CN104996016B - Self-propelled double-layer straw and surface soil mulching machine for orchard - Google Patents
Self-propelled double-layer straw and surface soil mulching machine for orchard Download PDFInfo
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- CN104996016B CN104996016B CN201510486957.6A CN201510486957A CN104996016B CN 104996016 B CN104996016 B CN 104996016B CN 201510486957 A CN201510486957 A CN 201510486957A CN 104996016 B CN104996016 B CN 104996016B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a self-propelled double-layer straw and surface soil mulching machine for an orchard, and relates to the field of orchard machinery. The mulching machine is characterized in that a straw material box is mounted on the frame of the mulching machine; the bottom of the straw material box adopts a V-shaped structure; a discharge roller is arranged at a position above the bottom opening of the V-shaped structure; the chute body of a straw discharge chute below the bottom opening is inclined forwards and downwards; a covering roller is arranged in front of the bottom of the mulching machine and connected to a position below one side of the outlet of the straw discharge chute; the covering roller is positioned below the straw discharge chute; the covering roller can go up and down under the action of a hydraulic hoist cylinder. According to the self-propelled double-layer straw and surface soil mulching machine for the orchard, provided by the invention, ground among tree lines of the orchard can be covered with straws, and the straw layer is then covered with thin soil in a pressing manner, so that the mulching machine is suitable for mechanized straw mulching of orchards or other agricultural lands, has effects of preserving soil moisture, saving water, suppressing weeds, increasing organic matter content in soil, preserving heat and preventing freeze, improving soil property and soil microenvironments and the like, is particularly suitable for dwarfing rootstock apple orchards, can further reduce the straw mulching cost, promote the scale utilization of straws and can realize agricultural income increase and efficiency growth.
Description
Technical field
The present invention discloses a kind of self-propelled orchard stalk and topsoil bilayer covering machine, belongs to agricultural mechanical field and straw
Stalk utilization of resources field, more particularly to orchard improving straw mulching machineryization field.
Background technology
The fast development of 30 years since the reform and opening-up, China has become state of fruit sparetime university, fruit industry scale fast development, apple
Really, the cultivated area such as pears, peach, grape, oranges and tangerines reached the whole world first, current China fruit industry also from " quantity size " to
The stage of " quality and benifit " type transformation.But compared with developed countries, the fruit industry product quality of China is low and industrial benefit not
Height, wherein the main cause for causing this problem is that China's orchard soil more hungry soil water shortage is serious.NORTHWEST CHINA drought plateau
The content of organic matter in apple orchard is generally below 1.0%, and the apple orchard content of organic matter of American-European countries is generally more than 3.0%,
The Japanese apple orchard content of organic matter has been even up to 6.8%；Arid, semiarid zone soil Seasonal Water-Deficit are also commonplace.Cause
This, in northern China drought plateau and southwest, orchard retains and conserve soil moisture, improve soil organic matter content has become the weight of orchard management
In it is weight.
Orchard management aspect, external orchard soil administrative skill is many orchard ground cover cultivations, and orchard ground cover cultivation can change
Kind soil physical and chemical property, strengthens guarantor, water-holding capacity and WUEL, increases soil organic matter content and micro organism quantity,
Improve orchard environment, improve fruit quality and yield.And China orchard is mostly distributed arid, semiarid zone, soil has
It is relatively low that machine matter compares more external content, should not adopt Sod culture, drought-hit area Sod culture that showing for grass contention Fruit Tree Moisture can occur
As, annual precipitation infiltration capacity is not only consumed, but also deep soil live storage is constantly utilized, cause deep soil moisture to lack
Lose, grass can also fight for nutrient with fruit tree, cause fruit quality to decline yield and reduce.And China's orchard buried pipe manages edge for a long time
Ploughed with clear, this soil management system is unfavorable to growth and development of fruit tree by practice.Recently as constantly practice and
Summarize, China starts using Orchard mulch technology.At present overwhelming majority area mainly adopts covering with ground sheeting, but the increasing of covering with ground sheeting
Product is to consume soil fertility as cost.Covering with ground sheeting reduces resolution ratio of the organic materials in soil, contains the soil organism
Amount declines, and enzymatic activity declines, and the functional diversity of edaphon is also affected, so as to affect soil fertility and soil ecology system
System function.
