CN107646245B - Orchard manure curve ditching fertilizer distributor - Google Patents
Orchard manure curve ditching fertilizer distributor Download PDFInfo
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- CN107646245B CN107646245B CN201711099755.1A CN201711099755A CN107646245B CN 107646245 B CN107646245 B CN 107646245B CN 201711099755 A CN201711099755 A CN 201711099755A CN 107646245 B CN107646245 B CN 107646245B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C3/00—Treating manure; Manuring
- A01C3/06—Manure distributors, e.g. dung distributors
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/002—Apparatus for sowing fertiliser; Fertiliser drill
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/062—Devices for making drills or furrows
- A01C5/064—Devices for making drills or furrows with rotating tools
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/066—Devices for covering drills or furrows
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizing (AREA)
Abstract
A method for ditching and fertilizing by using an orchard stable manure curve and a fertilizer applicator relate to the field of fertilizer application machinery. Composting livestock manure, modulating nutrients and water, opening a circular curve groove around the root system of the fruit tree by a ditching fertilizer applicator, applying the manure to the groove, and then performing earthing and compacting operations. The fertilizer applicator mainly comprises a vehicle body, a feed box, a forced fertilizer feeding device, a ditching and fertilizing mechanism and a trunk positioning and controlling system. The disclosed method and fertilizer applicator are suitable for mechanized manure fertilization operation in orchards, on one hand, fertilizer is applied to the depth of the distribution of the root system of the fruit tree, which is favorable for exerting fertilizer efficiency, on the other hand, the distance between the fertilization ditch and the trunk is ensured by the curve ditch, so that the expansion of the root system can be guided, and the damage of the machine to the root system can be reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses an orchard manure curve ditching fertilizer applicator, and relates to the field of fertilizer application machinery, in particular to the field of orchard fertilizer application machinery.
Background
Manure is an organic fertilizer that is very beneficial to crops. The organic fertilizer features high content of comprehensive nutrients, and contains N, P, K, ca, mg, S, fe, trace elements and other nutrients essential for plant growth. However, as the nutrient elements are mainly in the state of organic compounds, the fruit trees cannot directly absorb and utilize the nutrient elements, so that the chemical and physical effects in the soil and the fermentation and decomposition effects of microorganisms are firstly treated to gradually release the nutrients, and the fertilizer efficiency of the agricultural fertilizer is long and stable. Therefore, the stable manure has the effects of improving the organic matter content of the orchard soil and improving the physicochemical properties of the orchard soil. Particularly, the fertilization method also has an effect on the absorption of the nutrition of the fruit trees, the traditional fertilization mode is to open straight fertilization ditches among rows, and the root system of the fruit trees is far away from fertilization points, so that the fertilizer efficiency is low. The curve ditch ensures the distance between the fertilization ditch and the trunk, so that the expansion of the root system can be guided, and the root system can be prevented from being damaged. And compared with the straight line ditch, the curve ditch is more suitable for absorbing nutrients by the root system of the fruit tree.
However, at present, the trees mainly comprise 90% of the tree-like apples with the arbor, the spherical crown shape is not suitable for mechanical operation, the mechanical fertilization of the orchard manure is difficult, and the technique for ditching and fertilizing the orchard manure curve is not easy to realize.
Under the background of the adjustment of the Chinese agricultural industry structure, the importance of orchard mechanization is more and more obvious. The technology for planting apples planted in short stock and wide row densely in European and American countries is introduced greatly in China, and has become a part of the large-scale and industrialization directions in dominant apple producing areas such as Weibei upland lands, and the orchard basically has the basic condition for implementing large-scale mechanical operation by adopting standardized standard orchard establishment and wide row and narrow distance.
In the field of ditching and fertilizing machines, a great deal of research is carried out in China, but the problems still exist, such as the research and development of ditching machines are disjointed with agricultural production, the requirements of agricultural production cannot be really met, the universality is poor, the utilization rate is low, and the like. In 2014, the 1FK-40 type offset orchard ditching fertilizer distributor developed by agricultural mechanization research institute of Xinjiang academy of agricultural science utilizes a double-disc ditcher, and the double-disc type orchard ditching fertilizer distributor has the advantages of simple structure, high efficiency and low cost, and can be used for ditching and fertilizing in the orchard and ditching and fertilizing in the barren lands and farmlands due to the fact that the ditching parts are offset inwards, and possible damage to crowns during ditching is reduced. But the structure is tedious and heavy, the manufacturing process is strict, and the machine can only carry out the straight line ditching fertilization operation, and the fertilization ditch is far away from the root system of the fruit tree, thereby being unfavorable for the absorption of the fertilizer efficiency by the fruit tree. The cone spiral or the cylindrical spiral is used as a main working part of the spiral ditcher, and the cone spiral or the cylindrical spiral is a plurality of representative machine types, such as A1 KL-100 type vertical spiral ditcher, which is developed by the northeast agricultural university Han Yongjun in 2000, has flat ditching walls, less residual soil and good performance, but is large in stress and easy to wear, high in processing requirement of the blade, inconvenient to replace parts and the like, is large in size, cannot be suitable for curve ditching operation of an orchard and cannot perform fertilization operation, related research is also performed on curve ditching abroad, but has single function, such as the requirement of the curve ditching operation of the orchard, such as CLE-21A-01-A15 type orchard plant-to be produced by INDUSTRIAS DAVID S.L.U company, can not integrally complete ditching and fertilization operation, so that the fertilization operation is complicated, the ground entering times of the machine is increased, and the soil compaction is caused.
