m, two rows of edamame are planted between two rows of eucalyptus; when the row spacing is 2m When ×6m, two rows of 2m×3m eucalyptus trees are planted at an interval of 6m, and then two rows of 2m×3m eucalyptus trees are planted. Five rows of edamame are planted in the middle of the 6m wide row, and the soil structure is changed by interplanting edamame.

优选地,栽植桉树苗前向每个种植穴内施氮磷钾复合基肥100g或农家肥1kg,为桉树幼苗提供充足的养分,加快桉树苗生长。Preferably, before planting the eucalyptus seedlings, apply 100 g of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound base fertilizer or 1 kg of farmyard manure to each planting hole to provide sufficient nutrients for the eucalyptus seedlings and accelerate the growth of the eucalyptus seedlings.

优选地,在步骤S3中,桉树追施的肥料为桉树专用肥,每株为0.8kg,在环绕桉树植株半径为40cm的地面挖深度为30cm的环形沟,将肥料均匀撒环形沟内并覆土,为桉树生长提供养分,30cm为桉树吸收养分的根系布最多的区域。Preferably, in step S3, the fertilizer for eucalyptus topdressing is eucalyptus special fertilizer, each plant is 0.8kg, digging a circular ditch with a depth of 30cm on the ground surrounding the eucalyptus plant with a radius of 40cm, spreading the fertilizer evenly in the annular ditch and covering it with soil , to provide nutrients for the growth of eucalyptus, and 30cm is the area where the root system of eucalyptus absorbs the most nutrients.

优选地,所述剪枝工具包括机架、修剪机构和夹紧机构,所述修剪机构和所述夹紧机构均设置在所述机架上,所述夹紧机构固定设在所述机架一端,所述机架两侧设有滑槽,正面设有齿条,所述修剪机构包括滑座和左右修枝件,所述滑座与所述滑槽滑动连接,所述滑座上设有齿轮,所述齿轮与所述齿条啮合,所述齿轮与升降电机的输出端连接,所述左右修枝件设置在所述滑座上,通过升降电机带动滑座在机架上进行升降活动,进而带动修剪机构升降进行修剪树枝。Preferably, the pruning tool includes a frame, a pruning mechanism and a clamping mechanism, the pruning mechanism and the clamping mechanism are both arranged on the frame, and the clamping mechanism is fixed on the frame One end, the two sides of the frame are provided with chute, the front is provided with a rack, the pruning mechanism includes a sliding seat and left and right pruning parts, the sliding seat is slidably connected with the chute, and the sliding seat is provided with There is a gear, the gear meshes with the rack, the gear is connected to the output end of the lifting motor, the left and right pruning parts are arranged on the sliding seat, and the lifting motor drives the sliding seat to lift on the frame Activities, and then drive the pruning mechanism to go up and down to prune branches.

优选地,所述左右修枝件包括开合电机、管型刀架、修枝电机、钢丝绳和滚刀,所述管型刀架为两组半圆管结构,所述管型刀架一端部垂直固定有转轴,所述转轴可转动穿过所述滑座与所述开合电机的输出端连接,所述滚刀串接固定在所述钢丝绳上,并嵌入在所述管型刀架的内部,所述管型刀架上开设有沿其长度方向延伸的条型开口,所述钢丝绳一端穿出所述管型刀架一端,并与所述修枝电机的输出端连接,所述钢丝绳的另一端通过拉簧与所述管型刀架的另一端转动连接,通过开合电机使得管型刀架能够环抱树干,然后通过修枝电机带动滚刀转动修剪树枝。Preferably, the left and right pruning parts include an opening and closing motor, a tubular knife rest, a pruning motor, a wire rope and a hob, and the tubular knife rest is a two-group semicircular tube structure, and one end of the tubular knife rest is vertical A rotating shaft is fixed, and the rotating shaft can rotate through the sliding seat to connect with the output end of the opening and closing motor, and the hob is connected in series and fixed on the steel wire rope, and is embedded in the interior of the tubular knife holder , the tubular knife rest is provided with a bar-shaped opening extending along its length direction, and one end of the steel wire rope passes through one end of the tubular knife rest and is connected with the output end of the pruning motor. The other end is rotatably connected with the other end of the tubular knife rest through a tension spring, and the tubular knife rest can embrace the trunk through the opening and closing motor, and then the hob is driven by the pruning motor to rotate and trim the branches.

优选地,所述管型刀架下表面设有若干插接座,所述插接座上开设有第一销孔,所述插接座上插接有支撑架,所述支撑架上设有留茬调节轮,所述支撑架上设有第二销孔,所述第一销孔与所述第二销孔对齐后通过插入销轴使所述支撑架和所述插接座固定连接,通过留茬调节轮调节管型刀架的进深,进而调节修剪树枝时留茬的长度。Preferably, the lower surface of the tubular tool rest is provided with several sockets, and the sockets are provided with first pin holes, and a support frame is inserted in the sockets, and the support frame is provided with The stubble adjustment wheel, the support frame is provided with a second pin hole, and after the first pin hole is aligned with the second pin hole, the support frame and the socket are fixedly connected by inserting a pin shaft, Adjust the depth of the tubular knife holder through the stubble adjustment wheel, and then adjust the length of the stubble when pruning branches.

优选地,所述夹紧机构包括安装架、夹紧电机、双向丝杆和夹爪,所述安装架固定在所述机架一端,所述双向丝杆可转动设置所述安装架上,所述安装架正面设有一通过口,所述夹爪一端穿过所述通过口连接在所述双向丝杆上,所述夹紧电机的输出端与所述双向丝杆一端连接,通过夹紧电机带动夹爪夹紧树干进行固定,方便滑座在机架上进行升降活动。Preferably, the clamping mechanism includes a mounting frame, a clamping motor, a two-way screw rod and clamping jaws, the mounting frame is fixed at one end of the frame, and the two-way screw rod is rotatably set on the mounting frame, so The front of the installation frame is provided with a passage opening, and one end of the jaw is connected to the two-way screw rod through the passage opening, the output end of the clamping motor is connected to one end of the two-way screw rod, and the clamping motor Drive the jaws to clamp the tree trunk for fixing, which is convenient for the sliding seat to carry out lifting activities on the frame.

