CN104996016B - Self-propelled double-layer straw and surface soil mulching machine for orchard - Google Patents

Abstract

A self-propelled orchard straw and surface soil double-layer covering machine relates to the field of orchard machinery. The covered locomotive frame is equipped with a straw material box. The bottom of the straw material box is a "V"-shaped structure. There is a discharge roller above the bottom opening of the "V"-shaped structure. down slope. In front of the bottom of the mulching machine, a soil covering roller is mounted on the lower side of the outlet of the straw discharge chute. The soil covering roller is located below the straw discharge chute, and the soil covering roller can be raised and lowered under the action of a hydraulic lifting cylinder. The mulching machine can cover the straw on the ground between the rows of the orchard, and cover the thin soil of the straw layer. It is suitable for the mechanized operation of straw mulching in the orchard or other agricultural land, and plays a role in soil moisture conservation, water saving, weed suppression, increase of soil organic matter, and heat preservation. Anti-freezing, improving soil quality and soil microenvironment, etc., especially suitable for low-stock apple orchards. It can reduce the cost of straw covering, promote the large-scale utilization of straw, and realize the increase of agricultural income and efficiency.

Description

A self-propelled orchard straw and surface soil double-layer covering machine

technical field

The invention discloses a self-propelled orchard straw and surface soil double-layer covering machine, which belongs to the fields of agricultural machinery and straw resource utilization, and in particular relates to the field of orchard straw covering mechanization.

Background technique

After 30 years of rapid development since the reform and opening up, my country has become a big country in the fruit industry, and the scale of the fruit industry has developed rapidly. The planting area of apples, pears, peaches, grapes, and citrus has reached the first place in the world. The stage of transformation from "quantity scale" to "quality benefit". However, compared with developed countries, the quality of fruit products in our country is low and the industrial efficiency is not high. The main reason for this problem is that the orchard soil in our country is relatively poor and the soil is short of water. The organic matter content of apple orchards in the dry plateau of Northwest my country is generally below 1.0%, while the organic matter content of apple orchards in European and American countries is generally above 3.0%, and the organic matter content of Japanese apple orchards even reaches 6.8%; the soil in arid and semi-arid areas is seasonally short of water Also relatively common. Therefore, in the northern drylands and southwestern regions of China, water storage and moisture conservation in orchards and improvement of soil organic matter content have become the top priority of orchard management.

In terms of orchard management, the foreign orchard soil management technology is multi-orchard grass cultivation. Orchard grass cultivation can improve soil physical and chemical properties, enhance water retention, water storage capacity and water use efficiency, increase soil organic matter content and microbial population, and improve the ecological environment of orchards. , Improve fruit quality and yield. However, most orchards in my country are distributed in arid and semi-arid areas. Compared with foreign countries, the content of soil organic matter is relatively low, so it is not suitable to use grass cultivation. Grass cultivation in dry areas will cause grass to compete for water in fruit trees, which not only consumes the annual precipitation infiltration, but also Continuous use of deep soil to effectively store water results in water loss in deep soil, and grass will compete with fruit trees for nutrients, resulting in a decrease in fruit quality and yield. However, the underground management of orchards in my country has been using clear tillage for a long time, and this soil management system has been practiced to be unfavorable to the growth and development of fruit trees. In recent years, with continuous practice and summary, my country has begun to adopt orchard mulching technology. At present, plastic film mulching is mainly used in most areas, but the increase in production of plastic film mulching is at the expense of soil fertility. Plastic film mulching reduces the decomposition rate of organic materials in the soil, reduces the content of soil organic matter and enzyme activity, and also affects the functional diversity of soil microorganisms, thereby affecting soil fertility and soil ecosystem functions.

Through research, straw mulching technology is adopted for orchards with poor soil, low fertility, and susceptible to weather and temperature, and common agricultural wastes, such as corn stalks, straw, bark, sawdust, pine needles, fruit shells, paper, etc. Covering the bare soil surface around the fruit trees with a thin layer of soil can not only reduce the evaporation of soil moisture, but also have significant effects on the formation of soil aggregates, fertilizer and moisture conservation, increase of soil organic matter and biological activity, and improvement of fruit quality. The thin layer of soil covered is to prevent the cover from being blown away by the wind and to prevent fire. Orchard straw mulching technology is an effective measure to solve the shortage of fertilizer and water in arid and semi-arid areas to improve the quality and increase production of orchards, and it is also one of the important production technologies for the development of ecological and organic fruit industries.

