CN106358462B - A kind of double helix earthing formula orchard straw covering machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a double-helix soil-covering orchard straw covering machine, which belongs to the field of orchard machinery equipment. There is a self-unloading straw material box on the crawler vehicle, and there is a discharge roller at the rear bottom of the straw material box; a soil covering mechanism is installed at the rear of the track vehicle through parallel four-bar linkages and steel wire ropes. The front of the soil covering mechanism is a spiral soil divider, and there is a soil lifting device on each side of the rear of the screw soil divider. Behind the soil lifting device is a soil leveling device. There is a soil leveling screw in the soil collecting box of the soil lifting device; Under the action of the turning cylinder, it can be tilted backward around the hinge point, and the material can be spread evenly under the action of the unloading roller; the covering mechanism is pulled up and down by the lifting cylinder and the wire rope; the power of the unloading roller and the covering mechanism is provided by a hydraulic motor. This machine can evenly cover the straw material or fertilizer between the orchard rows, and cover it with thin soil; it is suitable for moisture conservation, heat preservation, weed suppression, and soil quality improvement in orchards in dry areas; it is also suitable for farmland, desert, beach, and barren land soil quality Improve and fertilize the soil.

Description

A double-helix soil-covering orchard straw mulching machine

technical field

The invention discloses a double-helix soil-covering orchard straw mulching machine, which belongs to the fields of agricultural equipment and straw resource recycling, and particularly relates to the field of orchard machinery and equipment.

Background technique

In recent years, with the adjustment of my country's agricultural industrial structure, the scale of fruit industry has developed rapidly. The planting area of apples, pears, peaches, grapes, citrus, etc. has reached the first place in the world, and my country has become a big fruit industry country. However, there is a big gap between the product quality and industrial efficiency of my country's fruit industry compared with developed countries. An important problem is that the orchard soil is poor and excessive use of chemical fertilizers leads to serious soil compaction. Soil moisture is not only a key factor in the continuum of soil, plants, and the atmosphere, but also an important carrier of nutrient cycle and flow in the soil system. It has an important impact on soil characteristics, plant growth, distribution, and changes in the microclimate of the ecosystem. Arid and semi-arid Soil water shortage in regional and seasonal water-scarce areas has always been a bottleneck problem restricting the development of fruit industry. Especially in the northern arid plains and southwestern regions of China, moisture conservation and water storage in orchards and improvement of soil organic matter content have become the top priority of orchard management. The organic matter content of orchard soil in European and American countries is generally above 3.0%, and the organic matter content of orchard soil in Japan can reach up to 6.8%, while the organic matter content of apple orchard soil in the northwest arid plain of my country is generally below 1.0%. Key factor.

Orchard straw mulching technology is a soil management technology adopted for orchards with thin soil layer, low fertility, poor water conditions and large bare soil area. Covering the bare soil around the fruit trees with an appropriate amount of crop straw, etc., it has multiple effects such as moisture conservation, water saving, improvement of soil organic matter content, weed suppression, heat preservation, no-tillage, labor saving and prevention of soil loss, and can improve soil ecology Microenvironment, root and tree growth, promote tree growth and development, thereby increasing yield and improving quality. Orchard straw mulching technology is an effective measure to solve the shortage of fertilizer and water in arid and semi-arid areas to improve the quality and increase production of orchards, and it is also one of the important production technologies for the development of ecological and organic fruit industries.

In recent years, orchard straw technology has been vigorously promoted in my country. However, the existing orchard straw mulching technology is simple and requires manual work, which is labor-intensive and time-consuming. In addition, fruit farmers are worried about orchard fires in dry seasons, resulting in low enthusiasm for fruit farmers and a small promotion area. ,With little success.

The intensive cultivation mode of apples with short stock is a major reform of the apple cultivation system and the main development direction of apple cultivation in the world. At present, European and American countries have generally adopted apple dwarf intensive and high-efficiency cultivation techniques, and the dwarf stock apples in many countries have accounted for more than 90%. High yield per mu and high rate of high-quality fruit are the outstanding advantages of the dwarf, intensive and efficient cultivation technology of apples. During the prolific period, the yield per mu can reach more than 5 tons, and the high-quality fruit rate can reach 85%. Comparatively speaking, in my country at present, mainly apples with joe anvils account for 90%, while apples with short anvils only account for about 10%. Therefore, in the next 10 to 20 years, my country will usher in a high-speed development boom of upgrading apple cultivation technology. In recent years, apple planting areas such as Shaanxi and Shandong have begun to introduce them on a large scale. With the promotion of fruit dwarfing technology, especially the intensive cultivation technology of dwarf apples in our country, the spacious rows of orchards and standardized tree shapes will facilitate the mechanization of orchard operations.

European and American countries generally adopt grass mulching technology in low stock orchards, but studies have shown that the grass mulching technology has the problem of competing with fruit trees for water and fertilizer, and leads to an increase in pests and diseases. Therefore, the current grass mulching technology is not suitable for my country's orchards, especially in arid and water-deficient areas.

