CN109964609B - A vehicle-mounted orchard fertilization equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to vehicle-mounted orchard fertilizing equipment which comprises a fertilizer storage device, a fertilizer mixing device, a fertilizing device and a movable chassis, wherein the fertilizer mixing device is arranged on the movable chassis; the fertilizer storage device comprises a fertilizer storage hopper, a stirring blade and a stirring blade driving motor; the bottom of the fertilizer storage hopper is movably communicated with the fertilizer mixing cylinder; spiral blades are transversely arranged in the front and the back of the interior of the fertilizer mixing barrel; the conveyor belt rotates around the concave groove for conveying fertilizer; the fertilizing blade scrapes off the fertilizer with high viscosity on the conveyor belt and applies the fertilizer to the ground surface through the horn mouth; the invention firstly mixes farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer in a storage hopper for the first time through a stirring blade, and carries out spiral rotation forward conveying on the mixed fertilizer with high viscosity through a fertilizer mixing cylinder and a spiral blade, and simultaneously carries out secondary stirring and mixing on the mixed fertilizer; the mixed fertilizer is uniformly spread on the ground surface or in a fertilizing ditch through a fertilizing device, so that the problems of effective mixing of farmyard manure with chemical fertilizer and mechanized application of farmyard manure with high viscosity are effectively solved.

Description

A vehicle-mounted orchard fertilization equipment

Technical field

The invention relates to a vehicle-mounted orchard fertilizing equipment, belonging to the technical field of orchard fertilizing.

Background technique

Fertilizer application directly affects the growth and yield of fruit trees, and how to optimize orchard fertilization has gradually received attention.

At present, orchard fertilization focuses on chemical fertilizers, which leads to an increase in heavy metals and toxic elements in orchard soil, nutrient imbalance, nitrate accumulation, and soil acidification. Combined with my country's national conditions, farmyard manure comes from a wide range of sources and in large quantities, making it easy to obtain local materials and use them locally, and the cost is relatively low. The nutrients contained are relatively comprehensive. It not only contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, but also calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron and some trace elements. The fertilizer effect is long and stable. In addition, the application of organic fertilizers can help promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, coordinate the ratio of air and water in the soil, loosen the soil, and increase the ability to retain water, heat, breath, and fertilizer. Mixing chemical fertilizers with farmyard manure can fully supply the nutrients needed for crop growth. Chemical fertilizers are characterized by high nutrient content, fast fertilizer effect and short duration, and relatively single nutrients. Most agricultural organic fertilizers are complete fertilizers, but have low nutrient content and slow fertilizer effect. And lasts long. Therefore, the mixed application of chemical fertilizers and agricultural organic fertilizers can make up for each other's weaknesses. Mixed application can reduce the fixation of nutrients and improve fertilizer efficiency. After chemical fertilizers are applied to the soil, some nutrients will be absorbed or fixed by the soil, thereby reducing the effectiveness of the nutrients. If mixed with farmyard manure, the contact surface between the chemical fertilizers and the soil can be reduced. , thereby reducing the chance of being fixed by the soil. Mixed fertilization can conserve nutrients, reduce losses, and improve the conditions for crops to absorb nutrients. Chemical fertilizers have high solubility, which causes a high osmotic pressure on the soil after application, affecting the absorption of nutrients and water by crops, which increases the chance of nutrient loss. This drawback can be avoided by mixing it with farmyard manure. Mixed application can adjust soil acidity and alkalinity and improve soil structure. Farmyard manure is the raw material for microbial life, and chemical fertilizers provide inorganic nutrients for the growth and development of microorganisms. Mixing the two can promote the activity of microorganisms, thereby promoting the decomposition of organic fertilizers.