本发明的有益效果包括:通过采用林地内砍伐剩余的树叶和/或山毛豆茎秆发酵腐化后增加土壤的有效养分,培肥地力,促进桉树幼苗生长,避免桉树的落叶落至水中容易产生蓝藻,破坏水源;通过加入PH调节剂调节土壤的酸碱度,使土壤达到桉树最佳土壤酸碱度需求,有效促进桉树生长;通过剪枝工具实现对桉树3m以下树枝一次性进行修剪,修剪时不易损伤树干,切口一致性好,伤面小,有效提高修枝效果、降低人力成本的同时提升木材质量;通过改进经营方法,山毛豆与桉树进行间种,优化林分结构,合理应用林下空地,减小桉树和山毛豆的种植成本,并且山毛豆的固氮增加系统中吸收氮的含量,直接促进桉树的生长,提高了桉树人工林的经济效益和生态效益的同时改善了林分结构和土壤条件,防止了水土流失,实现了桉树人工林的可持续经营。The beneficial effects of the present invention include: increasing the effective nutrients of the soil after fermenting and decomposing the remaining leaves and/or bean stalks in the woodland, fertilizing the soil, promoting the growth of eucalyptus seedlings, and preventing the fallen leaves of eucalyptus from falling into the water to easily produce blue-green algae , destroy the water source; adjust the pH of the soil by adding a PH regulator, so that the soil can meet the optimal soil pH requirements of eucalyptus, effectively promote the growth of eucalyptus; use pruning tools to realize one-time pruning of eucalyptus branches below 3m, and it is not easy to damage the trunk during pruning. The incision is consistent and the wound surface is small, effectively improving the pruning effect, reducing labor costs and improving wood quality; through improving the management method, the bean and eucalyptus are interplanted, the stand structure is optimized, and the open space under the forest is rationally used to reduce The cost of planting eucalyptus and edamame, and the nitrogen fixation of edamame increases the content of absorbed nitrogen in the system, directly promotes the growth of eucalyptus, improves the economic and ecological benefits of eucalyptus plantations, improves the stand structure and soil conditions, and prevents Soil erosion has been reduced, and sustainable management of eucalyptus plantations has been realized.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明中桉树株行距为2m×3m间种方式A设计图。Fig. 1 is the design drawing of interplanting mode A of eucalyptus plant row spacing among the present invention is 2m * 3m.

图2是本发明中桉树株行距为2m×6m间种方式B设计图。Fig. 2 is the design diagram of interplanting mode B of eucalyptus in the present invention with row spacing of 2m * 6m.

图3是本发明实施例中的剪枝工具的整体示意图。Fig. 3 is an overall schematic diagram of the pruning tool in the embodiment of the present invention.

图4是本发明实施例中的修剪机构的示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a trimming mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention.

图5是本发明实施例中的钢丝绳和滚刀连接示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the steel wire rope and the hob in the embodiment of the present invention.

图6是本发明实施例中的插接座和留茬调节轮的示意图。Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the socket and the stubble regulating wheel in the embodiment of the present invention.

图7是本发明实施例中的复合经营方法流程图。Fig. 7 is a flow chart of the composite management method in the embodiment of the present invention.

附图标记:Reference signs:

图中

Figure BDA0003937966990000051
表示桉树,
Figure BDA0003937966990000052
表示山毛豆;in the picture
Figure BDA0003937966990000051
means eucalyptus,
Figure BDA0003937966990000052
means edamame;

1、机架;101滑槽;102齿条;103把手;2修剪机构;201滑座;2011齿轮;202左右修枝件;2021开合电机;2022管型刀架;20221插接座;20222第一销孔;20223支撑架;20224留茬调节轮;20225第二销孔;20226销轴;2023修枝电机;2024钢丝绳;2025滚刀;2026转轴;2027条型开口;2028拉簧;203升降电机;3夹紧机构;301安装架;302夹紧电机;303双向丝杆;304夹爪305通过口。1. Frame; 101 chute; 102 rack; 103 handle; 2 pruning mechanism; 201 sliding seat; 2011 gear; 202 left and right pruning parts; 20223 support frame; 20224 stubble adjustment wheel; 20225 second pin hole; 20226 pin shaft; 2023 pruning motor; 2024 steel wire rope; 2025 hob; 2026 rotating shaft; Lifting motor; 3 clamping mechanism; 301 mounting frame; 302 clamping motor; 303 two-way screw rod;

具体实施方式Detailed ways

为了使本发明实施例所要解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白,以下通过在广西七坡林场所做的试验,结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below through experiments done in Qipo Forest Farm, Guangxi, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.

需要说明的是,当元件被称为“固定于”或“设置于”另一个元件,它可以直接在另一个元件上或者间接在该另一个元件上。当一个元件被称为是“连接于”另一个元件,它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或间接连接至该另一个元件上。另外,连接既可以是用于固定作用也可以是用于电路连通作用。It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being “fixed” or “disposed on” another element, it may be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected to the other element. In addition, the connection can be used for both fixing function and circuit communication function.

需要理解的是,术语“长度”、“宽度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明实施例和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。It is to be understood that the terms "length", "width", "top", "bottom", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top" , "bottom", "inner", "outer" and other indicated orientations or positional relationships are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying Any device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.

