CN109287179B - Straw unbinding and spreading method and orchard straw covering machine - Google Patents
Straw unbinding and spreading method and orchard straw covering machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN109287179B CN109287179B CN201811499225.0A CN201811499225A CN109287179B CN 109287179 B CN109287179 B CN 109287179B CN 201811499225 A CN201811499225 A CN 201811499225A CN 109287179 B CN109287179 B CN 109287179B
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- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 77
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 22
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- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000021016 apples Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B77/00—Machines for lifting and treating soil
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a straw unbinding and spreading method and an orchard straw covering machine, and belongs to the technical field of orchard machinery. The straw bundles with different shapes are unbinding, and the straw bundles are combed and impacted, so that loose straw after being scraped can be continuously, uniformly and quantitatively spread among fruit tree rows. The orchard straw covering machine mainly comprises a carriage, a conveying and stirring device, a unbinding and spreading device, a spraying device and a power device; the inner bottom surface of the carriage is provided with a conveying shifting device, the rear part of the carriage is provided with a unbinding spreading device, and the rear upper part of the outside of the carriage is provided with a spraying device; the conveying stirring device and the unbinding spreading device are driven by a power device; the method and the orchard straw covering machine are suitable for dry-area orchards, are particularly suitable for mechanized straw bundle loosening and covering operation of the orchards, are beneficial to straw bundle loosening and uniform blanking, reduce straw covering cost, promote straw scale utilization, and are also suitable for discharging bacterial residues, stable manure, organic fertilizers and various agricultural wastes, so that agricultural income increase and efficiency improvement are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model discloses a straw bundle-loosening spreading method and an orchard straw covering machine, relates to the field of straw resource utilization and the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to the field of straw bundle-loosening covering mechanization of a arid region orchard.
Background
In recent years, along with the adjustment of agricultural industry structures in China, the scale of fruit industry rapidly develops, and the planting areas of apples, pears, peaches, grapes, oranges and the like reach the first world, so that China becomes a large fruit industry country. However, compared with developed countries, the fruit industry in China has serious problems, which result in low product quality and low industrial benefit. An important problem is that the orchard soil is barren and excessively depends on chemical fertilizers, so that the soil is hardened; soil water shortage in arid and semiarid regions and seasonal water shortage regions is always a bottleneck problem restricting the development of fruit industry. Especially in the northern arid regions and the southwest regions of China, the soil moisture conservation and water conservation of the orchard and the improvement of the organic matter content become important matters in the orchard management. According to the measurement, the organic matter content of the northwest arid original apple orchard in China is generally below 1.0%, the organic matter content of the apple orchard in European and American countries is generally above 3.0%, the organic matter content of the apple orchard in Japan is even 6.8%, and the barren soil severely restricts the output and quality of fruit industry in China.
Aiming at the problems of lack of water, impoverishment soil, low organic matter content and the like in fruit industry in dry areas of China, experimental researches are carried out on cultivation modes, fertilizer and water management, soil management and the like in each area, an orchard inter-row surface covering technology is provided, namely a soil management method for covering bare soil around orchard rows or trees by using organic materials such as films or common crop straws is provided, and the technology can not only keep soil moisture, protect soil structures and increase soil microorganism diversity, but also play roles of adjusting ground temperature, inhibiting weeds, improving fruit quality and yield and the like. Because the straw resources contain a certain amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, the nutrients are gradually released to be absorbed and utilized by fruit trees along with the decomposition of the straw after the straw resources are covered, and meanwhile, the microbial activity and the microbial quantity of soil are effectively improved. The straw covered in the orchard can also effectively improve photosynthetic rate and increase single fruit quality and fruit shape. The straw coverage has remarkable effects in the aspects of preserving soil moisture, preserving heat, fertilizing soil, inhibiting weeds and the like, is particularly suitable for the orchards in arid regions, is rich in straw resources in China, and can promote efficient utilization of the straw on one hand and promote improvement of the soil environment of the orchards on the other hand by utilizing the straw for orchard coverage, so that the quality of apples is improved.
At present, the straw covering method for the orchard is crude, and the inventor finds that the covering machine directly unbinding and covering the bundled straw not only increases the loading capacity of the covering machine, but also greatly improves the straw covering efficiency; the reason is that the straw is used as loose material, the volume is large, the density is small, the loading capacity of the covering machine is small, and even if the box is tipped or the feeding device is added, the machine box of the covering machine, such as the patent CN201621199168.0 and the patent CN201721265059.9, can not unbinding and continuously and uniformly discharge the bundle-shaped straw. This limits the exertion of the working efficiency of the covering machine. Therefore, the simple method for covering the straws of the orchard is changed, the mechanized technique for covering the straws of the orchard is researched, and the operation machine for unbinding and covering the bundled straws is developed, so that the method is a key for playing the technical benefit of covering the straws of the orchard, is an important way for realizing the efficient utilization of straw resources in the fruit industry with high added value, and is an important guarantee for improving the moisture and organic matter content of soil of the orchard and realizing the high yield and high efficiency of the orchard.
