CN215991918U

CN215991918U - Orchard multi-mode fertilizer distributor

Info

Publication number: CN215991918U
Application number: CN202121390189.1U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 朱新华; 张志毅; 魏玉强; 肖佩江; 李洪春; 赵怀松
Original assignee: Northwest A&F University
Current assignee: Northwest A&F University
Priority date: 2021-06-22
Filing date: 2021-06-22
Publication date: 2022-03-11
Anticipated expiration: 2031-06-22

Abstract

A multi-mode organic fertilizer applicator for an orchard relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and is particularly suitable for the field of mechanized fertilization for the orchard. The fertilizer applicator can uniformly scatter agricultural organic fertilizers such as commercial organic fertilizers, bacterial residues, manure and the like among fruit trees, on the side of a tree row or in a pre-opened strip ditch, and can meet the requirements of single-side and double-side ditch fertilization, single-side and double-side strip-spread fertilization and single-side and double-side inter-plant fertilization of various row-spacing orchards. The fertilizer applicator mainly comprises a vehicle body, a hanging device, a material distributing plate and a fertilizer applying device; the fertilizer applying device is a main body part of the fertilizer applying machine, and organic fertilizers are uniformly scattered into a preset operation area of the orchard through the movable fertilizer applying units on the two sides of the fertilizer applying device. The orchard multi-mode organic fertilizer applicator disclosed by the utility model is suitable for mechanical fertilization operation of organic fertilizers in an orchard, is more favorable for meeting the requirement of uniform fertilization in various orchards with various row widths and various fertilization processes, and provides brand new equipment for fruit tree planting areas in China.

Description

Orchard multi-mode fertilizer distributor

Technical Field

The utility model discloses an orchard multi-mode organic fertilizer applicator, relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and is particularly suitable for the field of mechanized spreading of organic fertilizers in an orchard.

Background

In recent years, with the development of national economy, people have increasingly high requirements for high-quality life. As a necessity in daily life, the quality of fruits gradually becomes an increasingly concerned index. In order to improve the quality of fruits and lead the consumption trend of the market, fruit growers invest a large amount of fertilizer in an orchard every year to improve the soil fertility. In recent years, organic fertilizers are gradually replacing chemical fertilizers and become the first choice for fruit growers to fertilize. The application of the organic fertilizers such as compost, stable manure, mushroom dregs, green manure and the like in the orchard overcomes the problems of soil hardening and soil structure damage caused by the large application of the fertilizers, improves the organic matter content of soil, fruit setting rate and internal quality of the soil, and promotes the income increase and yield increase of farmers.

However, the organic fertilizer application of the existing orchard in China still adopts artificial fertilization as a main method: farmers transport the organic fertilizer to the orchard, and then use tools to distribute the organic fertilizer among fruit trees and rows. The investment of a large amount of labor cost forces fruit growers to seek technical innovation to complete the updating and upgrading of the fertilizer applicators, and the requirements of various fertilization processes of orchards are met. The orchard fertilizing machine in the prior art is viewed, and the machine for spreading the organic fertilizer is rarely reported; the fertilization uniformity of the existing organic fertilizer fertilization machinery is difficult to ensure, and a fertilization machine which integrates various processes of ditch fertilization, strip-spread fertilization, inter-plant fertilization and the like in an orchard and is simple and freely switched is difficult to realize; meanwhile, one fertilizer applicator is difficult to adapt to the fertilization requirements of various orchards with different row spacings, namely the universality requirement of fertilization of various orchards with organic fertilizers. For example, patent CN211509801U discloses an orchard organic fertilizer inter-plant spreader, which can satisfy a single type of fertilization process, and is difficult to adapt to orchard operation with multiple row spacing and multiple fertilization process requirements, and the uniformity of the width and thickness of the organic fertilizer after operation is difficult to ensure; still like a patent CN210226137U mentions a orchard fertilizer material strip machine, it can only realize the strip of fertilizer and spread the fertilization operation, and it has the conveying spiral and is easily blockked up and influence operation quality scheduling problem by the fertilizer.

Aiming at the problems, the utility model provides an orchard multi-mode organic fertilizer applicator which can meet various process requirements of single-side and double-side furrow fertilization, single-side and double-side strip paving fertilization, single-side and double-side inter-plant fertilization and the like of an orchard on the premise of ensuring the uniformity of organic fertilizer application; moreover, the method can meet the requirements of various row width fertilization operations according to the row width difference of the orchard, and provides a new technology and new equipment for orchard fertilization of fruit growers in China.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model discloses the following purposes: discloses an orchard multi-mode organic fertilizer applicator which can meet the process requirements of inter-plant broadcasting, strip furrow application and the like of various organic fertilizers such as commercial organic fertilizer, compost, mushroom dregs and the like; the existing fertilization mechanical structure is optimized; on the premise of ensuring the fertilization uniformity of the organic fertilizer, the requirements of various fertilization processes of orchards with different row widths are met, and a novel device is provided for orchard fertilization of fruit growers.