Therefore, the research of the mechanical fertilizing technology of the orchard manure, in particular to the curve ditching fertilizing technology of the orchard manure and the development of matched machines are key to the development of the mechanical fertilizing benefit of the orchard manure, are also important ways for realizing the efficient utilization of agricultural fertilizer resources in the high-added-value fruit industry, and are important guarantees for improving the organic matter content of soil, improving the physicochemical properties of the soil and realizing the high yield of the orchard.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is that: discloses a ditch-digging fertilizer applicator for an orchard manure curve, which can realize mechanization and high efficiency of manure fertilization operation of the orchard. Promote popularization and application of orchard manure curve ditching and fertilizing technology, reduce orchard manure fertilizing operation cost, improve orchard soil conditions, promote large-scale efficient utilization of peripheral agricultural fertilizers of the orchard, and realize farmer income increase and agricultural efficiency increase.
The invention aims to solve the technical problems: 1) How to overcome the defect that the fertilizer efficiency is reduced due to mismatching of a linear ditch and a tree disk root system in ditching and fertilizing and realize ditching, fertilizing and earthing integration; 2) How to convey the stable manure with poor fluidity into the fertilizing ditch.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for fertilizing manure in an orchard by curve ditching, wherein manure is applied mechanically to an arc-shaped area around a root system 36 of a fruit tree, and soil covering and compacting are performed on the fertilizing ditch, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) Preparing stable manure: before a ditching fertilizer applicator, fertilizer is prepared according to the soil condition of an orchard, and soil nutrients and soil improvement substances are added to prepare nutrients;
(2) Curve ditching: according to the agronomic condition of fruit tree planting, the ditching fertilizer applicator linearly walks among fruit tree rows, the ditching interval of both sides and interval of ditching device 9 and trunk 37 are adjusted, the position of the tree root is determined through trunk positioning and control system 35, when trunk 37 is not detected by trunk positioning and control system 35, ditching device 9 linearly ditches along the side edge of the tree row, a linear ditch 39 is formed, the ditching line is parallel to the line between fruit tree plants and keeps a certain distance, when trunk positioning and control system 35 detects that the distance from the central point of ditching device 9 to trunk 37 reaches a certain value, the movement track of ditching device 9 becomes a curve under the control of trunk positioning and control system 35, curve ditching is conducted around the root 36 of the fruit tree, curve ditching 38 takes trunk 37 as the center of a circle, the radius value is determined but can be adjustable within a certain range, when the ditching device 9 moves between two tree plants, the ditching track is controlled by trunk positioning and control system 35 to be changed into a linear track ditching again, the next tree is close to the tree, and the continuous curve ditching 38 and linear ditch 39 are alternately formed in a circulation mode; the soil collecting operation is synchronously carried out when the ditching device 9 ditches;
(3) Depth adjustment: the ditching depth is regulated by a mechanical device, the step can be synchronously carried out with the step (2), the ditching depth is regulated in time according to different distribution depths of root systems 36 of fruit trees, and a reasonable fertilization position is determined;
(4) And (3) fertilization: the ditching fertilizer applicator conveys the stable manure in the step (1) from a feed box through a forced fertilizer conveying device 11 to a ditch formed in the step (2) at the rear part of the ditching device 9 through a fertilizer pipe;
(5) Earthing and compacting: after the stable manure is applied into the groove, covering soil on the groove formed in the step (2) by the soil covering and compacting device, and then mechanically compacting;
the method is a ditching and fertilizing operation method aiming at stable manure, and the step (1) can be omitted for other types of fertilizers; the steps (2), (4) and (5) are synchronously operated; when the method is used for working, the two sides of the same row of the fruit trees can be simultaneously worked, and the single side can also be singly worked.
The method is not limited to the manure of step (1); the steps (2) to (4) are applicable to the stable manure in the step (1) with poor fluidity and are also applicable to commercial organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers.
The soil used in the step (5) is soil taken in the step (2) in the mechanized fertilization process of the orchard manure.
And (2) when curve ditching and fertilization are not needed, only linear ditching and fertilization can be carried out, but the connecting line between the ditching line and the fruit tree plant is kept at a reasonable distance so as not to damage the main root system of the fruit tree.
The mechanical fertilizing method for the orchard stable manure is suitable for orchard ditching and fertilizing operation, but is not limited to the orchard.
The orchard manure curve ditching and fertilizing machine is characterized in that a cab 1, an engine 15 and a hydraulic pump 16 are arranged in front of a vehicle body 14, trunk positioning and controlling systems 35 are respectively arranged on two sides of the vehicle body 14, a feed box 2 is arranged at the rear part above the vehicle body 14, and the bottom end of the rear part of the feed box 2 is hinged with the vehicle body 14; the beam of the vehicle body 14 is provided with a hydraulic overturning oil cylinder 13, the lower end of the hydraulic overturning oil cylinder is hinged with the vehicle body 14, and the upper end of the hydraulic overturning oil cylinder is hinged with the bottom of the feed box 2; the feed box 2 can be turned over and unloaded after being acted by the hydraulic overturning oil cylinder 13; the lower rear corner inside the feed box 2 is transversely provided with a blanking roller 27, and the part of the blanking roller 27 outside the feed box 2 is wrapped by an arc baffle 12.