By research, improving straw mulching technology is taken in orchard that is low on soil depletion, fertility, easily being affected by weather and temperature,
By common agricultural wastes, such as maize straw, straw, bark, sawdust, pine needle, shell, the scraps of paper are covered in naked around fruit tree
The soil surface of dew, covers again above one layer of thin soil, can not only reduce the evaporation of soil moisture, to forming soil granular, protecting
Fertilizer soil moisture conservation, the increase of the soil organism and biologically active and improve fruit quality and have a significant effect, and the thin soil layer for covering
It is to play a part of to prevent covering to be blown to four winds and fire preventing.Orchard improving straw mulching technology is that solution is arid, half-dried
Nonirrigated farmland area, because of the effective measures of rich water shortage restriction orchard upgrading volume increase, is also the important life of developing ecology fruit industry, organic fruit industry
One of product technology.
The application of orchard improving straw mulching technology can not only improve soil quality, and orchard periphery agricultural is also solved well
The recycling problem of discarded object.According to United Nations Environment Programme, China's agricultural crop straw annual production is 700,000,000 tons or so, row
First of the world, 3.53 hundred million tons of tandard coal amount is converted into, account for 30% or so of whole world stalk total amount.But China's straw from village resource
High consumption, high pollution, the situation of low output are completely in, only minority stalk is used as natural pond processed, feed, fertilizer and industry original
Material, considerable a part of agricultural crop straw is thrown aside or is burned, and does not obtain rational exploitation and utilization.Current China straw
Stalk utilization rate is about 33%, and wherein most does not add process, and what is utilized after technical finesse only accounts for 2.6%.And cause stalk
The one of the main reasons not being used appropriately is that the distribution density of stalk resource is low, not easily collecting.With improving straw mulching technology
Using popularization, the waste straw of orchard periphery will be collected recycling.Effectively solve the problems, such as that stalk resource is wasted.
At present, fruit industry production technology in the world's develops towards intensive, standardization, mechanization, modernization and inexpensive direction.
In the world many apple production big countries a general piece adopt the intensive efficiency cultivation technology for high of apple dwarf, it is many country it is short when apple
Oneself accounts for more than 90%.The Heterosis that the intensive efficiency cultivation technology for high of apple dwarf is projected are Cold region apple abundance, efficiency
Height, fruit high-quality, time saving and energy saving, its comprehensive production efficiency is compared more traditional arbor apple orchard and is increased significantly.Compare and
Speech, China is presently mainly tall anvil apple, accounts for 90%, and short anvil apple only accounts for 10% or so.Therefore, following 10-20, I
State will welcome the high speed development upsurge that an Apple Culture technology upgrading is regenerated.In recent years, the apple cultivation area such as Shaanxi, Shandong oneself
Start scale to introduce.As the advanced technologies such as fruit dwarfing technology, particularly short anvil apple intensive culture technique are in China
Popularization, orchard is spacious in the ranks, and tree-like specification will provide convenience for orchard operation machineryization.
At present, the laying of orchard stalk fully relies on manpower by stalk bedding in the ranks, and overwrite procedure takes time and effort.With
Downgrade the popularization on a large scale of intensive efficiency cultivation technology for high, the continuous expansion of orchard area, the labour intensity of corresponding improving straw mulching
Increase, therefore, change the simple and crude method of orchard improving straw mulching in the past, study orchard improving straw mulching machineryization technology and develop fruit
Garden improving straw mulching work tool, is the key for playing orchard improving straw mulching technical benefits, is also to realize stalk resource high additional
The important channel of efficient utilization in the fruit industry of value, is to improve orchard soil moisture, the content of organic matter, realizes orchard high-yield and high-efficiency
Important leverage.
At present foreign countries yet there are no any relevant report in orchard improving straw mulching machineryization technical research and application aspect.And state
Interior patent CN204377363U found and CN204377459U orchards straw covering machine are by one band of tractor-drawn
The trailer for having stalk hopper carries out operation, and the advantage of this covering machine is that simple structure, with low cost, engine versatility are good.
But its shortcoming is obvious：Structure is not compact, function is not single-minded, inefficiency, work when radius of turn it is excessive, plant it is intensive and
Turn around space it is not abundant under conditions of it is extremely inconvenient, a kind of self-propelled orchard stalk disclosed by the invention is double-deck with topsoil
Covering machine, can solve the problem that existing orchard straw covering machine radius of turn is big and the problem of inconvenience of turning around, and improve the work of covering machine
Make efficiency, promote application of the improving straw mulching technology in orchard, improve the reuse ratio of waste straw, economize on resources, protection ring
Border, improves orchard soil fertility and improves fruit quality, realizes increasing peasant income, growth of agricultural efficiency.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention:A kind of self-propelled orchard stalk and topsoil bilayer covering machine are disclosed, can be improved existing
The problem that orchard straw covering machine is present in technology, realizes orchard improving straw mulching with top layer earthing lid pressure mechanization of operation, specification
Change, the covering function promotes the popularization and application of orchard improving straw mulching technology, reduce orchard improving straw mulching operating cost, improve orchard
Soil regime, promotes the extensive efficient utilization of fruit area periphery stalk, realizes increasing peasant income, growth of agricultural efficiency.
