CN214902223U

CN214902223U - Orchard tree disk straw covering machine

Info

Publication number: CN214902223U
Application number: CN202121389765.0U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 朱新华; 肖佩江; 张志毅; 魏玉强; 赵怀松; 李洪春
Original assignee: Northwest A&F University
Current assignee: Northwest A&F University
Priority date: 2021-06-22
Filing date: 2021-06-22
Publication date: 2021-11-30
Anticipated expiration: 2031-06-22

Abstract

The utility model discloses an orchard tree tray straw covering machine belongs to orchard machinery technical field. A straw covering machine for orchard tree disks is used for continuously, uniformly and quantitatively spreading straws on the surface of a fruit tree disk, and mainly comprises a vehicle body, a carriage, a conveying and material shifting device, a bundle breaking device, a hanging device, a material distributing plate and a spreading device; the conveying and stirring device is horizontally arranged at the bottom of the carriage, the bundle breaking device is vertically arranged at the rear part inside the carriage, and the spreading device is arranged below the rear part outside the carriage. The conveying and stirring device, the bundle breaking device and the spreading device are all driven by respective power sources. The disclosed orchard tree tray straw covering machine is suitable for the technical field of agricultural machinery, is particularly suitable for the field of orchard tree tray straw mechanized covering operation, is beneficial to uniformly covering scattered straws on the surface area of an orchard tree tray, reduces the organic fertilizer covering cost and promotes the scale utilization of the straws.

Description

Orchard tree disk straw covering machine

Technical Field

The utility model discloses an orchard tree tray straw covering machine relates to agricultural machine technical field, is particularly suitable for orchard fertilizer mechanized field of broadcasting.

Background

In recent years, with the development of national economy, people have increasingly high requirements for high-quality life. The fruit industry in China develops rapidly, the planting area of apples reaches the first world, but compared with developed countries, the apple industry in China is large and not strong, the product quality is low, and the industrial benefit is not high. One important reason is that orchards are barren in soil and poor in organic matter. The problem of soil water shortage in arid, semiarid and seasonal water shortage areas is a bottleneck problem which restricts fruit industry development, and particularly in northwest arid areas of China, soil moisture conservation and water conservation of orchards and improvement of organic matter content become key points of orchard management. Barren soil severely restricts the quality and output of fruit industry in China.

Aiming at the problems of water shortage, low organic matter content, barren soil and the like of orchards in arid regions in China, experimental research is carried out on aspects such as cultivation modes, fertilizer and water management, soil management and the like in various regions, and an orchard ground surface straw layering covering method is provided, namely a soil management method that organic matter materials such as common crop straws are used for covering the orchard ground surface, and a layer of thin soil is covered on a straw covering layer. The technology not only can keep soil moisture, protect soil structure and increase soil microorganism diversity, but also can play a role in adjusting ground temperature and inhibiting weeds. As the straws are organic matters and contain a certain amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, the organic matter content in the soil can be effectively improved and the ratio of common elements can be increased along with the decomposition of the straws after the straws are covered. The surface of the straw is covered with soil, so that the hidden danger of fire caused by covering the straw in the orchard can be effectively avoided, and meanwhile, the degradation speed of the straw can be adjusted by proper amount of the covered soil. The straw is used for layered covering of the orchard ground surface, on one hand, efficient utilization of the straw can be promoted, on the other hand, orchard soil can be effectively improved, and therefore quality and yield of apples are improved.

At present, the existing orchard straw covering method and equipment can only realize the covering of partial earth surface of an orchard. According to the method for breaking bundles and spreading straws and the orchard straw covering machine disclosed by the patent CN109287179A, only the inter-row straw covering of an orchard can be realized. In the dwarf apple orchard vigorously popularized in northwest arid areas in China, the row spacing of fruit trees is 3.5-4.5 m, and the extension radius of mature fruit branches is 0.8-1 m, so that the row spacing for operating vehicles to pass in the orchard is only 2-2.5 m, and the covered row spacing cannot exceed the width of the operating vehicles. The straw coverage can not be realized in the tree disk ground surface area which takes the trunk of the fruit tree in the same row as the central line and the width as the strip-shaped area within the vertical projection of the crown. In view of agriculture, the root hairs of the tree roots absorb nutrient substances, the root hairs of the fruit trees are often distributed at the boundary of the coverage range of the tree crowns, and mechanical coverage of the orchard tree discs with straws not only can obviously increase the straw coverage area of the orchard ground surface, but also can more effectively play a role in layered coverage of the orchard straws. Therefore, researching the orchard tree-plate straw mechanized covering technology and developing the orchard tree-plate straw covering machine are the key for playing the orchard straw covering technology, are also important ways for realizing the efficient utilization of straw resources in the fruit industry, and are important guarantees for improving the water content and organic matter content of orchard soil and improving the orchard yield and fruit quality.

In order to solve the problem, the utility model discloses an orchard tree disk straw covering machine, with the straw breakage of different loading forms or broken bundle back, make loose straw continuous, even cover in fruit tree disk earth's surface region. The problem that the existing orchard straw covering equipment cannot cover the ground surface of the tree tray can be solved, and the application of the straw covering technology in an orchard is further perfected. The water conservation and the soil moisture conservation of the orchard are realized, the organic matter content of the soil is increased, weeds are inhibited, the ground temperature is kept, the operation cost is reduced, the operation quality is improved, and the yield and the fruit quality of the orchard are improved.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims at: the orchard tree tray straw covering machine can realize mechanization and standardization of orchard tree tray covering operation, promote popularization and application of orchard tree tray covering technology, reduce orchard tree tray straw covering cost, improve orchard soil, promote large-scale efficient utilization of orchard peripheral straw, and promote income increase of farmers and agricultural efficiency increase.