In order to solve the problems, the utility model discloses a straw bundle unbinding and spreading method and an orchard straw covering machine, which are used for unbinding straw bundles with different shapes, brushing and impacting the straw bundles, so that loose straw after scraping can be continuously, uniformly and quantitatively spread among fruit tree rows. The method can solve the problems of crude method, labor and time consumption of the existing straw covering technology in the orchard, promote the application of the straw covering technology in the orchard, realize soil moisture conservation, water conservation, fertilizer increase, grass inhibition and heat preservation of the orchard, reduce the operation cost, improve the operation quality and improve the fruit industry yield and benefit; solves the problems of straw resource waste and incineration pollution in the surrounding areas of the orchard, and realizes the income increase of farmers and the agricultural efficiency increase.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the utility model is that: the straw bundle spreading method and the orchard straw covering machine can realize mechanization and standardization of bundle straw bundle spreading operation of an orchard, promote popularization and application of an orchard straw covering technology, reduce cost of straw spreading operation of the orchard, improve soil conditions of the orchard, promote large-scale and efficient utilization of straws around a fruit area, and realize income increase of farmers and agricultural efficiency increase.
The utility model aims to solve the technical problems: 1) How to treat the straw raw material to make it a proper orchard covering matrix; 2) How to unbind and crush the bundled straw and achieve proper coverage quality; 3) How to mechanically adjust each coverage parameter; 4) The disclosed orchard straw covering machine realizes bundle-shaped straw unbinding and covering by what composition and structure.
In order to solve the technical problems, the utility model provides the following technical scheme:
a straw unbinding and spreading method is characterized in that bundle-shaped straws in different bundling modes are unbinding, broken, combed and uniformly spread among fruit tree rows in a mechanized mode; in addition to baled material, the method is also suitable for spreading bulk material, and comprises the steps of:
(1) And (2) charging: loading the straw bundles into a compartment of an orchard straw covering machine; the bottom of the carriage is provided with a conveying stirring device, the discharging end of the rear part of the carriage is provided with a bale spreading device, the conveying stirring device and the bale spreading device are intersected in the bottom space of the discharging end of the rear part of the carriage to form a discharging hole, and the height of the discharging hole is adjustable; the direction of the straw bundles in the carriage is consistent, the stacking is orderly arranged, the stacking height is parallel to the upper edge of the carriage, the loading capacity is improved, and the accuracy of subsequent bundle loosening and the uniformity of blanking are ensured; in order to realize the mixed coverage and spreading of the bundle-shaped straw and the loose materials, a certain thickness of the loose materials are filled between each layer of straw bundles when the materials are filled;
(2) And (3) mechanical parameter adjustment: the mechanical parameters of the conveying stirring device and the unbinding spreading device are adjusted according to the travelling speed of the covering machine and the requirement of the covering thickness of the straw in the orchard, so as to meet the requirement of the covering thickness and the requirement of uniformity;
(3) Unbinding and spreading: the covering machine walks at a constant speed along the center line of the orchard row space, firstly starts the unbinding spreading device, and then starts the conveying shifting device; if the unbinding spreading device and the conveying stirring device are driven by the same power source, synchronous starting is performed; the conveying stirring device scrapes and shifts straw bundles to the rear part of the carriage, contacts with the unbinding spreading device, is provided with a plurality of rows of spike teeth or cutter teeth, brushes, impacts, shears and scrapes the straw bundles, shifts the straw downwards, and throws out and spreads the straw bundles among orchard rows through a discharge hole; the bundling rope of the straw bundle is cut off by the cutter teeth in a sliding way and thrown out through the discharge hole; in order to prevent the binding ropes and the straws from winding the spike teeth or the cutter teeth, a blocking comb is arranged on the unbinding spreading device and is matched with the spike teeth or the cutter teeth to cut off the wound binding ropes or the straws; for loose materials, the conveying stirring device scrapes and moves the loose materials to the rear part of the carriage, and a plurality of rows of spike teeth or cutter teeth are arranged on the unbinding spreading device to realize quantitative discharging and spreading under the actions of brushing, impacting, shearing and scraping; under the action of brushing, impacting, shearing and scraping of a plurality of rows of spike teeth or cutter teeth arranged on the unpacking and spreading device, the straw is unpacked and simultaneously mixed with the loose materials, so that quantitative spreading and spreading are realized.
The straw unbinding and spreading method is characterized in that in order to realize the adjustment of the water content of the covering layer, after the step (3), water is synchronously sprayed through a spraying device arranged at the rear part of the covering machine, and is mixed with spreading materials to adjust the water content of the covering layer.
The straw unbinding and spreading method is characterized in that in order to realize that chemical fertilizers, auxiliary agents, microbial agents and medicament substances are synchronously added and mixed into a covering layer in the unbinding and spreading process, the chemical fertilizers, the auxiliary agents, the microbial agents and the medicament substances are prepared into a certain concentration with a dispersing agent, and after the step (3), the chemical fertilizers, the auxiliary agents, the microbial agents and the dispersing agent are synchronously sprayed through a spraying device arranged at the rear part of a covering machine, mixed with spreading materials and added into the covering layer.