The technical problems to be solved by the utility model patent are as follows: on the premise of ensuring the fertilization uniformity of the organic fertilizer in the orchard, the organic fertilizer applicator in the orchard meets the requirements of various orchards with various row widths and various fertilization process requirements.

In order to solve the technical problems, the utility model provides the following technical scheme:

a multi-mode organic fertilizer applicator for an orchard is characterized by at least comprising an automobile body 1, a hanging device 7, a material distributing plate 5 and a fertilizer applying device 6; the vehicle body 1 at least comprises a compartment 2, a blanking device 3 and a blanking auxiliary device 4; the blanking device 3 is horizontally arranged at the bottom of the carriage 2; the auxiliary blanking device 4 is vertically arranged at the rear part of the carriage 2 and forms a discharge opening 8 with the blanking device 3.

The hanging device 7 is positioned below the rear part of the vehicle body 1 and is used for connecting and lifting the fertilizing device 6.

The material distributing plate 5 is obliquely arranged at the rear part of the carriage 2, one end of the material distributing plate is hinged below a discharge port 8 at the rear part of the carriage 2, the other end of the material distributing plate is arranged above the fertilizer applying device 6, and the organic fertilizer 33 is conveyed to the fertilizer applying device 6 from the carriage 2.

The fertilizer applying device 6 is horizontally arranged at the rear part of the hanging device 7 and below the discharge port 8, and at least comprises a frame 9, a fixed frame 11, a left fertilizer applying unit 10, a right fertilizer applying unit 12 and a hydraulic cylinder 13; the left fertilization unit 10 and the right fertilization unit 12 are of a horizontal movable fertilization structure, and the horizontal distance between the left fertilization unit 10 and the right fertilization unit 12 is adjusted according to the row width difference of different orchards, so that the organic fertilizer 33 is guaranteed to be applied to a preset operation area; the left fertilization unit 10 and the right fertilization unit 12 are symmetrically arranged on the basis of the longitudinal central plane of the fertilization device 6, have the same structure, and at least comprise a moving frame 20, a fertilizer conveying mechanism 17, a fertilizer blocking plate 14, a fertilizer blocking side plate 16, a fertilizer throwing plate 15, a hydraulic motor 18, a bearing seat 21 and a coupling 19; the power of the left fertilization unit 10 and the power of the right fertilization unit 12 are respectively provided by a hydraulic motor 18 arranged on the left fertilization unit and the right fertilization unit, the rotating speed of the hydraulic motor 18 is in stepless speed regulation, and different rotating speeds determine different speeds of the organic fertilizer 33.

The frame 9, the fixed frame 11 and the movable frame 20 are all of a frame structure formed by fixedly connecting square steel, and the movable frame 20 is nested on the fixed frame 11 and can relatively slide along the fixed frame 11; the rack 9 is of an L-like structure and at least comprises a rack front frame 23, a rack bottom frame 24 and a rack rear frame 26; the frame front frame 23 is connected with the rear part of the vehicle body 1 through the hanging device 7, the frame bottom frame 24 is fixedly connected with a boss 25 at the transverse middle position, and the upper surface of the boss 25 is higher than that of the frame bottom frame 24; two rows of grooves 27 are formed in the upper portion of the frame chassis 24 in parallel.

The fixing frame 11 is of an H-shaped structure, is horizontally arranged at the upper part of the frame underframe 24 in the transverse direction and at least comprises a cross beam I28, a longitudinal beam 29 and a cross beam II 30, the longitudinal beam 29 of the fixing frame 11 is fixedly connected with the frame 9 through a boss 25, and a gap is reserved between the lower surfaces of the cross beam I28 and the cross beam II 30 and the upper surface of the frame underframe 24; the transverse middle position of the upper surface of the fixed frame 11 is provided with a T-shaped transition plate 31, when the left fertilization unit 10 and the right fertilization unit 12 are close to the middle, the top surface of the T-shaped transition plate 31 is connected with the top surfaces of the left fertilization unit 10 and the right fertilization unit 12, but a gap is reserved, so that the middle fertilizer leakage phenomenon when the organic fertilizer 33 is conveyed in a single direction is avoided under the operation condition of the fertilizer conveying mechanisms 17 on the two sides.