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention:Described self-propelled orchard stalk is with topsoil bilayer covering machine with which kind of
The Nomenclature Composition and Structure of Complexes is realized solving the problems, such as that existing orchard straw covering machine radius of turn is excessive and inconvenience of turning around.And can complete
Orchard improving straw mulching, and one layer of thin scholar is covered in straw mulching layer, and make straw substrate cladding thickness and thin soil lid pressure thickness
It is uniform adjustable, so as to optimize existing improving straw mulching machineryization scheme, the operating efficiency of covering machine is improved, reduce orchard stalk and cover
Lid operating cost, improves orchard soil situation, promotes the extensive efficient utilization of fruit area periphery stalk.
Garden improving straw mulching machineryization is realized, needs are completed according to following processing step：
（1）Stalk is in small, broken bits：Agricultural crop straw is processed into into broken section of stalk.
（2）Orchard improving straw mulching substrate preparation：In step（1）Appropriate soil nutrient thing is added in broken section of described stalk
Matter or soil structure improved addictive material, and appropriate desinsection, sterilization treatment are carried out as needed, form orchard improving straw mulching matrix.
（3）Orchard soil is ploughed whole：With agricultural machinery, to orchard, in the ranks soil carries out cultivated pine, hack and leveling operation.
（4）Straw substrate is covered：By step（1）Or step（2）Described stalk（Broken section）Matrix machinery is covered in fruit
Soil surface of the garden in the ranks or between strain, cladding thickness is as far as possible uniform.
（5）Thin soil lid pressure：With machinery in step（4）The straw substrate layer top of the covering covers one layer of hack, will cover
The straw substrate layer thin soil lid pressure of lid, forms stalk with the double-deck covering of topsoil.
In order to solve the technical problem to be solved in the present invention, The present invention gives technical scheme below：
A kind of self-propelled orchard stalk and topsoil bilayer covering machine, it is characterised in that comprising two schemes, scheme one
Engine be arranged on stalk hopper rear, the engine of scheme two is arranged on the front of stalk hopper, the back lower place of driver's cabin.
Cover and stalk hopper is installed on locomotive frame, the bottom of stalk hopper is " V " shape structure, and " V " shape structural base is opened
Mouth connects with stalk blow tank, and its bottom opening top is provided with a discharge roller, and the cell body of stalk blow tank dips down forward
Tiltedly；Covering in front of motor spindle, mounting an earthing roller, the position of earthing roller is being in the side-lower of the outlet of stalk blow tank,
Earthing roller is axially installed with several earthing roller blades, forms hollow roll structure, and earthing roller blade is similar steel angle structure, covers
The angle in two faces of native roller blade, width of blade according to how many customizations of earthing amount, the setting angle of earthing roller blade according to
The how rare specific angle of earthing amount.Earthing roller is rotated in a clockwise direction under power drive during work, earthing roller bottom
Earthing roller blade bury, soil is scooped up, with rotation, soil is elevated and is rotated through earthing roller peak, goes to away from covering
After about 225 ° of native roller minimum point, the soil for taking up slides under gravity along earthing roller blade, drops into the rear portion of earthing roller,
The stalk layer for above landing is covered, thin soil lid pressure is completed.
In scheme one, described self-propelled orchard stalk is defeated by engine power output shaft with topsoil bilayer covering machine
Go out power, Jing driving-chains I, chain wheel I, chain wheel II, driving-chain II pass to gearbox, drive the walking of covering machine.Earthing roller it is dynamic
Power is exported by engine power output shaft, and Jing driving-chains I, chain wheel I, power transmission shaft, sprocket wheel V, driving-chain IV, sprocket wheel VI are passed
Earthing roller is passed, the earthing roller blade rotation of earthing roller is driven.The power of discharge roller is exported by engine power output shaft, and Jing is passed
Dynamic chain I, chain wheel I, power transmission shaft, sprocket wheel III, driving-chain III, sprocket wheel IV pass to discharge roller, drive discharge roller rotation, stir
The uniform blanking of straw substrate.
