CN210226133U - Orchard straw covering machine capable of automatically unbinding bundles - Google Patents
Orchard straw covering machine capable of automatically unbinding bundles Download PDFInfo
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- CN210226133U CN210226133U CN201822055446.0U CN201822055446U CN210226133U CN 210226133 U CN210226133 U CN 210226133U CN 201822055446 U CN201822055446 U CN 201822055446U CN 210226133 U CN210226133 U CN 210226133U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a from orchard straw covering machine of unbinding bundle belongs to orchard machinery technical field. The straw bundles with different shapes are unpacked, combed and impacted, so that scattered straws after scraping can be continuously, uniformly and quantitatively spread among the rows of the fruit trees. The orchard straw covering machine mainly comprises a carriage, a conveying and stirring device, a bale breaking and spreading device, a spraying device and a power device; the conveying and material shifting device is arranged on the bottom surface in the carriage, the bundle removing and material spreading device is arranged at the rear part in the carriage, and the spraying device is arranged at the rear upper part outside the carriage; the conveying and material shifting device and the bundle spreading device are driven by a power device; the method and the orchard straw covering machine are suitable for dry orchard, are particularly suitable for mechanized straw bundle unpacking and covering operation of the orchard, are beneficial to unpacking and uniform blanking of straw bundles, reduce the straw covering cost, promote the scale utilization of straws, and are also suitable for discharging mushroom dregs, stable manure, organic fertilizers and various agricultural wastes, thereby realizing the agricultural income and efficiency increase.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model discloses a from orchard straw covering machine of unbinding relates to straw utilization field and agricultural machine technical field, especially relates to the mechanized field of upland orchard straw unbinding bundle covering in arid area.
Background
In recent years, with the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure in China, the scale of fruit industry is rapidly developed, the planting area of apples, pears, peaches, grapes, oranges and the like reaches the first world, and China becomes a fruit industry big country. However, compared with developed countries, the fruit industry in China still has serious problems, which leads to low product quality and low industrial benefit. An important problem is that orchard soil is barren and excessively depends on chemical fertilizers, so that soil hardening is caused; soil water shortage in arid, semiarid and seasonal water shortage areas has always been a bottleneck problem restricting fruit industry development. Particularly in northern arid lands and southwest areas of China, the moisture conservation and water conservation of orchards and the improvement of organic matter content become the central importance of orchard management. According to the determination, the content of organic matters in apple orchards in northwest arid areas of China is generally below 1.0 percent, the content of organic matters in apple orchards in Europe and America is generally above 3.0 percent, the content of organic matters in Japanese apple orchards even reaches 6.8 percent, and barren soil seriously restricts the output and the quality of fruit industry in China.
Aiming at the problems of water shortage, impoverishment, low organic matter content and the like of fruit industry soil in arid regions of China, experimental research is carried out on aspects such as cultivation modes, fertilizer and water management, soil management and the like in various regions, and an orchard interline ground surface covering technology is provided, namely a soil management method for covering bare soil between orchard interlines or around trees by using organic materials such as films or common crop straws and the like. Because the straw resources contain a certain amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, the nutrients are gradually released to be absorbed and utilized by the fruit trees along with the decomposition of the straws after covering, and simultaneously, the activity and the amount of soil microorganisms are effectively improved. The straw covering in the orchard can also effectively improve the photosynthetic rate and increase the quality and the shape of single fruits. The straw mulching has obvious effects on soil moisture conservation, heat preservation, soil fertility, weed inhibition and the like, is particularly suitable for orchards in arid regions, is rich in straw resources in China, and can promote efficient utilization of straws and improve the soil environment of the orchards on the one hand by utilizing the straws for orchard mulching, so that the quality of apples is improved.
At present, the orchard straw covering method is simple and crude, and the inventor finds that the covering machine directly unbundles and covers bundled straws, so that the loading capacity of the covering machine is increased, and the straw covering efficiency is greatly improved; the reason is that the straw is used as loose materials, the volume is large, the density is small, the loading capacity of the covering machine is small, and the covering machine such as the covering machine carriages described in patents CN201621199168.0 and CN201721265059.9 cannot unpack the bundled straw and continuously and uniformly discharge the bundled straw even if the carriages are overturned or a feeding device is added. This limits the performance of the working efficiency of the mulch applicator. Therefore, the simple and crude method for covering the straws of the orchard in the past is changed, the mechanized technology for covering the straws of the orchard is researched, and the operation machine for unbundling and covering the bundled straws is developed, so that the method is the key for playing the technical benefits of covering the straws of the orchard, is an important way for realizing the efficient utilization of the straw resources in the fruit industry with high added value, and is an important guarantee for improving the moisture content and organic matter content of the soil of the orchard and realizing the high yield and high efficiency of the orchard.