The transverse gap between the blanking roller 27 and the bottom surface of the bin 2 is a discharge hole 30, the rear part of the discharge hole 30 is provided with a forced fertilizer feeding device 11, two blanking grooves 29 of the forced fertilizer feeding device 11 are arranged below the rear part of the bin 2, a hydraulic motor I28 is arranged at the bottom in front of each blanking groove 29, a conveying screw 31 is arranged in the middle of the blanking groove 29 along the material flow direction, the conveying screw 31 penetrates through the bottom of the inclined blanking groove 29, one end of the conveying screw 31 is connected with the hydraulic motor I28, and the other end of the conveying screw extends to penetrate into a fertilizer outlet 10 of the blanking groove 29; the fertilizer outlet 10 is connected with a fertilizer inlet 33 of the fertilizer pipe 8 through a pipe joint; the pipeline connecting the fertilizing pipe 8 and the fertilizer outlet 10 is a corrugated pipe, the corrugated pipe is distributed according to the shortest distance, the least elbow and the greatest elbow when the pipeline is arranged, and the plastic liner pipe is arranged in the corrugated pipe, so that the plastic liner pipe is required to be wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, smooth in inner wall, light in weight and easy to disassemble and clean, and the inner diameter of the pipeline of the plastic liner pipe is 8-12 cm.
The rear parts of the vehicle body 14 and the feed box 2 are provided with a ditching and fertilizing mechanism 34; the ditching and fertilizing mechanism 34 is connected with the vehicle body 14 through the lifting mechanism 3.
The ditching and fertilizing mechanism 34 comprises a frame 6, a horizontal hydraulic cylinder 32, a depth control device 5, a ditching device 9, a fertilizing pipe 8 and a compacting device 7.
Two horizontal hydraulic cylinders 32 are arranged above the front part of the frame 6 and are symmetrically distributed along the advancing direction perpendicular to the machine body, and the extending arms of the horizontal hydraulic cylinders 32 are just connected with the depth control device 5; the telescopic movement of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder 32 and the forward movement of the machine body are combined into the curve movement of the ditching device 9, so that the ditching and fertilization can be performed around the root system 36 of the fruit tree in a curve manner; when the extension of the horizontal cylinder 32 is unchanged, the ditching device 9 can make a straight ditch 39.
The depth control device 5 comprises a vertical guide plate 4 and a vertical hydraulic cylinder 17; the vertical hydraulic cylinder 17 is fixed on the outer side of the vertical guide plate 4, the lower end of the extending arm of the vertical hydraulic cylinder 17 is just connected with the ditching device 9, and the vertical hydraulic cylinder 17 realizes the movement of the ditching device 9 along the vertical direction, so that the ditching depth of the ditching device 9 is controlled.
The ditching device 9 comprises a fixing frame 19, a hydraulic motor II18, a spiral ditching cutter 21 and a soil collecting box 20; the fixed frame 19 is just connected with an extending arm of the vertical hydraulic cylinder 17, a hydraulic motor II18 is arranged at the upper end of the fixed frame 19, a soil collecting box 20 is arranged at the lower end of the fixed frame 19, the hydraulic motor II18 is connected with a spiral ditching knife 21, the spiral ditching knife 21 ditches, breaks up and lifts soil under the drive of the hydraulic motor II18, and the soil is lifted to the soil collecting box 20 and then directionally spread in a groove at the rear part of the spiral ditching knife 21, and the rear part of an outlet of the fertilizing pipe 8; the fertilizer pipe 8 is positioned behind the spiral ditching knife 21, and fertilizer is forcedly discharged into a groove behind the spiral ditching knife 21 through the fertilizer pipe 8; the rear end of the soil collecting box 20 is provided with a soil unloading opening 22, and soil falls back to the groove through the soil unloading opening 22 to cover fertilizer.
The compacting device 7 is positioned behind the frame 6 and comprises a telescopic hydraulic cylinder 26, a swing arm 25, a compacting roller 24 and a roller frame 23, which are symmetrically arranged; the upper end of the swing arm 25 is hinged with the frame 6, the lower end is in pin shaft connection with the roller frame 23, the roller frame 23 is suspended with the compacting roller 24, and the roller frame 23 and the compacting roller 24 are spatially positioned behind the ditching device 9; the upper end of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 26 is hinged with the frame 6, and the extending arm end of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder is connected with the swing arm 25 through a pin shaft.
The ditching and fertilizing mechanism 34 can drop on the ground surface when the orchard is subjected to fertilizing operation through the action of the lifting mechanism 3, and can be lifted when the orchard is driven on a road or the orchard is subjected to turning around.
The engine 15 drives the hydraulic pump 16, and an output oil pipe of the hydraulic pump 16 is respectively connected with a hydraulic motor I28 at the bottom in front of the blanking groove 29 and a hydraulic motor II18 on the fixing frame 19; a speed regulating valve is arranged between the output oil pipe of the hydraulic pump 16 and the hydraulic motors I28 and II 18.
The output rotation speeds of the hydraulic motor I28 and the hydraulic motor II18 are adjustable.
The trunk positioning and controlling system 35 respectively positions trunks 37 at two sides and respectively controls the ditching devices 9 at two sides.
A ditch digging fertilizer applicator for orchard manure curve has the following working principle:
when the orchard stable curve ditching and fertilizing machine disclosed by the invention is used for carrying out orchard stable curve ditching and fertilizing operation, stable manure in a material box reaches a discharge hole under the action of a hydraulic overturning oil cylinder and a blanking roller, a forced fertilizer feeding device is arranged behind the discharge hole, a hydraulic motor drives a conveying screw to rotate, and the stable manure enters a corrugated pipe under the forced conveying of the conveying screw and reaches a fertilizing pipe through the corrugated pipe.
Two horizontal hydraulic cylinders are arranged above the front part of the frame and are symmetrically distributed along the direction perpendicular to the advancing direction of the machine body, the telescopic movement of the horizontal hydraulic cylinders and the advancing movement of the machine body are combined into the curve movement of the ditching device, and when the extending amount of the horizontal hydraulic cylinders is unchanged, the ditching device can open a straight line ditch when the annular ditching fertilization is carried out around the root system of the fruit tree.