Rural biogas realizes the resource utilization of agricultural and rural organic waste such as livestock and poultry manure, straw, organic garbage, etc. However, the large amount of biogas fertilizer produced is difficult to achieve mechanized application, resulting in the ineffective utilization of farmyard manure such as biogas fertilizer. Since farmyard manure such as biogas manure is made from decomposed human and animal excrement, kitchen waste (leftovers), manure, green manure, compost and retting manure, farmyard manure has complex ingredients, irregular shape and high viscosity. It is difficult to achieve full mixing with chemical fertilizers using existing fertilization machinery, and it is difficult to achieve mechanized application.

Contents of the invention

In view of the problem that the current fertilization method cannot realize the effective utilization of farmyard manure, the present invention provides a vehicle-mounted orchard fertilization equipment, which can solve the problems of difficult mechanized application of farmyard manure, difficulty in mixing farmyard manure, and excessive application of chemical fertilizers during the growth of fruit trees. It often leads to environmental pollution, soil deterioration and other problems.

The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

A vehicle-mounted orchard fertilization equipment includes a fertilizer storage device, a fertilizer mixing device, a fertilizer application device and a mobile chassis.

The fertilizer storage device includes a fertilizer storage hopper, a stirring blade and a stirring blade driving motor; the fertilizer storage hopper is funnel-shaped, and a stirring blade is installed inside the fertilizer storage hopper through a stirring rotating shaft; the stirring rotating shaft is connected to the stirring blade driving motor; the bottom of the fertilizer storage hopper is connected to the mixing blade. The fertilizer tube can be movable and connected to facilitate the disassembly, assembly and maintenance of the fertilizer storage hopper and the fertilizer mixing tube.

The fertilizer mixing device includes a fertilizer mixing cylinder, a spiral blade and a spiral blade driving motor; the fertilizer mixing cylinder is cylindrical and is arranged parallel to the ground; the mixing rotating shaft is arranged parallel to the fertilizer mixing barrel; The rear end of the fertilizer barrel is open, and the front end is closed and fixed with a spiral blade drive motor; the inside of the fertilizer mixing barrel is provided with spiral blades front and rear transversely; the front end of the spiral blade is connected to the spiral blade drive motor; the spiral blade drive motor drives the spiral blade to rotate 360°, The fertilizer is transported backward and the stirring and mixing of the fertilizer are completed.

The fertilizing device includes a concave groove, a square bell mouth, a conveyor belt, a belt drive motor, a fertilizing blade and a fertilizing blade driving motor; the upper end of the concave groove is located directly below the rear end of the fertilizer mixing cylinder to receive the fertilizer output from the fertilizer mixing cylinder; The lower end of the concave groove is tilted downward and connected with a square bell mouth, which serves as a fertilizer spreading opening; the upper and lower parts of the concave groove are respectively installed with an active rotating shaft and a driven rotating shaft; a conveyor belt is installed in the concave groove, and the conveyor belt is looped around the active rotating shaft and the driven rotating shaft. Above; one end of the active rotating shaft is connected to a belt drive motor; the belt driven motor drives the active rotating shaft to rotate, thereby driving the conveyor belt to rotate around the concave groove. The conveyor belt is used to transport fertilizer to prevent the accumulation of fertilizer with high viscosity in the concave groove; two vertical support frames are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the groove wall below the concave groove near the square bell mouth, and the two ends of the rotating shaft of the fertilizing blade are fixed on both sides. The top of a vertical support frame; the rotating shaft of the fertilizing blade is evenly connected to the fertilizing blade along its circumferential direction, and the length of the fertilizing blade is equal to the distance from the rotating shaft of the fertilizing blade to the bottom of the concave groove; the fertilizing blade is used to scrape off the fertilizer with high viscosity on the conveyor belt. Apply to the surface through the bell mouth. One end of the fertilizing blade rotating shaft is connected to the fertilizing blade driving motor.

The mobile chassis is composed of a frame and four wheels installed at the bottom of the frame; the frame is used to place a fertilizer storage device, a fertilizer mixing device and a fertilizer spreading device.