In order to solve the problem, the utility model discloses a from orchard straw covering machine of unbinding bundles is with the straw bundle of different shapes bundle of. The problems of simple and crude straw covering technical method, labor and time waste in the existing orchard can be solved, the application of the straw covering technology in the orchard is promoted, soil moisture preservation and water conservation, fertilizer increase, grass suppression and heat preservation of the orchard soil are realized, the operation cost is reduced, the operation quality is improved, and the fruit industry yield and benefit are improved; solves the problems of straw resource waste and incineration pollution in areas around the orchard garden, and realizes the income increase of farmers and the agricultural efficiency increase.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims at: the orchard straw covering machine capable of realizing self-unbundling can realize mechanization and standardization of orchard straw unbundling covering operation, promote popularization and application of orchard straw covering technology, reduce orchard straw covering operation cost, improve orchard soil conditions, promote large-scale efficient utilization of straws around a fruit area, and realize farmer income increase and agricultural efficiency increase.
The utility model discloses the technical problem who solves: 1) how to treat the straw material into a suitable orchard covering substrate; 2) how to unback and crush the bundle-shaped straws and achieve proper covering quality; 3) how to mechanically adjust each coverage parameter; 4) The disclosed orchard straw covering machine realizes unbundling and covering of bundled straws according to the composition and structure.
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model provides a following technical scheme:
a straw bundle removing and spreading method is characterized in that bundles of straws in different bundling modes are removed, crushed, brushed and uniformly spread among rows of fruit trees in a mechanized mode; besides the bundle-shaped material, the method is also suitable for spreading cloth of loose-state material, and comprises the following steps:
(1) charging: loading the straw bundles into a compartment of the orchard straw covering machine; the bottom of the carriage is provided with a conveying and stirring device, the discharge end at the rear part of the carriage is provided with a bale breaking and spreading device, the conveying and stirring device and the bale breaking and spreading device are crossed in the bottom space of the discharge end at the rear part of the carriage to form a discharge port, and the height of the discharge port is adjustable; the straw bundles are uniformly stacked in the carriage, the stacking height is flush with the upper edge of the carriage, the loading capacity is improved, and the accuracy of subsequent bundle removing and the blanking uniformity are ensured; in order to realize the mixed covering and spreading of the bundle-shaped straws and the loose materials, the loose materials with certain thickness are filled between every two layers of straw bundles during the loading process.
(2) Adjusting mechanical parameters: adjusting mechanical parameters of the conveying material shifting device and the bale breaking and spreading device according to the traveling speed of the covering machine and the covering thickness requirement of the orchard straw so as to meet the covering thickness requirement and the uniformity requirement;
(3) unpacking and paving: the covering machine walks at a constant speed along the center line between rows of the orchard, the bale breaking and spreading device is started firstly, and then the conveying and stirring device is started; if the bale breaking and spreading device and the conveying and stirring device are driven by the same power source, the bale breaking and spreading device and the conveying and stirring device are synchronously started; the conveying and stirring device scrapes and stirs the straw bundles to the rear part of the carriage and contacts with the bale breaking and spreading device, a plurality of rows of nail teeth or cutter teeth are arranged on the bale breaking and spreading device, the straw bundles are combed, impacted, sheared and scraped, the straw is stirred downwards and is thrown out from a discharge port and spread among orchard rows; the binding rope of the straw bundle is cut off by the cutter teeth in a sliding way and is thrown out through the discharge port; in order to prevent the binding ropes and the straws from winding the spike teeth or the knife teeth, the bale breaking and spreading device is provided with a baffle comb which is matched with the spike teeth or the knife teeth to cut off the wound binding ropes or the straws; for loose materials, the conveying and stirring device scrapes and stirs the loose materials to the rear part of the carriage, and the unbundling and spreading device is provided with a plurality of rows of combing, impacting, shearing and scraping functions of nail teeth or knife teeth to realize quantitative material discharging and spreading; when bundled straws and loose materials are mixed, when the bundled straws and the loose materials are unpacked and spread, the bundled straws and the loose materials are mixed at the same time under the actions of combing, impacting, shearing and scraping of a plurality of rows of nail teeth or knife teeth arranged on the bundled and spread device, so that the quantitative spreading and distributing are realized.
The straw bundle removing and spreading method is characterized in that in order to achieve moisture adjustment of the covering layer, after the step (3), water is synchronously sprayed through a spraying device arranged at the rear part of a covering machine and mixed with spread materials, and moisture of the covering layer is adjusted.