Therefore, to change the crude method of orchard straw mulching in the past, to study the mechanization technology of orchard straw mulching and to develop orchard straw mulching operation tools is the key to give full play to the benefits of orchard straw mulching technology, and also to realize the efficient utilization of straw resources in high value-added fruit industry It is an important way to improve the soil moisture and organic matter content in the orchard, and an important guarantee to achieve high yield and high efficiency in the orchard.

At present, there are relatively few reports on the research and application of orchard straw mulching mechanization technology at home and abroad. Existing technologies such as CN104429384A, CN104429385A, CN204377459U, CN204377363 and other patents can solve the problems of crude, labor-intensive and time-consuming methods of straw mulching in existing orchards, promote the application of straw mulching technology in orchards, and realize soil moisture conservation in orchards to a certain extent The effects of water saving, fertilization, weed suppression, heat preservation and antifreeze have reduced operating costs, improved fruit production and benefits; solved the waste of straw resources and incineration pollution in the surrounding areas of orchards. However, there are still some deficiencies in the above technology. The main working parts, that is, the throwing and unloading mechanism, are arranged at the front of the whole machine. Such an arrangement will inevitably cause the trailer wheels to roll over the covering layer, forming ruts, and destroying the covering layer. Integrity, which greatly reduces the effect of moisture conservation and water storage and weed suppression of the covering layer; patent CN205213458U solves the problem of damage to the covering layer by front wheel rolling, so that the effect of moisture conservation, water storage and weed suppression of the covering layer can be fully exerted , which improves the quality of work, but the position of the throwing and unloading mechanism determines that the thrown soil and the discharged straw will form a cross collision in space, which affects the uniformity of coverage and the layering effect of double-layer coverage. Although CN201520598228.5 and other self-propelled orchard straw mulching machines are designed in an integrated manner, the quality of the covering soil of the covering mechanism is not easy to control, and the volume of the straw material box is limited, which affects the operation efficiency, and the overall operation quality needs to be improved.

The invention discloses a double-helix soil-covering orchard straw mulching machine, which can comprehensively solve the above problems, improve operation efficiency and quality, promote the application of straw mulching technology in orchards, and realize soil moisture conservation, water conservation, fertilizer increase, weed suppression, and heat preservation in orchards. , reduce operating costs, improve operating quality, and increase fruit output and efficiency; solve the waste of straw resources and incineration pollution in the surrounding areas of orchards, increase farmers' income, and increase agricultural efficiency. The mulching machine can also be used in farmlands, deserts, beaches, and barren lands other than orchards for soil improvement and fertilization.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to disclose a double-helix soil-covering orchard straw mulching machine, which can realize the mechanization and standardization of orchard straw mulching and surface soil covering operations. The mulching machine can promote the popularization and application of orchard straw mulching technology and reduce the cost of orchard straw mulching , Improve the soil condition of the orchard, promote the large-scale and efficient utilization of straw around the fruit area, increase farmers' income and increase agricultural efficiency.

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is: how to improve the operation efficiency and operation quality of the orchard straw mulching machine.

To realize the mechanization of garden straw mulching, it needs to be completed according to the following process steps:

(1) Straw processing: processing crop straw into straw fragments;

(2) Orchard straw mulching substrate preparation: Add appropriate amount of soil nutrients or soil structure improvement substances to the straw fragments described in step (1), and perform appropriate insecticide and sterilization treatments as required to form orchard straw mulch matrix.

(3) Orchard soil tillage: Use agricultural machinery to loosen, crush and level the soil between the rows of the orchard.

(4) Straw mulching: use a mulching machine to cover the straw (broken pieces) substrate described in step (1) or step (2) on the soil surface between the orchard rows, and the covering thickness should be as uniform as possible.

(5) Covering with thin soil: while the straw is covered, the mulching machine takes soil on the spot, covers a layer of crushed soil above the covered straw layer in step (4), and presses the covered straw layer with thin soil to form straw Cover with topsoil in layers. Step (5) can be used as needed.

In order to solve the technical problem to be solved in the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

A double-helix soil-covering orchard straw mulching machine, characterized in that a vehicle frame 27 is fixed above the crawler chassis 29, and a cab 1, an engine 30, a gearbox 28, a hydraulic oil tank 31 and a hydraulic pump 32 are installed on the front of the vehicle frame 27 , the rear of the upper part of the frame 27 is equipped with a straw material box 2, and the bottom of the rear end of the straw material box 2 is hinged with the vehicle frame 27; , the upper end of which is hinged with the bottom of the straw hopper 2;

The basket of the straw material box 2 has two layers, and the upper basket plates on both sides and the rear are hinged with the lower layer, and are detachable and can be flipped and suspended.

A blanking roller 38 is horizontally installed at the rear lower corner of the straw hopper 2, and the gap between the blanking roller 38 and the bottom of the straw hopper 2 is adjustable; The bottom opening of the arc-shaped baffle 5 is a straw discharge port 40, and a backward and downward feeding trough 7 is installed below the straw discharge port 40.

The rear of the crawler chassis 29 and the stalk hopper 2 is a soil-covering mechanism 10 .