The utility model discloses the technical problem who solves: (1) how to construct the orchard tree disk straw covering machine to realize orchard tree disk straw covering (2) how to construct the orchard tree disk straw covering machine to realize that a layer of thin soil is synchronously coated on the straw covering layer.

In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model provides a following technical scheme:

the utility model provides an orchard tree plate straw covering machine which characterized in that contains automobile body 1 at least, railway carriage 2, carries kickoff 3, broken bundle device 4, divides flitch 5, stone device 6, hooking device 7, and conveyor level arranges in railway carriage 2 bottom to intersect at the bottom space at railway carriage 2 rear portion with broken bundle device 4 of arranging at railway carriage 2 rear portion perpendicularly, form discharge gate 8, the adjustment of adjustment discharge gate 8 size, carry kickoff 3 and broken bundle device 4 rotational speed realization straw coverage in coordination.

The hitch 7 is a parallelogram linkage, which is arranged below the rear part of the car body 1 and is cooperatively connected with the wire rope 50 and the lifting and lowering spreader 6.

The material distributing plate 5 is obliquely arranged below the rear part of the carriage 2, the upper end of the material distributing plate is hinged below a discharge port 8 at the rear part of the carriage 2, the lower end edge of the material distributing plate is positioned above the material spreading device 6, and the material distributing plate 5 conveys the crushed or bundled straws from the carriage 2 to the material spreading device 6.

The spreading device 6 is transversely and horizontally arranged at the rear part of the hanging device 7, and below the discharge hole 8, the spreading device at least comprises a main body frame 9, a fixed frame 10, a left spreading unit 11, a right spreading unit 12, a double-acting hydraulic cylinder 13 and a traveling device 14, wherein the left spreading unit 11 and the right spreading unit 12 are transversely sliding structures, the structures of the left spreading unit and the right spreading unit are the same, the left spreading unit and the right spreading unit are symmetrically arranged based on the longitudinal central plane of the spreading device 6, and the left spreading unit and the right spreading unit are at least composed of a moving frame 15, a conveying mechanism 16, a pressing mechanism 17, elastic blocking teeth 18, an arc-shaped guide plate 19, a hydraulic motor 20 and a soil covering mechanism 21.

The main body frame 9, the fixed frame 10 and the movable frame 15 are all frame structures fixedly connected by square steel, the main body frame 9 at least comprises a front frame 22, a rear frame 23 and a bottom frame 24, the bottom frame 24 is transversely and horizontally arranged at the rear part of the carriage 2, the front frame 22 is vertically and fixedly connected at the front part of the bottom frame 24, the rear frame 23 is vertically and fixedly connected at the rear part of the bottom frame 24, and the front frame 22 is connected with the rear part of the carriage 2 through a hanging device 7; the bottom frame 24 is fixedly connected with a boss 25 at the transverse middle position, the upper surface of the boss 25 is higher than the upper surface of the bottom frame 24, and two parallel grooves 26 are transversely arranged on the upper surface of the bottom frame 24 at the front side and the rear side of the boss 25.

The fixed rack 10 is in an H-shaped structure, is horizontally arranged above the bottom rack 24 in the transverse direction and at least comprises a cross beam I27, a cross beam II 28 and a longitudinal beam 29, the longitudinal beam 29 of the fixed rack 10 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of a boss 25 of the bottom rack 24, and a certain gap is reserved between the lower surfaces of the cross beam I27 and the cross beam II 28 and the upper surface of the bottom rack 24.

The movable frame 15 is a rectangular frame with one unsealed end, two rows of material baffle plates 30 are respectively arranged on the front and the back of the upper part of the movable frame 15, the movable frame 15 is nested and matched with a beam I27 and a beam II 28 of the fixed frame 10, two parallel slide rails are transversely arranged on the lower surface of the movable frame 15 and are constantly nested in a groove 26 of the bottom frame 24, under the telescopic action of a double-acting hydraulic cylinder 13 horizontally arranged at the lower part of the rear frame 23, the guide rail slides transversely in the groove 26, the left spreading unit 11 and the right spreading unit 12 realize transverse sliding, and during bilateral operation, the left spreading unit 11 and the right spreading unit 12 extend outwards transversely to adapt to different orchard row spacings, and during unilateral operation, the left and

right paving units

11, 12 are in retracted extreme positions and the relative position of the work vehicle to the tree row 52 is adjusted to accommodate different orchard row spacings.

The walking device 14 at least comprises a connecting frame 31 and a depth wheel 32, the connecting frame 31 is fixedly connected with the front part of the moving frame 15, and the depth wheel 32 is fixedly connected with the connecting frame 31 and arranged in front of the outer side of the closed end of the moving frame 15.

The conveying mechanism 16 is a feeding mechanism arranged between two rows of baffle plates 30, power is provided by a hydraulic motor 20 which is arranged at the front part of the conveying mechanism 16 and is directly connected with the conveying mechanism, an arc-shaped guide plate 19 is arranged at one end of the conveying mechanism 16, which throws the straws to the tree row 52 through the arc-shaped guide plate 19.