The straw bundle-removing and spreading method is characterized in that in order to achieve the effect that chemical fertilizers, auxiliaries, microbial agents and medicament substances are synchronously added and mixed into a covering layer in the bundle-removing and spreading process, the chemical fertilizers, the auxiliaries, the microbial agents, the medicament substances and dispersing agents are prepared into a certain concentration, and after the step (3), the chemical fertilizers, the auxiliaries, the microbial agents, the medicament substances and the dispersing agents are synchronously sprayed by a spraying device arranged at the rear part of a covering machine, are mixed with spreading materials and are added into the covering layer.
The straw bundle removing and spreading method is characterized in that the bundled straws are bundled and formed crop straws; the loose materials are materials which are not formed by bundling and comprise loose stalk materials, block materials, granular materials and powdery materials.
A self-unbinding orchard straw covering machine is characterized in that a frame 4 is fixed above a crawler chassis 3, a cab 1, an engine 24, a speed changing compartment 2 and a hydraulic pump 23 are installed in front of the frame 4, a compartment 18 is installed behind the upper portion of the frame 4, and the bottom of the rear end of the compartment 18 is hinged with the frame 4; at least one hydraulic tipping oil cylinder 5 is arranged on a cross beam of the frame 4, the lower end of the hydraulic tipping oil cylinder is hinged with the frame 4, and the upper end of the hydraulic tipping oil cylinder is hinged with the bottom of the carriage 18;
at least one group of conveying and material-shifting devices 8 are arranged on the inner bottom surface of the carriage 18, and a material-shifting transmission device 7 is arranged on the outer bottom surface of the carriage 18; the bale breaking and spreading device 9 is transversely arranged at the discharge end at the rear part of the carriage 18, and the bale breaking and spreading transmission device 6 is arranged at the lateral rear part outside the carriage 18; the conveying and stirring device 8 and the bale breaking and spreading device 9 are crossed at the bottom space of the discharge end at the rear part of the carriage 18 to form a discharge port 31, and the height of the discharge port 31 is adjustable; the conveying and stirring device 8 and the bale breaking and spreading device 9 are spatially crossed to form an included angle; the covering machine is provided with a chemical box 17 and a chemical pump 12, the spraying device 11 is arranged at the rear part outside the carriage 18, and the position of the spraying device 11 is higher than the discharge port 31; the chemical box 17 is connected with the spraying device 11 through a pipeline 25 by the chemical pump 12;
the bale breaking and spreading device 9 comprises a frame 28, a driving shaft roller 30, a driven shaft roller 27, a tensioning mechanism 16, a toothed belt mechanism 14, an angle adjusting mechanism 13, a discharge port height adjusting mechanism 10 and a blocking comb 32;
the frame 28 is welded by section steel to form a square frame structure, and is perpendicular to the side wall of the carriage 18 and is arranged at the rear part in the carriage; a plurality of rows of unpowered rollers 29 are transversely arranged in parallel in the front and back direction in the frame structure; the upper end of the frame 28 is transversely provided with a driven shaft roller 27, the lower end of the frame 28 is transversely provided with a driving shaft roller 30, and the driving shaft roller 30 is parallel to the driven shaft roller 27; a tensioning mechanism 16 is arranged on a side frame at the upper end of the frame 28, and the toothed belt mechanism 14 is tensioned by adjusting the distance between the driven shaft roller 27 and the driving shaft roller 30;
the toothed belt mechanism 14 comprises a material shifting belt 20, a toothed seat 26, cutter teeth 15 and nail teeth 19, the material shifting belt 20 is arranged around a driving shaft roller 30 and a driven shaft roller 27 and is supported by an unpowered roller 29, and the tightness of the material shifting belt 20 is adjusted by a tensioning mechanism 16; a plurality of tooth holders 26 are transversely fixed on the material shifting belt 20 in parallel, and the tooth holders 26 are arranged at a certain distance from each other; the cutter teeth 15 and the nail teeth 19 are uniformly arranged on the tooth holder 26, and the tooth holder 26, the cutter teeth 15 and the nail teeth 19 synchronously rotate along with the material shifting belt 20;
the angle adjusting mechanism 13 is arranged at the upper part of the side wall of the carriage and connected with the frame 28, so that the frame 28 rotates for a certain angle around the driving shaft roller 30; the discharge port height adjusting mechanism 10 is arranged at the lower part of a column 21 at the rear part of the carriage 18 and is connected with a rack 28, so that the unpacking and spreading device 9 can move up and down relative to the conveying and stirring device 8, and the height of the discharge port 31 is adjusted; the blocking comb 32 is transversely arranged below the inner part of the carriage back wall 22, and the comb teeth of the blocking comb 32 are matched with the movement tracks of the cutter teeth 15 and the nail teeth 19 in a staggered manner.