The soil covering mechanism 10 includes a screw soil distributor 20, a soil lifting device 9, a soil leveling device 11, a screw soil distributor adjustment device 34, a frame 8, a ground wheel 15, a parallel four-bar linkage mechanism 21, a steel wire rope 6, and a lifting cylinder 25 .

The spiral soil divider 20 is a screw device, which moves the soil axially to both sides, and includes a soil divider screw 33 and a soil fetching shovel 42; the soil divider screw 33 is a through shaft welded with a spiral blade 41 , the helical blade 41 is separated from the middle of the shaft, and is divided into left and right sections and arranged symmetrically. The helical blades 41 on the left and right sides rotate in opposite directions and intersect in the middle of the shaft.

The soil fetching shovel 42 includes an arc-shaped back plate 42-1, a plurality of ribs 42-2 are welded to the rear of the arc-shaped back plate 42-1, and the ribs 42-2 have upper and lower ear plates 42-3 and Upper ear plate 42-7; the lower front end of arc back plate 42-1 is shovel plate 42-4, and the front portion of shovel plate 42-4 has a plurality of plow shovels 42-5, and a plurality of plough shovels 42-5 are on shovel The front ends of the plates 42-4 are evenly arranged to form a toothed structure; behind the lower part of the arc-shaped back plate 42-1 is a shovel support 42-6, which is connected to the shovel plate 42-4.

The soil fetching shovel 42 is hingedly suspended on the crossbeam of the frame 8 through the upper ear plate 42-7, and the two lower ear plates 42-3 at the bottom are connected with a screw rod 35, and the upper part of the screw rod 35 is threadedly connected with the frame 8 ; The top of the screw rod has a handle 36, which is used to rotate the screw rod 35 to adjust the posture and depth of the earth taking shovel 42.

The spiral soil divider 20 is horizontally symmetrically arranged, and the axial direction of the soil divider screw 33 is parallel to the length direction of the soil shovel 42 and the two are installed symmetrically; A certain arc angle is formed, and a certain distance is maintained between the edge of the helical blade 41 and the inner side of the arc-shaped back plate 42-1.

The length of the spiral blade 41 is not less than the length of the arc-shaped back plate 42-1;

The two ends of the spiral soil divider 20 are spaced back and forth with the soil lifting device 9;

The described soil lifting device 9 is symmetrically fixed on both sides of the frame 8, its front part is connected with the two ends of the screw soil divider 20, and its rear part is raised to connect with the two ends of the soil collecting box 12 of the soil leveling device 11. Connect up and down.

Described earth lifting device 9 can adopt scraper conveyor or screw conveyor; The two ends of the earthenware 20 are connected sequentially in space, and the soil at the two ends is scooped up by the screw soil divider 20, gathered, and introduced into the soil lifting device 9 inside.

The soil leveling device 11 is fixedly mounted on the rear portion of the frame 8, and the soil collecting box 12 of the soil leveling device 11 is a U-shaped groove structure, arranged symmetrically in the transverse direction, and a strip-shaped soil discharge port 43 is arranged at the bottom thereof, Its inside is equipped with a soil leveling screw 13, and the screw blades 41 on the left and right sides of the soil leveling screw 13 rotate in opposite directions.

The helical blade 41 can be a common helical blade, or a helical annular band or a discontinuous helical blade;

The lower edge of the chute 7 is above the frame 8, behind the screw soil divider 20, in front of the soil collecting box 12, and just in the gap between the frame 8 crossbeams.

Both sides of described vehicle frame 27 rear ends are hinged with a pair of parallel four-bar linkage mechanism 21, and the rear end of parallel four-bar linkage mechanism 21 is hinged with the front end beam of frame 8; A steel wire rope 6 is pulled from both sides around the fixed pulley 3 fixed on the straw material box 2, and the other end of the steel wire rope 6 is connected to the lifting cylinder 25 through the oil cylinder pulley 24; on both sides of the frame, ground wheels 15 are installed respectively .

The soil covering mechanism 10 can be landed on the ground during the orchard straw covering operation, and can be raised when the orchard straw covering machine is turning around or driving on the road; the described soil covering mechanism 10 can also be raised and not working during the straw covering operation of the orchard, Promptly do not work under the situation that does not need thin soil covering pressure; When not needing thin soil covering pressure for a long time, can unload soil-covering mechanism 10.

The double-helix soil-covering orchard straw mulching machine is characterized in that the output power of the engine 30 is shifted by the gearbox 28 to respectively drive the mulching machine to walk and the hydraulic pump 32; the output oil pipes of the hydraulic pump 32 are respectively connected to the fixed The hydraulic motor I17 on the frame 8 is connected with the hydraulic motor II23 fixed on the frame; the output power of the hydraulic motor I17 drives the soil leveling screw 13 through the chain I16, and drives the soil lifting device 9 through the chain II14; the output power of the hydraulic motor II23 The unloading roller 38 is driven by the chain III22; a speed regulating valve is arranged in the middle of the oil pipe connecting the output oil pipe of the hydraulic pump 32 and the hydraulic motor I17;

The power of the screw soil divider 20 can be taken from the hydraulic motor I17 through the chain IV19, or an additional hydraulic motor can be provided to directly drive it.