In scheme two, described self-propelled orchard stalk is defeated by engine power output shaft with topsoil bilayer covering machine
Go out power, Jing driving-chains I, chain wheel I, chain wheel II, driving-chain II pass to gearbox, drive the walking of covering machine.Earthing roller it is dynamic
Power is exported by engine power output shaft, Jing driving-chains I, chain wheel I, power transmission shaft, sprocket wheel III, driving-chain III, sprocket wheel IV, chain
Wheel V, driving-chain IV, sprocket wheel VI pass to earthing roller, drive the earthing roller blade rotation of earthing roller.The power of discharge roller by send out
Motivation power output shaft is exported, and Jing driving-chains I, chain wheel I, power transmission shaft, sprocket wheel III, driving-chain III, the transmission of sprocket wheel IV are given
Material roller, drives discharge roller rotation, stirs the uniform blanking of straw substrate.
Described discharge roller is arranged on stalk hopper inside " V " shape structural base overthe openings, its axis direction and stalk
Hopper length direction is vertical；Discharge roller rotates under the drive of sprocket wheel IV, makes straw substrate uniform discharge and controls load；Discharging
There is spike-tooth or the arrangement of convex-concave, spike-tooth or convex-concave to have certain directionality on the roll surface of roller, straw substrate is forced in stalk
Even drop down is discharged on blow tank length direction；Install speed adjusting gear additional and change discharge roller rotating speed, be capable of achieving straw substrate load,
That is the regulation and control of straw substrate overburden cover.
The rotating shaft two ends of described earthing roller are connected with lifting arm, and the upper end of lifting arm is suspended on bottom of frame, lifting arm
Connecting rod on be socketed a pair of hydraulic lifting oil cylinders, the upper end of hydraulic lifting oil cylinder is hinged and is suspended on bottom of frame；Carrying out orchard
When improving straw mulching works, the elongation of hydraulic lifting oil cylinder drives whole earthing roller to rotate around hitch point, declines earthing roller, covers
Native roller blade buries；When without earthing, hydraulic lifting oil cylinder shortens, and drives whole earthing roller to rotate around hitch point, makes to cover
Native roller rises.
The hack that described thin soil lid pressure needs by earthing roller, fetch earth by the scene in operation process.
Described self-propelled orchard stalk is dynamic with the walking power of topsoil bilayer covering machine, earthing roller and discharge roller
Power transfer mode can be using V belt translation or Chain conveyer.
Described orchard improving straw mulching device is applied to Arid＆semi-arid area or seasonal drought area need soil moisture conservation,
The orchard or soil of water saving, or need to improve soil organic matter content, improve soil property and geobiont microenvironment orchard or
Soil, or need to suppress the orchard or soil of orchard weed, or the orchard to soil heat preservation or soil are needed, or it is comprehensive
The orchard or soil of above-mentioned various needs, is particularly suitable for the dwarfing orchard of intensive culture, such as short anvil apple orchard.
A kind of self-propelled orchard stalk and topsoil bilayer covering machine, operation principle is as follows：
It is thin that a kind of self-propelled orchard stalk of the present invention can complete orchard soil with topsoil bilayer covering machine
Broken and smooth, straw substrate is covered and thin soil lid pressure step, and by taking scheme one as an example, detailed process and operation principle are expressed as follows：
Self-propelled orchard stalk exports power, Jing driving-chains with topsoil bilayer covering machine by engine power output shaft
Ith, chain wheel I, chain wheel II, driving-chain II pass to gearbox, drive the walking of covering machine.
In orchard improving straw mulching operation is carried out, the elongation of hydraulic lifting oil cylinder drives whole earthing roller to revolve around hitch point
Turn, decline earthing roller, earthing roller blade buries；Covering machine in the ranks at the uniform velocity advances in orchard, and engine outputs power, and Jing is passed
Dynamic chain I, chain wheel I, power transmission shaft, sprocket wheel V, driving-chain IV, sprocket wheel VI pass to earthing roller, drive the earthing roller of earthing roller
Vane clockwise direction rotates, and the earthing roller blade of earthing roller bottom buries, and soil is scooped up, and with rotation, soil is elevated simultaneously
Earthing roller peak is rotated through, is gone to after about 225 ° of earthing roller minimum point, the soil for taking up is under gravity along earthing
Roller blade slides, and drops into the rear portion of earthing roller, and the stalk layer for above landing is covered, and completes thin soil lid pressure.
Engine power output shaft outputs power, Jing driving-chains I, chain wheel I, power transmission shaft, sprocket wheel III, driving-chain
IIIth, sprocket wheel IV passes to discharge roller, drives discharge roller rotation, stirs the uniform blanking of straw substrate.Have on the roll surface of discharge roller
The arrangement of spike-tooth or convex-concave, spike-tooth or convex-concave has certain directionality, forces straw substrate in stalk blow tank length direction
Upper even drop down is discharged.The position of earthing roller is in the side-lower of the outlet of stalk blow tank, the outlet of stalk blow tank with cover
Certain gap is kept between native roller blade outer rim.