The orchard straw covering machine capable of realizing self-unbinding is characterized in that a single group or multiple groups of conveying and material stirring devices 8 are arranged at the bottom of a carriage 18 side by side; the conveying and material-shifting device 8 feeds materials backwards under the driving of the material-shifting transmission device 7; the bundle removing and spreading device 9 is driven by the bundle removing and spreading transmission device 6 to remove bundles and shift materials downwards; the rotating speeds of the material shifting transmission device 7 and the bundle removing and spreading transmission device 6 are independently adjustable.
The orchard straw covering machine capable of realizing self-unbinding is characterized in that the angle of the unbinding and spreading device 9 and the height of the discharge hole 31 can be independently adjusted.
The orchard straw covering machine capable of automatically unbinding bundles is characterized in that the covering machine is suitable for bundled straws, loose materials and mixed materials thereof and is used for covering orchard lines or improving soil quality of farmlands, deserts and barren lands.
A self-unbinding orchard straw covering machine has the following working principle
A orchard straw covering machine from bale breaking can once only accomplish and unpack the material in the carriage and the breakage and automatic, continuous, even discharge machine is outside, realize chemical fertilizer, auxiliary agent, microbial inoculum, medicament class material simultaneously and in the bale breaking and spreading in-process synchronous addition mix the overburden, concrete process and theory of operation are expressed as follows:
the implementation of the steps (1) to (3) is completed by the integral orchard straw covering machine.
After materials are loaded in a covering locomotive compartment, mechanical parameters of a conveying material stirring device and a bale breaking and spreading device are adjusted according to the driving speed of a covering locomotive and the straw covering thickness requirement of an orchard, wherein the angle of the bale breaking and spreading device is adjusted to 0-20 degrees through an angle adjusting mechanism, the height of a discharge port is adjusted to 5-10 cm through a discharge port height adjusting mechanism, and the conveying material stirring device and the bale breaking and spreading device are adjusted to reasonable operation speed through a speed adjusting valve;
the covering machine walks at a constant speed along the center line between rows of the orchard, the conveying and material shifting device feeds materials backwards under the driving of the material shifting transmission device, and the bundle removing and material spreading device removes bundles and dials materials downwards under the driving of the bundle removing and material spreading transmission device; the bale breaking and spreading device is provided with a plurality of rows of nail teeth or cutter teeth, comb brushes, impacts, shears and scrapes straw bales, the straws are stirred downwards and are thrown out from a discharge port and spread among orchard lines; the binding rope of the straw bundle is cut off by the cutter teeth in a sliding way and is thrown out through the discharge port; in order to prevent the binding ropes and the straws from winding the spike teeth or the knife teeth, the bale breaking and spreading device is provided with a baffle comb which is matched with the spike teeth or the knife teeth to cut off the wound binding ropes or the straws; for loose materials, the conveying and stirring device scrapes and stirs the loose materials to the rear part of the carriage, and the unbundling and spreading device is provided with a plurality of rows of combing, impacting, shearing and scraping functions of nail teeth or knife teeth to realize quantitative material discharging and spreading; when bundled straws and loose materials are mixed, when the bundled straws and the loose materials are unpacked and spread, the bundled straws and the loose materials are mixed at the same time under the actions of combing, impacting, shearing and scraping of a plurality of rows of nail teeth or knife teeth arranged on the bundled and spread device, so that the quantitative spreading and distributing are realized.
The spraying device arranged above the discharge port of the carriage sprays the medicament while the material is thrown out of the discharge port under the driving of the medicine pump, and the spraying amount can be adjusted by the spraying device, so that the medicament is mixed with the spread material and is added into the covering layer.
The beneficial technical effects are as follows: the utility model discloses a from orchard straw covering machine of unbinding bundle, can unbundling bundle with the straw bundle of different shapes, and with the straw bundle combing brush, the impact, the straw that the messenger scraped and dialled the back loose can be in succession, evenly, the ration is spread and is scattered in the fruit tree inter-row, realize that orchard bundle form straw is unbound and is removed bundle covering operation mechanization, the standardization, promote the popularization and application of orchard straw covering technique, reduce orchard straw covering operation cost, improve orchard soil conditions, promote the peripheral straw of fruit district and utilize on a large scale with high efficiency, realize that the peasant increases income, agricultural synergy.