The double-helix soil-covering orchard straw mulching machine is characterized in that the two ends of the unloading roller 38 are fixed on the corner column 4 at the rear of the straw bin 2 through the bearing seat 37, and the bearing seat 37 The position on the corner column 4 can be adjusted up and down, and then the gap between the lower edge of the unloading roller 38 and the bottom of the straw bin 2 can be adjusted.

The double-helix soil-covering orchard straw mulching machine is characterized in that the output speeds of the hydraulic motor I17 and the hydraulic motor II23 are adjustable.

The double-helix soil-covering straw mulching machine for orchards is characterized in that the unloading roller 38 is a toothed roller-shaped structure, and multiple rows of spikes 39 are fixed on the surface of the round roller, and each row of spikes is arranged in a staggered manner; The nail teeth are triangular gears or conical teeth.

The double-helix soil-covering orchard straw mulching machine is characterized in that the straw material box 2 can carry at least the amount of covering materials covering 1 mu of orchard; In the case of material supply, at least it can carry the covering soil amount of the covering machine traveling 1m.

The double-helix soil-covering orchard straw mulching machine is characterized in that the orchard straw mulching machine can evenly cover the straw, or straw substrate, or fertilizer between the rows of the orchard, and press the covering layer with thin soil ; Suitable for orchards in arid and semi-arid areas or seasonally dry areas, especially suitable for intensive cultivation of dwarf orchards, such as apple orchards with short stock; also suitable for soil improvement and fertility in farmland, desert, and barren land.

A double-helix soil-covering orchard straw mulching machine, its working principle is as follows:

A double-helix soil-covering orchard straw mulching machine described in the present invention can complete orchard straw mulching and thin soil covering. The specific process and working principle are expressed as follows:

During the orchard straw mulching operation, the mulching machine advances at a constant speed between the orchard rows. The straw hopper is tilted backwards, and under the action of the unloading roller, it flows out through the unloading trough, covering the straw and other materials on the ground. At the same time, the spiral soil divider in the soil covering mechanism distributes the soil to both sides of the orchard rows, and the soil guide grooves behind the two sides of the spiral soil divider gather the soil, scoop it up, and introduce it into the soil lifting device, after lifting and transporting, The soil falls into both ends of the soil collecting box of the leveling device. The soil leveling screw pushes the soil at both ends to the middle of the soil collecting box. During the pushing process, the soil falls from the discharge port at the bottom of the soil collecting box and spreads evenly on the straw material covering layer.

Beneficial technical effects: a double-helix soil-covering orchard straw mulching machine disclosed in the present invention adopts a crawler-type walking mechanism, which improves the passing performance and slope adaptability; the straw material box is enlarged, the effective operation time is increased, and the operation is improved. Efficiency: The technical scheme of removing the soil in front of the spiral soil divider, conveying on both sides of the soil lifting device, and covering the soil behind the soil leveling device solves the impact of the intersection or collision of soil and straw in space on the covering quality in the prior art; straw cutting The structure of the roller and the gap between the straw material box can be adjusted, so that the amount of straw coverage can be adjusted and the coverage can be uniform; The stability of the soil and the flexibility of the thickness of the covering soil; the soil leveling device improves the stability and uniformity of the covering soil operation.

reference sign

1. Cab 2. Straw bin 3. Fixed pulley 4. Corner column 5. Curved baffle 6. Wire rope 7. Feed trough 8. Frame 9. Soil lifting device 10. Soil covering mechanism 11. Soil leveling device 12. Soil collecting box 13. Soil leveling screw 14. Chain Ⅱ 15. Ground wheel 16. Chain Ⅰ 17. Hydraulic motor Ⅰ 18. Soil guide groove 19. Chain Ⅳ 20. Spiral soil divider 21. Parallel four-bar linkage mechanism 22. Chain Ⅲ 23. Hydraulic motor Ⅱ 24. Cylinder pulley 25. Lifting cylinder 26. Hydraulic tilting cylinder 27. Frame 28. Gear box 29. Track chassis 30. Engine 31. Hydraulic oil tank 32. Hydraulic pump 33. Soil splitting screw 34 .Screw divider adjustment device 35.Screw 36.Handle 37.Bearing seat 38.Unloading roller 39.Screw teeth 40.Straw outlet 41 Spiral blade 42.Shovel 42-1.Arc-shaped back plate 42-2 Rib plate 42-3. Lower ear plate 42-4. Shovel plate 42-5. Plow shovel 42-6. Shovel support 42-7. Upper ear plate 43. Soil discharge port.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a structure diagram on the left side of a double-helix soil-covering orchard straw mulching machine

Figure 2 is a structure diagram on the right side of a double-helix soil-covering orchard straw mulching machine

Figure 3 is a structural diagram of the left rear side of the walking vehicle of a double-helix soil-covering orchard straw mulching machine

Figure 4 is a structural diagram of the left front of the soil covering device of a double-helix soil-covering orchard straw covering machine

Figure 5 is a top left structural diagram of the soil covering device of a double-helix soil covering orchard straw covering machine

Figure 6 is a structural diagram of the bottom left of the soil covering device of a double-helix soil-covering orchard straw covering machine

Figure 7 is a structural diagram of the unloading roller of a double-helix soil-covering orchard straw mulching machine

Figure 8 is a front view of the spiral soil divider of a double-screw soil-covering orchard straw mulching machine

Implementation

In this embodiment, the mechanized operation of straw covering is carried out in an apple orchard with short stock. The distance between rows of apple orchards on short stock is 3.5m to 4.5m, and the tree shape and crown are neat.