The movable frame 20 is of a U-shaped structure, U-shaped openings of the movable frames 20 on two sides are transversely and oppositely arranged, the movable frames 20 on two sides and the fixed frame 11 are in nested fit through square steel of the U-shaped openings and the H-shaped openings, and under the telescopic action of hydraulic cylinders 13 transversely and horizontally arranged at the lower parts of the front frame 23 and the rear frame 26 of the frame, the left fertilization unit 10 and the right fertilization unit 12 realize transverse and relative movement; wherein, two guide rails 22 are respectively fixedly connected below the moving frames 20 at two sides in parallel, and the guide rails 22 are constantly positioned in grooves 27 on the chassis 24 of the machine frame; under the telescopic action of the hydraulic cylinder 13, the guide rail 22 transversely slides in the groove 27; two rows of fertilizer blocking side plates 16 are respectively arranged at the front and the back above the moving frames 20 at the two sides; a fertilizer conveying mechanism 17 is arranged between the two rows of the fertilizer blocking side plates 16, and the fertilizer conveying mechanism 17 finishes the transverse conveying operation of the organic fertilizer 33.

Fertilizer throwing plates 15 and fertilizer blocking plates 14 are transversely and sequentially arranged on the two sides of the fertilizer applying device 6 and at the fertilizer throwing position 33; the fertilizer throwing plate 15 changes the throwing angle of the organic fertilizer 33 to enable the organic fertilizer 33 to obtain different throwing speeds, and further improves the fertilizer throwing uniformity.

According to the operation requirement, the left fertilization unit 10 and the right fertilization unit 12 are respectively thrown to the outer side by controlling the steering of the hydraulic motors 18 at the two sides of the fertilization device 6, so that the bilateral operation is realized, including ditch fertilization, strip-spread fertilization and inter-plant fertilization; controlling hydraulic motors 18 on two sides of the fertilizing device 6 to rotate in the same direction, and enabling the left fertilizing unit 10 and the right fertilizing unit 12 to retract and fold through a hydraulic cylinder 13 to realize single-side operation, wherein the single-side operation comprises ditch fertilization, strip-spread fertilization and inter-plant fertilization; when inter-plant fertilization is carried out, the fertilizer blocking plates 14 at two sides of the fertilizer applying device 6 are disassembled; according to the different row spacing of the orchard, the hydraulic cylinder 13 is adjusted to stretch out and draw back, so that the left fertilization unit 10 and the right fertilization unit 12 stretch out to adapt to different fertilization furrow spacing or row spacing.

The inter-plant fertilization is that fertilizers are spread in the tree rows 32 by taking the fruit tree trunks as central lines to form strips with certain width and thickness, and the strips are inter-plant fertilization strips 37; the strip-spread fertilization refers to spreading the fertilizer into strips with certain width and thickness along the side edges of the tree rows 32, and the strips are strip-spread fertilization strips 36; the fertilizing to the ditch means that the fertilizer is spread in a fertilizing ditch which is opened in advance, and the ditch is a fertilizing to ditch 35.

The left fertilization unit 10 and the right fertilization unit 12 move transversely along the fixed frame 11 and the groove 27 synchronously under the telescopic action of the hydraulic cylinder 13, so that the requirements of orchards with different row widths for fertilization are met.

The material distributing plate 5 is of an M-like structure, and the material distributing plate 5 divides the organic fertilizer 33 discharged from the discharge port 8 into two parts and conveys the two parts to the left fertilization unit 10 and the right fertilization unit 12.

The fertilizer conveying mechanism 17 is an annular feeding mechanism for transversely conveying and scattering the organic fertilizer 33.

The refining plate 15-1 of the fertilizer throwing plate 15 is a curved surface with gradually changed radian, the inner edge 15-3 of the refining plate 15-1 connected with the fertilizer conveying mechanism 17 is straight, and the fertilizer outlet edge 15-2 is warped upwards from one end.

The organic fertilizer 33 does not exclude agricultural waste residues.

The utility model provides an orchard multi-mode fertilizer distributor which theory of operation as follows: the orchard multi-mode organic fertilizer applicator disclosed by the utility model can adapt to the requirements of orchard fertilization with various row spacings on the premise of ensuring the uniformity of the orchard organic fertilizer application, and meets the requirements of orchard on various fertilization processes such as furrow fertilization, strip-spread fertilization and inter-plant fertilization. The specific process and the working principle are expressed as follows:

when the fertilizer applicator works, the carriage is filled with the organic fertilizer in advance, and the fertilizer applicator is lifted, so that the ground clearance is a fixed working height. The hydraulic cylinder is controlled to stretch according to the actual row width of the orchard, so that the fertilizer applying units on the two sides can apply organic fertilizers to the space between fruit trees, the side edges of the rows of the trees or pre-opened grooves, and the requirement of a fertilizer applying process is met. The operation requirements of left-side fertilization, right-side fertilization and bilateral fertilization of the orchard are met by controlling the stretching of the hydraulic cylinder and the positive and negative operation of the hydraulic motors on the two sides. For example, when left-side fertilization is needed in an orchard, the hydraulic cylinder drives the fertilization units on the two sides to retract to the middle limit position; meanwhile, the oil inlet and outlet directions of the hydraulic motors on the two sides are regulated and controlled, so that the movement directions of the fertilizer conveying mechanisms on the two sides are consistent, and organic fertilizers are conveyed to the left side together; when the orchard needs bilateral fertilization, the hydraulic cylinders are controlled to extend out by corresponding lengths according to specific orchard line intervals, so that the fertilization units on the two sides are driven to extend out to a fixed operation area, and the oil inlet and outlet directions of the hydraulic motors on the two sides are regulated and controlled, so that the movement directions of the fertilizer conveying mechanisms on the two sides are opposite, and organic fertilizers are driven to be conveyed to the fixed areas on the two sides; the right side fertilization mechanism is substantially identical to the left side fertilization mechanism described above. After the fertilizer injection unit starts, unloader and unloading auxiliary device are opened again, and at this moment, the fertilizer in the railway carriage just through the even throwing of fertilizer injection unit in orchard predetermined area. When the inter-plant fertilization operation of the organic fertilizer in the orchard is carried out, the fertilizer blocking plates on the two sides of the fertilization device are dismantled, and the heights of the fertilizer throwing plates on the two sides are adjusted, so that the organic fertilizer is thrown to the two sides at different angles and uniformly covers the inter-plant fertilization operation of the orchard; when organic fertilizer strip spreading and fertilizing and ditch fertilizing operations are carried out in an orchard, the fertilizer blocking plates are installed and the transverse distance of the fertilizer blocking plates is adjusted, so that organic fertilizer discharged by the fertilizer conveying mechanism impacts the fertilizer blocking plates on two sides and then falls into the preset fertilizing areas on two sides, and strip spreading and ditch fertilizing operations are completed.

The beneficial technical effects are as follows:

the fertilizer applicator can meet the requirements of organic fertilizer application operation of various orchards with various row widths;

the requirements of various fertilization processes of single-side and double-side ditch fertilization, single-side and double-side strip spread fertilization, single-side and double-side inter-plant fertilization and the like in the orchard are met simultaneously, the fertilization efficiency is high, the device is flexible and adjustable, and multi-mode fertilization is realized;

and thirdly, the fertilizer application thickness of the organic fertilizer is consistent and the fertilizer application width uniformity is high under various fertilizer application processes.

Reference numerals: 1. the vehicle body 2, the compartment 3, the blanking device 4, the blanking auxiliary device 5, the material distribution plate 6, the fertilizer application device 7, the hanging device 8, the discharge opening 9, the frame 10, the left side fertilizer application unit 11, the fixed frame 12, the right side fertilizer application unit 13, the hydraulic cylinder 14, the fertilizer blocking plate 15, the fertilizer throwing plate 15-1, the uniform plate 15-2, the fertilizer discharging edge 15-3, the inner edge 16, the fertilizer blocking side plate 17, the fertilizer conveying mechanism 18, the hydraulic motor 19, the coupler 20, the movable frame 21, the bearing seat 22, the guide rail 23, the frame front frame 24, the frame bottom frame 25, the boss 26, the frame rear frame 27, the groove 28, the beam I29, the longitudinal beam 30, the beam II 31, the T-shaped transition plate 32, the tree row 33, the organic fertilizer 34, the soil 35, the fertilizer groove for applying the fertilizer in the ditch 36, the fertilizer applying strips 37 between plants.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a multi-mode organic fertilizer applicator for an orchard;

FIG. 2 is a side view of a multi-mode organic fertilizer applicator for an orchard;

FIG. 3 is a rear view of a multi-mode organic fertilizer applicator for an orchard;

FIG. 4 is a drawing structure of the two-side fertilizer unit extension of the orchard multi-mode organic fertilizer applicator;

FIG. 5 is a drawing of a drawing together structure of two side fertilizing units of the orchard multi-mode organic fertilizer applicator;

FIG. 6 is a left side fertilization unit structure diagram of an orchard multi-mode organic fertilizer applicator;

FIG. 7 is a frame structure diagram of a multi-mode organic fertilizer applicator for an orchard;

FIG. 8 is a structure diagram of a fixing frame of the orchard multi-mode organic fertilizer applicator;

FIG. 9 is a structure diagram of a movable frame of the orchard multi-mode organic fertilizer applicator;

FIG. 10 is a structure diagram of a fertilizer throwing plate scheme 1 of the orchard multi-mode organic fertilizer applicator;

FIG. 11 is a structure diagram of a fertilizer throwing plate scheme 2 of the orchard multi-mode organic fertilizer applicator;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a double-side to furrow fertilizing operation of the orchard multimode organic fertilizer applicator;

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a double-side strip-spread fertilization operation of the orchard multimode organic fertilizer applicator;

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of double-side inter-plant fertilization operation of the orchard multimode organic fertilizer applicator;

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of left-side furrow-to-furrow fertilizing operation of the orchard multi-mode organic fertilizer applicator;

fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of left side strip-spread fertilizer application operation of the orchard multi-mode organic fertilizer applicator;

fig. 17 is a left inter-plant fertilization operation schematic diagram of the orchard multi-mode organic fertilizer applicator.