The press mechanism 17 at least comprises a support frame I33, a support frame II 34, a connecting beam 35 and a press roller 36, wherein the support frame I33 and the support frame II 34 are of an L-shaped structure fixedly connected by square steel, the support frame I33 and the support frame II 34 are respectively fixedly connected at the front end and the rear end outside the closed end of the movable frame 15 and are bent over the conveying mechanism 16, the outer end surfaces of the support frame I33 and the support frame II 34 are respectively flush with the front end surface and the rear end surface of the movable frame 15, the press roller 36 is a non-powered roller, the two ends of the press roller are respectively connected with the support frame I33 and the support frame II 34, a certain gap is reserved between the two ends of the press roller and the upper surface of the conveying mechanism 16, the connecting beam 35 is a section of square steel which is arranged at the outer side of the press roller 36 in parallel, the two ends of the connecting beam are respectively connected with the support frame I33 and the support frame II 34, a plurality of elastic blocking teeth 18 which are bent towards the throwing direction of straws are arranged at certain intervals on the lower surface of the connecting beam 35, and the press roller 36 enables the loose straws to be in closer contact with the conveying mechanism 16, the straw can reach an ideal throwing speed, and the compression roller 36 and the elastic baffle teeth 18 act together to tear the mutually wound straw, so that the influence on the straw covering quality caused by the mutual winding of the scattered straw is avoided.

The soil covering mechanism 21 at least comprises a soil throwing wheel 37, a transmission mechanism 38 and a power shaft 39, wherein the transmission mechanism 38 is arranged at the rear side end of the movable rack, one end of the power shaft 39 is connected with the transmission mechanism 38, and the other end of the power shaft 39 is connected with the soil throwing wheel 37; two soil throwing wheels 37 are used for ditching and taking out soil and throwing the soil to the tree row 52.

The soil throwing wheel 37 at least comprises a housing 53, a soil throwing disc 54, soil throwing blades 55 and a soil cutting knife 56, and the soil covering amount is adjusted by controlling the steel wire rope 50 and cooperatively controlling the height of the depth limiting wheel 32 so as to adjust the soil penetration depth of the soil throwing wheel 37.

The transmission mechanism 38 at least comprises a fixed frame I41, a fixed frame II 42, a sliding frame 43, a transmission shaft I44, a transmission shaft II 45, a bevel gear I46, a bevel gear II 47, a bevel gear III 48, a bevel gear IV 49 and a coupling 40, wherein the fixed frame I41 and the fixed frame II 42 are fixedly connected at the rear side end of the movable frame 15, the sliding frame 43 is a round rod with one end fixedly connected with a bearing seat, which is vertical to the horizontal plane and is connected with a fixed frame I41 in a sliding structure, a sliding frame 43 is connected with a power shaft 39 by a bearing seat, one end of a transmission shaft I44 is connected with the conveying mechanism 16 by a coupling 40, the other end is fixedly connected with a bevel gear I46, the fixed frame II 42 is connected with a transmission shaft II 45 which is arranged vertical to the horizontal plane, one end of the transmission shaft II 45 is fixedly connected with a bevel gear II 47, the other end of the power shaft is fixedly connected with a bevel gear III 48, a bevel gear II 47 is vertically meshed with a bevel gear I46, and the bevel gear III 48 is vertically meshed with a bevel gear IV 49 fixedly connected to the power shaft 39.

The transmission mechanism 38 realizes connection and driving of the soil covering mechanism 21 by the conveying mechanism 16, and enables the soil throwing wheels 37 and the hydraulic motors 21 to rotate in opposite directions, so that the soil throwing wheels 37 can synchronously realize soil covering in a following soil throwing mode, during bilateral operation, the hydraulic motors 20 of the left side spreading unit 11 and the right side spreading unit 12 are controlled to respectively rotate outwards, and the left side spreading unit 11 and the right side spreading unit 12 respectively throw straws outwards and synchronously drive the soil covering mechanism 21 to take soil locally to realize soil covering; during unilateral operation, the left spreading unit 11 and the right spreading unit 12 are adjusted to be at the retraction limit positions, the sliding frame 43 of the left spreading unit 11 is lifted to drive the soil covering mechanism 21 to be separated from the ground by a certain height, the side bevel gear II 47 is disengaged from the bevel gear I46, the bevel gear III 48 is disengaged from the bevel gear IV 49, the hydraulic motors 20 of the left spreading unit 11 and the right spreading unit 12 are controlled to rotate towards the right in the same direction, the left spreading unit 11 and the right spreading unit 12 throw straws towards the right together, the soil covering mechanism 21 on the right side fetches soil on site and realizes soil covering synchronously, so that right operation is realized, and on the contrary, left operation is realized.

The material distributing plate 5 is of an M-like structure, and the material distributing plate 5 divides the straws discharged from the discharge port 8 into two parts and conveys the straws to the left material paving unit 11 and the right material paving unit 12.

The arc-shaped guide plate 19 is a curved plate with gradually changed radian, one side of the arc-shaped guide plate 19 connected with the conveying mechanism 16 is straight, the other side of the arc-shaped guide plate is upwards warped from one end, and the gradually changed radian of the arc-shaped guide plate 19 enables the throwing distance of the simultaneously thrown straws to be gradually changed, so that the straws are uniformly covered in a strip-shaped area on the surface of the orchard tree tray.

The press roll 36 is a cylindrical roll, and has twice crisscross strengthening ribs that use the cylindrical helix as the generating line each other on its surface for reinforcing press roll 36 is to the dispersion effect of straw and avoid straw winding press roll 36.