此外,术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此,限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多该特征。在本发明实施例的描述中,“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上,除非另有明确具体的限定。In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features. In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

实施例1:Example 1:

请参阅图1至图7,本实施例公开的促进桉树生长的复合经营方法,包括以下步骤:Please refer to Fig. 1 to Fig. 7, the compound management method that the promotion eucalyptus growth disclosed in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

S1、林地整备:试验林地位于广西七坡林场内,选择坡度在20度以下,海拔高度在500米以下的林地作为种植区,在种植区内挖种植穴,种植穴的尺寸为30cm×30cm×50cm,将林地内砍伐剩余的树叶或山毛豆茎秆切碎后填入种植穴内,并加入秸秆腐熟剂,秸秆腐熟剂采用HB腐熟剂,使用稻草覆盖种植穴的穴口,稻草覆盖能够很好的减少发酵时水份的流失以及保温作用,并且具有良好的透气性,避免发酵时缺氧,影响发酵效率;加入秸秆腐熟剂后每两天掀开覆盖在种植穴上的稻草加入红糖水或洗米水并搅拌均匀,使得树叶和/或山毛豆茎秆发酵物充分与氧气接触,搅拌完成后重新覆盖稻草,进行5d的发酵腐化后掀开稻草覆土2cm厚度并加入PH调节剂,PH调节剂为苹果酸、柠檬酸、柠檬酸钾、苹果酸钾、氢氧化钙和氢氧化钾中的至少一种,使用土壤PH测定仪测定种植穴内的土壤PH值,根据PH值数选择合适的PH调节剂对土壤进行调节,使得种植穴内的土壤PH值在4.5-6.5之间呈微酸性。S1. Forest land preparation: The experimental forest land is located in Qipo Forest Farm, Guangxi. The forest land with a slope below 20 degrees and an altitude below 500 meters is selected as the planting area. Planting holes are dug in the planting area. The size of the planting hole is 30cm×30cm× 50cm, cut the remaining leaves or bean stems in the woodland and fill them into the planting hole, and add straw decomposing agent. Reduce water loss and heat preservation during fermentation, and have good air permeability, avoid hypoxia during fermentation and affect fermentation efficiency; after adding straw decomposing agent, lift the straw covering the planting hole every two days and add brown sugar water or wash rice water and stir evenly, so that the fermented leaves and/or edamame stalks are fully in contact with oxygen. After the stirring is completed, cover the straw again. After 5 days of fermentation and decay, lift the straw covering soil to a thickness of 2 cm and add a pH regulator. The pH regulator is At least one of malic acid, citric acid, potassium citrate, potassium malate, calcium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, use a soil pH meter to measure the soil pH value in the planting hole, and select a suitable pH regulator according to the pH value Adjust the soil so that the pH of the soil in the planting hole is slightly acidic between 4.5 and 6.5.

S2、造林和间种:2019年4月7日选取巨尾按广林9号桉树苗,将营养袋剪破,栽植于种植穴内,栽植桉树苗前向每个种植穴内施氮磷钾复合基肥100g或农家肥1kg,覆土压实后淋上定根水;参阅图1,桉树栽植于种植穴内后株行距为2m×3m,两行桉树之间种植两行山毛豆;栽植1个月后,2019年5月8日,在桉树行间与桉树行平行做垄,垄间距为1m,在垄顶开设种植沟,在种植沟底垫上发酵后的农家肥300公斤/亩作基肥,然后在种植沟内以种子撒播形式播种山毛豆并覆土,山毛豆种子采用广西畜牧研究所提供的优良品种,播种山毛豆后浇水至含水量为70%,使用稻草覆盖在垄顶,防止水份蒸发流失过快,确保山毛豆种子的发芽率。S2. Afforestation and interplanting: On April 7, 2019, Juwei Press Guanglin No. 9 eucalyptus seedlings were selected, the nutrition bags were cut, and planted in the planting holes. Before planting the eucalyptus seedlings, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound base fertilizer to each planting hole 100g or 1kg of farmyard manure, cover the soil and pour it with root-fixing water after compaction; refer to Figure 1, the row spacing of eucalyptus trees after planting in the planting hole is 2m×3m, and two rows of edamame are planted between two rows of eucalyptus trees; after planting for 1 month, On May 8, 2019, ridges were made between the rows of eucalyptus trees parallel to the rows of eucalyptus trees, the distance between the ridges was 1m, and a planting ditch was opened on the top of the ridge, and 300 kg/mu of fermented farmyard manure was used as the base fertilizer on the bottom pad of the planting ditch, and then planted The edamame is sown in the form of seed sowing and covered with soil. The edamame seeds use the fine varieties provided by the Guangxi Animal Husbandry Research Institute. After sowing the edamame, water it to a water content of 70%, and use straw to cover the top of the ridge to prevent water from evaporating. Too fast to ensure the germination rate of the edamame seeds.

S3、林间管理:S3. Forest management:

(1)桉树造林后1-2个月内,发现缺苗或死株及时补植;3个月后对桉树幼苗进行培土、扶正并覆盖防草布,防草布采用透气透水的可降解防草布,种植后第一年进行3次追肥,第二年进行2次追肥,之后每年进行1次追肥;桉树追施的肥料为桉树专用肥,每株为0.8kg,在环绕桉树植株半径为40cm的地面挖深度为30cm的环形沟,将肥料均匀撒环形沟内并覆土,示天气情况适当进行浇水,在桉树生长至5m高后,使用剪枝工具对3m以下树杈进行修剪;通过修剪无效非营养树枝、病枝、残枝和弱枝,增加林分通风、透光性,减少养分供应部分,使得桉树不易染病,有益于增加林木纤维,从而提高桉树对虫病害和台风危害的抵抗能力,促进桉树高生长,保持通直性,提高木材产量的同时提高木材质量,实现无节材培育;请参阅图3至图6,剪枝工具包括机架1、修剪机构2和夹紧机构3,修剪机构2和夹紧机构3均设置在机架1上,机架1长3米左右,夹紧机构3固定设在机架1的底端,机架1两侧设有滑槽101,正面设有齿条102,背面设有把手103,修剪机构2包括滑座201和左右修枝件202,滑座201与滑槽101滑动连接,滑座201上设有齿轮2011,齿轮2011与齿条102啮合,齿轮2011与升降电机203的输出端连接,左右修枝件202设置在滑座201上,修枝时顺树干从下往上剪切,留茬长度3cm,避免伤害树干,提高顶部枝叶的光合效能,增强长势。左右修枝件202包括开合电机2021、管型刀架2022、修枝电机2023、钢丝绳2024和滚刀2025,管型刀架2022为两组半圆管结构,管型刀架2022能够围合成圆形结构,并适应不同桉树的树干尺寸,管型刀架2022一端部垂直固定有转轴2026,转轴2026可转动穿过滑座201与开合电机2021的输出端连接,通过开合电机2021的转动使两组管型刀架2022进行开合,以便于套入桉树的树干上,滚刀2025串接固定在钢丝绳2024上,并嵌入在管型刀架2022的内部,管型刀架2022上开设有沿其长度方向延伸的条型开口2027,滚刀2025一半露出到条型开口2027外,贴合在待修剪树干上的树枝表面,实现修枝动作;钢丝绳2024一端可转动穿出管型刀架2022一端,并与修枝电机2023的输出端连接,钢丝绳2024的另一端通过拉簧2028与管型刀架2022的另一端转动连接,通过拉簧2028实时拉紧钢丝绳2024。在管型刀架2022下表面设有若干插接座20221,插接座20221上开设有第一销孔20222,插接座20221上插接有支撑架20223,支撑架20223上设有留茬调节轮20224,两组管型刀架2022闭合后留茬调节轮20224朝向树干中心,并与桉树的树干外表面抵接,在支撑架20223上设有第二销孔20225,第一销孔20222与第二销孔20225对齐后通过插入销轴20226使支撑架20223和插接座20221固定连接,通过移动支撑架20223以调节留茬调节轮20224的进深度,进而调节桉树枝的留茬长度。夹紧机构3包括安装架301、夹紧电机302、双向丝杆303和夹爪304,安装架301固定在机架1一端,双向丝杆303可转动设置安装架301上,双向丝杆303水平设置,安装架301正面设有一通过口305,两组夹爪304一端分布穿过通过口305连接在双向丝杆303的两端,夹紧电机302的输出端与双向丝杆303一端连接,通过夹紧电机302的转动带动两组夹爪304合拢夹持桉树的树干进行固定,方便修枝。(1) Within 1-2 months after eucalyptus afforestation, it is found that the lack of seedlings or dead plants is replanted in time; after 3 months, the eucalyptus seedlings are cultivated, straightened and covered with weed-proof cloth. For grass cloth, topdressing is carried out 3 times in the first year after planting, 2 times in the second year, and 1 time after that; the fertilizer for eucalyptus topdressing is eucalyptus special fertilizer, 0.8kg per plant, and the radius around the eucalyptus plant is Dig a circular ditch with a depth of 30 cm on a 40 cm ground, spread the fertilizer evenly in the ring ditch and cover it with soil, and water it appropriately according to the weather conditions. After the eucalyptus grows to a height of 5 m, use a pruning tool to prune the branches below 3 m; Pruning invalid non-nutritive branches, diseased branches, residual branches and weak branches can increase the ventilation and light transmission of the stand, reduce the part of nutrient supply, make the eucalyptus less susceptible to disease, and help increase the forest fiber, thereby increasing the eucalyptus’s resistance to insect pests and typhoons. Resistance, promote the high growth of eucalyptus, maintain straightness, increase wood production and improve wood quality at the same time, and realize no-knot cultivation; please refer to Figure 3 to Figure 6, the pruning tools include frame 1, pruning mechanism 2 and clamping Mechanism 3, pruning mechanism 2 and clamping mechanism 3 are all arranged on the frame 1. The length of the frame 1 is about 3 meters. 101, the front is provided with a rack 102, the back is provided with a handle 103, the pruning mechanism 2 includes a slide 201 and a left and right pruning member 202, the slide 201 is slidably connected with the chute 101, the slide 201 is provided with a gear 2011, and the gear 2011 Engage with the rack 102, the gear 2011 is connected with the output end of the lifting motor 203, and the left and right pruning parts 202 are arranged on the sliding seat 201, and when pruning, the tree trunk is cut from bottom to top, and the stubble length is 3 cm, so as to avoid damaging the tree trunk. Improve the photosynthetic efficiency of the top branches and leaves, and enhance the growth. The left and right pruning parts 202 include opening and closing motor 2021, tubular knife rest 2022, pruning motor 2023, steel wire rope 2024 and hob 2025, tubular knife rest 2022 is two groups of semicircular tube structures, and tubular knife rest 2022 can form a circle Shaped structure, and adapt to the trunk size of different eucalyptus trees, one end of the tubular tool holder 2022 is vertically fixed with a rotating shaft 2026, the rotating shaft 2026 can rotate through the slide seat 201 and connect with the output end of the opening and closing motor 2021, through the rotation of the opening and closing motor 2021 Two groups of tubular knife rests 2022 are opened and closed so as to be inserted into the trunk of the eucalyptus, the hob 2025 is connected in series and fixed on the wire rope 2024, and embedded in the inside of the tubular knife rest 2022, and the tubular knife rest 2022 is opened There is a bar-shaped opening 2027 extending along its length direction, half of the hob 2025 is exposed outside the bar-shaped opening 2027, and fits on the surface of the branch on the trunk to be pruned to realize the pruning action; one end of the steel wire rope 2024 can be rotated to pass through the tubular knife Frame 2022 one end, and be connected with the output end of pruning motor 2023, the other end of wire rope 2024 is connected with the other end rotation of tubular knife rest 2022 by extension spring 2028, tensions wire rope 2024 by extension spring 2028 in real time. A plurality of sockets 20221 are arranged on the lower surface of the tubular knife rest 2022, and a first pin hole 20222 is provided on the socket 20221, and a support frame 20223 is inserted on the socket 20221, and a stubble adjustment is provided on the support frame 20223. Wheel 20224, after two groups of tubular knife rests 2022 are closed, the stubble adjustment wheel 20224 faces the center of the trunk, and abuts against the outer surface of the trunk of the eucalyptus, and the support frame 20223 is provided with the second pin hole 20225, the first pin hole 20222 and the After the second pin hole 20225 is aligned, the support frame 20223 and the socket 20221 are fixedly connected by inserting the pin shaft 20226, and the depth of the stubble adjustment wheel 20224 is adjusted by moving the support frame 20223, thereby adjusting the stubble length of the eucalyptus branch. The clamping mechanism 3 includes a mounting frame 301, a clamping motor 302, a two-way screw mandrel 303 and a jaw 304, the mounting frame 301 is fixed on one end of the frame 1, the two-way screw rod 303 is rotatably set on the mounting frame 301, and the two-way screw mandrel 303 is horizontal Setting, the front of the mounting bracket 301 is provided with a passage opening 305, and one end of two groups of clamping jaws 304 is distributed through the passage opening 305 and connected to the two ends of the two-way screw rod 303, and the output end of the clamping motor 302 is connected to one end of the two-way screw rod 303, through The rotation of the clamping motor 302 drives two groups of clamping jaws 304 to close and clamp the trunk of the eucalyptus for fixing, which is convenient for pruning.