Detailed Description

The specific implementation structure scheme of the orchard multi-mode organic fertilizer applicator is as follows:

as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the orchard multi-mode organic fertilizer applicator is characterized by at least comprising an applicator body 1, a hanging device 7, a material distributing plate 5 and a fertilizer applying device 6; the vehicle body 1 at least comprises a compartment 2, a blanking device 3 and a blanking auxiliary device 4; the blanking device 3 is horizontally arranged at the bottom of the carriage 2; the auxiliary blanking device 4 is vertically arranged at the rear part of the carriage 2 and forms a discharge opening 8 with the blanking device 3.

As shown in fig. 2, a hitch 7 is located below the rear of the body 1 for attaching and lifting the fertilizing apparatus 6.

As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the material distributing plate 5 is obliquely arranged at the rear part of the carriage 2, one end of the material distributing plate is hinged below the discharge opening 8 at the rear part of the carriage 2, and the other end of the material distributing plate is arranged above the fertilizer applying device 6, so that the organic fertilizer 33 is conveyed from the carriage 2 to the fertilizer applying device 6.

As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, the fertilizer applying device 6 is horizontally arranged at the rear part of the hanging device 7 and below the discharge opening 8, and at least comprises a frame 9, a fixed frame 11, a left fertilizer applying unit 10, a right fertilizer applying unit 12 and a hydraulic cylinder 13; the left fertilization unit 10 and the right fertilization unit 12 are of a horizontal movable fertilization structure, and the horizontal distance between the left fertilization unit 10 and the right fertilization unit 12 is adjusted according to the row width difference of different orchards, so that the organic fertilizer 33 is guaranteed to be applied to a preset operation area; the left fertilization unit 10 and the right fertilization unit 12 are symmetrically arranged on the basis of the longitudinal central plane of the fertilization device 6, have the same structure, and at least comprise a moving frame 20, a fertilizer conveying mechanism 17, a fertilizer blocking plate 14, a fertilizer blocking side plate 16, a fertilizer throwing plate 15, a hydraulic motor 18, a bearing seat 21 and a coupling 19; the power of the left fertilization unit 10 and the power of the right fertilization unit 12 are respectively provided by a hydraulic motor 18 arranged on the left fertilization unit and the right fertilization unit, the rotating speed of the hydraulic motor 18 is in stepless speed regulation, and different rotating speeds determine different speeds of the organic fertilizer 33.

As shown in fig. 7, 8 and 9, the frame 9, the fixed frame 11 and the movable frame 20 are all frame structures fixedly connected by square steel, and the movable frame 20 is nested on the fixed frame 11 and can relatively slide along the fixed frame 11; the rack 9 is of an L-like structure and at least comprises a rack front frame 23, a rack bottom frame 24 and a rack rear frame 26; the frame front frame 23 is connected with the rear part of the vehicle body 1 through the hanging device 7, the frame bottom frame 24 is fixedly connected with a boss 25 at the transverse middle position, and the upper surface of the boss 25 is higher than that of the frame bottom frame 24; two rows of grooves 27 are formed in the upper portion of the frame chassis 24 in parallel.

As shown in fig. 4, 5 and 8, the fixing frame 11 is an H-shaped structure, is horizontally arranged at the upper part of the frame underframe 24, and at least comprises a cross beam i 28, a longitudinal beam 29 and a cross beam ii 30, the longitudinal beam 29 of the fixing frame 11 is fixedly connected with the frame 9 through a boss 25, and a gap is reserved between the lower surfaces of the cross beam i 28 and the cross beam ii 30 and the upper surface of the frame underframe 24; the transverse middle position of the upper surface of the fixed frame 11 is provided with a T-shaped transition plate 31, when the left fertilization unit 10 and the right fertilization unit 12 are close to the middle, the top surface of the T-shaped transition plate 31 is connected with the top surfaces of the left fertilization unit 10 and the right fertilization unit 12, but a gap is reserved, so that the middle fertilizer leakage phenomenon when the organic fertilizer 33 is conveyed in a single direction is avoided under the operation condition of the fertilizer conveying mechanisms 17 on the two sides.