A straw covering machine for orchard tree trays has the following working principle

A orchard tree disk straw cover can with the straw through broken bundle or broken back continuous, even cover at orchard tree disk earth's surface, form the strip of certain cover width and thickness to evenly cover the one deck soil crust on the straw overburden in step, concrete process and theory of operation express as follows:

the covering machine firstly adjusts the mechanical parameters of the conveying and stirring device, the bundle breaking device and the spreading device according to the driving speed of the covering machine and the requirements of mechanical covering thickness, width and covering uniformity of the orchard tree tray straws. Then loading covering materials into the compartment, enabling the covering machine to move at a constant speed along the orchard row, uniformly and continuously transmitting the covering materials in the compartment to the spreading device after crushing or bundling, continuously and uniformly spreading the covering materials to the earth surface of the orchard tree tray along two sides or one side of the vehicle moving direction by the spreading device to form a strip-shaped covering layer with a certain width and thickness, synchronously taking soil on site, and uniformly covering a layer of soil with a certain thickness on the covering layer.

The beneficial technical effects are as follows: the utility model discloses an orchard tree disk straw covering machine can scatter evenly and continuously to orchard tree disk earth's surface with covering material through broken or bundle back along vehicle advancing direction's two sides or unilateral, forms the banding overburden of certain width and thickness, gets soil on the spot in step and evenly covers the soil of the certain thickness of one deck on the overburden. The mechanized and standardized orchard tree plate covering operation is realized, the popularization and application of the orchard tree plate covering technology are promoted, the orchard tree plate straw covering cost is reduced, the orchard soil is improved, the large-scale efficient utilization of straws around the orchard is promoted, the income of farmers is increased, and the agricultural efficiency is increased.

Reference numerals:

1. the automatic feeding device comprises a vehicle body 2, a compartment 3, a conveying and stirring device 4, a bale breaking device 5, a material distributing plate 6, a spreading device 7, a hanging device 8, a discharge port 9, a main body frame 10, a fixed frame 11, a left spreading unit 12, a right spreading unit 13, a double-acting hydraulic cylinder 14, a traveling device 15, a moving frame 16, a conveying mechanism 17, a pressing mechanism 18, an elastic baffle tooth 19, an arc-shaped guide plate 20, a hydraulic motor 21, a soil covering mechanism 22, a front frame 23, a rear frame 24, a bottom frame 25, a boss 26, a groove 27, a beam I28, a beam II 29, a longitudinal beam 30, a material blocking plate 31, a connecting frame 32, a depth limiting wheel 33, a supporting frame I34, a supporting frame II 35, a connecting beam 36, a pressing roller 37, a soil throwing wheel 38, a transmission mechanism 39, a power shaft 40, a coupling 41, a fixing frame I42, a fixing frame II 43, a sliding frame 44 and a transmission shaft 44 I45, a transmission shaft II 46, a bevel gear I47, a bevel gear II 48, a bevel gear III 49, a bevel gear IV 50, a steel wire rope 51, a tree disc 52, a tree trunk 53, a housing 54, a soil throwing disc 55, a soil throwing blade 56 and a soil cutter.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an orchard tree-tray straw mulching machine;

FIG. 2 is a left side view of an orchard tree tray straw mulching machine;

FIG. 3 is a rear view of an orchard tree tray straw mulching machine;

FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of a spreading device of the orchard tree-tray straw covering machine;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the spreading device of the orchard tree tray straw covering machine in a retracted limit position;

FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of a spreading unit of the orchard tree tray straw covering machine;

FIG. 7 is a structure diagram of a main frame of the orchard tree-disk straw covering machine;

FIG. 8 is a structure diagram of a fixed frame of the orchard tree-tray straw covering machine;

FIG. 9 is a structural view of a walking device of the orchard tree-plate straw covering machine;

FIG. 10 is a structural view of a pressing mechanism of the orchard tree-plate straw covering machine;

FIG. 11 is a structural view of a soil covering mechanism of the orchard tree-plate straw covering machine;

FIG. 12 is a structure diagram of a soil throwing wheel of the orchard tree-plate straw mulching machine;

FIG. 13 is a structural view of a transmission mechanism of the orchard tree tray straw covering machine;

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a bilateral operation of the orchard tree-tray straw covering machine;

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a single-side operation of the orchard tree-tray straw mulching machine.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, an orchard tree tray straw covering machine is characterized by at least comprising a vehicle body 1, a vehicle box 2, a conveying and stirring device 3, a bundle breaking device 4, a material distributing plate 5, a spreading device 6 and a hanging device 7, wherein the conveying device is horizontally arranged at the bottom of the vehicle box 2 and is intersected with a bundle breaking device 4 vertically arranged at the rear part of the vehicle box 2 in the bottom space at the rear part of the vehicle box 2 to form a discharge port 8, and the size of the discharge port 8 and the rotating speeds of the conveying and stirring device 3 and the bundle breaking device 4 are cooperatively adjusted so as to adjust the straw covering amount.

As shown in fig. 2, the hitch 7 is a parallelogram linkage, which is arranged below the rear part of the vehicle body 1, and which is connected with a wire rope 50 together with the spreading device 6 for lifting and lowering.

As shown in fig. 2, the material distributing plate 5 is obliquely arranged below the rear part of the carriage 2, the upper end of the material distributing plate is hinged below the discharge port 8 at the rear part of the carriage 2, the lower end edge of the material distributing plate is positioned above the material spreading device 6, and the crushed or bundled straws are conveyed to the material spreading device 6 by the material distributing plate 5 from the carriage 2.

As shown in fig. 3, 4 and 6, the spreading device 6 is horizontally arranged at the rear part of the hitch 7, below the discharge port 8, and at least comprises a main body frame 9, a fixed frame 10, a left spreading unit 11, a right spreading unit 12, a double-acting hydraulic cylinder 13 and a traveling device 14, wherein the left spreading unit 11 and the right spreading unit 12 are in a horizontal sliding structure, and are symmetrically arranged based on the longitudinal central plane of the spreading device 6, and the structures of the two are the same, and the spreading device at least comprises a conveying device 15, a conveying mechanism 16, a pressing mechanism 17, an elastic blocking tooth 18, an arc-shaped guide plate 19, a hydraulic motor 20 and a soil covering mechanism 21.