Overburden cover is adjusted：In the case of traveling constant airspeed, change rotating speed, surface structure and the straw of discharge roller
The thickness of the adjustable straw substrate coating of the size of stalk blow tank；Changing the width and setting angle of earthing roller blade can adjust
The thickness of whole thin soil lid laminate layer.
In non-covered working condition, hydraulic lifting oil cylinder shrinks, and drives whole earthing roller to rotate around hitch point, makes earthing
Roller rises；Power transmission shaft power output is cut off, and earthing roller and discharge roller stop the rotation, and stalk blow tank is blocked by discharge roller,
Stop discharging.
Advantageous Effects：Technical scheme can realize orchard improving straw mulching with top layer earthing lid pressure working rig
Tool, standardization, promote the popularization and application of orchard improving straw mulching technology, reduce orchard improving straw mulching operating cost, improve orchard
Soil regime, substitutes orchard ground cover technology, promotes the extensive efficient utilization of fruit area periphery stalk, realizes increasing peasant income, and agricultural increases
Effect.
Description of the drawings：
1. the chain wheel II of 2. stalk hopper of driver's cabin, 3. engine, 4. power output shaft, 5. driving-chain, I 6. vehicle frame 7.
8. the engine radiating of 9. driving-chain of chain wheel I, II 10. stalk blow tank, 11. lifting arm, 12. earthing roller, 13. gearbox 14.
The hydraulic pressure liter of 15. hopper front support gusset of device, 16. III 19. sprocket wheel of earthing roller blade 17. sprocket wheel, IV 18. driving-chain VI 20.
The power transmission shaft 26. of III 23. 24. sprocket wheel of hopper rear support gusset of drop 21. driving-chain of oil cylinder, IV 22. sprocket wheel V 25. goes out
Material roller
Fig. 1 is a kind of self-propelled orchard stalk and the left side overall construction drawing of topsoil bilayer covering machine scheme one
Fig. 2 is a kind of self-propelled orchard stalk and the right side overall construction drawing of topsoil bilayer covering machine scheme one
Fig. 3 is a kind of self-propelled orchard stalk and the top view of topsoil bilayer covering machine scheme one
Fig. 4 is a kind of self-propelled orchard stalk and the upward view of topsoil bilayer covering machine scheme one
Fig. 5 is the structure chart of a kind of self-propelled orchard stalk and the earthing roller of topsoil bilayer covering machine scheme one
Fig. 6 is a kind of self-propelled orchard stalk and the power transmission sketch of topsoil bilayer covering machine scheme one
Fig. 7 is a kind of self-propelled orchard stalk and the left side overall construction drawing of topsoil bilayer covering machine scheme two
Fig. 8 is a kind of self-propelled orchard stalk and the right side overall construction drawing of topsoil bilayer covering machine scheme two
Fig. 9 is a kind of self-propelled orchard stalk and the power transmission sketch of topsoil bilayer covering machine scheme two
Embodiment
The present embodiment is to carry out improving straw mulching machinery in short anvil apple orchard to be turned into industry.3.5 meters of short anvil apple orchard line space
～4.5 meters, tree-like tree crown is neat.
Improving straw mulching is carried out in the short anvil apple orchard of intensive cultivating, needs are completed according to following processing step：
（1）Stalk is in small, broken bits：Agricultural crop straw is processed into into broken section of stalk.
（2）Orchard improving straw mulching substrate preparation：In step（1）Appropriate soil nutrient thing is added in broken section of described stalk
Matter or soil structure improved addictive material, and appropriate desinsection, sterilization treatment are carried out as needed, form orchard improving straw mulching matrix.
（3）Orchard soil is ploughed whole：With agricultural machinery, to orchard, in the ranks soil carries out cultivated pine, hack and leveling operation.
（4）Straw substrate is covered：By step（1）Or step（2）Described stalk（Broken section）Matrix machinery is covered in fruit
Soil surface of the garden in the ranks or between strain, cladding thickness is as far as possible uniform.
（5）Thin soil lid pressure：With machinery in step（4）The straw substrate layer top of the covering covers one layer of hack, will cover
The straw substrate layer thin soil lid pressure of lid, forms stalk with the double-deck covering of topsoil.
As shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 9, the described double-deck covering machine of a kind of self-propelled orchard stalk and topsoil, two schemes
Power is exported by 3 power output shaft of engine 4, Jing driving-chains I 5, chain wheel I 8, chain wheel II 7, driving-chain II 9 pass to speed change
Case 13, drives the walking of covering machine.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 7 and Figure 8, described a kind of self-propelled orchard stalk and topsoil bilayer covering machine,
In two schemes, cover and stalk hopper 2 is installed on locomotive frame 6, the bottom of stalk hopper 2 is " V " shape structure, " V " shape structure bottom
Portion's opening connects with stalk blow tank 10, and its bottom opening top is provided with a discharge roller 26, the cell body of stalk blow tank 10
It is downward-sloping forward；In the bottom front of vehicle frame 6, an earthing roller 12 is mounted, earthing roller 12 is located at the lower section of stalk hopper 2, covers
Native roller 12 is axially installed with several earthing roller blades 16, forms hollow roll structure, and earthing roller 13 is in power drive during work
Under be rotated in a clockwise direction, the earthing roller blade 16 of the bottom of earthing roller 13 buries, and soil is scooped up, and with rotation, soil is carried
The peak of earthing roller 13 is risen and be rotated through, is gone to after about 225 ° of the minimum point of earthing roller 13, the soil for taking up is in Action of Gravity Field
Lower edge earthing roller blade 16 slides, and drops into the rear portion of earthing roller 13, and the stalk layer for above landing is covered, and completes thin soil lid
Pressure.
As shown in fig. 6, the power of the earthing roller 12 described in scheme one is outputed power by the power output shaft 4 of engine 3, Jing
Driving-chain I 5, chain wheel I 8, power transmission shaft 25, sprocket wheel V 24, driving-chain IV 21, sprocket wheel VI 19 pass to earthing roller 12, drive
The earthing roller blade 16 of earthing roller rotates.The power of described discharge roller 26 is outputed power by the power output shaft 4 of engine 3,
Jing driving-chains I 5, chain wheel I 8, power transmission shaft 25, sprocket wheel III 22, driving-chain III 18, sprocket wheel IV 17 pass to discharge roller 26, band
Dynamic discharge roller 26 rotates, and stirs the uniform blanking of straw substrate.
As shown in figure 9, the power of the earthing roller 12 described in scheme two is outputed power by the power output shaft 4 of engine 3, Jing
Driving-chain I 5, chain wheel I 8, power transmission shaft 25, sprocket wheel III 22, driving-chain III 18, sprocket wheel IV 17, sprocket wheel V 24, driving-chain IV
21st, sprocket wheel VI 19 passes to earthing roller 12, and the earthing roller blade 16 for driving earthing roller rotates.The power of described discharge roller 26 by
The power output shaft 4 of engine 3 outputs power, Jing driving-chains I 5, chain wheel I 8, power transmission shaft 25, sprocket wheel III 22, driving-chain III
18th, sprocket wheel IV 17 passes to discharge roller 26, drives discharge roller 26 to rotate, and stirs the uniform blanking of straw substrate.
As shown in figure 3, in two kinds of designs, described discharge roller 26 is arranged on the inside " V " shape structure bottom of stalk hopper 2
Portion's overthe openings, its axis direction is vertical with the length direction of stalk hopper 2；Discharge roller 26 rotates under the drive of sprocket wheel IV 17, makes
Straw substrate uniform discharge；There is spike-tooth or the arrangement of convex-concave, spike-tooth or convex-concave to have certain side on the roll surface of discharge roller 26
Tropism, forces straw substrate even drop down on the length direction of stalk blow tank 10 to be discharged；Speed adjusting gear can be installed additional to change
The material rotating speed of roller 26, to realize straw substrate load, the i.e. regulation and control of straw substrate overburden cover.
As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 5 and Fig. 7, in two schemes, the rotating shaft two ends of described earthing roller 12 are connected with lifting arm 11,
The upper end of lifting arm 11 is suspended on the bottom of vehicle frame 6, and a pair of hydraulic lifting oil cylinders 20, hydraulic lifting are socketed on the connecting rod of lifting arm 11
The upper end of oil cylinder 20 is hinged and is suspended on the bottom of vehicle frame 6；When orchard improving straw mulching work is carried out, hydraulic lifting oil cylinder 20 extends,
Drive whole earthing roller to rotate around hitch point, decline earthing roller 12, earthing roller blade 16 buries；When without earthing, liquid
Pressure hoist cylinder contracting 20 is short, drives whole earthing roller 12 to rotate around hitch point, earthing roller 12 is increased.
The hack that described thin soil lid pressure needs by earthing roller, fetch earth by the scene in operation process.