Straw mulching in intensively cultivated short stock apple orchards needs to be completed according to the following process steps:

(1) Straw crushing: processing crop straw into straw fragments;

(2) Orchard straw mulching substrate preparation: Add appropriate amount of soil nutrients or soil structure improvement substances to the straw fragments described in step (1), and perform appropriate insecticide and sterilization treatments as required to form orchard straw mulch matrix.

(3) Orchard soil tillage: Use agricultural machinery to loosen, crush and level the soil between the rows of the orchard.

(4) Straw mulching: The straw (broken pieces) matrix described in step (1) or step (2) is mechanically covered on the soil surface between rows or plants in the orchard, and the covering thickness is as uniform as possible.

(5) Covering with thin soil: Use a machine to cover a layer of crushed soil above the covered straw layer in step (4), and cover the covered straw layer with thin soil to form a double-layer covering of straw and surface soil.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a double-helix soil-covering orchard straw mulching machine is characterized in that a vehicle frame 27 is fixed above the crawler chassis 29, and a cab 1, an engine 30, and a gearbox are installed in front of the upper part of the vehicle frame 27. 28. Hydraulic oil tank 31 and hydraulic pump 32. Straw material box 2 is installed behind the upper part of vehicle frame 27. The rear end of straw material box 2 is hinged with vehicle frame 27; two hydraulic tilting cylinders 26 are installed on the beam of vehicle frame 27 , its lower end is hinged with vehicle frame 27, and its upper end is hinged with straw hopper 2 bottom;

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the basket of the straw material bin 2 has two layers, and the upper basket plates on both sides and the rear are hinged to the lower floor, are detachable, and can be flipped and suspended.

As shown in Figure 3 , a blanking roller 38 is horizontally installed at the rear lower corner of the straw hopper 2, and the gap between the blanking roller 38 and the bottom of the straw hopper 2 is adjustable; the outer side of the blanking roller 38 is blocked by an arc. The plate 5 wraps; the bottom opening of the arc-shaped baffle 5 is a straw discharge port 40 , and a backward and downward discharge trough 7 is installed below the straw discharge port 40 .

As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , behind the crawler chassis 29 and the straw bin 2 is a soil covering mechanism 10 .

As shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, the described soil covering mechanism 10 includes a screw soil distributor 20, a soil lifting device 9, a soil leveling device 11, a screw soil distributor adjustment device 34, a frame 8, a ground wheel 15, a parallel Four-bar linkage mechanism 21, steel wire rope 6, lifting oil cylinder 25.

As shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, the auger soil divider 20 is a screw device, which moves the soil axially to both sides, and includes a soil-distributing screw 33 and a soil-taking shovel 42; the soil-distributing screw 33 is that a helical blade 41 is welded on a through shaft, and the helical blade 41 is a boundary from the middle of the shaft, and is divided into left and right sections and arranged symmetrically, and the helical blades 41 on the left and right sides have opposite directions of rotation and intersect in the middle of the shaft.

As shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, described shovel 42 contains a curved backboard 42-1, and the rear part of curved backboard 42-1 is welded with a plurality of ribs 42-2, and the ribs 42-2 Ear plate 42-3 is arranged on; The lower front end of arc back plate 42-1 is shovel plate 42-4, and the front portion of shovel plate 42-4 has multiple plow shovels 42-5, and multiple plow shovels 42-5 are in The front ends of the shovel plates 42-4 are evenly arranged to form a tooth-like structure; behind the lower part of the arc-shaped back plate 42-1 is a shovel support 42-6, and the shovel support 42-6 is connected with the shovel plate 42-4.

As shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, the described shovel 42 is hingedly suspended on the crossbeam of the frame 8 through the upper two lugs 42-3, and the lower two lugs 42-3 are connected with screw rods 35, The top of the screw rod 35 is threadedly connected with the frame 8; the top of the screw rod has a handle 36 for rotating the screw rod 35 to adjust the posture and depth of the earth taking shovel 42.

As shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, the described screw soil divider 20 is laterally symmetrically arranged, and the axial direction of the soil divider screw 33 is parallel to the length direction of the soil taking shovel 42 and both are installed symmetrically; the soil taking shovel 42 The arc-shaped back plate 42-1 forms a certain arc wrap angle with the soil-distributing screw 33, and the edge of the spiral blade 41 maintains a certain distance from the inside of the arc-shaped back plate 42-1.

As shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 8, the length of the spiral blade 41 is not less than the length of the arc back plate 42-1; .