The vertical hydraulic cylinder of the depth control device stretches out the lower end of the arm and just connects with the ditching device, and the vertical hydraulic cylinder realizes the movement of the ditching device along the vertical direction, thereby controlling the ditching depth of the ditching device.
The fixed frame of the ditching device is just connected with the extending arm of the vertical hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic motor is arranged on the fixed frame and connected with the spiral ditching knife, the spiral ditching knife plays the roles of ditching, soil crushing and soil lifting under the drive of the hydraulic motor, soil is lifted to the soil collecting box, the soil collecting box is positioned below the fixed frame, a rotatable loose connection is used at the connection position between the soil collecting box and the fixed frame, the role of the loose connection is to vertically fix the soil collecting box on one hand, and the soil collecting box can swing in the process of curvilinear motion on the other hand so as to obtain better ditching fertilization and soil covering effects, the fertilizing pipe is arranged at the lower part of the soil collecting box and positioned behind the spiral ditching knife, fertilizer is discharged into a groove opened by the spiral ditching knife through the fertilizing pipe, the rear end of the soil collecting box is a soil unloading opening, and the soil in the soil collecting box falls back to the groove through the soil unloading opening to cover the fertilizer.
The upper end of a swing arm of the compacting device is hinged with the frame, the lower end of the swing arm is connected with a roller frame through a pin shaft, a compacting roller is hung on the roller frame, the roller frame and the compacting roller are spatially positioned behind the ditching device, the upper end of a telescopic hydraulic cylinder is hinged with the frame, and the end of a stretching arm of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder is connected with the swing arm through a pin shaft. The telescopic movement of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder controls the compaction roller to extend out of the working position and retract back to the working position, so that the covered soil groove is compacted during working, and the compaction roller is lifted during non-working.
The beneficial technical effects are as follows: the invention discloses a curve ditching and fertilizing machine for orchard manure, which can overcome the defect that the fertilizer efficiency is reduced due to mismatching of a linear ditch and a tree disk root system in ditching and fertilizing, realize ditching, fertilizing and earthing integration, efficiently convey manure with poor fluidity for fertilizing operation, and realize mechanization and high efficiency of the manure fertilizing operation for the orchard. Promote popularization and application of orchard manure curve ditching and fertilizing technology, reduce orchard manure fertilizing operation cost, improve orchard soil conditions, promote large-scale efficient utilization of peripheral agricultural fertilizers of the orchard, and realize farmer income increase and agricultural efficiency increase.
Reference numerals:
1. cab 2, lifting mechanism 4, vertical guide 5, depth control 6, frame 7, compression device 8, fertilizer tube 9, furrow opening device 10, fertilizer outlet 11, forced fertilizer device 12, arc baffle 13, hydraulic tipping cylinder 14, vehicle body 15, engine 16, hydraulic pump 17, vertical hydraulic cylinder 18, hydraulic motor II 19, mount 20, soil collecting box 21, spiral furrow opener 22, soil discharge opening 23, roller frame 24, compaction roller 25, swing arm 26, telescopic hydraulic cylinder 27, feed roller 28, hydraulic motor I29, feed chute 30, feed opening 31, conveying screw 32, horizontal hydraulic cylinder 33, fertilizer inlet 34, furrow opening fertilizer mechanism 35, trunk positioning and control system 36, root system 37, trunk 38, curved furrow 39, straight furrow.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a left side view of a total machine structure of an orchard manure curve ditching and fertilizing machine
FIG. 2 is a top view of the right rear of the structure of a total machine for a manure curve ditching and fertilizing machine in an orchard
FIG. 3 is a left rear bottom view of a crawler of an orchard manure curve ditching and fertilizing machine
FIG. 4 is a left rear top view of a crawler of the orchard manure curve ditching and fertilizing machine
FIG. 5 is a front right side view of a ditching and fertilizing mechanism of an orchard manure curve ditching and fertilizing machine
FIG. 6 is a left rear top view of a ditching and fertilizing mechanism of an orchard manure curve ditching and fertilizing machine
FIG. 7 is a right side view of a ditching and fertilizing mechanism of an orchard manure curve ditching and fertilizing machine
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a method for fertilizing and ditching in an orchard manure curve.
Detailed Description
The specific implementation scheme of the orchard manure curve ditching and fertilizing method is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1 and 8, a method for fertilizing manure by curve ditching in an orchard, characterized in that manure is mechanically applied to an arc-shaped area around a root system 36 of a fruit tree, and a fertilizing ditch is covered with soil and compacted, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) Preparing stable manure: before a ditching fertilizer applicator, fertilizer is prepared according to the soil condition of an orchard, and soil nutrients and soil improvement substances are added to prepare nutrients;
(2) Curve ditching: according to the agronomic condition of fruit tree planting, the ditching fertilizer applicator linearly walks among fruit tree rows, the ditching interval of both sides and interval of ditching device 9 and trunk 37 are adjusted, the position of the tree root is determined through trunk positioning and control system 35, when trunk 37 is not detected by trunk positioning and control system 35, ditching device 9 linearly ditches along the side edge of the tree row, a linear ditch 39 is formed, the ditching line is parallel to the line between fruit tree plants and keeps a certain distance, when trunk positioning and control system 35 detects that the distance from the central point of ditching device 9 to trunk 37 reaches a certain value, the movement track of ditching device 9 becomes a curve under the control of trunk positioning and control system 35, curve ditching is conducted around the root 36 of the fruit tree, curve ditching 38 takes trunk 37 as the center of a circle, the radius value is determined but can be adjustable within a certain range, when the ditching device 9 moves between two tree plants, the ditching track is controlled by trunk positioning and control system 35 to be changed into a linear track ditching again, the next tree is close to the tree, and the continuous curve ditching 38 and linear ditch 39 are alternately formed in a circulation mode; the soil collecting operation is synchronously carried out when the ditching device 9 ditches;
(3) Depth adjustment: the ditching depth is regulated by a mechanical device, the step can be synchronously carried out with the step (2), the ditching depth is regulated in time according to different distribution depths of root systems 36 of fruit trees, and a reasonable fertilization position is determined;
(4) And (3) fertilization: the ditching fertilizer applicator conveys the stable manure in the step (1) from a feed box through a forced fertilizer conveying device 11 to a ditch formed in the step (2) at the rear part of the ditching device 9 through a fertilizer pipe;
(5) Earthing and compacting: after the manure is applied into the grooves, covering soil on the grooves formed in the step (2) by the soil covering and compacting device, and then mechanically compacting.