As shown in fig. 4, 6, 7, 8 and 9, the movable frame 20 is of a "U" shaped structure, the "U" shaped openings of the movable frames 20 on both sides are arranged oppositely along the transverse direction, and the movable frames 20 on both sides and the fixed frame 11 are nested and matched through square steel of the "U" shaped openings and the "H" shaped openings, and under the telescopic action of the hydraulic cylinders 13 horizontally arranged on the lower parts of the front frame 23 and the rear frame 26 of the frame, the left fertilization unit 10 and the right fertilization unit 12 realize the transverse relative movement; wherein, two guide rails 22 are respectively fixedly connected below the moving frames 20 at two sides in parallel, and the guide rails 22 are constantly positioned in grooves 27 on the chassis 24 of the machine frame; under the telescopic action of the hydraulic cylinder 13, the guide rail 22 transversely slides in the groove 27; two rows of fertilizer blocking side plates 16 are respectively arranged at the front and the back above the moving frames 20 at the two sides; a fertilizer conveying mechanism 17 is arranged between the two rows of the fertilizer blocking side plates 16, and the fertilizer conveying mechanism 17 finishes the transverse conveying operation of the organic fertilizer 33.

As shown in fig. 6, fertilizer throwing plates 15 and fertilizer blocking plates 14 are transversely and sequentially arranged on two sides of the fertilizer applying device 6 and at the fertilizer throwing position 33; the fertilizer throwing plate 15 changes the throwing angle of the organic fertilizer 33 to enable the organic fertilizer 33 to obtain different throwing speeds, so that the fertilizer throwing uniformity is improved; the fertilizer blocking plate 14 blocks the organic fertilizer 33 with a high throwing speed, so that the organic fertilizer 33 falls into a predetermined fertilizing area.

As shown in fig. 4, 5 and 6, according to the operation requirement, the left fertilization unit 10 and the right fertilization unit 12 are respectively thrown outwards by controlling the steering of the hydraulic motors 18 on the two sides of the fertilization device 6, so as to realize the bilateral operation, including ditch fertilization, strip-spread fertilization and inter-plant fertilization; controlling hydraulic motors 18 on two sides of the fertilizing device 6 to rotate in the same direction, and enabling the left fertilizing unit 10 and the right fertilizing unit 12 to retract and fold through a hydraulic cylinder 13 to realize single-side operation, wherein the single-side operation comprises ditch fertilization, strip-spread fertilization and inter-plant fertilization; when inter-plant fertilization is carried out, the fertilizer blocking plates 14 at two sides of the fertilizer applying device 6 are disassembled; according to the different row spacing of the orchard, the hydraulic cylinder 13 is adjusted to stretch out and draw back, so that the left fertilization unit 10 and the right fertilization unit 12 stretch out to adapt to different fertilization furrow spacing or row spacing.

A orchard multimode fertilizer distributor, its two side fertilization cases are as follows:

the double-side fertilization comprises double-side ditch fertilization, double-side strip-spread fertilization and double-side inter-plant fertilization.

As shown in fig. 12, the fertilizing for the ditch means spreading the fertilizer into the pre-opened fertilizing furrows, which are fertilizing furrows 35 for the ditch; at this time, the left fertilization unit 10 and the right fertilization unit 12 are moved to predetermined operation positions according to the actual line width of the orchard; by controlling the rotating speed and the rotating direction of the hydraulic motors 18 on the two sides, the left fertilization unit 10 and the right fertilization unit 12 simultaneously throw the organic fertilizer 33 to the two sides and enable the organic fertilizer to fall into the furrow for fertilizing 35; the rotation speed of the fertilizer feeding mechanism 17 in the left fertilization unit 10 and the right fertilization unit 12 is shown in fig. 12, wherein solid arrows indicate the rotation direction of the fertilizer feeding mechanism 17, and double-dashed arrows indicate the movable directions of the left fertilization unit 10 and the right fertilization unit 12 according to the difference of the specific line widths of the orchards.

As shown in fig. 13, the strip-spread fertilizer is applied by spreading the fertilizer along the side of the tree row 32 into strips of a certain width and thickness, which are strip-spread fertilizer strips 36; the direction of rotation of the fertilizer conveying mechanism 17 of the fertilizer applicator is the same as that of the fertilization to the furrows, and the left fertilizer unit 10 and the right fertilizer unit 12 can move left and right according to the difference of the specific line width of the orchard, and the moving direction of the left fertilizer unit and the right fertilizer unit is also the same as that of the fertilization to the furrows.

As shown in fig. 14, the inter-plant fertilization refers to spreading fertilizer into the tree row 32 with the trunk of the fruit tree as a central line to form a strip with a certain width and thickness, which is an inter-plant fertilization strip 37; the fertilizer conveying mechanism 17 of the fertilizer applicator turns the same as the fertilizer application to the furrows, and the left fertilizer application unit 10 and the right fertilizer application unit 12 can move left and right according to the difference of the specific line width of the orchard, and the moving direction of the left fertilizer application unit and the right fertilizer application unit is also the same as the fertilizer application direction to the furrows.

A multi-mode fertilizer applicator for orchards comprises the following single-side application cases:

the single-side fertilization comprises left-side fertilization and right-side fertilization, the fertilization mechanisms of the left-side fertilization and the right-side fertilization are consistent, and the left-side fertilization is taken as an example here.