The application of orchard straw mulching technology can not only improve the soil quality, but also solve the problem of reusing agricultural waste around the orchard. According to the United Nations Environment Program report, my country's annual output of crop straw is about 700 million tons, ranking first in the world, equivalent to 353 million tons of standard coal, accounting for about 30% of the world's total straw. However, my country's rural straw resources are completely in a state of high consumption, high pollution, and low output. Only a small amount of straw is used as biogas, feed, fertilizer, and industrial raw materials, and a considerable part of crop straw is discarded or burned. develop and use. At present, the utilization rate of straw in my country is about 33%, most of which are not treated, and only about 2.6% are used after technical treatment. One of the main reasons why straw is not used rationally is that the distribution density of straw resources is low and it is not easy to collect. With the popularization of the application of straw mulching technology, the waste straw around the orchard will be collected and reused. Effectively solve the problem of waste of straw resources.

At present, the world's fruit production technology is developing in the direction of intensification, standardization, mechanization, modernization and low cost. Many apple producing countries in the world have generally adopted apple dwarf intensive and high-efficiency cultivation techniques, and the dwarf apples in many countries have accounted for more than 90%. The outstanding advantages of the dwarf intensive and high-efficiency cultivation technology of apples are that the dwarf dense planting has abundant yield, high efficiency, high-quality fruit, and saves time and labor. Compared with traditional tree apple orchards, its comprehensive production efficiency has been significantly improved. Comparatively speaking, in my country at present, the main apples are Qiaoan apples, accounting for 90%, while the short-anvil apples only account for about 10%. Therefore, in the next 10-20 years, my country will usher in a high-speed development boom of upgrading apple cultivation technology. In recent years, apple planting areas such as Shaanxi and Shandong have begun to introduce them on a large scale. With the promotion of fruit dwarfing technology, especially the intensive cultivation technology of dwarf apples in our country, the spacious rows of orchards and standardized tree shapes will facilitate the mechanization of orchard operations.

At present, the laying of straw in orchards relies entirely on manpower to cover the straw between the rows, and the covering process is time-consuming and labor-intensive. With the large-scale promotion of dwarf intensive and high-efficiency cultivation technology, the orchard area continues to expand, and the corresponding labor intensity of straw mulching increases. Straw mulching operation equipment is the key to exerting the benefits of straw mulching technology in orchards. It is also an important way to realize the efficient utilization of straw resources in high value-added fruit industry.

At present, there are no relevant reports abroad on the research and application of orchard straw mulching mechanization technology. The domestic available patents CN204377363U and CN204377459U orchard straw mulching machines are all driven by a tractor with a trailer with a straw material box. The advantages of this mulching machine are simple structure, low cost, and good versatility of the power machine. But its disadvantages are obvious: the structure is not compact, the function is not specific, the work efficiency is low, the turning radius is too large when working, and it is extremely inconvenient under the conditions of dense planting and insufficient turning space. A self-propelled orchard disclosed by the invention Straw and surface soil double-layer mulching machine can solve the problems of large turning radius and inconvenient U-turn of the existing orchard straw mulching machine, improve the working efficiency of the mulching machine, promote the application of straw mulching technology in orchards, and increase the reuse rate of waste straw , save resources, protect the environment, improve orchard soil fertility and improve fruit quality, increase farmers' income and increase agricultural efficiency.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention: to disclose a self-propelled orchard straw and surface soil double-layer mulching machine, which can improve the problems existing in the orchard straw mulching machine in the prior art, and realize the mechanization and standardization of orchard straw mulching and surface soil covering operations. The mulching function can promote the popularization and application of straw mulching technology in orchards, reduce the cost of straw mulching in orchards, improve the soil conditions in orchards, promote large-scale and efficient utilization of straw around fruit areas, increase farmers' income, and increase agricultural efficiency.