The straw bundle spreading method is characterized in that the bundle-shaped straw refers to bundling and forming crop straw; the loose materials refer to materials which are not formed by bundling and comprise loose stalk materials, block materials, granular materials and powdery materials.
The orchard straw covering machine is characterized in that a frame 4 is fixed above a crawler chassis 3, a cab 1, an engine 24, a gearbox 2 and a hydraulic pump 23 are arranged in front of the frame 4, a carriage 18 is arranged behind the upper part of the frame 4, and the bottom of the rear end of the carriage 18 is hinged with the frame 4; at least one hydraulic tipping oil cylinder 5 is arranged on the cross beam of the frame 4, the lower end of the hydraulic tipping oil cylinder is hinged with the frame 4, and the upper end of the hydraulic tipping oil cylinder is hinged with the bottom of the carriage 18;
at least one group of conveying material shifting devices 8 are arranged on the inner bottom surface of the carriage 18, and a material shifting transmission device 7 is arranged on the outer bottom surface of the carriage 18; the discharging end at the rear part of the carriage 18 is transversely provided with a bale breaking spreading device 9, and the bale breaking spreading transmission device 6 is arranged at the rear side outside the carriage 18; the conveying stirring device 8 and the unbinding spreading device 9 are intersected in the bottom space of the discharging end at the rear part of the carriage 18 to form a discharging hole 31, and the height of the discharging hole 31 is adjustable; the conveying stirring device 8 and the unbinding spreading device 9 are spatially intersected to form an included angle; the covering machine is provided with a medicament box 17 and a medicament pump 12, the rear part outside the carriage 18 is provided with a spraying device 11, and the position of the spraying device 11 is higher than the discharge hole 31; the medicament box 17 is connected with the spraying device 11 through a pipeline 25 by the medicament pump 12;
the unbinding spreading device 9 comprises a frame 28, a driving shaft roller 30, a driven shaft roller 27, a tensioning mechanism 16, a toothed belt mechanism 14, an angle adjusting mechanism 13, a discharge hole height adjusting mechanism 10 and a blocking comb 32;
the frame 28 is formed by welding section steel into a square frame structure, and is arranged at the rear part in the carriage perpendicular to the side wall of the carriage 18; a plurality of rows of unpowered rollers 29 are transversely arranged in parallel front and back inside the frame structure; the upper end of the frame 28 is transversely provided with a driven shaft roller 27, the lower end of the frame 28 is transversely provided with a driving shaft roller 30, and the driving shaft roller 30 is parallel to the driven shaft roller 27; the tensioning mechanism 16 is arranged on the side frame at the upper end of the rack 28, and the toothed belt mechanism 14 is tensioned by adjusting the distance between the driven shaft roller 27 and the driving shaft roller 30;
the toothed belt mechanism 14 comprises a material stirring belt 20, a toothed seat 26, cutter teeth 15 and spike teeth 19, wherein the material stirring belt 20 is arranged around a driving shaft roller 30 and a driven shaft roller 27 and is supported by an unpowered roller 29, and the tightness of the material stirring belt 20 is adjusted by a tensioning mechanism 16; a plurality of tooth holders 26 are transversely and parallelly fixed on the material stirring belt 20, and the tooth holders 26 are arranged at a certain distance from each other; the cutter teeth 15 and the spike teeth 19 are uniformly arranged on the tooth holder 26, and the tooth holder 26, the cutter teeth 15 and the spike teeth 19 synchronously rotate along with the material stirring belt 20;
the angle adjusting mechanism 13 is arranged at the upper part of the side wall of the carriage and is connected with the stand 28, so that the stand 28 rotates around the driving shaft roller 30 for a certain angle; the discharge hole height adjusting mechanism 10 is arranged at the lower part of the upright post 21 at the rear part of the carriage 18 and is connected with the frame 28, so that the unbinding spreading device 9 moves up and down relative to the conveying stirring device 8, and the height of the discharge hole 31 is adjusted; the blocking comb 32 is transversely arranged below the inner part of the rear wall 22 of the carriage, and the comb teeth of the blocking comb 32 are matched with the movement tracks of the cutter teeth 15 and the nail teeth 19 in a staggered manner.
The orchard straw covering machine is characterized in that the conveying and stirring device 8 is arranged at the bottom of the carriage 18 in a single group or multiple groups side by side; the conveying material stirring device 8 is driven by the material stirring transmission device 7 to feed backwards; the unbinding and spreading device 9 is driven by the unbinding and spreading transmission device 6 to unbinding and spread downwards; the rotation speeds of the stirring transmission device 7 and the unbinding spreading transmission device 6 are independently adjustable.
The orchard straw covering machine is characterized in that the angle of the unbinding spreading device 9 and the height of the discharging hole 31 can be independently adjusted.