Preferably, the frame is composed of a front frame and a rear frame that can be movable connected; the front and rear overall length and the left and right overall width of the frame are adjustable, and the width and length can be adjusted according to the row spacing of fruit trees; the wheels are connected by The arm is installed at the bottom of the frame, and the height of the connecting arm is adjustable to adjust the distance between the chassis and the ground; the longitudinal frame and the transverse frame of the front frame and the rear frame are movably connected through insertion rods and rod sleeves ; The insertion rod is provided with a plurality of limit holes, and the rod sleeve is provided with positioning holes corresponding to the limit holes on the insertion rod; align the positioning holes with the corresponding limit holes, It is fixed with a pin matched with the limit hole and the positioning hole, so that the frame can have an adjustable length at the front and rear or an adjustable width at the left and right, making it convenient to walk between the rows of the orchard; the connecting arm is also limited by a belt The insertion rods with positioning holes and the rod sleeves with positioning holes are connected to the bottom of the frame. Different positioning holes and positioning holes are fixed through pins to adjust the gap between the mobile chassis and the ground and improve the stability of the mobile chassis on uneven ground. Through performance.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

In the invention, farmyard manure and chemical fertilizers in the storage hopper are mixed for the first time through the stirring blades, and the mixed fertilizer with high viscosity is spirally rotated and transported forward through the mixing cylinder and the spiral blade, and the mixed fertilizer is stirred and mixed for the second time at the same time. . The mixed fertilizer is evenly spread onto the ground surface or into the fertilizing trench through the fertilizing device. The invention solves the problems of effective mixing of farmyard manure with high viscosity and chemical fertilizers and mechanized application of farmyard manure.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the fertilizer storage device, fertilizer mixing device and fertilizer application device of the present invention;

In the picture: 1. Fertilizer storage hopper, 2. Mixing blade drive motor, 3. Spiral blade drive motor, 4. Front traction frame, 5. Wheels, 6. Frame, 7. Belt drive motor, 8. Fertilizer blade drive motor Shaft, 9. Square bell mouth, 10. Fertilizer blade, 11. Fertilizer blade shaft, 12. Conveyor belt, 13. Rear carrier, 14. Mixing fertilizer cylinder, 15. Mixing blade, 16. Bearing, 17. Mixing shaft , 18. Flange one, 19. Flange two, 20. Coupling, 21 drain outlet, 22. Bolt, 23. Spiral blade, 24. Connecting plate, 25. Bolt hole, 26. Driven shaft, 27. Support frame, 28. Fertilizer blade driving motor, 29. Concave groove, 30. Active rotating shaft.

Detailed ways

The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described here are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Undescribed technical features of the present invention can be realized by or using existing technologies, and will not be described again here.

In the present invention, the spiral blades, driving motors, etc. are all commercially available.

Example 1:

As shown in Figures 1-2, the present invention provides a vehicle-mounted orchard fertilization equipment, including a fertilizer storage device, a fertilizer mixing device, a fertilizer application device, and a mobile chassis. The fertilizer storage device includes a fertilizer storage hopper 1, a stirring blade 15, and a stirring blade driving motor 2. The fertilizer storage hopper 1 is in the shape of an iron funnel. Two through holes are symmetrically provided on the front and rear side walls of the fertilizer storage hopper. Bearings 16 are respectively installed in the two through holes. The two bearings 16 pass through the stirring rotating shaft 17 laterally. Weld the stirring blade 15 on 17. The stirring rotating shaft 17 is arranged parallel to the fertilizer mixing drum 14; the stirring rotating shaft 17 is driven by the stirring blade motor 2, and the stirring blade driving motor 2 is fixed on the wall of the fertilizer storage hopper 1 with bolts. The bottom of the fertilizer storage hopper 1 and the top of the fertilizer mixing drum 14 can be movable connected; for example, the bottom of the fertilizer storage hopper 1 is welded with flange plate 18, and the top of the fertilizer mixing drum 14 is installed with flange plate 2 19, and the flange plate 18 and the flange The second plate 19 is connected with bolts to facilitate the disassembly, assembly and maintenance of the fertilizer storage hopper 1 and the fertilizer mixing tube 14.