As shown in Figures 1 and 4, the two ends of the spiral soil divider 20 are spaced back and forth with the soil lifting device 9;

As shown in Figure 1, the described soil lifting device 9 is symmetrically fixed on both sides of the frame 8, its front part is connected with the two ends of the screw soil divider 20, and its rear part rises to meet the set of the soil leveling device 11. The two ends of soil box 12 are connected up and down.

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 4, described soil lifting device 9 can adopt scraper conveyor or screw conveyor, adopts scraper conveyor in the present embodiment; The front end of soil lifting device 9 has guide soil groove 18, guides The soil trough 18 is in the shape of "eight", wide at the front and narrow at the rear. The front end and the two ends of the screw soil divider 20 are sequentially connected in space, and the soil at the two ends of the spiral soil divider 20 is scooped up, gathered, and introduced into the soil lifting device. 9 inside.

As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, the described soil leveling device 11 is fixedly installed on the rear portion of the frame 8, and the soil collecting box 12 of the soil leveling device 11 is a U-shaped groove structure, which is symmetrically arranged in the transverse direction. The bottom has a strip-shaped soil discharge port 43, and a soil leveling screw 13 is installed inside it, and the spiral blades 41 on the left and right sides of the soil leveling screw 13 rotate in opposite directions.

As shown in FIG. 5 , the helical blade 41 may be a common helical blade, or a helical annular belt or a discontinuous helical blade; in this embodiment, the helical blade 41 is a helical annular belt.

As shown in Figure 1, the lower edge of the chute 7 is above the frame 8, behind the screw soil divider 20, in front of the soil collecting box 12, and just in the gap between the beams of the frame 8 .

As shown in Figure 1, a pair of parallel four-bar linkages 21 are hinged on both sides of the rear end of the vehicle frame 27, and the rear end of the parallel four-bar linkage 21 is hinged to the front beam of the frame 8; There are two steel wire ropes 6 on both sides of the upper part, which are pulled from both sides around the fixed pulley 3 fixed on the straw material box 2, and the other end of the steel wire rope 6 is connected to the lifting cylinder 25 through the oil cylinder pulley 24; on both sides of the frame, Ground wheels 15 are installed respectively.

As shown in Figure 1, the described soil-covering mechanism 10 can be landed on the ground during the orchard straw covering operation, and can be raised when the orchard straw covering machine is turning around or driving on the road; the described soil covering mechanism 10 can also be used during the orchard straw covering operation It can be lifted without working, that is, it does not work when the thin soil cover pressure is not needed; when the thin soil cover pressure is not needed for a long time, the soil covering mechanism 10 can be unloaded.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the double-helix soil-covering orchard straw mulching machine is characterized in that the output power of the engine 30 is shifted by the gearbox 28 to drive the mulching machine and the hydraulic pump 32 respectively; The output oil pipe of the hydraulic pump 32 is connected with the hydraulic motor I17 fixed on the frame 8 and the hydraulic motor II23 fixed on the frame respectively; Soil device 9; the output power of hydraulic motor II 23 drives the unloading roller 38 through chain III 22; a speed regulating valve is arranged in the middle of the oil pipe connecting the output oil pipe of hydraulic pump 32 with hydraulic motor I17.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the power of the auger soil divider 20 can be taken from the hydraulic motor I17 through the chain IV19, or can be directly driven by an additional hydraulic motor.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the double-helix soil-covering orchard straw mulching machine is characterized in that the two ends of the unloading roller 38 are fixed on the rear part of the straw bin 2 through the bearing housing 37. On the corner column 4, the position of the bearing seat 37 on the corner column 4 can be adjusted up and down, and then adjust the gap between the lower edge of the blanking roller 38 and the bottom of the straw hopper 2.

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 5, the double-helix soil-covering orchard straw mulching machine is characterized in that the output speeds of the hydraulic motor I17 and the hydraulic motor II23 are adjustable.

As shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 7, and Fig. 8, the double-helix soil-covering orchard straw mulching machine is characterized in that the unloading roller 38 is a toothed roller-shaped structure, and there are many holes fixed on the surface of the round roller. There are 39 rows of nail teeth, and each row of nail teeth is arranged in a staggered manner; the nail teeth are triangular teeth or conical teeth. In the present embodiment, the nail teeth are triangular tooth pieces.

As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the double-helix soil-covering orchard straw mulching machine is characterized in that the straw material box 2 can carry at least the amount of straw covering 1 mu of orchard; The soil collecting box 12 can at least carry the covering soil amount that the covering machine travels 1m under the condition that the soil lifting device 9 does not feed.

The double-helix soil-covering orchard straw mulching machine is characterized in that the orchard straw mulching machine can evenly cover the straw, or straw substrate, or fertilizer between the rows of the orchard, and press the covering layer with thin soil ; Suitable for orchards in arid and semi-arid areas or seasonally dry areas, especially suitable for intensive cultivation of dwarf orchards, such as apple orchards with short stock; also suitable for soil improvement and fertility in farmland, desert, and barren land.