The method is a ditching and fertilizing operation method aiming at stable manure, and the step (1) can be omitted for other types of fertilizers; the steps (2), (4) and (5) are synchronously operated; when the method is used for working, the two sides of the same row of the fruit trees can be simultaneously worked, and the single side can also be singly worked.
The method is not limited to the manure of step (1); the steps (2) to (4) are applicable to the stable manure in the step (1) with poor fluidity and are also applicable to commercial organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers.
The soil used in the step (5) is soil taken in the step (2) in the mechanized fertilization process of the orchard manure.
And (2) when curve ditching and fertilization are not needed, only linear ditching and fertilization can be carried out, but the connecting line between the ditching line and the fruit tree plant is kept at a reasonable distance so as not to damage the main root system of the fruit tree.
The mechanical fertilizing method for the orchard stable manure is suitable for orchard ditching and fertilizing operation, but is not limited to the orchard.
The specific implementation structural scheme of the orchard manure curve ditching and fertilizing machine is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the orchard manure curve ditching and fertilizing machine is characterized in that a cab 1, an engine 15 and a hydraulic pump 16 are arranged in front of a vehicle body 14, trunk positioning and controlling systems 35 are respectively arranged on two sides of the vehicle body 14, a bin 2 is arranged at the rear part above the vehicle body 14, and the bottom end of the rear part of the bin 2 is hinged with the vehicle body 14; the beam of the vehicle body 14 is provided with a hydraulic overturning oil cylinder 13, the lower end of the hydraulic overturning oil cylinder is hinged with the vehicle body 14, and the upper end of the hydraulic overturning oil cylinder is hinged with the bottom of the feed box 2; the feed box 2 can be turned over and unloaded after being acted by the hydraulic overturning oil cylinder 13; a blanking roller 27 is transversely arranged at the rear lower corner inside the feed box 2, and fertilizer at the rear lower corner inside the feed box 2 is introduced into a rear blanking groove 29 when the blanking roller 27 rotates, so that the auxiliary blanking function is realized; the part of the blanking roller 27 outside the bin 2 is covered by the arc-shaped baffle 12.
As shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, the transverse gap between the blanking roller 27 and the bottom surface of the bin 2 is a discharge hole 30, the rear part of the discharge hole 30 is provided with a forced fertilizer feeding device 11, two blanking grooves 29 of the forced fertilizer feeding device 11 are arranged below the rear part of the bin 2, a hydraulic motor I28 is arranged at the bottom part in front of each blanking groove 29, a conveying screw 31 is arranged in the middle of the blanking groove 29 along the material flow direction, the conveying screw 31 penetrates through the bottom part of the inclined blanking groove 29, one end of the conveying screw 31 is connected with the hydraulic motor I28, and the other end of the conveying screw extends into a fertilizer outlet 10 of the blanking groove 29; the fertilizer outlet 10 is connected with a fertilizer inlet 33 of the fertilizer pipe 8 through a pipe joint; the hydraulic motor I28 drives the conveying screw 31 to forcibly convey fertilizer in the feed chute 29 to the fertilizer outlet 33 of the feed chute 29, the fertilizer is connected into the fertilizer pipe 8 through a pipeline, the pipeline connecting the fertilizer pipe 8 and the fertilizer outlet 10 is a corrugated pipe, the corrugated pipe is distributed according to the shortest distance, the least elbow and the biggest elbow when being arranged, the corrugated pipe is internally provided with a plastic liner pipe, the plastic liner pipe is required to be wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, smooth in inner wall, light in weight and easy to disassemble and clean, and the inner diameter of the plastic liner pipe is 8-12 cm.