Reference numerals:
1. the automatic bundling and spreading machine comprises a cab 2, a gearbox 3, a crawler chassis 4, a frame 5, a hydraulic tipping oil cylinder 6, a bundle removing and spreading transmission device 7, a material stirring transmission device 8, a conveying and stirring device 9, a bundle removing and spreading device 10, a height adjusting device 11, a spraying device 12, a medicine pump 13, an angle adjusting mechanism 14, a toothed belt mechanism 15, cutter teeth 16, a tensioning mechanism 17, a medicine box 18, a carriage 19, nail teeth 20, toothed belts 21, a stand column 22, a carriage rear wall 23, a hydraulic pump 24, an engine 25, a pipeline 26, a toothed seat 27, a driven shaft roller 28, a rack 29, an unpowered roller 30, a driving shaft roller 31 and a discharge port 32, and comb teeth.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a left side view of the overall structure of the orchard straw covering machine;
FIG. 2 is a right rear side view of the overall structure of the orchard straw covering machine;
FIG. 3 is a left front side view of a bale breaking and spreading device of the orchard straw covering machine;
FIG. 4 is a side view of a frame of the unbuckling and spreading device of the straw mulching machine for an orchard;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the cooperation of cutter teeth and comb teeth of the bundle removing and spreading device of the orchard straw covering machine.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: mechanical operation method for bundle removing and material spreading of bundle-shaped straws in orchard
This example is a mechanised operation of bale straw debarking and spreading in an dwarf apple orchard. The row spacing of dwarf apples in the orchard is 3.5-4.5 m, and the tree crowns are regular.
The method comprises the following steps of mechanically unbinding, crushing, combing and uniformly spreading square bundle-shaped wheat straws among fruit tree rows, wherein the square bundle-shaped wheat straws are subjected to combing and brushing, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) charging: loading the straw bundles into a compartment of the orchard straw covering machine; the bottom of the carriage is provided with a conveying and stirring device, the discharge end at the rear part of the carriage is provided with a bale breaking and spreading device, the conveying and stirring device and the bale breaking and spreading device are crossed in the bottom space of the discharge end at the rear part of the carriage to form a discharge port, and the height of the discharge port is adjustable; the straw bundles are uniformly stacked in the carriage, the stacking height is flush with the upper edge of the carriage, the loading capacity is improved, and the accuracy of subsequent bundle removing and the blanking uniformity are ensured; in order to realize the mixed covering and spreading of the bundle-shaped straws and the loose materials, the loose materials with certain thickness are filled between every two layers of straw bundles during the loading process.
(2) Adjusting mechanical parameters: adjusting mechanical parameters of the conveying material shifting device and the bale breaking and spreading device according to the traveling speed of the covering machine and the covering thickness requirement of the orchard straw so as to meet the covering thickness requirement and the uniformity requirement;
(3) unpacking and paving: the covering machine walks at a constant speed along the center line between rows of the orchard, the bale breaking and spreading device is started firstly in the embodiment, and then the conveying and stirring device is started; if the bale breaking and spreading device and the conveying and stirring device are driven by the same power source, the bale breaking and spreading device and the conveying and stirring device are synchronously started; the conveying and stirring device scrapes and stirs the straw bundles to the rear part of the carriage and contacts with the bale breaking and spreading device, a plurality of rows of nail teeth or cutter teeth are arranged on the bale breaking and spreading device, the straw bundles are combed, impacted, sheared and scraped, the straw is stirred downwards and is thrown out from a discharge port and spread among orchard rows; the binding rope of the straw bundle is cut off by the cutter teeth in a sliding way and is thrown out through the discharge port; in order to prevent the binding ropes and the straws from winding the spike teeth or the knife teeth, the bale breaking and spreading device is provided with a baffle comb which is matched with the spike teeth or the knife teeth to cut off the wound binding ropes or the straws; for loose materials, the conveying and stirring device scrapes and stirs the loose materials to the rear part of the carriage, and the unbundling and spreading device is provided with a plurality of rows of combing, impacting, shearing and scraping functions of nail teeth or knife teeth to realize quantitative material discharging and spreading; when bundled straws and loose materials are mixed, when the bundled straws and the loose materials are unpacked and spread, the bundled straws and the loose materials are mixed at the same time under the actions of combing, impacting, shearing and scraping of a plurality of rows of nail teeth or knife teeth arranged on the bundled and spread device, so that the quantitative spreading and distributing are realized.
In order to realize moisture adjustment of a covering layer, during operation, after the step (3), water is synchronously sprayed by a spraying device arranged at the rear part of a covering machine and mixed with spread materials to adjust the moisture of the covering layer.