As shown in fig. 15, 16 and 17, the left fertilization refers to spreading fertilizer in a predetermined area on the left side of the advancing direction of the fertilizer applicator, and comprises left ditch fertilization, left strip spread fertilization and left inter-plant fertilization; at this time, the fertilizer applicator is driven close to the left tree row 32, and the left and right

fertilizer application units

10 and 12 are in the retracted and gathered positions, and the directions of rotation are the same, as shown by the solid lines in the figure, and organic fertilizer 33 is jointly delivered to the left.

As shown in fig. 4, 6 and 7, the left fertilization unit 10 and the right fertilization unit 12 synchronously and transversely move along the fixed frame 11 and the groove 27 under the telescopic action of the hydraulic cylinder 13, so as to meet the requirements of orchard operation with different row widths.

As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the material distributing plate 5 is of an M-like structure, and the material distributing plate 5 divides the organic fertilizer 33 discharged from the discharge opening 8 into two parts and conveys the two parts to the left fertilization unit 10 and the right fertilization unit 12.

As shown in fig. 6, the fertilizer conveying mechanism 17 is an annular feeding mechanism for conveying and scattering the organic fertilizer 33 transversely, and in this embodiment, a chain plate type feeding mechanism is adopted, and a scraper type or conveyor type feeding mechanism can also be adopted.

As shown in fig. 10 and 11, two different embodiments of the fertilizer spreading plate 15 are provided; the refining plate 15-1 of the fertilizer throwing plate 15 is a curved surface with gradually changed radian, the inner edge 15-3 of the refining plate 15-1 connected with the fertilizer conveying mechanism 17 is straight, the fertilizer outlet edge 15-2 is warped upwards from one end, and the fertilizer throwing plate 15 improves the distribution uniformity of the surface organic fertilizer 33 after fertilizer throwing by changing the throwing speed and angle of the organic fertilizer 33.

The organic fertilizer 33 does not exclude agricultural waste residues.

Further explaining the working principle of the orchard multi-mode organic fertilizer applicator disclosed by the utility model patent: the orchard multi-mode organic fertilizer applicator disclosed by the utility model can adapt to the requirements of orchard fertilization with various row spacings on the premise of ensuring the uniformity of the orchard organic fertilizer application, and meets the requirements of orchard on various fertilization processes such as furrow fertilization, strip-spread fertilization and inter-plant fertilization. The specific process and the working principle are expressed as follows:

Claims

1. A multi-mode organic fertilizer applicator for an orchard is characterized by at least comprising an automobile body (1), a hanging device (7), a material distributing plate (5) and a fertilizer applying device (6); the vehicle body (1) at least comprises a compartment (2), a blanking device (3) and a blanking auxiliary device (4); the blanking device (3) is horizontally arranged at the bottom of the carriage (2); the blanking auxiliary device (4) is vertically arranged at the rear part of the carriage (2) and forms a discharge opening (8) with the blanking device (3);

the hanging device (7) is positioned below the rear part of the vehicle body (1) and is used for connecting and lifting the fertilizing device (6);

the material distributing plate (5) is obliquely arranged at the rear part of the carriage (2), one end of the material distributing plate is hinged below a discharge port (8) at the rear part of the carriage (2), the other end of the material distributing plate is built above the fertilizing device (6), and the organic fertilizer (33) is conveyed to the fertilizing device (6) from the carriage (2);

the fertilizer application device (6) is transversely and horizontally arranged at the rear part of the hanging device (7) and below the discharge port (8), and at least comprises a rack (9), a fixed frame (11), a left fertilizer application unit (10), a right fertilizer application unit (12) and a hydraulic cylinder (13); the left fertilization unit (10) and the right fertilization unit (12) are of a transverse movable fertilization structure and are symmetrically arranged based on the longitudinal central plane of the fertilization device (6), the structures of the fertilization structure and the fertilizer structure are the same, and the fertilization device at least comprises a movable frame (20), a fertilizer conveying mechanism (17), a fertilizer blocking plate (14), a fertilizer blocking side plate (16), a fertilizer throwing plate (15), a hydraulic motor (18), a bearing seat (21) and a coupler (19); the power of the left fertilization unit (10) and the right fertilization unit (12) is respectively provided by a hydraulic motor (18) arranged on the left fertilization unit and the right fertilization unit;

the rack (9), the fixed frame (11) and the movable frame (20) are all frame structures fixedly connected by square steel, the rack (9) is of an L-shaped structure and at least comprises a rack front frame (23), a rack bottom frame (24) and a rack rear frame (26); the front frame (23) of the frame is connected with the rear part of the vehicle body (1) through a hanging device (7), the frame bottom frame (24) is fixedly connected with a lug boss (25) at the transverse middle position, and the upper surface of the lug boss (25) is higher than that of the frame bottom frame (24); two rows of grooves (27) are formed in the upper part of the rack underframe (24) in parallel;