As shown in fig. 1, 4 and 7, the main body frame 9, the fixed frame 10 and the movable frame 15 are all frame structures fixedly connected by square steel, the main body frame 9 at least comprises a front frame 22, a rear frame 23 and a bottom frame 24, the bottom frame 24 is horizontally and transversely arranged at the rear part of the compartment 2, the front frame 22 is vertically and fixedly connected at the front part of the bottom frame 24, the rear frame 23 is vertically and fixedly connected at the rear part of the bottom frame 24, and the front frame 22 is connected with the rear part of the compartment 2 through a hitch 7; the bottom frame 24 is fixedly connected with a boss 25 at the transverse middle position, the upper surface of the boss 25 is higher than the upper surface of the bottom frame 24, and two parallel grooves 26 are transversely arranged on the upper surface of the bottom frame 24 at the front side and the rear side of the boss 25.

As shown in fig. 4 and 8, the fixed frame 10 is an "H" shaped structure, and is horizontally arranged above the bottom frame 24, and includes at least a cross beam i 27, a cross beam ii 28, and a longitudinal beam 29, the longitudinal beam 29 of the fixed frame 10 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the boss 25 of the bottom frame 24, and a certain gap is left between the lower surfaces of the cross beam i 27 and the cross beam ii 28 and the upper surface of the bottom frame 24.

As shown in fig. 4 and 6, the movable frame 15 is a rectangular frame with an unclosed end, two rows of striker plates 30 are respectively installed in front and at back above the movable frame 15, two beams at the open end of the movable frame 15 are respectively nested and matched with the beam i 27 and the beam ii 28 of the fixed frame 10, two parallel slide rails are transversely arranged on the lower surface of the movable frame 15, the slide rails are constantly nested in the grooves 26 of the bottom frame 24, the guide rails transversely slide in the grooves 26 under the telescopic action of the double-acting hydraulic cylinders 13 transversely and horizontally installed at the lower part of the rear frame 23, and the left spreading unit 11 and the right spreading unit 12 realize transverse sliding.

As shown in fig. 14 and 15, during bilateral operation, the left-side spreading unit 11 and the right-side spreading unit 12 laterally extend outwards to adapt to different orchard row spacings, and during unilateral operation, the left-side spreading unit 11 and the right-side spreading unit 12 are in the retracted limit positions, and the relative positions of the operation vehicle and the tree rows 52 are adjusted to adapt to different orchard row spacings.

As shown in fig. 6 and 9, the walking device 14 at least comprises a connecting frame 31 and a depth wheel 32, the connecting frame 31 is fixedly connected to the front part of the movable frame 15, and the depth wheel 32 is fixedly connected to the connecting frame 31 and arranged in front of the outer side of the closed end of the movable frame 15.

As shown in fig. 6, the conveying mechanism 16 is a feeding mechanism arranged between two rows of the baffle plates 30, the hydraulic motor 20 arranged at the front part of the conveying mechanism 16 and connected with the conveying mechanism in series is used for providing power, an arc-shaped guide plate 19 is arranged at one end of the conveying mechanism 16, which throws the straws, and the straws are thrown to a tree row 52 through the arc-shaped guide plate 19.

As shown in fig. 10, the pressing mechanism 17 at least includes a support frame i 33, a support frame ii 34, a connecting beam 35 and a pressing roller 36, the support frame i 33 and the support frame ii 34 are of an L-shaped structure fixedly connected by square steel, the support frame i 33 and the support frame ii 34 are respectively fixedly connected to the front and rear ends of the outer portion of the closed end of the movable frame 15 and bent over the conveying mechanism 16, the outer end surfaces thereof are respectively flush with the front and rear end surfaces of the movable frame 15, the pressing roller 36 is a non-powered roller, the two ends thereof are respectively connected with the support frame i 33 and the support frame ii 34, a certain gap is left between the two ends thereof and the upper surface of the conveying mechanism 16, the connecting beam 35 is a section of square steel arranged in parallel at the outer side of the pressing roller 36, the two ends thereof are respectively connected with the support frame i 33 and the support frame ii 34, the lower surface of the connecting beam 35 is provided with a plurality of elastic blocking teeth 18 bent towards the straw throwing direction at certain intervals, the pressing roller 36 makes the bulk straw contact with the conveying mechanism 16 more tightly, the straw can reach an ideal throwing speed, and the compression roller 36 and the elastic blocking teeth 18 act together to tear the mutually wound straw, so that the straw covering quality is prevented from being influenced by mutual entanglement of the straw.

As shown in fig. 11, the soil covering mechanism 21 at least comprises a soil throwing wheel 37, a transmission mechanism 38 and a power shaft 39, wherein the transmission mechanism 38 is installed at the rear side end of the movable frame, one end of the power shaft 39 is connected with the transmission mechanism 38, and the other end is connected with the soil throwing wheel 37; two soil throwing wheels 37 are used for ditching and taking out soil and throwing the soil to the tree row 52.

As shown in fig. 12, the soil throwing wheel 37 at least comprises a housing 53, a soil throwing disc 54, a soil throwing blade 55 and a soil cutting knife 56, and the soil covering amount is adjusted by controlling the steel wire rope (50) and cooperatively controlling the height of the depth limiting wheel 32 so as to adjust the soil penetration depth of the soil throwing wheel 37.