As shown in fig. 1, the rear parts of the vehicle body 14 and the feed box 2 are provided with a ditching and fertilizing mechanism 34; the ditching and fertilizing mechanism 34 is connected with the vehicle body 14 through the lifting mechanism 3.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the ditching and fertilizing mechanism 34 comprises a frame 6, a horizontal hydraulic cylinder 32, a depth control device 5, a ditching device 9, a fertilizing pipe 8 and a compacting device 7.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 5 and 8, two horizontal hydraulic cylinders 32 are arranged above the front part of the frame 6, and are symmetrically distributed along the advancing direction perpendicular to the machine body, and the extending arms of the horizontal hydraulic cylinders 32 are just connected with the depth control device 5; the telescopic movement of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder 32 and the forward movement of the machine body are combined into the curve movement of the ditching device 9, so that the ditching and fertilization can be performed around the root system 36 of the fruit tree in a curve manner; when the extension of the horizontal cylinder 32 is unchanged, the ditching device 9 can make a straight ditch 39.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 5, the depth control device 5 comprises a vertical guide plate 4 and a vertical hydraulic cylinder 17; the vertical hydraulic cylinder 17 is fixed on the outer side of the vertical guide plate 4, the lower end of the extending arm of the vertical hydraulic cylinder 17 is just connected with the ditching device 9, and the vertical hydraulic cylinder 17 realizes the movement of the ditching device 9 along the vertical direction, so that the ditching depth of the ditching device 9 is controlled.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 7, the ditching device 9 comprises a fixing frame 19, a hydraulic motor II18, a spiral ditching cutter 21 and a soil collecting box 20; the fixed frame 19 is just connected with an extending arm of the vertical hydraulic cylinder 17, a hydraulic motor II18 is arranged at the upper end of the fixed frame 19, a soil collecting box 20 is arranged at the lower end of the fixed frame 19, the hydraulic motor II18 is connected with a spiral ditching knife 21, the spiral ditching knife 21 ditches, breaks up and lifts soil under the drive of the hydraulic motor II18, and the soil is lifted to the soil collecting box 20 and then directionally spread in a groove at the rear part of the spiral ditching knife 21, and the rear part of an outlet of the fertilizing pipe 8; the fertilizer pipe 8 is positioned behind the spiral ditching knife 21, and fertilizer is forcedly discharged into a groove behind the spiral ditching knife 21 through the fertilizer pipe 8; the rear end of the soil collecting box 20 is provided with a soil unloading opening 22, and soil falls back to the groove through the soil unloading opening 22 to cover fertilizer.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 7, the compacting device 7 is positioned behind the frame 6 and comprises a telescopic hydraulic cylinder 26, a swing arm 25, a compacting roller 24 and a roller frame 23, and the two groups are symmetrically arranged; the upper end of the swing arm 25 is hinged with the frame 6, the lower end is in pin shaft connection with the roller frame 23, the roller frame 23 is suspended with the compacting roller 24, and the roller frame 23 and the compacting roller 24 are spatially positioned behind the ditching device 9; the upper end of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 26 is hinged with the frame 6, the extending arm end of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 26 is in pin shaft connection with the swing arm 25, and the telescopic movement of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 26 can enable the swing arm 25 to extend and retract, so that the position change of the compacting roller 24 is controlled.
As shown in fig. 1, the ditching and fertilizing mechanism 34 can drop on the ground surface when the orchard is subjected to fertilizing operation by the action of the lifting mechanism 3, and can be lifted when the orchard is driven on a road or the orchard is subjected to turning around operation.
As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the engine 15 drives the hydraulic pump 16, and the output oil pipe of the hydraulic pump 16 is respectively connected with the hydraulic motor I28 at the front bottom of the blanking groove 29 and the hydraulic motor II18 on the fixing frame 19; a speed regulating valve is arranged between the output oil pipe of the hydraulic pump 16 and the hydraulic motors I28 and II 18.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the output rotation speeds of the hydraulic motor I28 and the hydraulic motor II18 are adjustable.
As shown in fig. 1 and 8, the trunk positioning and controlling system 35 positions the trunks 37 on both sides respectively, and controls the ditching devices 9 on both sides respectively.
Further explaining the working principle of the orchard stable curve ditching fertilizer applicator, the specific process and working principle are expressed as follows:
when the orchard stable curve ditching and fertilizing machine disclosed by the invention is used for carrying out orchard stable curve ditching and fertilizing operation, stable manure in a material box reaches a discharge hole under the action of a hydraulic overturning oil cylinder and a blanking roller, a forced fertilizer feeding device is arranged behind the discharge hole, a hydraulic motor I drives a conveying screw to rotate, and the stable manure enters a corrugated pipe under the forced conveying of the conveying screw and reaches a fertilizing pipe through the corrugated pipe.
Two horizontal hydraulic cylinders are arranged above the front part of the frame and are symmetrically distributed along the direction perpendicular to the advancing direction of the machine body, the telescopic movement of the horizontal hydraulic cylinders and the advancing movement of the machine body are combined into the curve movement of the ditching device, the annular ditching fertilization can be performed around the root system of the fruit tree, and when the extending amount of the horizontal hydraulic cylinders is unchanged, the ditching device can open a straight line ditch.
The vertical hydraulic cylinder of the depth control device extends out of the lower end of the arm and is just connected with the ditching device, and the vertical hydraulic cylinder realizes the movement of the ditching device along the vertical direction, so that the ditching depth of the ditching device is controlled.
The fixed frame of the ditching device is just connected with the extending arm of the vertical hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic motor II is arranged on the fixed frame and connected with the spiral ditching knife, the spiral ditching knife plays the roles of ditching, soil crushing and soil lifting under the drive of the hydraulic motor II, soil is lifted to the soil collecting box, the soil collecting box is positioned below the fixed frame, a rotatable loose connection is used at the connection position between the soil collecting box and the fixed frame, the role of the loose connection is to vertically fix the soil collecting box on one hand, and the soil collecting box can swing in the process of curvilinear motion on the other hand, so that better ditching fertilization and soil covering effects can be obtained, the lower part of the soil collecting box is provided with the fertilization pipe which is positioned behind the spiral ditching knife, fertilizer is discharged into a groove opened by the spiral ditching knife through the fertilization pipe, the rear end of the soil collecting box is provided with a soil unloading opening, and the soil in the soil collecting box falls back to the groove through the soil unloading opening to cover the fertilizer.
The upper end of a swing arm of the compacting device is hinged with the frame, the lower end of the swing arm is connected with a roller frame pin shaft, a compacting roller is hung on the roller frame, the roller frame and the compacting roller are spatially positioned behind the ditching device, the upper end of a telescopic hydraulic cylinder is hinged with the frame, and the end of an extending arm of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder is connected with the swing arm pin shaft. The telescopic movement of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder controls the compaction roller to extend out of the working position and retract back to the working position, so that the covered soil groove is compacted during working, and the compaction roller is lifted during non-working.