The orchard straw covering machine is characterized by being suitable for bundled straw, loose materials and mixed materials thereof, and is used for covering between orchard rows or improving soil quality of farmlands, deserts and barren lands.
An orchard straw covering machine has the following working principle
The orchard straw mulching machine can complete the unbinding and crushing of materials in a carriage at one time, automatically, continuously and uniformly discharge the materials out of the machine, and simultaneously realize that chemical fertilizers, auxiliary agents, bacterial agents and medicament substances are synchronously added and mixed into a mulching layer in the unbinding and spreading process, and the specific process and the working principle are as follows:
the implementation of the steps (1) to (3) of the claim 1 and the implementation of the claim 2 are completed by the orchard straw mulching machine.
After the material is filled in the box of the covering machine, the mechanical parameters of the conveying stirring device and the unbinding spreading device are adjusted according to the requirements of the travelling speed of the covering machine and the covering thickness of the straw in the orchard, wherein the angle of the unbinding spreading device is adjusted to 0-20 degrees through an angle adjusting mechanism, the height of a discharge hole is adjusted to 5-10 cm through a discharge hole height adjusting mechanism, and the conveying stirring device and the unbinding spreading device are adjusted to reasonable operation speed through a speed regulating valve;
the covering machine walks at a constant speed along the center line between orchard rows, the conveying shifting device is driven by the shifting transmission device to feed backwards, and the unbinding spreading device is driven by the unbinding spreading transmission device to unbinding and shift downwards; the unbinding spreading device is provided with a plurality of rows of spike teeth or cutter teeth, and is used for brushing, impacting, shearing and scraping straw bundles, poking the straw downwards, and throwing out the straw bundles from a discharge hole to spread among orchard rows; the bundling rope of the straw bundle is cut off by the cutter teeth in a sliding way and thrown out through the discharge hole; in order to prevent the binding ropes and the straws from winding the spike teeth or the cutter teeth, a blocking comb is arranged on the unbinding spreading device and is matched with the spike teeth or the cutter teeth to cut off the wound binding ropes or the straws; for loose materials, the conveying stirring device scrapes and moves the loose materials to the rear part of the carriage, and a plurality of rows of spike teeth or cutter teeth are arranged on the unbinding spreading device to realize quantitative discharging and spreading under the actions of brushing, impacting, shearing and scraping; under the action of brushing, impacting, shearing and scraping of a plurality of rows of spike teeth or cutter teeth arranged on the unpacking and spreading device, the straw is unpacked and simultaneously mixed with the loose materials, so that quantitative spreading and spreading are realized.
The spraying device arranged above the discharge hole of the carriage sprays the medicament when the material is thrown out of the discharge hole under the drive of the medicament pump, and the spraying quantity can be adjusted through the spraying device, so that the medicament is mixed with the spread material and is added into the covering layer.
The beneficial technical effects are as follows: the utility model discloses a straw bundle spreading method and an orchard straw covering machine, which can be used for unbinding straw bundles with different shapes, brushing and impacting the straw bundles, so that loose straw after scraping can be continuously, uniformly and quantitatively spread among fruit tree rows, mechanical and standardization of the straw bundle spreading operation of an orchard are realized, popularization and application of the straw covering technology of the orchard are promoted, the straw covering operation cost of the orchard is reduced, the soil condition of the orchard is improved, large-scale and efficient utilization of straw around a fruit area is promoted, and income increase and agricultural efficiency increase of farmers are realized.
Reference numerals:
1. cab 2, gearbox 3, track pan 4, frame 5, hydraulic tipping cylinder 6, bale breaker 7, transfer driver 8, transfer driver 9, bale breaker 10, height adjustment 11, sprayer 12, drug pump 13, angle adjustment mechanism 14, toothed belt mechanism 15, cutter teeth 16, tensioning mechanism 17, drug case 18, carriage 19, spike teeth 20, toothed belt 21, upright 22, carriage rear wall 23, hydraulic pump 24, engine 25, pipe 26, tooth holder 27, driven shaft roller 28, frame 29, unpowered roller 30, drive shaft roller 31, discharge opening 32, comb teeth.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a left side view of the overall structure of an orchard straw mulcher;
FIG. 2 is a right rear side view of the overall structure of the straw mulching machine;
FIG. 3 is a left front side view of an unbinding and spreading device of the straw mulching machine;
FIG. 4 is a side view of the frame of the bale breaking and paving device of the straw mulching machine;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the cutter teeth and comb teeth of the unbinding and spreading device of the straw mulching machine in an orchard.
Detailed Description
Embodiment one: mechanical operation method for bundle-shaped straw bundle-loosening and spreading in orchard
In the embodiment, the bundle-shaped straw unbinding and spreading mechanized operation is carried out in a short-anvil apple garden. The row spacing of the short-stock apples in the orchard is 3.5-4.5 meters, and the tree crowns are tidy.