使用剪枝工具对桉树进行修枝时,移动机架1与桉树平行,使两组夹爪304对准桉树干,夹紧电机302带动双向丝杆303转动,双向丝杆303上的两组夹爪304相向移动夹持住桉树的底部,左右修枝件202上的管型刀架2022在开合电机2021的带动下旋转环绕抱合桉树的树干,升降电机203带动修剪机构2从下向上移动的同时修枝电机2023带动滚刀2025转动一次性对桉树3m以下树杈进行修剪,修剪时不易损伤树干,切口一致性好,伤面小,有效提高修剪效率的同时降低修枝成本;与现有长杆镰刀的修剪工具相比,效率提升80%以上,而且不会出现像采用长杆镰刀从上向下拉扯修剪,导致树皮被撕裂损伤、伤面大、难于愈合的现象现象产生,有效促进了桉树的高生长。When using a pruning tool to prune eucalyptus, the mobile frame 1 is parallel to the eucalyptus, so that two groups of jaws 304 are aligned with the eucalyptus trunk, and the clamping motor 302 drives the two-way screw rod 303 to rotate, and the two groups of clips on the two-way screw rod 303 Claws 304 move toward each other to hold the bottom of the eucalyptus, and the tubular knife rest 2022 on the left and right pruning parts 202 rotates around the trunk of the eucalyptus under the drive of the opening and closing motor 2021, and the lifting motor 203 drives the pruning mechanism 2 to move from bottom to top. At the same time, the pruning motor 2023 drives the hob 2025 to rotate and prunes the branches of eucalyptus below 3m at one time. The trunk is not easy to be damaged during pruning, the incision is consistent, and the wound surface is small, which effectively improves the pruning efficiency and reduces the pruning cost; Compared with the pruning tool of the long-stem sickle, the efficiency is increased by more than 80%, and there will be no phenomena like using a long-stem sickle to pull the pruning from top to bottom, causing the bark to be torn and damaged, the wound is large, and it is difficult to heal. Effectively promote the high growth of eucalyptus.

(2)山毛豆种植后一周内保持含水率70%,直到出芽成活,发现山毛豆缺苗或少苗及时补植,苗多则进行适当的间苗;山毛豆生长至10cm后覆盖防草布,再使用0.06%的钼酸铵水溶液喷施2次,两次喷施相隔时候10-15天;山毛豆每次收割后追施钙镁磷肥80kg/hm2(2) Maintain a moisture content of 70% within one week after the edamame is planted until it germinates and survive. If it is found that the edamame is short of seedlings or few seedlings are replanted in time, and if there are too many seedlings, appropriate thinning is carried out; the edamame grows to 10cm and covered with a weed-proof cloth. Then use 0.06% ammonium molybdate aqueous solution to spray 2 times, and the interval between two sprays is 10-15 days; topdressing calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 80kg/hm 2 after each harvest of edamame;

S4、收割利用:待山毛豆长至90cm后进行首次收割,此后每长到90-100cm后再次收割,每次收割留茬高度为40cm,待山毛豆再次长出新芽后重复步骤S3中山毛豆的施肥步骤;收割的山毛豆用做饲草或绿肥。S4, harvesting utilization: after the edamame grows to 90cm, harvest for the first time, then harvest again after every 90-100cm, and the stubble height of each harvest is 40cm, after the edamame grows new shoots again, repeat step S3 of the edamame Fertilization step; the harvested edamame is used as forage grass or green manure.

实施例2:Example 2:

本实施例2同实施例1结构原理及方法基本相同,不同的是在步骤S1中,树叶或山毛豆茎秆切碎后填入种植穴内,并加入秸秆腐熟剂进行15d的发酵腐化;参阅图2,在步骤S2中,桉树栽植于种植穴内后株行距为2m×6m,两行2m×3m桉树间隔6m再种两行2m×3m桉树,在6m的宽行中间种植五行山毛豆。The structure principle and method of this embodiment 2 are basically the same as those of embodiment 1, except that in step S1, the leaves or bean stalks are chopped and filled into the planting hole, and the straw decomposing agent is added for 15 days of fermentation and decay; refer to the figure 2. In step S2, after the eucalyptus is planted in the planting hole, the row spacing is 2m×6m, and two rows of 2m×3m eucalyptus are planted at an interval of 6m, and then two rows of 2m×3m eucalyptus are planted, and five-element edamame is planted in the middle of the 6m wide row.

实施例3:Example 3:

本实施例与实施例1不同的是,没有经过步骤S1林地整备,直接挖种植穴栽植桉树,其他种植方法相同。The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the planting hole is directly dug to plant eucalyptus without going through step S1 forest land preparation, and the other planting methods are the same.

实施例4:Example 4:

本实施例与实施例1不同的是,在步骤S3中在桉树生长至5m高后,采用传统的长杆镰刀进行修枝,没有采用本发明的剪枝工具对3m以下树杈进行修剪,其他种植方法相同。The difference between this embodiment and Example 1 is that after the eucalyptus grows to a height of 5m in step S3, a traditional long-stem sickle is used for pruning, and the pruning tool of the present invention is not used to prune branches below 3m. The planting method is the same.

对比例1:Comparative example 1:

请参阅图3,本对比例采用株行距2m×3m桉树纯林方式进行种植,没有进行间种山毛豆,造林后的追肥频率和追肥量与实施例1-4相同。Please refer to Fig. 3, this comparative example is planted in a pure eucalyptus stand with a row spacing of 2m×3m, without interplanting edamame, and the frequency and amount of topdressing after afforestation are the same as those in Examples 1-4.