In the present embodiment, described a kind of self-propelled orchard stalk is adopted with the walking power of topsoil bilayer covering machine
With V belt translation, earthing roller 12, the power delivery mode of discharge roller 26 can adopt Chain conveyer, V belt translation may also be employed.
Described orchard improving straw mulching device is applied to Arid＆semi-arid area or seasonal drought area need soil moisture conservation,
The orchard or soil of water saving, or need to improve soil organic matter content, improve soil property and geobiont microenvironment orchard or
Soil, or need to suppress the orchard or soil of orchard weed, or the orchard to soil heat preservation or soil are needed, or it is comprehensive
The orchard or soil of above-mentioned various needs, is particularly suitable for the dwarfing orchard of intensive culture, such as short anvil apple orchard.
Further illustrate the operation principle of a kind of self-propelled orchard stalk of the present invention and topsoil bilayer covering machine：
It is thin that a kind of self-propelled orchard stalk of the present invention can complete orchard soil with topsoil bilayer covering machine
Broken and smooth, straw substrate is covered and thin soil lid pressure step, and by taking scheme one as an example, detailed process and operation principle are expressed as follows：
As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, in orchard improving straw mulching operation is carried out, hydraulic lifting oil cylinder 20 extends, and drives whole
Individual earthing roller 12 rotates around hitch point, declines earthing roller 12, and earthing roller blade 16 buries；Covering machine in orchard in the ranks at the uniform velocity
Advance, the power output shaft 4 of engine 3 outputs power, Jing driving-chains I 5, chain wheel I 8, power transmission shaft 25, sprocket wheel V 24, biography
Dynamic chain IV 21, sprocket wheel VI 19 pass to earthing roller 12, the earthing roller blade 16 for driving earthing roller rotates, and the bottom of earthing roller 12 is covered
Native roller blade 16 buries, and soil is scooped up, and with rotation, soil is elevated and is rotated through the peak of earthing roller 12, goes to away from covering
After about 225 ° of the minimum point of native roller 12, the soil for taking up slides under gravity along earthing roller blade 16, drops into earthing roller 12
Rear portion, by the stalk layer for above landing cover, complete thin soil lid pressure.
As shown in fig. 6, the power of discharge roller 26 is outputed power by the power output shaft 4 of engine 3, Jing driving-chains I 5, chain
Take turns I 8, power transmission shaft 25, sprocket wheel III 22, driving-chain III 18, sprocket wheel IV 17 and pass to discharge roller 26, drive discharge roller 26 to revolve
Turn, stir the uniform blanking of straw substrate.The arrangement on the roll surface of discharge roller 26 with spike-tooth or convex-concave, spike-tooth or convex-concave has one
Fixed directionality, forces straw substrate even drop down on the length direction of stalk blow tank 10 to be discharged.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 5, the position of earthing roller 12 is in the side-lower of the outlet of stalk blow tank 10, stalk discharging
Certain gap is kept between the outlet of groove 10 and the outer rim of earthing roller blade 16.
Overburden cover is adjusted：In the case of traveling constant airspeed, change the rotating speed of discharge roller 26, surface structure and
The thickness of the adjustable straw substrate coating of the size of stalk blow tank 10；Change the width and setting angle of earthing roller blade 16
The thickness of thin soil lid laminate layer can be adjusted.
In non-covered working condition, hydraulic lifting oil cylinder 20 shrinks, and drives whole earthing roller 12 to rotate around hitch point, makes
Earthing roller 12 rises；Power transmission shaft 25 exports power cut, and earthing roller 12 and discharge roller 26 stop the rotation, stalk blow tank 10
Blocked by discharge roller 26, stop discharging.
Hereinafter 3 points need special instruction：
1. a kind of orchard improving straw mulching device of the invention is applied also in arid half in addition to short anvil apple orchard is particularly well-suited to
Arid area or seasonal drought area need to preserve soil moisture, economizes on water other orchards or soil, or need to improve soil organic
Matter content, improves other orchards or soil of soil property and geobiont microenvironment, or needs to suppress other fruits of orchard weed
Garden or soil, or need other orchards to soil heat preservation or soil, or the various needs of summary other orchards or
Soil.
2. the work tool such as earthing roller of the present invention rotary tillage not of the prior art, rake, but it is native, broken with throwing
The device of soil various effects such as pacifically, its Main Function is to throw soil, and its power demand is less.Thus in improving straw mulching operation
Before, need first whole in the ranks ploughing with other agricultural machinery.