The square bundle-shaped wheat straw is mechanically unbinding, crushing, brushing and uniformly spreading among fruit tree rows, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) And (2) charging: loading the straw bundles into a compartment of an orchard straw covering machine; the bottom of the carriage is provided with a conveying stirring device, the discharging end of the rear part of the carriage is provided with a bale spreading device, the conveying stirring device and the bale spreading device are intersected in the bottom space of the discharging end of the rear part of the carriage to form a discharging hole, and the height of the discharging hole is adjustable; the direction of the straw bundles in the carriage is consistent, the stacking is orderly arranged, the stacking height is parallel to the upper edge of the carriage, the loading capacity is improved, and the accuracy of subsequent bundle loosening and the uniformity of blanking are ensured; in order to realize the mixed coverage and spreading of the bundle-shaped straw and the loose materials, a certain thickness of the loose materials are filled between each layer of straw bundles when the materials are filled;
(2) And (3) mechanical parameter adjustment: the mechanical parameters of the conveying stirring device and the unbinding spreading device are adjusted according to the travelling speed of the covering machine and the requirement of the covering thickness of the straw in the orchard, so as to meet the requirement of the covering thickness and the requirement of uniformity;
(3) Unbinding and spreading: the covering machine walks at a constant speed along the center line between orchard rows, and in the embodiment, the unbinding spreading device is started firstly, and then the conveying stirring device is started; if the unbinding spreading device and the conveying stirring device are driven by the same power source, synchronous starting is performed; the conveying stirring device scrapes and shifts straw bundles to the rear part of the carriage, contacts with the unbinding spreading device, is provided with a plurality of rows of spike teeth or cutter teeth, brushes, impacts, shears and scrapes the straw bundles, shifts the straw downwards, and throws out and spreads the straw bundles among orchard rows through a discharge hole; the bundling rope of the straw bundle is cut off by the cutter teeth in a sliding way and thrown out through the discharge hole; in order to prevent the binding ropes and the straws from winding the spike teeth or the cutter teeth, a blocking comb is arranged on the unbinding spreading device and is matched with the spike teeth or the cutter teeth to cut off the wound binding ropes or the straws; for loose materials, the conveying stirring device scrapes and moves the loose materials to the rear part of the carriage, and a plurality of rows of spike teeth or cutter teeth are arranged on the unbinding spreading device to realize quantitative discharging and spreading under the actions of brushing, impacting, shearing and scraping; under the action of brushing, impacting, shearing and scraping of a plurality of rows of spike teeth or cutter teeth arranged on the unpacking and spreading device, the straw is unpacked and simultaneously mixed with the loose materials, so that quantitative spreading and spreading are realized.
In order to realize the adjustment of the water content of the covering layer, the water is synchronously sprayed through a spraying device arranged at the rear part of the covering machine and mixed with the spreading material during the operation, so as to adjust the water content of the covering layer.
In order to realize that chemical fertilizers, auxiliary agents, microbial inoculum and medicament substances are synchronously added and mixed into a covering layer in the process of unbinding and spreading, chemical fertilizers, auxiliary agents, microbial inoculum and medicament substances and a dispersing agent are prepared into a certain concentration, and after the step (3), the chemical fertilizers, the auxiliary agents, the microbial inoculum and the medicament substances are synchronously sprayed through a spraying device arranged at the rear part of a covering machine, mixed with spread materials and added into the covering layer.
Embodiment two: orchard straw covering machine
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, an orchard straw covering machine is characterized in that a frame 4 is fixed above a crawler chassis 3, a cab 1, an engine 24, a gearbox 2 and a hydraulic pump 23 are arranged in front of the frame 4, a carriage 18 is arranged behind the upper part of the frame 4, and the bottom of the rear end of the carriage 18 is hinged with the frame 4; at least one hydraulic tipping oil cylinder 5 is arranged on the cross beam of the frame 4, the lower end of the hydraulic tipping oil cylinder is hinged with the frame 4, and the upper end of the hydraulic tipping oil cylinder is hinged with the bottom of the carriage 18;
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, at least one group of conveying and stirring devices 8 are arranged on the inner bottom surface of the carriage 18, and a stirring transmission device 7 is arranged on the outer bottom surface of the carriage 18; the discharging end at the rear part of the carriage 18 is transversely provided with a bale breaking spreading device 9, and the bale breaking spreading transmission device 6 is arranged at the rear side outside the carriage 18; the conveying stirring device 8 and the unbinding spreading device 9 are intersected in the bottom space of the discharging end at the rear part of the carriage 18 to form a discharging hole 31, and the height of the discharging hole 31 is adjustable; the conveying stirring device 8 and the unbinding spreading device 9 are spatially intersected to form an included angle; the covering machine is provided with a medicament box 17 and a medicament pump 12, the rear part outside the carriage 18 is provided with a spraying device 11, and the position of the spraying device 11 is higher than the discharge hole 31; the medicament box 17 is connected with the spraying device 11 through a pipeline 25 by the medicament pump 12;
as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the unbinding and spreading device 9 comprises a frame 28, a driving shaft roller 30, a driven shaft roller 27, a tensioning mechanism 16, a toothed belt mechanism 14, an angle adjusting mechanism 13, a discharge hole height adjusting mechanism 10 and a blocking comb 32;