采用本发明促进桉树生长的复合经营方法,桉树经过三年生长后,上述实施例和对比例效果参见下表:Adopt the composite management method that the present invention promotes the growth of eucalyptus, after eucalyptus grows through three years, see the table below for the above-mentioned embodiment and comparative example effect:

表1为不同种植模式下桉树生长情况对比表Table 1 is a comparison table of eucalyptus growth under different planting patterns

Figure BDA0003937966990000091
Figure BDA0003937966990000091

上表中,实施例1-4和对比例1中桉树单株的平均生长指标差异明显,其中实施例2桉树的平均树高、胸径指标最大,无山毛豆间种的对比例1最小。实施例2中桉树的株行距为2m×6m,6m的行间仍存在较大面积的林窗存在,桉树地上地下生长空间充足,而且种植前的林地整备中通过树叶和/或山毛豆茎秆进行充分发酵熟形成有机化肥,为桉树生长提供了充足的养分;且土壤PH为适合桉树生长的微酸性,桉树生长至5m高后,采用本发明的剪枝工具对3m以下树枝一次性进行修剪,减少树干伤害,提高顶部枝叶的光合效能,有效增强长势,这是造成实施例2中桉树生长最为良好的原因。实施例1、3、4比相同桉树种植密度的对比例1的单株材积分别增产了23.69%、18.56%、14.61%,在相同的桉树种植密度下,通过间种山毛豆进行固氮,改善林地环境,增加系统中吸收氮的含量,直接促进桉树的生长,其中实施例1进行了林地整备,提供的养分充足,固增产最高,实施例3没有进行林地整备,养分不够充足,固增产次之,而实施例4没有采用本发明的剪枝工具进行树杈修剪,使用长杆镰刀从上向下拉扯进行修剪,导致桉树皮被撕裂损伤,而且修剪切口不平滑、伤面大,伤口愈合慢,影响桉树的生长,固增产最少,但均比对比例1纯林有显著的增产。In the above table, the average growth index of Eucalyptus single plant in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Example 1 is significantly different, and the average tree height and diameter at breast height of Eucalyptus in Example 2 are the largest, and Comparative Example 1 without interplanting of edamame is the smallest. In Example 2, the row spacing of eucalyptus is 2m×6m, and there are still large gaps between the rows of 6m. Fully ferment and ripen to form organic fertilizer, which provides sufficient nutrients for the growth of eucalyptus; and the soil pH is slightly acidic suitable for the growth of eucalyptus, after the eucalyptus grows to a height of 5m, use the pruning tool of the present invention to prune branches below 3m at one time , reduce trunk damage, improve the photosynthetic efficiency of top branches and leaves, and effectively enhance growth, which is the reason why Eucalyptus grows the best in Example 2. The volume per plant of Examples 1, 3, and 4 increased by 23.69%, 18.56%, and 14.61% respectively compared with the comparative example 1 with the same eucalyptus planting density. Under the same eucalyptus planting density, nitrogen fixation was carried out by interplanting edamame to improve forest land environment, increase the content of absorbed nitrogen in the system, and directly promote the growth of eucalyptus. Among them, Example 1 has carried out forest land preparation, which provides sufficient nutrients and has the highest solid yield increase. , and embodiment 4 does not adopt pruning tool of the present invention to carry out tree branch pruning, uses long rod sickle to pull from top to bottom and prunes, causes eucalyptus bark to be torn and damaged, and the pruning incision is not smooth, the wound surface is large, and the wound heals Slow, affecting the growth of eucalyptus, the solid increase in yield is the least, but there is a significant increase in yield compared with comparative example 1 pure forest.

表2为各模式的山毛豆产量表Table 2 is the production table of edamame in each model

Figure BDA0003937966990000101
Figure BDA0003937966990000101

从表2可以看出,实施例1-4由于2014年5月份才种植山毛豆,因此第1年山毛豆的每平米年产量较小,均不足1kg/m2;第二年各间种方式下山毛豆的单位面积产量大幅提高,纯山毛豆、实施例1-4单位面积山毛豆年收割量分布为15.624kg/m2、13.073kg/m2、12.317kg/m2、12.854kg/m2和12.845kg/m2;到第3年,纯山毛豆单位面积产量持续增加,而实施例1-4的山毛豆产量急剧减少至第2年产量的一半以下,同时,由于实施例1、3和4以及实施例2中山毛豆均是种植在距离桉树树桩1m的种植带中,每亩林地种植山毛豆的面积仅为纯山毛豆方式的1/3和4/9,但是三年的年均产量仍然能够达到19370.04kg/m2以上,获得了相当产量的牧草饲料,是具有良好生态经济效益的林-草复合经营模式。As can be seen from Table 2, because the edamame was only planted in May 2014 in Examples 1-4, the annual output per square meter of edamame in the first year was relatively small, all less than 1kg/m 2 ; The yield per unit area of edamame is greatly increased, and the annual harvest of edamame per unit area of pure edamame and Examples 1-4 is distributed as 15.624kg/m 2 , 13.073kg/m 2 , 12.317kg/m 2 , and 12.854kg/m 2 and 12.845kg/m 2 ; to the 3rd year, the pure edamame output per unit area continues to increase, and the edamame output of embodiment 1-4 sharply reduces to below half of the 2nd year output, simultaneously, due to embodiment 1,3 And 4 and the edamame in embodiment 2 are all planted in the planting belt apart from eucalyptus stump 1m, and the area of planting edamame per mu of woodland is only 1/3 and 4/9 of the pure edamame mode, but the annual average of three years The output can still reach more than 19370.04kg/m 2 , and a considerable output of pasture feed has been obtained. It is a forest-grass compound management model with good ecological and economic benefits.

本发明的背景部分可以包含关于本发明的问题或环境的背景信息,而不一定是描述现有技术。因此,在背景技术部分中包含的内容并不是申请人对现有技术的承认。The Background of the Invention section may contain background information about the problem or circumstances of the invention without necessarily describing prior art. Accordingly, inclusion in the Background section is not an admission by the applicant of prior art.