the fixing frame (11) is of an H-shaped structure, is horizontally arranged at the upper part of the rack underframe (24) in the transverse direction and at least comprises a cross beam I (28), a longitudinal beam (29) and a cross beam II (30), the longitudinal beam (29) of the fixing frame (11) is fixedly connected with the rack (9) through a boss (25), and a gap is reserved between the lower surfaces of the cross beam I (28) and the cross beam II (30) and the upper surface of the rack underframe (24); a T-shaped transition plate (31) is arranged in the transverse middle position of the upper surface of the fixed frame (11), and when the left fertilization unit (10) and the right fertilization unit (12) are close to the middle, the top surface of the T-shaped transition plate (31) is connected with the top surfaces of the left fertilization unit (10) and the right fertilization unit (12), but a gap is left;

the movable frame (20) is of a U-shaped structure, U-shaped openings of the movable frames (20) on two sides are transversely and oppositely arranged, the movable frames (20) on two sides and the fixed frame (11) are in nested fit through square steel of the U-shaped openings and the H-shaped openings, and under the telescopic action of hydraulic cylinders (13) transversely and horizontally arranged at the bottoms of the front frame (23) and the rear frame (26) of the rack, the left fertilization unit (10) and the right fertilization unit (12) realize transverse and relative movement; wherein two guide rails (22) are fixedly connected below the moving frames (20) at two sides in parallel respectively, and the guide rails (22) are constantly positioned in grooves (27) on the chassis (24) of the rack; under the telescopic action of the hydraulic cylinder (13), the guide rail (22) transversely slides in the groove (27); two rows of fertilizer blocking side plates (16) are respectively arranged on the upper parts of the two side moving frames (20) in front and back; a fertilizer conveying mechanism (17) is arranged between the two rows of fertilizer blocking side plates (16);

fertilizer throwing plates (15) and fertilizer blocking plates (14) are transversely and sequentially arranged on the two sides of the fertilizer applying device (6) and the fertilizer throwing positions (33);

according to the operation requirement, the turning of the hydraulic motors (18) at the two sides of the fertilizing device (6) is controlled to enable the left fertilizing unit (10) and the right fertilizing unit (12) to respectively throw fertilizers to the outer sides, so that bilateral operation is realized, and the bilateral operation comprises ditch fertilization, strip-spread fertilization and inter-plant fertilization; controlling hydraulic motors (18) on two sides of the fertilizing device (6) to rotate in the same direction, and enabling the left fertilizing unit (10) and the right fertilizing unit (12) to retract and fold through a hydraulic cylinder (13) to realize unilateral operation, wherein the unilateral operation comprises ditch fertilization, strip-spread fertilization and inter-plant fertilization; when inter-plant fertilization is carried out, fertilizer blocking plates (14) at two sides of the fertilizing device (6) are disassembled; according to different row spacing of the orchard, the hydraulic cylinder (13) is adjusted to stretch out and draw back, so that the left fertilization unit (10) and the right fertilization unit (12) stretch out to adapt to different fertilization ditch spacing or row spacing.

2. The orchard multi-mode organic fertilizer applicator as claimed in claim 1, wherein inter-plant fertilization refers to spreading fertilizer in a tree row (32) with a tree trunk as a central line to form a strip with a certain width and thickness, and the strip is an inter-plant fertilization strip (37); the strip-spread fertilization refers to spreading the fertilizer into strips with certain width and thickness along the side edges of the tree rows (32), wherein the strips are strip-spread fertilization strips (36); the fertilizing to the ditch refers to spreading the fertilizer into a fertilizing ditch which is opened in advance, and the ditch is a fertilizing and fertilizing ditch (35) for the ditch.

3. An orchard multi-mode organic fertilizer applicator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the left side fertilization unit (10) and the right side fertilization unit (12) move synchronously and transversely along the fixing frame (11) and the groove (27) under the telescopic action of the hydraulic cylinder (13).

4. An orchard multi-mode organic fertilizer applicator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material distributing plate (5) is of an M-like structure, and the material distributing plate (5) divides the organic fertilizer (33) discharged through the discharge opening (8) into two parts and conveys the two parts to the left side fertilizer application unit (10) and the right side fertilizer application unit (12).

5. The orchard multi-mode organic fertilizer applicator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilizer conveying mechanism (17) is an annular feeding mechanism for transverse conveying and throwing of organic fertilizer (33).

6. The orchard multi-mode organic fertilizer applicator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilizer throwing plate (15)

The uniform material plate (15-1) is a curved surface with gradually changed radian, the inner edge (15-3) of the uniform material plate (15-1) connected with the fertilizer conveying mechanism (17) is straight, and the fertilizer outlet edge (15-2) is warped upwards from one end.

7. An orchard multi-mode organic fertilizer applicator as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the organic fertilizer (33) does not exclude agricultural waste.