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: what composition and structure should be used for the self-propelled orchard straw and surface soil double-layer mulching machine to solve the problems of the existing orchard straw mulching machine that the turning radius is too large and turning around is inconvenient. And it can complete the orchard straw mulching, and cover a layer of thinner on the straw covering layer, and make the thickness of the straw matrix covering and the thickness of the thin soil covering pressure uniform and adjustable, so as to optimize the existing straw covering mechanization scheme and improve the operation of the covering machine Efficiency, reduce orchard straw mulching operation costs, improve orchard soil conditions, and promote large-scale and efficient use of straw around the fruit area.

To realize the mechanization of garden straw mulching, it needs to be completed according to the following process steps:

(1) Straw finely crushing: the crop straw is processed into straw fragments.

(2) Orchard straw mulching substrate preparation: Add appropriate amount of soil nutrients or soil structure improvement substances to the straw fragments described in step (1), and perform appropriate insecticide and sterilization treatments as required to form orchard straw mulch matrix.

(3) Orchard soil tillage: Use agricultural machinery to loosen, crush and level the soil between the rows of the orchard.

(4) Straw substrate covering: Cover the straw (broken section) substrate described in step (1) or step (2) mechanically on the soil surface between rows or plants in the orchard, and the covering thickness should be as uniform as possible.

(5) Covering with thin soil: use a machine to cover a layer of crushed soil above the straw substrate layer covered in step (4), and cover the covered straw substrate layer with thin soil to form a double-layer covering of straw and surface soil.

In order to solve the technical problem to be solved in the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

A self-propelled orchard straw and surface soil double-layer mulching machine is characterized in that it includes two schemes, the engine of scheme 1 is installed behind the straw material box, the engine of scheme 2 is installed in front of the straw material box, and the rear of the cab below.

A straw material box is installed on the covered locomotive frame. The bottom of the straw material box is a "V"-shaped structure. The bottom opening of the "V"-shaped structure is connected with the straw discharge chute. The trough body of the discharge trough is inclined forward and downward; in front of the bottom of the covering machine, a covering roller is mounted, and the position of the covering roller is below the outlet of the straw discharge chute, and several covering rollers are installed in the axial direction The blades form a hollow roller-like structure. The blades of the soil-covering roller are similar to the angle steel structure. The angle between the two surfaces of the blades of the soil-covering roller and the width of the blade are customized according to the amount of soil covering. The installation angle of the blades of the soil-covering roller is specific according to the amount of soil covering. angle. When working, the cover roller rotates clockwise under the drive of power, and the blades of the cover roller at the bottom of the cover roller go into the soil and scoop up the soil. With the rotation, the soil is lifted and rotated through the highest point of the cover roller, to the lowest point away from the cover roller After about 225°, the lifted soil slides down along the blades of the soil-covering roller under the action of gravity, and falls to the rear of the soil-covering roller to cover the straw layer that landed in front to complete the thin soil covering.

In Scheme 1, the self-propelled orchard straw and surface soil double-layer mulching machine is powered by the power output shaft of the engine, and is transmitted to the gearbox through the transmission chain I, sprocket I, sprocket II, and transmission chain II to drive the covering machine walking. The power of the covering roller is output by the power output shaft of the engine, and transmitted to the covering roller through the transmission chain I, the sprocket I, the power transmission shaft, the sprocket V, the transmission chain IV, and the sprocket VI, and drives the covering roller blades of the covering roller to rotate. The power of the discharge roller is output by the power output shaft of the engine, and is transmitted to the discharge roller through the transmission chain Ⅰ, sprocket Ⅰ, power transmission shaft, sprocket Ⅲ, transmission chain Ⅲ, and sprocket Ⅳ, which drives the discharge roller to rotate and move The straw matrix is evenly fed.

In Scheme 2, the self-propelled orchard straw and surface soil double-layer mulching machine is powered by the power output shaft of the engine, and is transmitted to the gearbox through the transmission chain I, sprocket I, sprocket II, and transmission chain II to drive the covering machine walking. The power of the covering roller is output by the power output shaft of the engine, and transmitted to the covering soil through the transmission chain Ⅰ, sprocket Ⅰ, power transmission shaft, sprocket Ⅲ, transmission chain Ⅲ, sprocket Ⅳ, sprocket Ⅴ, transmission chain Ⅳ, and sprocket Ⅵ The roller drives the soil-covering roller blades of the soil-covering roller to rotate. The power of the discharge roller is output by the power output shaft of the engine, and is transmitted to the discharge roller through the transmission chain Ⅰ, sprocket Ⅰ, power transmission shaft, sprocket Ⅲ, transmission chain Ⅲ, and sprocket Ⅳ, which drives the discharge roller to rotate and move The straw matrix is evenly fed.