In order to realize synchronous adding and mixing of chemical fertilizer, auxiliary agent, microbial inoculum and medicament substances into a covering layer in the bale breaking and spreading process, the chemical fertilizer, the auxiliary agent, the microbial inoculum, the medicament substances and a dispersing agent are prepared into a certain concentration, and after the step (3), the chemical fertilizer, the auxiliary agent, the microbial inoculum, the medicament substances and the dispersing agent are synchronously sprayed by a spraying device arranged at the rear part of a covering machine, mixed with spread materials and added into the covering layer.
Example two: orchard straw covering machine
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the orchard straw covering machine capable of self-unbinding is characterized in that a frame 4 is fixed above a crawler chassis 3, a cab 1, an engine 24, a speed changing compartment 2 and a hydraulic pump 23 are installed in front of the frame 4, a compartment 18 is installed behind the upper portion of the frame 4, and the bottom of the rear end of the compartment 18 is hinged with the frame 4; at least one hydraulic tipping oil cylinder 5 is arranged on a cross beam of the frame 4, the lower end of the hydraulic tipping oil cylinder is hinged with the frame 4, and the upper end of the hydraulic tipping oil cylinder is hinged with the bottom of the carriage 18;
as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, at least one group of conveying and material-shifting devices 8 are arranged on the inner bottom surface of the carriage 18, and a material-shifting transmission device 7 is arranged on the outer bottom surface of the carriage 18; the bale breaking and spreading device 9 is transversely arranged at the discharge end at the rear part of the carriage 18, and the bale breaking and spreading transmission device 6 is arranged at the lateral rear part outside the carriage 18; the conveying and stirring device 8 and the bale breaking and spreading device 9 are crossed at the bottom space of the discharge end at the rear part of the carriage 18 to form a discharge port 31, and the height of the discharge port 31 is adjustable; the conveying and stirring device 8 and the bale breaking and spreading device 9 are spatially crossed to form an included angle; the covering machine is provided with a chemical box 17 and a chemical pump 12, the spraying device 11 is arranged at the rear part outside the carriage 18, and the position of the spraying device 11 is higher than the discharge port 31; the chemical box 17 is connected with the spraying device 11 through a pipeline 25 by the chemical pump 12;
as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the bale breaking and spreading device 9 comprises a frame 28, a driving shaft roller 30, a driven shaft roller 27, a tensioning mechanism 16, a toothed belt mechanism 14, an angle adjusting mechanism 13, a discharge port height adjusting mechanism 10 and a blocking comb 32;
as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the frame 28 is welded by steel sections to form a square frame structure, and is arranged at the rear part in the carriage perpendicular to the side wall of the carriage 18; a plurality of rows of unpowered rollers 29 are transversely arranged in parallel in the front and back direction in the frame structure; the upper end of the frame 28 is transversely provided with a driven shaft roller 27, the lower end of the frame 28 is transversely provided with a driving shaft roller 30, and the driving shaft roller 30 is parallel to the driven shaft roller 27; a tensioning mechanism 16 is arranged on a side frame at the upper end of the frame 28, and the toothed belt mechanism 14 is tensioned by adjusting the distance between the driven shaft roller 27 and the driving shaft roller 30;
as shown in fig. 3 and 5, the toothed belt mechanism 14 comprises a material poking belt 20, a toothed seat 26, a cutter tooth 15 and a nail tooth 19, the material poking belt 20 is installed around a driving shaft roller 30 and a driven shaft roller 27 and is supported by an unpowered roller 29, and the tightness of the material poking belt 20 is adjusted by a tensioning mechanism 16; a plurality of tooth holders 26 are transversely fixed on the material shifting belt 20 in parallel, and the tooth holders 26 are arranged at a certain distance from each other; the cutter teeth 15 and the nail teeth 19 are uniformly arranged on the tooth holder 26, and the tooth holder 26, the cutter teeth 15 and the nail teeth 19 synchronously rotate along with the material shifting belt 20; in the embodiment, the cutter teeth 15 and the nail teeth 19 are uniformly and alternately arranged, so that the force balance of the material shifting belt 20 is facilitated, and the deviation phenomenon is avoided;
as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the angle adjusting mechanism 13 is mounted at the upper part of the side wall of the carriage, and is connected to the frame 28, so that the frame 28 rotates around the driving shaft roller 30 by a certain angle, and in this embodiment, the angle adjusting mechanism 13 adjusts the angle of the bale removing and spreading device 9 by 0 ° to 20 °; the discharge port height adjusting mechanism 10 is arranged at the lower part of a column 21 at the rear part of the carriage 18 and is connected with a rack 28, so that the unpacking and spreading device 9 can move up and down relative to the conveying and stirring device 8, and the height of the discharge port 31 is adjusted; the blocking comb 32 is transversely arranged below the inner part of the carriage back wall 22, and the comb teeth of the blocking comb 32 are matched with the movement tracks of the cutter teeth 15 and the nail teeth 19 in a staggered manner.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the self-unbinding orchard straw covering machine is characterized in that a single group or multiple groups of conveying and material stirring devices 8 are arranged at the bottom of a carriage 18 side by side, and in this embodiment, two groups of conveying and material stirring devices 8 are provided; the conveying and material-shifting device 8 feeds materials backwards under the driving of the material-shifting transmission device 7; the bundle removing and spreading device 9 is driven by the bundle removing and spreading transmission device 6 to remove bundles and shift materials downwards; the rotating speeds of the material shifting transmission device 7 and the bundle removing and spreading transmission device 6 are independently adjustable.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the self-unbinding orchard straw covering machine is characterized in that the angle of the unbinding and spreading device 9 and the height of the discharge port 31 can be independently adjusted, and the height of the discharge port 31 in the embodiment is adjusted within a range of 5cm to 10 cm.