as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the frame 28 is welded by section steel to form a square frame structure which is mounted at the rear part of the carriage in a manner perpendicular to the side wall of the carriage 18; a plurality of rows of unpowered rollers 29 are transversely arranged in parallel front and back inside the frame structure; the upper end of the frame 28 is transversely provided with a driven shaft roller 27, the lower end of the frame 28 is transversely provided with a driving shaft roller 30, and the driving shaft roller 30 is parallel to the driven shaft roller 27; the tensioning mechanism 16 is arranged on the side frame at the upper end of the rack 28, and the toothed belt mechanism 14 is tensioned by adjusting the distance between the driven shaft roller 27 and the driving shaft roller 30;
as shown in fig. 3 and 5, the toothed belt mechanism 14 comprises a material stirring belt 20, a toothed seat 26, cutter teeth 15 and spike teeth 19, wherein the material stirring belt 20 is installed around a driving shaft roller 30 and a driven shaft roller 27 and is supported by an unpowered roller 29, and the tightness of the material stirring belt 20 is adjusted by a tensioning mechanism 16; a plurality of tooth holders 26 are transversely and parallelly fixed on the material stirring belt 20, and the tooth holders 26 are arranged at a certain distance from each other; the cutter teeth 15 and the spike teeth 19 are uniformly arranged on the tooth holder 26, and the tooth holder 26, the cutter teeth 15 and the spike teeth 19 synchronously rotate along with the material stirring belt 20; in the embodiment, the cutter teeth 15 and the spike teeth 19 are uniformly staggered, so that the stress balance of the stirring belt 20 is facilitated, and the deviation phenomenon is avoided;
as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the angle adjusting mechanism 13 is installed at the upper part of the side wall of the carriage and is connected with the stand 28, so that the stand 28 rotates around the driving shaft roller 30 by a certain angle, and the angle adjusting range of the angle adjusting mechanism 13 to the unbinding spreading device 9 in the embodiment is 0 to 20 degrees; the discharge hole height adjusting mechanism 10 is arranged at the lower part of the upright post 21 at the rear part of the carriage 18 and is connected with the frame 28, so that the unbinding spreading device 9 moves up and down relative to the conveying stirring device 8, and the height of the discharge hole 31 is adjusted; the blocking comb 32 is transversely arranged below the inner part of the rear wall 22 of the carriage, and the comb teeth of the blocking comb 32 are matched with the movement tracks of the cutter teeth 15 and the nail teeth 19 in a staggered manner.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the orchard straw covering machine is characterized in that the conveying and stirring devices 8 are arranged at the bottom of the carriage 18 in a single group or multiple groups side by side, and in this embodiment, the conveying and stirring devices 8 are arranged in two groups; the conveying material stirring device 8 is driven by the material stirring transmission device 7 to feed backwards; the unbinding and spreading device 9 is driven by the unbinding and spreading transmission device 6 to unbinding and spread downwards; the rotation speeds of the stirring transmission device 7 and the unbinding spreading transmission device 6 are independently adjustable.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the angle of the unbinding spreading device 9 and the height of the discharge opening 31 can be adjusted independently, and in this embodiment, the height adjustment range of the discharge opening 31 is 5cm to 10cm.
The orchard straw covering machine is characterized by being suitable for bundled straw, loose materials and mixed materials thereof, and is used for covering between orchard rows or improving soil quality of farmlands, deserts and barren lands.
Further explaining the working principle of the chain plate type feeding mechanism for the carriage, disclosed by the utility model:
after the material is filled in the box of the covering machine, the mechanical parameters of the conveying stirring device and the unbinding spreading device are adjusted according to the requirements of the travelling speed of the covering machine and the covering thickness of the straw in the orchard, wherein the angle of the unbinding spreading device is adjusted to 0-20 degrees through an angle adjusting mechanism, the height of a discharge hole is adjusted to 5-10 cm through a discharge hole height adjusting mechanism, and the conveying stirring device and the unbinding spreading device are adjusted to reasonable operation speed through a speed regulating valve;
the covering machine walks at a constant speed along the center line between orchard rows, the conveying shifting device is driven by the shifting transmission device to feed backwards, and the unbinding spreading device is driven by the unbinding spreading transmission device to unbinding and shift downwards; the unbinding spreading device is provided with a plurality of rows of spike teeth or cutter teeth, and is used for brushing, impacting, shearing and scraping straw bundles, poking the straw downwards, and throwing out the straw bundles from a discharge hole to spread among orchard rows; the bundling rope of the straw bundle is cut off by the cutter teeth in a sliding way and thrown out through the discharge hole; in order to prevent the binding ropes and the straws from winding the spike teeth or the cutter teeth, a blocking comb is arranged on the unbinding spreading device and is matched with the spike teeth or the cutter teeth to cut off the wound binding ropes or the straws; for loose materials, the conveying stirring device scrapes and moves the loose materials to the rear part of the carriage, and a plurality of rows of spike teeth or cutter teeth are arranged on the unbinding spreading device to realize quantitative discharging and spreading under the actions of brushing, impacting, shearing and scraping; under the action of brushing, impacting, shearing and scraping of a plurality of rows of spike teeth or cutter teeth arranged on the unpacking and spreading device, the straw is unpacked and simultaneously mixed with the loose materials, so that quantitative spreading and spreading are realized.