Claims (7)
1. The orchard manure curve ditching and fertilizing machine is characterized in that a cab (1), an engine (15) and a hydraulic pump (16) are arranged in front of a vehicle body (14), trunk positioning and controlling systems (35) are respectively arranged on two sides of the vehicle body (14), a feed box (2) is arranged at the rear part above the vehicle body (14), and the bottom end of the rear part of the feed box (2) is hinged with the vehicle body (14); a hydraulic overturning oil cylinder (13) is arranged on a cross beam of the vehicle body (14), the lower end of the hydraulic overturning oil cylinder (13) is hinged with the vehicle body (14), and the upper end of the hydraulic overturning oil cylinder is hinged with the bottom of the feed box (2); the feed box (2) can be turned over and unloaded under the action of the hydraulic overturning oil cylinder (13); a blanking roller (27) is transversely arranged at the rear lower corner inside the feed box (2), and the part of the blanking roller (27) positioned outside the feed box (2) is wrapped by an arc baffle (12); a transverse gap between the blanking roller (27) and the bottom surface of the box (2) is a discharge hole (30), a forced fertilizer feeding device (11) is arranged behind the discharge hole (30), two blanking grooves (29) of the forced fertilizer feeding device (11) are arranged below the rear part of the box (2), a hydraulic motor I (28) is arranged at the bottom part in front of each blanking groove (29), a conveying spiral (31) is arranged in the middle of the blanking groove (29) along the flowing direction of fertilizer, the conveying spiral (31) penetrates through the bottom part of the inclined blanking groove (29), one end of the conveying spiral is connected with the hydraulic motor I (28), and the other end of the conveying spiral extends to penetrate into a fertilizer outlet (10) of the blanking groove (29); the fertilizer outlet (10) is connected with a fertilizer inlet (33) of the fertilizer pipe (8) through a pipe joint; the pipeline connecting the fertilizing pipe (8) and the fertilizer outlet (10) is a corrugated pipe, the corrugated pipe is arranged according to the shortest distance, the least elbow and the greatest elbow, a plastic liner pipe is arranged in the corrugated pipe, the plastic liner pipe is required to be wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, smooth in inner wall, light in weight and easy to disassemble and clean, and the inner diameter of the plastic liner pipe is 8-12 cm; the rear parts of the vehicle body (14) and the feed box (2) are provided with a ditching and fertilizing mechanism (34); the ditching and fertilizing mechanism (34) is connected with the vehicle body (14) through the lifting mechanism (3); the ditching and fertilizing mechanism (34) comprises a frame (6), a horizontal hydraulic cylinder (32), a depth control device (5), a ditching device (9), a fertilizing pipe (8) and a compacting device (7); two horizontal hydraulic cylinders (32) are arranged above the front part of the frame (6), are symmetrically distributed along the advancing direction perpendicular to the machine body, and the extending arms of the horizontal hydraulic cylinders (32) are just connected with the depth adjusting device (5); the telescopic movement of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder (32) and the forward movement of the machine body are combined into the curve movement of the ditching device (9), so that the ditching and fertilization can be performed around the root system (36) of the fruit tree in a curve manner; when the extension amount of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder (32) is unchanged, the ditching device (9) can open a straight line ditch (39); the depth adjusting device (5) comprises a vertical guide plate (4) and a vertical hydraulic cylinder (17); the vertical hydraulic cylinder (17) is fixed on the outer side of the vertical guide plate (4), the lower end of the extending arm of the vertical hydraulic cylinder (17) is just connected with the ditching device (9), and the vertical hydraulic cylinder (17) realizes the movement of the ditching device (9) along the vertical direction, so that the ditching depth of the ditching device (9) is controlled; the ditching device (9) comprises a fixing frame (19), a hydraulic motor II (18), a spiral ditching knife (21) and a soil collecting box (20); the fixing frame (19) is just connected with an extending arm of the vertical hydraulic cylinder (17), a hydraulic motor II (18) is arranged at the upper end of the fixing frame (19), a soil collecting box (20) is arranged at the lower end of the fixing frame (19), the hydraulic motor II (18) is connected with a spiral ditching knife (21), the spiral ditching knife (21) ditches, breaks and lifts soil under the driving of the hydraulic motor II (18), and the soil is lifted to the soil collecting box (20) and then directionally spread in a groove at the rear part of the spiral ditching knife (21), and the rear part of an outlet of the fertilizing tube (8); the fertilizer pipe (8) is positioned behind the spiral ditching knife (21), and fertilizer is forcedly discharged into a groove at the rear part of the spiral ditching knife (21) through the fertilizer pipe (8); the rear end of the soil collecting box (20) is provided with a soil unloading opening (22), and soil falls back to the groove through the soil unloading opening (22) to cover fertilizer; the compacting device (7) is positioned behind the frame (6) and comprises a telescopic hydraulic cylinder (26), a swing arm (25), compacting rollers (24) and a roller frame (23), and the two groups of compacting devices (7) are symmetrically arranged; the upper end of the swing arm (25) is hinged with the frame (6), the lower end of the swing arm is in pin shaft connection with the roller frame (23), the compaction roller (24) is hung on the roller frame (23), and the roller frame (23) and the compaction roller (24) are spatially positioned behind the ditching device (9); the upper end of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder (26) is hinged with the frame (6), and the extending arm end of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder is connected with a swing arm (25) through a pin shaft; the ditching and fertilizing mechanism (34) can drop on the ground surface when the orchard is subjected to fertilizing operation under the action of the lifting mechanism (3), and can be lifted when the orchard is driven on a road or the orchard is subjected to turning around; the engine (15) drives the hydraulic pump (16), and an output oil pipe of the hydraulic pump (16) is respectively connected with the hydraulic motor I (28) at the front bottom of the blanking groove (29) and the hydraulic motor II (18) on the fixing frame (19); a speed regulating valve is respectively arranged between an output oil pipe of the hydraulic pump (16) and the hydraulic motor I (28) and the hydraulic motor II (18); the output rotating speeds of the hydraulic motor I (28) and the hydraulic motor II (18) are adjustable.