The orchard straw covering machine capable of automatically unbinding bundles is characterized in that the covering machine is suitable for bundled straws, loose materials and mixed materials thereof and is used for covering orchard lines or improving soil quality of farmlands, deserts and barren lands.
Further explain the utility model relates to a carriage chain slat type feeding mechanism's theory of operation:
after materials are loaded in a covering locomotive compartment, mechanical parameters of a conveying material stirring device and a bale breaking and spreading device are adjusted according to the driving speed of a covering locomotive and the straw covering thickness requirement of an orchard, wherein the angle of the bale breaking and spreading device is adjusted to 0-20 degrees through an angle adjusting mechanism, the height of a discharge port is adjusted to 5-10 cm through a discharge port height adjusting mechanism, and the conveying material stirring device and the bale breaking and spreading device are adjusted to reasonable operation speed through a speed adjusting valve;
the covering machine walks at a constant speed along the center line between rows of the orchard, the conveying and material shifting device feeds materials backwards under the driving of the material shifting transmission device, and the bundle removing and material spreading device removes bundles and dials materials downwards under the driving of the bundle removing and material spreading transmission device; the bale breaking and spreading device is provided with a plurality of rows of nail teeth or cutter teeth, comb brushes, impacts, shears and scrapes straw bales, the straws are stirred downwards and are thrown out from a discharge port and spread among orchard lines; the binding rope of the straw bundle is cut off by the cutter teeth in a sliding way and is thrown out through the discharge port; in order to prevent the binding ropes and the straws from winding the spike teeth or the knife teeth, the bale breaking and spreading device is provided with a baffle comb which is matched with the spike teeth or the knife teeth to cut off the wound binding ropes or the straws; for loose materials, the conveying and stirring device scrapes and stirs the loose materials to the rear part of the carriage, and the unbundling and spreading device is provided with a plurality of rows of combing, impacting, shearing and scraping functions of nail teeth or knife teeth to realize quantitative material discharging and spreading; when bundled straws and loose materials are mixed, when the bundled straws and the loose materials are unpacked and spread, the bundled straws and the loose materials are mixed at the same time under the actions of combing, impacting, shearing and scraping of a plurality of rows of nail teeth or knife teeth arranged on the bundled and spread device, so that the quantitative spreading and distributing are realized.
The spraying device arranged above the discharge port of the carriage sprays the medicament while the material is thrown out of the discharge port under the driving of the medicine pump, and the spraying amount can be adjusted by the spraying device, so that the medicament is mixed with the spread material and is added into the covering layer.