The spraying device arranged above the discharge hole of the carriage sprays the medicament when the material is thrown out of the discharge hole under the drive of the medicament pump, and the spraying quantity can be adjusted through the spraying device, so that the medicament is mixed with the spread material and is added into the covering layer.
Claims (8)
1. A straw unbinding and spreading method is characterized in that bundle-shaped straws in different bundling modes are unbinding, broken, combed and uniformly spread among fruit tree rows in a mechanized mode; in addition to baled material, the method is also suitable for spreading bulk material, and comprises the steps of:
(1) And (2) charging: loading the straw bundles into a compartment of an orchard straw covering machine; the bottom of the carriage is provided with a conveying stirring device, the discharging end of the rear part of the carriage is provided with a bale spreading device, the conveying stirring device and the bale spreading device are intersected in the bottom space of the discharging end of the rear part of the carriage to form a discharging hole, and the height of the discharging hole is adjustable; the direction of the straw bundles in the carriage is consistent, the stacking is orderly arranged, the stacking height is parallel to the upper edge of the carriage, the loading capacity is improved, and the accuracy of subsequent bundle loosening and the uniformity of blanking are ensured; in order to realize the mixed coverage and spreading of the bundle-shaped straw and the loose materials, a certain thickness of the loose materials are filled between each layer of straw bundles when the materials are filled;
(2) And (3) mechanical parameter adjustment: the mechanical parameters of the conveying stirring device and the unbinding spreading device are adjusted according to the travelling speed of the covering machine and the requirement of the covering thickness of the straw in the orchard, so as to meet the requirement of the covering thickness and the requirement of uniformity;
(3) Unbinding and spreading: the covering machine walks at a constant speed along the center line of the orchard row space, firstly starts the unbinding spreading device, and then starts the conveying shifting device; if the unbinding spreading device and the conveying stirring device are driven by the same power source, synchronous starting is performed; the conveying stirring device scrapes and shifts straw bundles to the rear part of the carriage, contacts with the unbinding spreading device, is provided with a plurality of rows of spike teeth or cutter teeth, brushes, impacts, shears and scrapes the straw bundles, shifts the straw downwards, and throws out and spreads the straw bundles among orchard rows through a discharge hole; the bundling rope of the straw bundle is cut off by the cutter teeth in a sliding way and thrown out through the discharge hole; in order to prevent the binding ropes and the straws from winding the spike teeth or the cutter teeth, a blocking comb is arranged on the unbinding spreading device and is matched with the spike teeth or the cutter teeth to cut off the wound binding ropes or the straws; for loose materials, the conveying stirring device scrapes and moves the loose materials to the rear part of the carriage, and a plurality of rows of spike teeth or cutter teeth are arranged on the unbinding spreading device to realize quantitative discharging and spreading under the actions of brushing, impacting, shearing and scraping; under the action of brushing, impacting, shearing and scraping of a plurality of rows of spike teeth or cutter teeth arranged on the unpacking and spreading device, the straw is unpacked and simultaneously mixed with the loose materials, so that quantitative spreading and spreading are realized.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in order to realize the adjustment of the moisture of the covering layer, after the step (3), water is sprayed synchronously by a spraying device arranged at the rear part of the covering machine, and mixed with the spread material to adjust the moisture of the covering layer.
3. The straw bale breaking and spreading method according to claim 1, wherein in order to realize that chemical fertilizers, auxiliary agents, microbial agents and medicament substances are synchronously added and mixed into the covering layer in the bale breaking and spreading process, the chemical fertilizers, auxiliary agents, microbial agents and medicament substances are prepared into a certain concentration with a dispersing agent, and after the step (3), the chemical fertilizers, the auxiliary agents, the microbial agents and the dispersing agent are synchronously sprayed through a spraying device arranged at the rear part of the covering machine, mixed with spreading materials and added into the covering layer.
4. The method for spreading and unbinding straw according to claim 1, wherein the bundled straw is formed by bundling crop straw; the loose materials refer to materials which are not formed by bundling and comprise loose stalk materials, block materials, granular materials and powdery materials.