以上内容是结合具体/优选的实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明,不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,其还可以对这些已描述的实施方式做出若干替代或变型,而这些替代或变型方式都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。在本说明书的描述中,参考术语“一种实施例”、“一些实施例”、“优选实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且,描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。在不相互矛盾的情况下,本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。尽管已经详细描述了本发明的实施例及其优点,但应当理解,在不脱离专利申请的保护范围的情况下,可以在本文中进行各种改变、替换和变更。The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific/preferred embodiments, and it cannot be assumed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, without departing from the concept of the present invention, they can also make some substitutions or modifications to the described embodiments, and these substitutions or modifications should be regarded as Belong to the protection scope of the present invention. In the description of this specification, descriptions referring to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "preferred embodiments", "examples", "specific examples" or "some examples" etc. are meant to be combined with the embodiments A specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described by or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the described specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Those skilled in the art may combine and combine different embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification without conflicting with each other. Although the embodiments of the present invention and their advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that the various changes, substitutions and alterations could be made herein without departing from the protection scope of the patent application.

Claims (10)

1.一种促进桉树生长的复合经营方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:1. a compound management method for promoting the growth of eucalyptus, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: S1、林地整备:选择坡度在20度以下,海拔高度在500米以下的林地作为种植区,在种植区内挖种植穴,将林地内的树叶和/或山毛豆茎秆切碎后填入种植穴内,并加入秸秆腐熟剂,使用稻草覆盖种植穴的穴口,进行5-15d的发酵腐化后掀开稻草覆土2-5cm厚度并加入PH调节剂;S1. Forest land preparation: Select a forest land with a slope below 20 degrees and an altitude below 500 meters as the planting area, dig planting holes in the planting area, chop the leaves and/or bean stalks in the forest land and fill them in for planting Add straw decomposing agent to the hole, cover the opening of the planting hole with straw, ferment and decompose for 5-15 days, lift the straw covering soil to a thickness of 2-5cm, and add a PH regulator; S2、造林和间种:选取桉树苗,将营养袋剪破,栽植于种植穴内,覆土压实后淋上定根水;栽植1-1.5个月后,在桉树行间与桉树行平行做垄,垄间距为1m,在垄顶开设种植沟,在种植沟底垫上发酵后的农家肥300公斤/亩作基肥,然后在种植沟内播种山毛豆并覆土,浇水至含水量为70%,使用稻草覆盖在垄顶;S2. Afforestation and interplanting: select eucalyptus saplings, cut the nutrition bags, plant them in the planting holes, cover the soil and compact them, and then sprinkle them with root-fixing water; after planting for 1-1.5 months, make ridges between the eucalyptus rows parallel to the eucalyptus rows , the distance between the ridges is 1m, and a planting ditch is opened on the top of the ridge, and 300 kg/mu of fermented farmyard manure is used as the base fertilizer on the bottom pad of the planting ditch, and then the edamame is sown in the planting ditch and covered with soil, and watered until the water content is 70%. Use straw to cover the top of the ridge; S3、林间管理:S3. Forest management: (1)桉树造林后1-2个月内,发现缺苗或死株及时补植;3个月后对桉树幼苗进行培土、扶正并覆盖防草布;种植后第一年进行3次追肥,第二年进行2次追肥,之后每年进行1次追肥;桉树生长至5m高后,使用剪枝工具对3m以下树杈进行修剪;(1) Within 1-2 months after eucalyptus afforestation, it is found that the lack of seedlings or dead plants is replanted in time; after 3 months, the eucalyptus seedlings are cultivated, straightened and covered with weed-proof cloth; after planting, topdressing is carried out 3 times in the first year, Topdressing is carried out twice in the second year, and topdressing is carried out once a year thereafter; after the eucalyptus grows to a height of 5m, use a pruning tool to prune branches below 3m; (2)山毛豆种植后一周内保持含水率70%,直到出芽成活,发现山毛豆缺苗或少苗及时补植,苗多则进行适当的间苗;山毛豆生长至10cm后覆盖防草布,再使用0.06%的钼酸铵水溶液喷施2次,两次喷施相隔时候10-15天;山毛豆每次收割后追施钙镁磷肥80kg/hm2(2) Maintain a moisture content of 70% within one week after the edamame is planted until it germinates and survive. If it is found that the edamame is short of seedlings or few seedlings are replanted in time, and if there are too many seedlings, appropriate thinning is carried out; the edamame grows to 10cm and covered with a weed-proof cloth. Then use 0.06% ammonium molybdate aqueous solution to spray 2 times, and the interval between two sprays is 10-15 days; topdressing calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 80kg/hm 2 after each harvest of edamame; S4、收割利用:待山毛豆长至90cm后进行首次收割,此后每长到90-100cm后再次收割,每次收割留茬高度为40cm,待山毛豆再次长出新芽后重复步骤S3中山毛豆的施肥步骤;收割的山毛豆用做饲草或绿肥。S4, harvesting utilization: after the edamame grows to 90cm, harvest for the first time, then harvest again after every 90-100cm, and the stubble height of each harvest is 40cm, after the edamame grows new shoots again, repeat step S3 of the edamame Fertilization step; the harvested edamame is used as forage grass or green manure. 2.如权利要求1所述的促进桉树生长的复合经营方法,其特征在于:在步骤S1中,种植穴的尺寸为30cm×30cm×50cm,加入秸秆腐熟剂后每两天掀开覆盖在种植穴上的稻草加入红糖水或洗米水并搅拌均匀,使得树叶和/或山毛豆茎秆发酵物充分与氧气接触,搅拌完成后重新覆盖稻草。2. The compound management method for promoting the growth of eucalyptus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in step S1, the size of the planting hole is 30cm×30cm×50cm, and the covering is uncovered every two days after adding the straw decomposing agent. Add brown sugar water or rice washing water to the straw on the hole and stir evenly, so that the fermented leaves and/or bean stalks are fully in contact with oxygen, and cover the straw again after the stirring is completed. 