Further explain the working principle of a double-helix soil-covering type orchard straw mulching machine of the present invention:

A double-helix soil-covering orchard straw mulching machine described in the present invention can complete the steps of orchard straw mulching and thin soil covering. The specific process and working principle are expressed as follows:

During the orchard straw mulching operation, the mulching machine advances at a constant speed between the orchard rows. The straw hopper is tilted backwards, and under the action of the unloading roller, it flows out through the unloading trough, covering the straw and other materials on the ground. At the same time, the spiral soil divider in the soil covering mechanism distributes the soil to both sides of the orchard rows, and the soil guide grooves behind the two sides of the spiral soil divider gather the soil, scoop it up, and introduce it into the soil lifting device, after lifting and transporting, The soil falls into both ends of the soil collecting box of the leveling device. The soil leveling screw pushes the soil at both ends to the middle of the soil collecting box. During the pushing process, the soil falls from the discharge port at the bottom of the soil collecting box and spreads evenly on the straw material covering layer.

The following 3 points need special explanation:

1. A double-screw soil-covering orchard straw mulching machine of the present invention adopts the soil removal and shoveling in front of the spiral soil divider, the soil lifting device conveys on both sides, and the technical scheme of covering the soil behind the soil collection box is different from the existing patented technology. It solves the problem that soil and straw form a cross collision in space, which greatly reduces the uniformity of coverage and the layering effect of double-layer coverage, so that the straw coverage layer and thin soil cover layer can be laid evenly and flatly.

2. A double-helix soil-covering orchard straw mulching machine of the present invention is not only suitable for low stock apple orchards, but also suitable for other orchards or lands that require moisture conservation and water conservation in arid and semi-arid areas or seasonally arid areas, or that require Other orchards or lands that increase soil organic matter content, improve soil quality and soil biological microenvironment, or other orchards or lands that need to suppress weeds in orchards, or other orchards or lands that require soil insulation, or other orchards that combine the above-mentioned needs or land.

3. In order to clearly illustrate the technical solution, the specification and drawings of the present invention give some details of the technical solution, and these details do not limit the claims of the present invention. Any deformation or modification made to these details shall not go beyond the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of double helix earthing formula orchard straw covering machine, which is characterized in that crawler body（29）It is fixedly arranged above vehicle frame （27）, vehicle frame（27）Upper front is equipped with driver's cabin（1）, engine（30）, gearbox（28）, hydraulic oil container（31）And hydraulic pump （32）, vehicle frame（27）Upper back is equipped with stalk hopper（2）, stalk hopper（2）Rear end bottom and vehicle frame（27）It is hinged；Vehicle Frame（27）Crossbeam at least one hydraulic pressure dump cylinder is installed（26）, lower end and vehicle frame（27）It is hinged, the upper end and straw Stalk hopper（2）Bottom is hinged；Stalk hopper（2）It can be in hydraulic pressure dump cylinder（26）Under the action of after dumping material；

Stalk hopper（2）Bicycle basket have two layers, both sides, the upper layer bicycle basket plate at rear portion and lower layer are hinged, detachably, may be reversed outstanding It hangs；

Stalk hopper（2）Internal posterior angle is transversely mounted a material blanking roller（38）, material blanking roller（38）With stalk hopper（2）Bottom Gap is adjustable；Material blanking roller（38）By stalk hopper（2）Rear outside is by a curved baffle（5）Package；Curved baffle（5）Bottom Portion's opening is stalk discharge port（40）, stalk discharge port（40）Lower section installation there are one downward blanking grooves backward（7）；

Crawler body（29）With stalk hopper（2）Rear be casing mechanism（10）；

Casing mechanism（10）Including spiral soil distributing apparatus（20）, carry native device（9）, even native device（11）, spiral soil distributing apparatus adjustment dress It sets（34）, rack（8）, land wheel（15）, parallel four-bar linkage（21）, steel wire rope（6）, lifting cylinder（25）；

Spiral soil distributing apparatus（20）It is a screw, soil is stirred to both sides in an axial direction, including a point of native spiral（33） And soil taking shovel（42）；Divide native spiral（33）It is to be welded with helical blade on an axis（41）, helical blade（41）From axis Between for boundary, be divided to or so two sections to be arranged symmetrically, the helical blade of the right and left（41）It is oppositely oriented, and in the intermediate intersection of axis；

Soil taking shovel（42）Containing there are one arc backboards（42-1）, arc backboard（42-1）Rear portion is welded with multiple gussets（42-2）, Gusset（42-2）On have lower ear plate（42-3）And upper ear plate（42-7）；Arc backboard（42-1）Lower front part be shovel board（42- 4）, shovel board（42-4）Front there are multiple ploughs to shovel（42-5）, multiple plough shovels（42-5）In shovel board（42-4）Front end is evenly distributed, structure At dentalation；Arc backboard（42-1）Lower part rear be shovel support（42-6）, shovel support（42-6）With shovel board（42-4）Connect；

Soil taking shovel（42）Pass through the upper ear plate on top（42-7）Hingedly it is suspended on rack（8）Crossbeam on, the lower ear plate of lower part two （42-3）On be connected with screw rod（35）, screw rod（35）Top and rack（8）It is threadedly coupled；There is handle at the top of screw rod（36）, use In rotary screw（35）, adjust soil taking shovel（42）Posture and embedded depth；