The fertilizer mixing device includes a fertilizer mixing cylinder 14, a spiral blade 23 and a driving motor 3. The fertilizer mixing drum 14 is an iron cylinder. The rear end of the fertilizer mixing drum is open as a fertilizer outlet, and the front end is closed and fixed with a spiral blade driving motor 3 . The spiral blade 23 is placed transversely in the fertilizer mixing drum 14 and driven to rotate by the spiral blade drive motor 3. During the fertilizer transportation process, it also has and completes the functions of stirring and mixing the fertilizer.

The fertilizing device includes a concave groove 29, a square bell mouth 9, a conveyor belt 12, a belt drive motor 7, a fertilizing blade 10 and a fertilizing blade driving motor 28. The upper end of the concave groove 29 and the open outlet at the rear end of the fertilizer mixing drum 14 are connected with bolts through the connecting plate 24; and the upper end of the concave groove 29 is located directly below the open outlet at the rear end of the fertilizer mixing drum 14 to receive the fertilizer output from the fertilizer mixing drum 14; the concave groove 29 The lower end of 29 is inclined downward and is welded with a square bell mouth 9 as a fertilizer spreading opening. The conveyor belt is installed close to the bottom in the concave groove 29; holes are opened on the front and rear end walls of the concave groove 29 to install the driving rotating shaft 30 and the driven rotating shaft 26, and the conveying belt 12 rings are sleeved on the driving rotating shaft 30 and the driven rotating shaft 29; close to the square One end of the bell mouth 9 is a driven rotating shaft 26, and the other end is a driving rotating shaft 30. One end of the driving rotating shaft 30 is fixedly connected to the belt drive motor 7 to drive the driving rotating shaft 30, and drive the conveying belt 12 to surround the bottom of the concave groove 29 to drive the belt from the mixer. The fertilizer dropped from the rear end outlet of the fertilizer cylinder 14 is transported to the square bell mouth 9 to prevent fertilizer with high viscosity from accumulating in the concave groove 29 . Two vertical support frames 27 are symmetrically welded on the left and right groove walls of one end of the concave groove 29 near the square bell mouth 9. A fertilizing blade rotating shaft 11 is installed between the two supporting frames 27. The fertilizing blade rotating shaft 11 is installed along its circumference. Three fertilizing blades 10 are installed evenly in the direction (the number of fertilizing blades can be determined according to the number). The length of the fertilizing blades 10 is equal to the distance from the rotating shaft 11 of the fertilizing blades to the bottom of the concave groove 29; the fertilizing blades 10 are used to transfer fertilizer with high viscosity on the conveyor belt 12 Scrape it off and spread it to the ground surface through the square bell mouth 9; one end of the fertilizing blade rotating shaft 11 is fixedly connected to the fertilizing blade driving motor 28; the lower surface of the concave groove 29 is connected to the rear carrier frame 13 through the bolt holes 25 and bolts, so that the fertilizing device can be moved The chassis connection is more stable.