3.如权利要求1所述的促进桉树生长的复合经营方法,其特征在于:在步骤S1中,所述PH调节剂为苹果酸、柠檬酸、柠檬酸钾、苹果酸钾、氢氧化钙和氢氧化钾中的至少一种。3. the composite management method of promoting the growth of eucalyptus as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in step S1, described pH regulator is malic acid, citric acid, potassium citrate, potassium malate, calcium hydroxide and at least one of potassium hydroxide. 4.如权利要求1所述的促进桉树生长的复合经营方法,其特征在于:在步骤S2中,桉树栽植于种植穴内后株行距为2m×3m或2m×6m;当株行距为2m×3m时,两行桉树之间种植两行山毛豆;当株行距为2m×6m时,两行2m×3m桉树间隔6m再种两行2m×3m桉树,在6m的宽行中间种植五行山毛豆。4. The compound management method for promoting the growth of eucalyptus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in step S2, the row spacing of eucalyptus after planting in the planting hole is 2m×3m or 2m×6m; when the row spacing of eucalyptus is 2m×3m When planting two rows of edamame between two rows of eucalyptus; when the row spacing is 2m×6m, two rows of 2m×3m eucalyptus are planted at an interval of 6m, and then two rows of 2m×3m eucalyptus are planted, and five rows of edamame are planted in the middle of the 6m wide row. 5.如权利要求4所述的促进桉树生长的复合经营方法,其特征在于:栽植桉树苗前向每个种植穴内施氮磷钾复合基肥100g或农家肥1kg。5. The compound management method for promoting the growth of eucalyptus as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: before planting eucalyptus seedlings, apply 100 g of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound base fertilizer or 1 kg of farmyard manure to each planting hole. 6.如权利要求1所述的促进桉树生长的复合经营方法,其特征在于:在步骤S3中,桉树追施的肥料为桉树专用肥,每株为0.8kg,在环绕桉树植株半径为40cm的地面挖深度为30cm的环形沟,将肥料均匀撒环形沟内并覆土。6. the composite management method of promoting the growth of eucalyptus as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in step S3, the fertilizer that eucalyptus topdresses is the special fertilizer for eucalyptus, and every strain is 0.8kg, and it is 40cm that surrounds eucalyptus plant radius Dig a circular ditch with a depth of 30cm on the ground, spread the fertilizer evenly in the circular ditch and cover it with soil. 7.如权利要求1-6任一所述的促进桉树生长的复合经营方法,其特征在于:所述剪枝工具包括机架、修剪机构和夹紧机构,所述修剪机构和所述夹紧机构均设置在所述机架上,所述夹紧机构固定设在所述机架一端,所述机架两侧设有滑槽,正面设有齿条,所述修剪机构包括滑座和左右修枝件,所述滑座与所述滑槽滑动连接,所述滑座上设有齿轮,所述齿轮与所述齿条啮合,所述齿轮与升降电机的输出端连接,所述左右修枝件设置在所述滑座上。7. The composite management method for promoting the growth of eucalyptus as claimed in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: the pruning tool comprises a frame, a pruning mechanism and a clamping mechanism, and the pruning mechanism and the clamping mechanism Mechanisms are all arranged on the frame, the clamping mechanism is fixed at one end of the frame, slide grooves are provided on both sides of the frame, racks are provided on the front, and the trimming mechanism includes sliding seats and left and right Pruning parts, the sliding seat is slidingly connected with the chute, the sliding seat is provided with a gear, the gear is engaged with the rack, the gear is connected to the output end of the lifting motor, and the left and right trimming The branches are arranged on the sliding seat. 8.如权利要求7所述的促进桉树生长的复合经营方法,其特征在于:所述左右修枝件包括开合电机、管型刀架、修枝电机、钢丝绳和滚刀,所述管型刀架为两组半圆管结构,所述管型刀架一端部垂直固定有转轴,所述转轴可转动穿过所述滑座与所述开合电机的输出端连接,所述滚刀串接固定在所述钢丝绳上,并嵌入在所述管型刀架的内部,所述管型刀架上开设有沿其长度方向延伸的条型开口,所述钢丝绳一端穿出所述管型刀架一端,并与所述修枝电机的输出端连接,所述钢丝绳的另一端通过拉簧与所述管型刀架的另一端转动连接。8. The compound management method for promoting the growth of eucalyptus as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: the left and right pruning parts include opening and closing motors, tubular knife rests, pruning motors, steel wire ropes and hobs, and the tubular The knife rest is a two-group semicircular tube structure, and one end of the tubular knife rest is vertically fixed with a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft can rotate through the sliding seat and connect with the output end of the opening and closing motor, and the hob is connected in series It is fixed on the steel wire rope and embedded in the inside of the tubular knife holder, and the tubular knife holder is provided with a strip opening extending along its length direction, and one end of the steel wire rope passes through the tubular knife holder One end is connected with the output end of the pruning motor, and the other end of the wire rope is rotatably connected with the other end of the tubular knife rest through a tension spring. 9.如权利要求8所述的促进桉树生长的复合经营方法,其特征在于:所述管型刀架下表面设有若干插接座,所述插接座上开设有第一销孔,所述插接座上插接有支撑架,所述支撑架上设有留茬调节轮,所述支撑架上设有第二销孔,所述第一销孔与所述第二销孔对齐后通过插入销轴使所述支撑架和所述插接座固定连接。9. The compound management method for promoting the growth of eucalyptus as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: the lower surface of the tubular tool holder is provided with a number of sockets, and the sockets are provided with first pin holes, so that A support frame is plugged into the socket, the support frame is provided with a stubble adjustment wheel, the support frame is provided with a second pin hole, and the first pin hole is aligned with the second pin hole. The support frame is fixedly connected to the socket by inserting a pin shaft. 10.如权利要求9所述的促进桉树生长的复合经营方法,其特征在于:所述夹紧机构包括安装架、夹紧电机、双向丝杆和夹爪,所述安装架固定在所述机架一端,所述双向丝杆可转动设置所述安装架上,所述安装架正面设有一通过口,所述夹爪一端穿过所述通过口连接在所述双向丝杆上,所述夹紧电机的输出端与所述双向丝杆一端连接。10. The compound management method for promoting the growth of eucalyptus as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: the clamping mechanism comprises a mounting frame, a clamping motor, a two-way screw mandrel and jaws, and the mounting frame is fixed on the machine One end of the frame, the two-way screw rod can be rotatably installed on the mounting frame, the front of the mounting frame is provided with a through opening, and one end of the jaw is connected to the two-way screw rod through the through opening. The output end of the tight motor is connected with one end of the two-way screw rod.
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