As shown in fig. 13, the transmission mechanism 38 at least includes a fixed frame i 41, a fixed frame ii 42, a sliding frame 43, a transmission shaft i 44, a transmission shaft ii 45, a bevel gear i 46, a bevel gear ii 47, a bevel gear iii 48, a bevel gear iv 49 and a coupling 40, the fixed frame i 41 and the fixed frame ii 42 are fixedly connected to the rear side end of the movable frame 15, the sliding frame 43 is a round bar with one end fixedly connected to a bearing seat, which is perpendicular to the horizontal plane and is connected with the fixed frame i 41 in a sliding structure, the sliding frame 43 is connected with the power shaft 39 through the bearing seat, one end of the transmission shaft i 44 is connected with the conveying mechanism 16 through the coupling 40, the other end is fixedly connected with the bevel gear i 46, the fixed frame ii 42 is connected with the transmission shaft ii 45 arranged perpendicular to the horizontal plane, one end of the transmission shaft ii 45 is fixedly connected with the bevel gear ii 47, the other end is fixedly connected with the bevel gear iii 48, the bevel gear ii 47 is vertically meshed with the bevel gear i 46, bevel gear III 48 vertically meshes with bevel gear IV 49 which is fixedly connected with power shaft 39.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the transmission mechanism 38 realizes connection and driving of the soil covering mechanism 21 by the conveying mechanism 16, and makes the rotation directions of the soil throwing wheels 37 and the hydraulic motors 21 opposite, so that the soil throwing wheels 37 can synchronously realize soil covering in a following soil throwing manner, during bilateral operation, the hydraulic motors 20 of the left spreading unit 11 and the right spreading unit 12 are controlled to respectively rotate outwards, and the left spreading unit 11 and the right spreading unit 12 respectively throw straws outwards and synchronously drive the soil covering mechanism 21 to locally take soil to realize soil covering; during unilateral operation, the left spreading unit 11 and the right spreading unit 12 are adjusted to be at the retraction limit positions, the sliding frame 43 of the left spreading unit 11 is lifted to drive the soil covering mechanism 21 to be separated from the ground by a certain height, the side bevel gear II 47 is disengaged from the bevel gear I46, the bevel gear III 48 is disengaged from the bevel gear IV 49, the hydraulic motors 20 of the left spreading unit 11 and the right spreading unit 12 are controlled to rotate towards the right in the same direction, the left spreading unit 11 and the right spreading unit 12 throw straws towards the right together, and the soil covering mechanism 21 on the right synchronously takes soil on site to realize soil covering, so that right operation is realized, and on the contrary, left operation is realized.

As shown in fig. 3, the orchard tree tray straw covering machine is characterized in that the material distribution plate 5 is of an M-like structure, and the material distribution plate 5 divides the straws discharged from the discharge port 8 into two parts and conveys the two parts to the left side spreading unit 11 and the right side spreading unit 12.

As shown in fig. 6, the orchard tree tray straw covering machine is characterized in that the arc guide plate 19 is a curved plate with gradually changed radian, one side of the arc guide plate 19 connected with the conveying mechanism 16 is straight, and the other side of the arc guide plate is upwards warped from one end, and the gradually changed radian of the arc guide plate 19 enables the throwing distance of the simultaneously thrown straws to gradually change, so that the straws are uniformly covered in a strip-shaped area on the surface of the orchard tree tray.

As shown in fig. 10, the orchard tree-plate straw covering machine is characterized in that the press roller 36 is a cylindrical roller, and two mutually staggered reinforcing ribs taking a cylindrical spiral line as a bus are arranged on the outer surface of the press roller for enhancing the dispersing effect of the press roller 36 on loose straws and preventing the straws from winding the press roller 36.

Further explain the utility model discloses an orchard tree tray straw covering machine's theory of operation:

a orchard tree plate straw covering machine evenly spread covering material in the tree plate earth's surface with the mode of mechanical operation along the fruit tree line, form the strip of certain cover width and thickness to borrow soil on the spot, evenly cover the one deck soil thinness in step on the straw overburden. The specific working process and principle are expressed as follows:

before an orchard tree tray straw covering machine carries out orchard tree tray straw covering operation, the spreading device is kept at a certain ground clearance and is in a retraction limit position, and the spreading device is in a minimum volume state, so that the covering machine can move on roads and on the ground of an orchard conveniently. When the orchard tree plate straw covering operation is started, the straw covering amount is controlled by adjusting the rotating speed of the conveying and material shifting device and the bundle breaking device and the size of the discharge port, the hydraulic motor is controlled to rotate, the hydraulic motor drives the conveying mechanism directly connected with the hydraulic motor to move, the soil throwing wheel of the soil covering mechanism is driven to rotate reversely through the transmission mechanism, then the distance between the spreading device and the tree row is controlled by the expansion of the double-acting hydraulic cylinder according to the actual row distance of the orchard, after the spreading device is lowered to a certain height above the ground by cooperatively controlling the hooking device and the steel wire rope, the depth of the soil throwing wheel is adjusted by cooperatively controlling the depth limiting wheel of the traveling device and the steel wire rope, and therefore the soil covering thickness is controlled. During bilateral operation, two ends of the double-acting hydraulic cylinder are controlled to extend out to enable the left spreading unit and the right spreading unit to respectively extend outwards and transversely, two hydraulic motors are controlled to respectively rotate outwards, the hydraulic motors drive the conveying mechanism to scatter covering materials outwards and synchronously drive the covering mechanism to cover soil outwards; during unilateral operation, two ends of a double-acting hydraulic cylinder are controlled to retract so that a left spreading unit and a right spreading unit are located at retraction limit positions, then the distance between a covering machine body and a tree row is adjusted, two hydraulic motors are controlled to rotate towards one side, the hydraulic motors drive a conveying mechanism to scatter covering materials towards one side and synchronously drive a side soil covering mechanism to cover soil towards the outer side, a sliding frame at the other side is controlled to lift upwards so as to drive a side soil covering mechanism connected with the sliding frame to keep a certain ground clearance during operation, and a bevel gear II of a side transmission mechanism is disengaged from a bevel gear I, a bevel gear III of the side transmission mechanism is disengaged from a bevel gear IV, so that the side soil covering mechanism cannot be driven to move. When the covering machine advances, covering materials are uniformly spread on the surface of the tree disc along the rows of the fruit trees to form strips with certain covering width and thickness, and the soil throwing wheels are used for taking soil on site and uniformly covering a layer of thin soil on the straw covering layer. When the tree disk straw covering operation is finished, the depth limiting wheel and the steel wire rope of the walking device are adjusted to enable the soil throwing wheel to lift off the ground, then the hydraulic motor is controlled to stop rotating, then the left side paving unit and the right side paving unit are retracted to the retraction limiting position, and finally the paving device is lifted until the appropriate height of the ground is reached.