The mobile chassis is composed of a frame 6 and four wheels 5 installed at the bottom of the frame; the front end of the frame 6 is provided with a front tractor 4, and the tractor is provided with bolt holes to facilitate connection with the tractor (such as a tractor). ). The rear end of the vehicle frame 6 is provided with a rear support frame 13 to carry the fertilizing device. The fertilizer mixing device is connected and fixed on the frame 6 through bolts 22. Four wheels 5 are installed at the bottom of the frame 6 to facilitate movement of the whole machine. In the present invention, the vehicle frame 6 may be fixed and integrated, or may preferably be composed of a front vehicle frame and a rear vehicle frame that are movably connected; when the vehicle frame is composed of a front vehicle frame and a rear vehicle frame that are movably connected, the vehicle frame 6 The overall length of the front and rear and the overall width of the left and right sides of the frame 6 are adjustable, and the width and length can be adjusted according to the row spacing of fruit trees; the wheels 5 are installed on the bottom of the frame 6 through connecting arms, and the height of the connecting arms is adjustable to adjust the relationship between the mobile chassis and the ground. spacing. The adjustment of the front and rear overall length and the left and right overall width of the frame 6 can be achieved by relying on existing technology: for example: the longitudinal frame and the transverse frame of the front frame and the rear frame are all connected by insertion rods and rod sleeves. Movably connected: the insertion rod is provided with a plurality of limit holes, the rod sleeve is provided with positioning holes corresponding to the limit holes on the insertion rod, and is provided with a positioning hole corresponding to the limit hole The pins used in conjunction with the holes and positioning holes; after determining the overall length and width of the frame, align the positioning holes with the corresponding limit holes and fix them with pins, so that the frame can have adjustable lengths at the front and rear or adjustable left and right The width is convenient for walking between the rows of the orchard; the connecting arm is also connected to the bottom of the frame through a plug-in rod with a limit hole and a rod sleeve with a positioning hole, and the different limit holes and positioning holes are fixed through pins. It is used to adjust the gap between the mobile chassis and the ground and improve the passing performance of the mobile chassis on uneven ground.

When in use, pour biogas manure and other farmyard manure and chemical fertilizers into the fertilizer storage hopper 1, and the stirring blade drive motor 2 in the fertilizer storage hopper 1 drives the stirring blade 15 to mix the fertilizer in the fertilizer storage hopper 1 for the first time; 1. The bottom and the top of the fertilizer mixing cylinder 14 are movablely connected. Due to the effect of gravity, the fertilizer stirred by the stirring blade 15 falls into the fertilizer mixing cylinder 14. The spiral blade drive motor 3 drives the spiral blade 23 through the coupling 20 to fully mix the fertilizer entering the fertilizer mixing barrel 14. Under the rotation of the spiral blade 23, the fertilizer is pushed to the outlet at the rear end of the fertilizer mixing barrel 14 during the mixing process; The fertilizer discharged from the fertilizer mixing drum 14 enters the concave groove 29 of the fertilizing device, and the fertilizer falls on the transmission belt 12 at the bottom of the concave groove 29; the belt drive motor 8 drives the driving shaft 30, and the driving shaft 30 drives the transmission belt 12 to loop around the bottom of the concave groove 29 Turn, driving the fertilizer to move to the square bell mouth 9 at the rear end. Two vertical support frames 17 are welded at the connection between the square bell mouth 9 and the concave groove 29. A fertilizing blade rotating shaft 11 is installed on the supporting frame 27. A fertilizing blade 10 is welded on the fertilizing blade rotating shaft 11. The fertilizing blade 10 will transport the viscous material on the conveyor belt 12. The fertilizer is scraped off and thrown onto the surface or into the fertilizer trench. The upper end of the concave groove 29 of the fertilizer application device and the open end of the fertilizer mixing cylinder 14 are connected with bolts through the connecting plate 24. The fertilizer mixing device is connected and fixed on the frame 6 through bolts 22. One end of the frame 6 of the mobile chassis is provided with a front traction frame 4, and the front traction frame 4 is provided with bolt holes to facilitate connection with a tractor (such as a tractor), and movement between fruit tree rows can be achieved through tractor traction. Through the relative positions of the limit holes and positioning holes on the frame 6, the overall length and width of the frame 6 and the height of the mobile chassis are adjusted to adapt to different row spacings of fruit trees and improve the passing performance of the chassis on uneven ground.

In the present invention, the stirring blade drive motor 2, the spiral blade drive motor 3, the belt drive motor 7, the fertilizing blade drive motor 28, etc. can be connected to the existing single-chip microcomputer, and the entire device is set by the single-chip microcomputer to achieve start-stop control. Through the existing technology, it is possible to Implementation, the electrical connection relationship and specific circuit structure will not be described again here.