2. The orchard manure curve ditching and fertilizing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the trunk positioning and controlling system (35) is used for positioning the trunks (37) at two sides respectively and controlling the ditching devices (9) at two sides respectively.
3. The orchard manure curve trenching and fertilizing machine of claim 1 wherein an orchard manure curve trenching and fertilizing method is employed to mechanically apply manure to the arcuate area around the root system (36) of the fruit tree and to cover and compact the fertilizing trench, said method comprising the steps of:
(1) Preparing stable manure: before a ditching fertilizer applicator, fertilizer is prepared according to the soil condition of an orchard, and soil nutrients and soil improvement substances are added to prepare nutrients;
(2) Curve ditching: according to the agronomic conditions of fruit tree planting, the ditching fertilizer applicator linearly walks among fruit tree rows, the ditching distance between two sides of the rows and the distance between the ditching device (9) and the trunk (37) are adjusted, the position of a tree root is determined through the trunk positioning and control system (35), when the trunk positioning and control system (35) does not detect the trunk (37), the ditching device (9) linearly ditches along the side edges of the tree rows, a linear ditch (39) is formed, the ditching line is parallel to the connecting line between fruit tree plants and keeps a certain distance, when the trunk positioning and control system (35) detects that the distance between the central point of the ditching device (9) and the trunk (37) reaches a certain value, the movement track of the ditching device (9) becomes a curve under the control of the trunk positioning and control system (35), the curve ditches around the root system (36), and the curve ditch (38) takes the trunk (37) as the center of a circle; when the ditching track of the ditching device (9) moves between two tree plants along with the advancing of the machine, the ditching track is changed again under the control of the trunk positioning and control system (35) to ditche the long straight line track, the next tree plant approaches, and the like, and a continuous curve ditch (38) and a straight line ditch (39) are alternately formed in a circulating way; the soil collecting operation is synchronously carried out when the ditching device (9) ditches;
(3) Depth adjustment: the ditching depth is regulated by a mechanical device, the step can be synchronously carried out with the step (2), the ditching depth is regulated in time according to different distribution depths of root systems (36) of fruit trees, and a reasonable fertilization position is determined;
(4) And (3) fertilization: the ditching fertilizer applicator conveys the stable manure in the step (1) from a feed box to a ditch formed in the step (2) at the rear part of the ditching device (9) through a fertilizer pipe by a forced fertilizer conveying device (11);
(5) Earthing and compacting: after the stable manure is applied into the groove, covering soil on the groove formed in the step (2) by the soil covering and compacting device, and then mechanically compacting;
the method is a ditching and fertilizing operation method aiming at stable manure, and the step (1) can be omitted for other types of fertilizers; the steps (2), (4) and (5) are synchronously operated; when the method is used for working, the two sides of the same row of the fruit trees can be simultaneously worked, and the single side can also be singly worked.
4. The orchard manure curve furrowing fertilizer applicator of claim 3 wherein the method is not limited to only the manure of step (1); the steps (2) - (4) are applicable to the stable manure in the step (1) with poor fluidity and are also applicable to commercial organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers.
5. The orchard manure curve furrowing fertilizer applicator of claim 3 wherein the soil used in step (5) is the soil taken in step (2) during mechanized fertilization of the orchard manure.
6. The orchard manure curve ditching and fertilizing machine according to claim 3, characterized in that in the step (2), when curve ditching and fertilizing are not needed, only straight ditching and fertilizing are needed, but the connecting line between the ditching straight line and the fruit tree plant is kept at a reasonable distance so as not to damage the main root system of the fruit tree.
7. The orchard manure curve ditching and fertilizing machine according to claim 3, characterized in that the mechanized orchard manure fertilizing method is applicable to orchard ditching and fertilizing operations but is not limited to orchard.
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| CN201711099755.1A CN107646245B (en) | 2017-11-09 | 2017-11-09 | Orchard manure curve ditching fertilizer distributor |
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| CN201711099755.1A CN107646245B (en) | 2017-11-09 | 2017-11-09 | Orchard manure curve ditching fertilizer distributor |
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| CN107646245B true CN107646245B (en) | 2023-10-03 |
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| CN109197046A (en) * | 2018-11-10 | 2019-01-15 | 陕西香凌农业设备有限公司 | The earthing integrated multi-function device of orchard organic fertilizer trench digging row replacement and method |
| CN111886988A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-11-06 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Tea garden fertilizer applicator |
| CN112492938B (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-10-29 | 四川省农业机械研究设计院 | Self-propelled side fertilizer applicator and working method thereof |
| CN112715112B (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-11-26 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Sugarcane seeder with intelligence control structure of sowing |
| CN113207338B (en) * | 2021-06-27 | 2024-04-09 | 西北农林科技大学 | Ditching-free fertilizer-soil mixed fertilization method for organic fertilizer in orchard and fertilizer applicator |
| CN113632627B (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2023-03-17 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Self-adjusting spiral fertilizer applicator |
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