The discharge roller is installed above the opening of the bottom of the "V" shaped structure inside the straw hopper, and its axial direction is perpendicular to the length direction of the straw hopper; the discharge roller rotates under the drive of the sprocket IV, so that the straw matrix is evenly discharged Control the output volume; the roller surface of the discharge roller has nail teeth or convex and concave, and the arrangement of the nail teeth or convex and concave has a certain direction, forcing the straw substrate to fall and discharge evenly in the length direction of the straw discharge chute; install a speed regulating mechanism Changing the rotation speed of the discharge roller can realize the regulation of the discharge amount of the straw substrate, that is, the thickness of the straw substrate covering layer.

The two ends of the rotating shaft of the covering roller are connected with the lifting arm, the upper end of the lifting arm is suspended at the bottom of the vehicle frame, a pair of hydraulic lifting cylinders are sleeved on the connecting rod of the lifting arm, and the upper end of the hydraulic lifting cylinder is hinged and suspended at the bottom of the vehicle frame; When covering straw in the orchard, the hydraulic lifting cylinder is extended to drive the entire covering roller to rotate around the suspension point, so that the covering roller is lowered and the blades of the covering roller enter the soil; when the soil is not covered, the hydraulic lifting cylinder is shortened to drive the entire covering roller to rotate The suspension point rotates to raise the cover roller.

The crushed soil required for the thin soil cover pressure is taken from the site by the covering roller during the operation.

The walking power of the self-propelled orchard straw and surface soil double-layer covering machine, the power transmission mode of the soil covering roller and the discharge roller can adopt belt transmission or chain transmission.

The orchard straw mulching device is suitable for orchards or lands in arid and semi-arid areas or seasonally dry areas that require moisture conservation and water conservation, or that need to increase soil organic matter content, improve soil quality and soil biological microenvironment, or that need to inhibit Orchards or lands with weeds in orchards, or orchards or lands that require soil insulation, or orchards or lands that combine the above-mentioned needs, especially suitable for intensive cultivation of dwarf orchards, such as dwarf apple orchards.

A self-propelled orchard straw and surface soil double-layer covering machine, the working principle is as follows:

A self-propelled orchard straw and surface soil double-layer covering machine described in the present invention can complete the steps of orchard soil fine crushing and leveling, straw matrix covering and thin soil covering. Taking scheme 1 as an example, the specific process and working principle are expressed as follows :

The self-propelled orchard straw and surface soil double-layer mulching machine is output by the power output shaft of the engine, and is transmitted to the gearbox through the transmission chain Ⅰ, sprocket Ⅰ, sprocket Ⅱ, and transmission chain Ⅱ to drive the mulching machine to walk.

During the straw mulching operation in the orchard, the hydraulic lifting cylinder is extended to drive the entire covering roller to rotate around the suspension point, so that the covering roller is lowered, and the blades of the covering roller enter the soil; Chain Ⅰ, sprocket Ⅰ, power transmission shaft, sprocket Ⅴ, transmission chain Ⅳ, and sprocket Ⅵ are transmitted to the soil covering roller, which drives the soil covering roller blades of the soil covering roller to rotate clockwise, and the soil covering roller blades at the bottom of the soil covering roller enter the soil, and the soil Shoveling, with the rotation, the soil is lifted and rotated through the highest point of the cover roller, and after turning to about 225° from the lowest point of the cover roller, the lifted soil slides down along the blades of the cover roller under the action of gravity, and falls to the back of the cover roller At the bottom, cover the straw layer that landed in front to complete the thin soil cover pressure.

The power output shaft of the engine transmits the power to the discharge roller through the transmission chain Ⅰ, sprocket Ⅰ, power transmission shaft, sprocket Ⅲ, transmission chain Ⅲ, sprocket Ⅳ, drives the discharge roller to rotate, and moves the straw matrix evenly material. The roller surface of the discharge roller has nail teeth or protrusions and recesses, and the arrangement of the nail teeth or protrusions and recesses has a certain directionality, forcing the straw matrix to fall and discharge evenly in the length direction of the straw discharge chute. The position of the soil covering roller is below the outlet of the straw discharge trough, and a certain gap is maintained between the outlet of the straw discharge trough and the outer edge of the soil covering roller blades.