Finally, it should be noted that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still The technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may be modified, or some of the technical features may be equivalently replaced. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. The vehicle-mounted orchard fertilizing equipment is characterized by comprising a fertilizer storage device, a fertilizer mixing device, a fertilizing device and a movable chassis;

the fertilizer storage device comprises a fertilizer storage hopper, a stirring blade and a stirring blade driving motor; the fertilizer storage hopper is funnel-shaped, and stirring blades are arranged in the fertilizer storage hopper through a stirring rotating shaft; the stirring rotating shaft is connected with a stirring blade driving motor; the bottom of the fertilizer storage hopper is movably communicated with the top of the fertilizer mixing cylinder;

the fertilizer mixing device comprises a fertilizer mixing cylinder, a spiral blade and a spiral blade driving motor; the rear end of the fertilizer mixing cylinder is open, and the front end is closed and is fixedly provided with a helical blade driving motor; spiral blades are transversely arranged in the front and the back of the interior of the fertilizer mixing barrel; the front end of the spiral blade is connected with a spiral blade driving motor; the spiral blade driving motor drives the spiral blade to rotate by 360 degrees, so that the fertilizer is conveyed backwards, and stirring and mixing of the fertilizer are completed;

the fertilizing device comprises a concave groove, a square horn mouth, a conveying belt, a belt driving motor, fertilizing blades and a fertilizing blade driving motor; the upper end of the concave groove is positioned right below the rear end of the fertilizer mixing cylinder so as to receive fertilizer output by the fertilizer mixing cylinder; the lower end of the concave groove is obliquely arranged downwards and is connected with a square horn mouth which is used as a fertilizer spreading port; the upper part and the lower part of the concave groove are respectively provided with a driving rotating shaft and a driven rotating shaft; a conveyor belt is arranged in the concave groove and sleeved on the driving rotating shaft and the driven rotating shaft; one end of the driving rotating shaft is connected with a belt driving motor; the belt driving motor drives the driving rotating shaft to rotate, so that the conveyor belt is driven to rotate around the concave groove to convey fertilizer; two vertical supporting frames are symmetrically arranged on the groove walls at two sides, which are close to one side of the square horn mouth, below the concave groove, and two ends of a fertilization blade rotating shaft are fixed at the tops of the two vertical supporting frames; the fertilizing blade rotating shaft is uniformly connected with the fertilizing blades along the circumferential direction of the fertilizing blade rotating shaft; the fertilizing blade is used for scraping off the fertilizer with high viscosity on the conveyor belt and applying the fertilizer to the ground surface through the horn mouth; one end of the fertilizing blade rotating shaft is connected with a fertilizing blade driving motor; the fertilizer mixing cylinder is cylindrical and is arranged in parallel with the ground; the stirring rotating shaft is arranged in parallel with the fertilizer mixing cylinder; the length of the fertilizing blade is equal to the distance from the rotating shaft of the fertilizing blade to the bottom of the concave groove;

the movable chassis consists of a frame and four wheels arranged at the bottom of the frame; the frame is used for placing a fertilizer storage device, a fertilizer mixing device and a fertilizer application device; the fertilizer storage device is positioned at the front part of the frame; the fertilizer mixing device is positioned in the middle of the frame; the fertilizing device is positioned at the rear end of the frame;

the frame is formed by movably connecting a front frame and a rear frame; the front-back integral length and the left-right integral width of the frame are adjustable; the wheels are arranged at the bottom of the frame through connecting arms, and the height of the connecting arms is adjustable so as to adjust the distance between the chassis and the ground;

the longitudinal frames and the transverse frames of the front frame and the rear frame are movably connected through inserted bars and rod sleeves; the plug rod is provided with a plurality of limiting holes, the rod sleeve is provided with positioning holes corresponding to the limiting holes on the plug rod, and the limiting holes and the positioning holes are fixed through matched pin shafts; the connecting arm is also connected with the bottom of the frame through a inserted link with a limiting hole and a link sleeve with a positioning hole, and different limiting holes and positioning holes are fixed through pin shafts to adjust the gap between the movable chassis and the ground.