Claims (3)
1. A self-unbinding orchard straw covering machine is characterized in that a frame (4) is fixed above a crawler chassis (3), a cab (1), an engine (24), a speed changing box (2) and a hydraulic pump (23) are installed in front of the frame (4), a carriage (18) is installed behind the upper portion of the frame (4), and the bottom of the rear end of the carriage (18) is hinged with the frame (4); at least one hydraulic tilting cylinder (5) is arranged on a cross beam of the frame (4), the lower end of the hydraulic tilting cylinder is hinged with the frame (4), and the upper end of the hydraulic tilting cylinder is hinged with the bottom of the carriage (18);
at least one group of conveying and material-shifting devices (8) are arranged on the inner bottom surface of the carriage (18), and a material-shifting transmission device (7) is arranged on the outer bottom surface of the carriage (18); a bale breaking and spreading device (9) is transversely arranged at the discharge end at the rear part of the carriage (18), and a bale breaking and spreading transmission device (6) is arranged at the lateral rear part outside the carriage (18); the conveying and stirring device (8) and the bale breaking and spreading device (9) are crossed at the bottom space of the discharge end at the rear part of the carriage (18) to form a discharge port (31), and the height of the discharge port (31) is adjustable; the conveying and stirring device (8) and the bale breaking and spreading device (9) are spatially crossed to form an included angle; the covering machine is provided with a chemical box (17) and a chemical pump (12), the spraying device (11) is arranged at the rear part outside the carriage (18), and the position of the spraying device (11) is higher than the discharge hole (31); the chemical box (17) is connected with the spraying device (11) through a pipeline (25) by a chemical pump (12);
the bale breaking and spreading device (9) comprises a rack (28), a driving shaft roller (30), a driven shaft roller (27), a tensioning mechanism (16), a toothed belt mechanism (14), an angle adjusting mechanism (13), a discharge port height adjusting mechanism (10) and a blocking comb (32);
the frame (28) is welded by section steel to form a square frame structure, and is perpendicular to the side wall of the carriage (18) and arranged at the rear part in the carriage; a plurality of rows of unpowered rollers (29) are transversely arranged in parallel in the front and back direction in the frame structure; the upper end of the rack (28) is transversely provided with a driven shaft roller (27), the lower end of the rack (28) is transversely provided with a driving shaft roller (30), and the driving shaft roller (30) is parallel to the driven shaft roller (27); a tensioning mechanism (16) is arranged on a side frame at the upper end of the rack (28), and the toothed belt mechanism (14) is tensioned by adjusting the distance between the driven shaft roller (27) and the driving shaft roller (30);
the toothed belt mechanism (14) comprises a material shifting belt (20), a toothed seat (26), cutter teeth (15) and spike teeth (19), the material shifting belt (20) is arranged around a driving shaft roller (30) and a driven shaft roller (27) and is supported by an unpowered roller (29), and the tightness of the material shifting belt (20) is adjusted by a tensioning mechanism (16); a plurality of tooth holders (26) are transversely fixed on the material shifting belt (20) in parallel, and the tooth holders (26) are arranged at a certain distance from the tooth holders (26); the cutter teeth (15) and the spike teeth (19) are uniformly arranged on the tooth holder (26), and the tooth holder (26), the cutter teeth (15) and the spike teeth (19) synchronously rotate along with the material stirring belt (20);
the angle adjusting mechanism (13) is arranged on the upper part of the side wall of the carriage and connected with the rack (28), so that the rack (28) rotates for a certain angle around the driving shaft roller (30); the discharge port height adjusting mechanism (10) is arranged at the lower part of a post (21) at the rear part of the carriage (18) and is connected with the rack (28), so that the bundle removing and spreading device (9) can move up and down relative to the conveying and stirring device (8), and the height of the discharge port (31) is adjusted; the blocking comb (32) is transversely arranged at the lower part inside the carriage rear wall (22), and the comb teeth of the blocking comb (32) are matched with the movement tracks of the cutter teeth (15) and the nail teeth (19) in a staggered manner.
2. A self-unbundling orchard straw covering machine according to claim 1, characterised in that the conveying kickoff (8) is mounted at the bottom of a single or multiple groups of carriages (18) side by side; the conveying and material-shifting device (8) feeds materials backwards under the driving of the material-shifting transmission device (7); the unpacking and spreading device (9) is driven by the unpacking and spreading transmission device (6) to unpack and shift materials downwards; the rotating speeds of the material shifting transmission device (7) and the bundle removing and spreading transmission device (6) are independently adjustable.
3. A self-unpacking orchard straw covering machine according to claim 1, characterised in that the angle of the unpacking spreading device (9) and the height of the discharge opening (31) are independently adjustable.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201822055446.0U CN210226133U (en) | 2018-12-08 | 2018-12-08 | Orchard straw covering machine capable of automatically unbinding bundles |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201822055446.0U CN210226133U (en) | 2018-12-08 | 2018-12-08 | Orchard straw covering machine capable of automatically unbinding bundles |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN210226133U true CN210226133U (en) | 2020-04-03 |
Family
ID=69961926
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201822055446.0U Withdrawn - After Issue CN210226133U (en) | 2018-12-08 | 2018-12-08 | Orchard straw covering machine capable of automatically unbinding bundles |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN210226133U (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109287179A (en) * | 2018-12-08 | 2019-02-01 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of Jie Gan Xie Bales stone method and orchard straw covering machine |
-
2018
- 2018-12-08 CN CN201822055446.0U patent/CN210226133U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109287179A (en) * | 2018-12-08 | 2019-02-01 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of Jie Gan Xie Bales stone method and orchard straw covering machine |
| CN109287179B (en) * | 2018-12-08 | 2023-10-31 | 西北农林科技大学 | Straw unbinding and spreading method and orchard straw covering machine |
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