Overlay thickness adjustment: In the case of constant travel speed, the thickness of the straw matrix overlay can be adjusted by changing the rotation speed of the discharge roller, the structure of the roller surface and the size of the straw discharge chute; the width and installation angle of the blades of the cover roller can be adjusted Thickness of thin soil cap compaction.

In the non-covered working state, the hydraulic lifting cylinder shrinks, driving the entire covering roller to rotate around the suspension point, so that the covering roller rises; the power output of the power transmission shaft is cut off, the covering roller and the discharge roller stop rotating, and the straw discharge trough is covered by the discharge roller. Block, stop discharging.

Beneficial technical effects: the technical solution of the present invention can realize the mechanization and standardization of orchard straw mulching and surface covering soil covering operations, promote the popularization and application of orchard straw mulching technology, reduce the cost of orchard straw mulching operations, improve the soil condition of orchards, and replace the orchard weeding technology , to promote the large-scale and efficient utilization of straw around the fruit area, to increase farmers' income and increase agricultural efficiency.

Description of drawings:

1. Cab 2. Straw bin 3. Engine 4. Power output shaft 5. Transmission chain Ⅰ 6. Frame 7. Sprocket Ⅱ 8. Sprocket Ⅰ 9. Transmission chain Ⅱ 10. Straw discharge chute 11. Lifting arm 12 .Covering roller 13.Gear box 14.Engine radiator 15.Front support rib plate of material box 16.Covering roller blade 17.Sprocket Ⅳ 18.Transmission chain Ⅲ 19.Sprocket Ⅵ 20.Hydraulic lifting cylinder 21.Transmission chain Ⅳ 22. Sprocket Ⅲ 23. Rear supporting rib of material box 24. Sprocket Ⅴ 25. Power transmission shaft 26. Discharge roller

Figure 1 is a self-propelled orchard straw and surface soil double-layer mulching machine scheme 1 overall structure on the left side

Figure 2 is a self-propelled orchard straw and surface soil double-layer mulching machine scheme 1 overall structure diagram on the right side

Figure 3 is a plan view of a self-propelled orchard straw and surface soil double-layer mulching machine

Figure 4 is a bottom view of a self-propelled orchard straw and surface soil double-layer covering machine scheme 1

Fig. 5 is a structural diagram of the covering roller of a self-propelled orchard straw and surface soil double-layer covering machine scheme 1

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a self-propelled orchard straw and surface soil double-layer covering machine scheme-power transmission

Figure 7 is a self-propelled orchard straw and surface soil double-layer mulching machine scheme 2 overall structure diagram on the left side

Figure 8 is a self-propelled orchard straw and surface soil double-layer mulching machine scheme 2 overall structure diagram on the right side

Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the second power transmission of a self-propelled orchard straw and surface soil double-layer covering machine

Implementation

In this embodiment, the mechanized operation of straw covering is carried out in an apple orchard with short stock. The distance between rows of apple orchards on short stock is 3.5m to 4.5m, and the tree shape and crown are neat.

Straw mulching in intensively cultivated short stock apple orchards needs to be completed according to the following process steps:

(1) Straw finely crushing: the crop straw is processed into straw fragments.

(2) Orchard straw mulching substrate preparation: Add appropriate amount of soil nutrients or soil structure improvement substances to the straw fragments described in step (1), and perform appropriate insecticide and sterilization treatments as required to form orchard straw mulch matrix.

(3) Orchard soil tillage: Use agricultural machinery to loosen, crush and level the soil between the rows of the orchard.

(4) Straw substrate covering: Cover the straw (broken section) substrate described in step (1) or step (2) mechanically on the soil surface between rows or plants in the orchard, and the covering thickness should be as uniform as possible.

(5) Covering with thin soil: use a machine to cover a layer of crushed soil above the straw substrate layer covered in step (4), and cover the covered straw substrate layer with thin soil to form a double-layer covering of straw and surface soil.

As shown in Figure 6 and Figure 9, the self-propelled orchard straw and surface soil double-layer covering machine, both schemes are powered by the engine 3 power output shaft 4 output, through the transmission chain I5, sprocket I8, Sprocket wheel II7 and drive chain II9 are delivered to gearbox 13 to drive the covering machine to walk.