Claims

1. A straw covering machine for orchard tree trays is characterized by at least comprising a vehicle body (1), a vehicle box (2), a conveying and stirring device (3), a bundle breaking device (4), a material distributing plate (5), a material spreading device (6) and a hanging device (7), wherein the conveying and stirring device (3) is horizontally arranged at the bottom of the vehicle box (2) and is intersected with a bottom space of the bundle breaking device (4) vertically arranged at the rear part of the vehicle box (2) to form a discharge port (8), and the size of the discharge port (8) and the rotating speed of the conveying and stirring device (3) and the bundle breaking device (4) are cooperatively adjusted to realize the adjustment of the straw covering amount;

the hanging device (7) is a parallel four-bar mechanism, is arranged below the rear part of the vehicle body (1), and is cooperatively connected with the steel wire rope (50) and used for lifting the spreading device (6);

the material distributing plate (5) is obliquely arranged below the rear part of the carriage (2), the upper end of the material distributing plate is hinged below a discharge port (8) at the rear part of the carriage (2), the lower end edge of the material distributing plate is positioned above the spreading device (6), and the crushed or bundled straws are conveyed to the spreading device (6) by the material distributing plate (5);

the material spreading device (6) is horizontally arranged at the rear part of the hanging device (7) and below the material outlet (8) and at least comprises a main body frame (9), a fixed frame (10), a left material spreading unit (11), a right material spreading unit (12), a double-acting hydraulic cylinder (13) and a traveling device (14), wherein the left material spreading unit (11) and the right material spreading unit (12) are of transverse sliding structures, the left material spreading unit and the right material spreading unit are of the same structure and are symmetrically arranged based on the longitudinal central plane of the material spreading device (6), and the material spreading device at least comprises a moving frame (15), a conveying mechanism (16), a pressing mechanism (17), elastic blocking teeth (18), an arc-shaped guide plate (19), a hydraulic motor (20) and an earthing mechanism (21);

the main body frame (9), the fixed frame (10) and the movable frame (15) are all frame structures fixedly connected by square steel, the main body frame (9) at least comprises a front frame (22), a rear frame (23) and a bottom frame (24), the bottom frame (24) is transversely and horizontally arranged at the rear part of the carriage (2), the front frame (22) is vertically fixedly connected at the front part of the bottom frame (24), the rear frame (23) is vertically fixedly connected at the rear part of the bottom frame (24), and the front frame (22) is connected with the rear part of the carriage (2) through a hanging device (7); a boss (25) is fixedly connected to the transverse middle position of the bottom rack (24), the upper surface of the boss (25) is higher than the upper surface of the bottom rack (24), and two parallel grooves (26) are transversely arranged on the upper surface of the bottom rack (24) on the front side and the rear side of the boss (25);

the fixed rack (10) is of an H-shaped structure, is transversely and horizontally arranged above the bottom rack (24) and at least comprises a cross beam I (27), a cross beam II (28) and a longitudinal beam (29), the longitudinal beam (29) of the fixed rack (10) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of a boss (25) of the bottom rack (24), and a certain gap is reserved between the lower surfaces of the cross beam I (27) and the cross beam II (28) and the upper surface of the bottom rack (24);

the movable frame (15) is a rectangular frame with one unsealed end, two rows of material baffle plates (30) are respectively arranged on the front and the back of the upper part of the movable frame (15), the movable frame (15) is nested and matched with a beam I (27) and a beam II (28) of the fixed frame (10), two parallel slide rails are transversely arranged on the lower surface of the movable frame (15), the slide rails are embedded in a groove (26) of the bottom frame (24) constantly, the guide rails transversely slide in the groove (26) under the telescopic action of a double-acting hydraulic cylinder (13) transversely and horizontally arranged at the lower part of the rear frame (23), the left side paving unit (11) and the right side paving unit (12) realize transverse sliding, during bilateral operation, the left side paving unit (11) and the right side paving unit (12) transversely extend outwards to adapt to different orchard row pitches, during unilateral operation, the left side paving unit (11) and the right side paving unit (12) are in limit retraction positions, adjusting the relative position of the work vehicle and the tree row (52) to accommodate different orchard row spacing;