Spiral soil distributing apparatus（20）Lateral symmetry arrangement, point native spiral（33）Axial direction and soil taking shovel（42）Length direction it is parallel and The two is symmetrically installed；Soil taking shovel（42）Arc backboard（42-1）With a point native spiral（33）Constitute certain arc wrap angle, spiral Blade（41）Edge and arc backboard（42-1）Inside keeps certain spacing；

Helical blade（41）Length be not less than arc backboard（42-1）Length；Soil taking shovel（42）Arc backboard（42-1）Two Side opens

Spiral soil distributing apparatus（20）Both ends and carry native device（9）It is spatially front and back to connect；

Carry native device（9）Symmetrically it is fixed on rack（8）Both sides, front and spiral soil distributing apparatus（20）Both ends connect, thereafter Portion rises, with even native device（11）Collection soil case（12）Both ends spatially up and down linking；

Carry native device（9）Using drag conveyor or screw conveyor；Carry native device（9）Front end lead soil box（18）, lead soil Slot（18）It is front wide and rear narrow for "eight" shape, front end and spiral soil distributing apparatus（20）Both ends it is spatially connected in order, by spiral Soil distributing apparatus（20）The soil for being allocated to both ends scoops up, gathers, and importing carries native device（9）It is internal；

Even soil device（11）It is fixedly mounted on rack（8）Rear portion, it is even soil device（11）Collection soil case（12）It is a U-type groove knot Structure, lateral symmetry arrangement, bottom are provided with the soil-discharging port of strip（43）, there are one even native spirals for internal installation（13）, even Native spiral（13）The right and left helical blade（41）It is oppositely oriented；

The helical blade（41）It is normal spiral blade or helical ring band or uncontinuous spiral blade；

Blanking groove（7）Lower edge be in rack（8）Top, spiral soil distributing apparatus（20）Rear, collect native case（12）Front, and And just in rack（8）At neutral gear between crossbeam；

Vehicle frame（27）The articulated a pair of parallel four-bar mechanism in both sides of rear end（21）, parallel four-bar linkage（21）Rear end hinge Then rack（8）Front end cross beam；Rack（8）Rear portion both sides have two steel wire ropes respectively（6）Around being fixed on stalk hopper （2）On fixed pulley（3）It is pulled from both sides, steel wire rope（6）The other end cross oil cylinder pulley（24）With lifting cylinder（25）It is connected； In the both sides of rack, it is separately installed with land wheel（15）；

The casing mechanism（10）It can land on the ground when improving straw mulching operation in orchard, in orchard, straw covering machine turns around Or it can be risen in road driving；The casing mechanism（10）It can also rise when improving straw mulching operation in orchard and not work, I.e. in the case where not needing thin soil lid pressure, do not work；It, can be by casing mechanism when not needing thin soil lid pressure for a long time（10）It unloads Fall.

2. a kind of double helix earthing formula orchard straw covering machine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described starts Machine（30）Power is exported through gearbox（28）The walking of covering machine and hydraulic pump are respectively driven after speed change（32）；Hydraulic pump（32）It is defeated Flowline respectively be fixed on rack（8）On hydraulic motor I（17）With the hydraulic motor II being fixed on vehicle frame（23）It is connected； Hydraulic motor I（17）Power is exported through chain I（16）Drive even native spiral（13）, and through chain II（14）Driving carries native device （9）；Hydraulic motor II（23）Power is exported through chain III（22）Drive material blanking roller（38）；Hydraulic pump（32）Output oil pipe and hydraulic pressure Motor I（17）There are one speed governing valves for setting among connected oil pipe；

Spiral soil distributing apparatus（20）Power can pass through chain IV（19）It is derived from hydraulic motor I（17）, in addition a liquid can be also set Pressure motor directly drives.

3. a kind of double helix earthing formula orchard straw covering machine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the blanking Roller（38）Both ends pass through bearing block（37）It is fixed on stalk hopper（2）The corner column at rear portion（4）On, bearing block（37）On side Corner post（4）On position can adjust up and down, and then adjust material blanking roller（38）Lower edge and stalk hopper（2）The gap of bottom.

4. a kind of double helix earthing formula orchard straw covering machine according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the hydraulic pressure Motor I（17）With hydraulic motor II（23）Output rotating speed it is adjustable.

5. a kind of double helix earthing formula orchard straw covering machine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the blanking Roller（38）It is discaling roll shape structure, multiple rows of spike-tooth is fixed on round roller surface（39）, it is staggered per nail tooth；Spike-tooth is rake tooth Piece or conical tooth.

6. a kind of double helix earthing formula orchard straw covering machine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the stalk Hopper（2）The covering inventory in 1 mu of orchard of covering can at least be carried；The collection soil case（12）Carrying native device（9）It is not fed In the case of, it can at least carry the earthing amount of covering machine traveling 1m.

7. a kind of double helix earthing formula orchard straw covering machine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the orchard Straw covering machine can by stalk or straw substrate or fertilizer uniform fold orchard in the ranks, and by coating thin soil lid pressure； Suitable for Arid＆semi-arid area or seasonal drought area orchard；It is also applied for farmland, desert, barren soil soil property change Good, culture fertility.