3. description of the invention and accompanying drawing give some technical scheme details for clear explanation technical scheme, this
A little details are not to the restriction of claims of the present invention.Any deformation that these details are made or modification, without departing from this
Invention protective scope of the claims.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of self-propelled orchard stalk and topsoil bilayer covering machine, it is characterised in that described covering machine is self-propelled
, provide locomotor activity for oneself；The vehicle frame of covering machine（6）On stalk hopper is installed（2）, engine（3）Installed in stalk hopper（2）
Rear, stalk hopper（2）Bottom be " V " shape structure, " V " shape structural base opening and stalk blow tank（10）Connect, its bottom
Portion's overthe openings are provided with a discharge roller（26）, stalk blow tank（10）Cell body it is downward-sloping forward；In vehicle frame（6）Bottom
Front, mounts an earthing roller（12）, can oscilaltion, earthing roller（12）Be axially installed with several earthing roller blades（16）,
Hollow roll structure is formed, the position of earthing roller is in stalk blow tank（10）Outlet side-lower, stalk blow tank（10）
Outlet and earthing roller blade（16）Certain gap is kept between outer rim；
Described a kind of self-propelled orchard stalk and topsoil bilayer covering machine, by straw substrate uniform fold in orchard in the ranks
Ground, forms straw mulching layer, and one layer of thin soil is covered above straw mulching layer, forms thin soil lid laminate layer；
Walking power is by engine（3）Power output shaft（4）Output power, Jing driving-chains I（5）, chain wheel I（8）, chain wheel II（7）、
Driving-chain II（9）Pass to gearbox（13）, drive the walking of covering machine；Earthing roller（12）Power by engine（3）Power is defeated
Shaft（4）Output power, Jing driving-chains I（5）, chain wheel I（8）, power transmission shaft（25）, sprocket wheel V（24）, driving-chain IV
（21）, sprocket wheel VI（19）Pass to earthing roller（12）, drive the earthing roller blade of earthing roller（16）Rotation；Discharge roller（26）It is dynamic
Power is by engine（3）Power output shaft（4）Output power, Jing driving-chains I（5）, chain wheel I（8）, power transmission shaft（25）, chain
Wheel III（22）, driving-chain III（18）, sprocket wheel IV（17）Pass to discharge roller（26）, drive discharge roller（26）Rotation, stirs stalk
The uniform blanking of matrix；
Discharge roller（26）Installed in stalk hopper（2）Internal " V " shape structural base overthe openings, its axis direction and stalk material
Case（2）Length direction is vertical；Discharge roller（26）In sprocket wheel IV（17）Lower rotation is driven, straw substrate uniform discharge is made and is controlled out
Doses.
2. a kind of self-propelled orchard stalk according to claim 1 and topsoil bilayer covering machine, it is characterised in that go out
Material roller（26）Roll surface on there is spike-tooth or convex-concave, spike-tooth or convex-concave arrangement there is certain directionality, force straw substrate
In stalk blow tank（10）Even drop down is discharged on length direction；Install speed adjusting gear additional and change discharge roller（26）Rotating speed, is capable of achieving
Straw substrate load, the i.e. regulation and control of straw substrate overburden cover.
3. a kind of self-propelled orchard stalk according to claim 1 and topsoil bilayer covering machine, it is characterised in that cover
Native roller（12）Rotating shaft two ends and lifting arm（11）It is connected, lifting arm（11）Upper end be suspended on vehicle frame（6）Bottom, lifting arm
（11）Connecting rod on be socketed a pair of hydraulic lifting oil cylinders（20）, hydraulic lifting oil cylinder（20）Upper end be hinged and be suspended on vehicle frame（6）
Bottom；When orchard improving straw mulching work is carried out, hydraulic lifting oil cylinder（20）Elongation, drives whole earthing roller（12）Around suspension
Point rotation, makes earthing roller（12）Decline, earthing roller blade（16）Bury；When earthing is not needed, hydraulic lifting oil cylinder（20）Contracting
It is short, drive whole earthing roller（12）Around hitch point rotation, earthing roller is made（12）Rise.
4. a kind of self-propelled orchard stalk according to claim 1 and topsoil bilayer covering machine, it is characterised in that institute
The hack that the thin soil lid pressure stated needs is by earthing roller（12）Scene is fetched earth in operation process.
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| CN106258037B (en) * | 2016-11-07 | 2018-10-02 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of crawler type orchard straw covering machine |
| CN106358462B (en) * | 2016-11-07 | 2018-10-02 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of double helix earthing formula orchard straw covering machine |
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| CN110896693B (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2021-02-05 | 窦元 | Traveling-interval continuous seeding equipment and working method thereof |
| CN113179684A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-07-30 | 钟贤财 | Device that loosens soil that municipal garden used |
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