5. The orchard straw covering machine is characterized in that a frame (4) is fixed above a crawler chassis (3), a cab (1), an engine (24), a gearbox (2) and a hydraulic pump (23) are arranged in front of the frame (4), a carriage (18) is arranged behind the upper part of the frame (4), and the bottom of the rear end of the carriage (18) is hinged with the frame (4); at least one hydraulic tipping oil cylinder (5) is arranged on the cross beam of the frame (4), the lower end of the hydraulic tipping oil cylinder is hinged with the frame (4), and the upper end of the hydraulic tipping oil cylinder is hinged with the bottom of the carriage (18);
at least one group of conveying material shifting devices (8) are arranged on the inner bottom surface of the carriage (18), and a material shifting transmission device (7) is arranged on the outer bottom surface of the carriage (18); the discharging end at the rear part of the carriage (18) is transversely provided with a bale breaking spreading device (9), and the bale breaking spreading transmission device (6) is arranged at the rear side outside the carriage (18); the conveying stirring device (8) and the unbinding spreading device (9) are intersected in the bottom space of the discharging end at the rear part of the carriage (18) to form a discharging hole (31), and the height of the discharging hole (31) is adjustable; the conveying stirring device (8) and the unbinding spreading device (9) are spatially intersected to form an included angle; a medicament box (17) and a medicament pump (12) are arranged on the covering machine, a spraying device (11) is arranged at the rear outside the carriage (18), and the position of the spraying device (11) is higher than the discharge hole (31); the medicament box (17) is connected with the spraying device (11) through a pipeline (25) by a medicament pump (12);
the unbinding spreading device (9) comprises a frame (28), a driving shaft roller (30), a driven shaft roller (27), a tensioning mechanism (16), a toothed belt mechanism (14), an angle adjusting mechanism (13), a discharge hole height adjusting mechanism (10) and a blocking comb (32);
the frame (28) is welded into a square frame structure by section steel, and is arranged at the rear part in the carriage perpendicular to the side wall of the carriage (18); a plurality of rows of unpowered rollers (29) are transversely arranged in parallel front and back in the frame structure; the upper end of the frame (28) is transversely provided with a driven shaft roller (27), the lower end of the frame (28) is transversely provided with a driving shaft roller (30), and the driving shaft roller (30) is parallel to the driven shaft roller (27); a tensioning mechanism (16) is arranged on the side frame at the upper end of the frame (28), and the toothed belt mechanism (14) is tensioned by adjusting the distance between the driven shaft roller (27) and the driving shaft roller (30);
the toothed belt mechanism (14) comprises a stirring belt (20), a toothed seat (26), cutter teeth (15) and spike teeth (19), wherein the stirring belt (20) is arranged around a driving shaft roller (30) and a driven shaft roller (27) and is supported by an unpowered roller (29), and the tightness of the stirring belt (20) is adjusted by a tensioning mechanism (16); a plurality of tooth holders (26) are transversely and parallelly fixed on the material stirring belt (20), and the tooth holders (26) are arranged at a certain distance from each other; the cutter teeth (15) and the spike teeth (19) are uniformly arranged on the tooth holder (26), and the tooth holder (26), the cutter teeth (15) and the spike teeth (19) synchronously rotate along with the material stirring belt (20);
the angle adjusting mechanism (13) is arranged at the upper part of the side wall of the carriage and is connected with the stand (28) so that the stand (28) rotates around the driving shaft roller (30) for a certain angle; the discharging hole height adjusting mechanism (10) is arranged at the lower part of a post (21) at the rear part of the carriage (18) and is connected with the frame (28) to enable the unbinding spreading device (9) to move up and down relative to the conveying stirring device (8) and adjust the height of the discharging hole (31); the blocking comb (32) is transversely arranged below the inner part of the rear wall (22) of the carriage, and comb teeth of the blocking comb (32) are matched with movement tracks of the cutter teeth (15) and the nail teeth (19) in a staggered mode.
6. The orchard straw mulching machine according to claim 5, wherein the conveying and stirring device (8) is arranged at the bottom of the carriage (18) in a single group or multiple groups side by side; the conveying stirring device (8) is driven by the stirring transmission device (7) to feed backwards; the unbinding spreading device (9) is driven by the unbinding spreading transmission device (6) to unbinding and downwards poke materials; the rotating speeds of the stirring transmission device (7) and the unbinding spreading transmission device (6) are independently adjustable.
7. The orchard straw mulching machine according to claim 5, wherein the angle of the unbinding spreading device (9) and the height of the discharging hole (31) can be independently adjusted.
8. The straw mulching machine for orchards according to claim 5, wherein the mulching machine is adapted to baled straw, loose material and mixtures thereof for inter-row mulching of orchards or soil improvement in farmlands, deserts and barren lands.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811499225.0A CN109287179B (en) | 2018-12-08 | 2018-12-08 | Straw unbinding and spreading method and orchard straw covering machine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811499225.0A CN109287179B (en) | 2018-12-08 | 2018-12-08 | Straw unbinding and spreading method and orchard straw covering machine |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN109287179A CN109287179A (en) | 2019-02-01 |
| CN109287179B true CN109287179B (en) | 2023-10-31 |
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| CN112492912B (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2023-07-21 | 西北农林科技大学 | Vehicle-mounted straw unbinding and spreading method and orchard straw covering machine |
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