As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, the described self-propelled orchard straw and surface soil double-layer covering machine, in the two schemes, the straw material box 2 is installed on the covering locomotive frame 6 The bottom of the straw hopper 2 is a "V"-shaped structure, and the bottom opening of the "V"-shaped structure is connected to the straw discharge trough 10, and a discharge roller 26 is installed above the bottom opening, and the trough body of the straw discharge chute 10 faces The front is inclined downward; in front of the bottom of the vehicle frame 6, a soil-covering roller 12 is mounted, and the soil-covering roller 12 is located below the straw hopper 2, and several soil-covering roller blades 16 are installed in the axial direction of the soil-covering roller 12 to form a hollow roller-like structure. During work, the cover roller 13 rotates clockwise under the power drive, and the cover roller blade 16 at the bottom of the cover roller 13 enters the soil, and the soil is scooped up, and along with the rotation, the soil is lifted and rotated through the highest point of the cover roller 13, turning to the distance After about 225 ° of soil-covering roller 13 lowest points, the soil brought up slides down along the soil-covering roller blade 16 under the action of gravity, falls to the rear portion of soil-covering roller 13, and the stalk layer that lands in front is covered, and completes thin soil covering and pressing.

As shown in Figure 6, the power of the soil covering roller 12 described in Scheme 1 is output by the power output shaft 4 of the engine 3, through the transmission chain I5, the sprocket I8, the power transmission shaft 25, the sprocket V24, the transmission chain IV21, the chain The wheel VI 19 is delivered to the soil-covering roller 12, which drives the soil-covering roller blade 16 of the soil-covering roller to rotate. The power of the discharge roller 26 is output by the power output shaft 4 of the engine 3, and is transmitted to the discharge roller through the transmission chain I5, the sprocket I8, the power transmission shaft 25, the sprocket III22, the transmission chain III18, and the sprocket IV17 26. Drive the discharge roller 26 to rotate, and stir the straw substrate to evenly discharge the material.

As shown in Figure 9, the power of the soil covering roller 12 described in Scheme 2 is output by the power output shaft 4 of the engine 3, through the transmission chain I5, the sprocket I8, the power transmission shaft 25, the sprocket III22, the transmission chain III18, the chain Wheel IV17, sprocket wheel V24, drive chain IV21, and sprocket VI19 are delivered to the soil-covering roller 12, which drives the soil-covering roller blade 16 of the soil-covering roller to rotate. The power of the discharge roller 26 is output by the power output shaft 4 of the engine 3, and is transmitted to the discharge roller through the transmission chain I5, the sprocket I8, the power transmission shaft 25, the sprocket III22, the transmission chain III18, and the sprocket IV17 26. Drive the discharge roller 26 to rotate, and stir the straw substrate to evenly discharge the material.

As shown in Figure 3, in the two design schemes, the discharge roller 26 is installed above the bottom opening of the "V" shaped structure inside the straw hopper 2, and its axial direction is perpendicular to the length direction of the straw hopper 2; 26 is rotated under the drive of sprocket Ⅳ17, so that the straw matrix is evenly discharged; the roller surface of the discharge roller 26 has nail teeth or convex and concave, and the arrangement of the nail teeth or convex and concave has a certain directionality, forcing the straw matrix to flow in the straw discharge chute. 10 uniformly falling and discharging in the length direction; a speed regulating mechanism can be installed to change the rotation speed of the discharge roller 26 to realize the output of the straw substrate, that is, the regulation of the thickness of the straw substrate covering layer.

As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 5 and Fig. 7, in two kinds of schemes, the two ends of the rotating shaft of described cover soil roller 12 are connected with lifting arm 11, and the upper end of lifting arm 11 is suspended on vehicle frame 6 bottom, and the connection of lifting arm 11 A pair of hydraulic lifting cylinders 20 are socketed on the pole, and the upper end of the hydraulic lifting cylinders 20 is hinged and suspended on the bottom of the vehicle frame 6; when covering straw in the orchard, the hydraulic lifting cylinders 20 are extended to drive the entire covering roller to rotate around the suspension point, Soil-covering roller 12 is descended, and soil-covering roller blade 16 burrows into the soil;

The crushed soil required for the thin soil cover pressure is taken from the site by the covering roller during the operation.