the traveling device (14) at least comprises a connecting rack (31) and a depth wheel (32), the connecting rack (31) is fixedly connected to the front part of the movable frame (15), and the depth wheel (32) is fixedly connected with the connecting rack (31) and arranged in front of the outer side of the closed end of the movable frame (15);

the conveying mechanism (16) is a feeding mechanism arranged between two rows of material baffle plates (30), power is provided by a hydraulic motor (20) which is arranged at the front part of the conveying mechanism (16) and is directly connected with the conveying mechanism, an arc-shaped guide plate (19) is arranged at one end of the conveying mechanism (16) for throwing the straws, and the straws are thrown to the tree rows (52) through the arc-shaped guide plate (19);

the press mechanism (17) at least comprises a support frame I (33), a support frame II (34), a connecting beam (35) and a press roller (36), the support frame I (33) and the support frame II (34) are of an L-shaped structure fixedly connected by square steel, the support frame I (33) and the support frame II (34) are respectively fixedly connected at the front end and the rear end outside the closed end of the movable frame (15) and are bent over the conveying mechanism (16), the outer end surfaces of the two rollers are respectively flush with the front end surface and the rear end surface of the movable frame (15), the press roller (36) is a non-powered roller, the two ends of the connecting beam are respectively connected with a supporting frame I (33) and a supporting frame II (34) and have a certain gap with the upper surface of the conveying mechanism (16), the connecting beam (35) is a section of square steel which is arranged on the outer side of the press roller (36) in parallel, two ends of the connecting beam are respectively connected with a support frame I (33) and a support frame II (34), and a plurality of elastic baffle teeth (18) which bend towards the throwing direction of the straws are arranged on the lower surface of the connecting beam (35) at certain intervals;

the soil covering mechanism (21) at least comprises a soil throwing wheel (37), a transmission mechanism (38) and a power shaft (39), the transmission mechanism (38) is installed at the rear side end of the movable rack, one end of the power shaft (39) is connected with the transmission mechanism (38), and the other end of the power shaft (39) is connected with the soil throwing wheel (37); ditching and taking soil by the two soil throwing wheels (37), and throwing the soil to the tree rows (52);

the soil throwing wheel (37) at least comprises a housing (53), a soil throwing disc (54), a soil throwing blade (55) and a soil cutting knife (56), and the soil throwing wheel (37) is adjusted in the soil penetrating depth by controlling the steel wire rope (50) and cooperatively controlling the height of the depth limiting wheel (32) so as to realize the adjustment of the soil covering amount;

the transmission mechanism (38) at least comprises a fixed frame I (41), a fixed frame II (42), a sliding frame (43), a transmission shaft I (44), a transmission shaft II (45), a bevel gear I (46), a bevel gear II (47), a bevel gear III (48), a bevel gear IV (49) and a coupler (40), the fixed frame I (41) and the fixed frame II (42) are fixedly connected at the rear side end of the movable frame (15), the sliding frame (43) is a round rod with one end fixedly connected with the bottom of a bearing seat, is vertical to the horizontal plane and is connected with the fixed frame I (41) in a sliding structure, the sliding frame (43) is connected with a power shaft (39) through the bearing seat, one end of the transmission shaft I (44) is connected with the conveying mechanism (16) through the coupler (40), the other end of the transmission shaft I (46) is fixedly connected, the fixed frame II (42) is connected with the transmission shaft II (45) which is arranged vertical to the horizontal plane, one end of the transmission shaft II (45) is fixedly connected with the bevel gear II (47), the other end of the power shaft is fixedly connected with a bevel gear III (48), a bevel gear II (47) is vertically meshed with a bevel gear I (46), and the bevel gear III (48) is vertically meshed with a bevel gear IV (49) fixedly connected with a power shaft (39);

the transmission mechanism (38) realizes the connection and the drive of the conveying mechanism (16) to the soil covering mechanism (21); when the double-side operation is carried out, the hydraulic motors (20) of the left spreading unit (11) and the right spreading unit (12) are controlled to respectively rotate outwards, the left spreading unit (11) and the right spreading unit (12) are driven to respectively scatter the straws outwards and synchronously drive the soil covering mechanism (21) to take the soil on site to realize soil covering; during unilateral operation, the left spreading unit (11) and the right spreading unit (12) are adjusted to be at retraction limit positions, the sliding frame (43) of the left spreading unit (11) is lifted to drive the soil throwing wheel (37) of the soil covering mechanism (21) to be separated from the ground by a certain height, the side bevel gear II (47) is separated from the bevel gear I (46) and the bevel gear III (48) and the bevel gear IV (49) in a meshing mode, the hydraulic motors (20) of the left spreading unit (11) and the right spreading unit (12) are controlled to rotate towards the right in the same direction, the left spreading unit (11) and the right spreading unit (12) throw straws towards the right, the soil covering mechanism (21) on the right side synchronously fetches soil to achieve soil covering, and therefore right-side operation is achieved, and on-site operation is achieved otherwise.

2. An orchard tree plate straw covering machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material distribution plate (5) is of an M-like structure, and the material distribution plate (5) divides the straw discharged from the discharge port (8) into two parts and conveys the two parts to the left side spreading unit (11) and the right side spreading unit (12).

3. The orchard tree tray straw covering machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the arc-shaped guide plate (19) is a curved plate with gradually changed radian, one side of the arc-shaped guide plate (19) connected with the conveying mechanism (16) is straight, and the other side of the arc-shaped guide plate is upwards warped from one end.

4. An orchard tree straw covering machine according to claim 1, characterised in that the compacting roller (36) is a cylindrical roller with two mutually staggered reinforcing ribs with cylindrical helical lines as generatrices on its outer surface.