In this embodiment, the walking power of the self-propelled orchard straw and surface soil double-layer covering machine adopts belt transmission, and the power transmission mode of covering soil roller 12 and discharge roller 26 can adopt chain transmission, and can also adopt belt drive.

The orchard straw mulching device is suitable for orchards or lands in arid and semi-arid areas or seasonally dry areas that require moisture conservation and water conservation, or that need to increase soil organic matter content, improve soil quality and soil biological microenvironment, or that need to inhibit Orchards or lands with weeds in orchards, or orchards or lands that require soil insulation, or orchards or lands that combine the above-mentioned needs, especially suitable for intensive cultivation of dwarf orchards, such as dwarf apple orchards.

Further illustrate the working principle of a self-propelled orchard straw and surface soil double-layer covering machine of the present invention:

A self-propelled orchard straw and surface soil double-layer covering machine described in the present invention can complete the steps of orchard soil fine crushing and leveling, straw matrix covering and thin soil covering. Taking scheme 1 as an example, the specific process and working principle are expressed as follows :

As shown in Figure 1, Figure 5 and Figure 6, during the orchard straw covering operation, the hydraulic lifting cylinder 20 is extended, driving the entire covering roller 12 to rotate around the suspension point, causing the covering roller 12 to descend, and the covering roller blades 16 to enter the soil; The mulching machine advances at a constant speed between the rows of the orchard, and the power output shaft 4 of the engine 3 transmits the power to the covering roller 12 through the transmission chain I5, the sprocket I8, the power transmission shaft 25, the sprocket V24, the transmission chain IV21, and the sprocket VI19. Drive the cover roller blade 16 of the cover roller to rotate, the cover roller blade 16 at the bottom of the cover roller 12 enters the soil, scoops up the soil, and with the rotation, the soil is lifted and rotated through the highest point of the cover roller 12, to the lowest point away from the cover roller 12 After about 225 °, the soil brought up slides down along the soil-covering roller blade 16 under the action of gravity, falls to the rear portion of the soil-covering roller 12, covers the stalk layer that landed in front, and completes the thin soil covering and pressing.

As shown in Figure 6, the power of the discharge roller 26 is output by the power output shaft 4 of the engine 3, and transmitted to The discharge roller 26 drives the discharge roller 26 to rotate, and stirs the stalk matrix for uniform discharge. The roller surface of the discharging roller 26 has nail teeth or protrusions and recesses, and the arrangement of the nail teeth or protrusions and recesses has certain directionality, forcing the straw matrix to fall and discharge evenly in the length direction of the straw discharge trough 10 .

As shown in Figures 1 and 5, the position of the covering roller 12 is below the outlet of the stalk discharge chute 10, and a certain gap is maintained between the outlet of the stalk discharge chute 10 and the outer edge of the soil covering roller blade 16.

Overlay thickness adjustment: In the case of constant travel speed, changing the rotation speed of the discharge roller 26, the structure of the roller surface and the size of the straw discharge chute 10 can adjust the thickness of the straw matrix covering layer; changing the width and installation The angle adjusts the thickness of the thin soil cap compaction.

In the non-covered working state, the hydraulic lifting cylinder 20 shrinks, driving the entire covering roller 12 to rotate around the suspension point, so that the covering roller 12 rises; the output power of the power transmission shaft 25 is cut off, the covering roller 12 and the discharge roller 26 stop rotating, and the straw is discharged. Feed trough 10 is blocked by discharge roller 26, stops discharging.

The following 3 points need special explanation:

1. An orchard straw mulching device of the present invention is not only suitable for short stock apple orchards, but also suitable for other orchards or lands that require moisture conservation and water conservation in arid and semi-arid areas or seasonally arid areas, or that need to increase soil organic matter content , other orchards or lands that improve soil quality and soil biological microenvironment, or other orchards or lands that need to suppress weeds in orchards, or other orchards or lands that require soil insulation, or other orchards or lands that combine the above-mentioned needs.

2. The soil-covering roller described in the present invention is not the operation tools such as rotary tillage and rake in the prior art, but a device with multiple functions such as throwing soil, crushing soil and leveling the ground. Its main function is to throw soil, and its power demand smaller. Therefore, before the straw mulching operation, it is necessary to plow the rows with other agricultural machinery.

3. In order to clearly illustrate the technical solution, the specification and drawings of the present invention give some details of the technical solution, and these details do not limit the claims of the present invention. Any deformation or modification made to these details shall not go beyond the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of self-propelled orchard stalk and topsoil bilayer covering machine, it is characterised in that described covering machine is self-propelled , provide locomotor activity for oneself；The vehicle frame of covering machine（6）On stalk hopper is installed（2）, engine（3）Installed in stalk hopper（2） Rear, stalk hopper（2）Bottom be " V " shape structure, " V " shape structural base opening and stalk blow tank（10）Connect, its bottom Portion's overthe openings are provided with a discharge roller（26）, stalk blow tank（10）Cell body it is downward-sloping forward；In vehicle frame（6）Bottom Front, mounts an earthing roller（12）, can oscilaltion, earthing roller（12）Be axially installed with several earthing roller blades（16）, Hollow roll structure is formed, the position of earthing roller is in stalk blow tank（10）Outlet side-lower, stalk blow tank（10） Outlet and earthing roller blade（16）Certain gap is kept between outer rim；

Described a kind of self-propelled orchard stalk and topsoil bilayer covering machine, by straw substrate uniform fold in orchard in the ranks Ground, forms straw mulching layer, and one layer of thin soil is covered above straw mulching layer, forms thin soil lid laminate layer；

Walking power is by engine（3）Power output shaft（4）Output power, Jing driving-chains I（5）, chain wheel I（8）, chain wheel II（7）、 Driving-chain II（9）Pass to gearbox（13）, drive the walking of covering machine；Earthing roller（12）Power by engine（3）Power is defeated Shaft（4）Output power, Jing driving-chains I（5）, chain wheel I（8）, power transmission shaft（25）, sprocket wheel V（24）, driving-chain IV （21）, sprocket wheel VI（19）Pass to earthing roller（12）, drive the earthing roller blade of earthing roller（16）Rotation；Discharge roller（26）It is dynamic Power is by engine（3）Power output shaft（4）Output power, Jing driving-chains I（5）, chain wheel I（8）, power transmission shaft（25）, chain Wheel III（22）, driving-chain III（18）, sprocket wheel IV（17）Pass to discharge roller（26）, drive discharge roller（26）Rotation, stirs stalk The uniform blanking of matrix；

Discharge roller（26）Installed in stalk hopper（2）Internal " V " shape structural base overthe openings, its axis direction and stalk material Case（2）Length direction is vertical；Discharge roller（26）In sprocket wheel IV（17）Lower rotation is driven, straw substrate uniform discharge is made and is controlled out Doses.

2. a kind of self-propelled orchard stalk according to claim 1 and topsoil bilayer covering machine, it is characterised in that go out Material roller（26）Roll surface on there is spike-tooth or convex-concave, spike-tooth or convex-concave arrangement there is certain directionality, force straw substrate In stalk blow tank（10）Even drop down is discharged on length direction；Install speed adjusting gear additional and change discharge roller（26）Rotating speed, is capable of achieving Straw substrate load, the i.e. regulation and control of straw substrate overburden cover.

3. a kind of self-propelled orchard stalk according to claim 1 and topsoil bilayer covering machine, it is characterised in that cover Native roller（12）Rotating shaft two ends and lifting arm（11）It is connected, lifting arm（11）Upper end be suspended on vehicle frame（6）Bottom, lifting arm （11）Connecting rod on be socketed a pair of hydraulic lifting oil cylinders（20）, hydraulic lifting oil cylinder（20）Upper end be hinged and be suspended on vehicle frame（6） Bottom；When orchard improving straw mulching work is carried out, hydraulic lifting oil cylinder（20）Elongation, drives whole earthing roller（12）Around suspension Point rotation, makes earthing roller（12）Decline, earthing roller blade（16）Bury；When earthing is not needed, hydraulic lifting oil cylinder（20）Contracting It is short, drive whole earthing roller（12）Around hitch point rotation, earthing roller is made（12）Rise.

4. a kind of self-propelled orchard stalk according to claim 1 and topsoil bilayer covering machine, it is characterised in that institute The hack that the thin soil lid pressure stated needs is by earthing roller（12）Scene is fetched earth in operation process.