JP2012055238A - Seeding machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a seeding machine for obtaining stable budding by reliably protecting seed leaves from wind damage at a bud burst stage at the low cost.SOLUTION: The seeding machine 1 seeds while running in an agricultural field by being towed by a tractor. A seeding bed forming part 4 for forming a seeding bed 47 by packing soil in a mountain shape at one or both lateral sides of seeding positions is provided in the rear side of the seeding part 3 for stripe-seeding the seeds in the agricultural field. The seeding bed 47 is formed at one or both lateral sides of the seeding positions only by towing the seeding machine 1 by the tractor T similarly to conventional seeding operation. The seeding bed 47 keeps wind or earth and sand flied by the wind from hitting the seed leaves, reducing the damage of buds or roots at the bud burst stage.

Description

  The present invention relates to a seeder, and more particularly, to a seeder that can protect cotyledons and the like from wind damage in the germination period of sugar beet.

  Vegetables are cultivated mainly in Hokkaido as one of the crop crops. In order to achieve stable management of crop rotation farmers, it is necessary to expand the management scale of sugar beet and other crops and secure income, but the troublesome transplantation of sugar beet is an obstacle to scale up, The spread of labor-saving direct sowing cultivation is desired. Also, in early spring when sugar beets are germinating, strong winds are likely to occur, especially in Hokkaido, the main production area, and since current sugar beet direct sowing work does not take measures against wind damage, cotyledons are shaken by strong winds. A stable yield could not be obtained due to scratches or damage to the cotyledons themselves by sediment particles. Therefore, a seeder that is less susceptible to wind damage and that can stably budding is desired.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a seeder capable of simultaneously sowing a cover crop and a sugar beet in order to protect the germinated sugar beet from wind damage by a cover crop (covered crop).

Japanese Patent No. 4096030

  However, in order to take measures against wind damage with cover crops, it costs seeds and seeds for the crops used as cover crops and chemicals for withering the crops used as cover crops. Increases and costs increase. Moreover, when there is little precipitation after sowing, there exists a problem that growth of a cover crop is overdue and sufficient wind-resistant effect cannot be acquired.

  Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a seeder capable of obtaining stable budding by reliably protecting cotyledons and the like at low cost from wind damage at the germination stage.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the present invention is a seeder that is pulled by a tractor and seeds while running on a field, and is placed behind one of the seeding positions on the side of the sowing part for seeding seeds on the field, Provided is a seeding machine characterized in that a seeding bed forming part for forming a seeding bed by pressing and solidifying soil into a mountain shape on both sides is provided.

  In addition, a fertilizer part provided with a fertilizer groove is provided behind the sowing part at the rear of the tractor in the traveling direction, and the pressure reducing wheel that is provided in the sowing part and suppresses the sowing position is the sowing bed. It is preferable that the seeding floor forming portion is disposed inside the inner hem portion of the forming portion, and the sowing bed forming portion presses and solidifies the soil dug up by the fertilizer groove.

  It is preferable that the seeding floor forming unit includes a pair of rollers having different shafts and having a base forming a mountain shape when viewed from the front, and the pair of rollers are independently suspended from each other.

  According to the present invention, a seeding bed is formed on one side or both sides of a seeding position such as sugar beet by a normal seeding operation, so that cotyledons and roots at the germination stage can be formed from wind particles or soil particles scattered by strong wind. Can be protected and stable budding can be obtained.

It is a side view which shows the seeder concerning this invention. It is a front view of the sowing bed formation part of FIG. It is a figure which shows different embodiment of a sowing bed formation part, (a) is a side view, (b) is a front view. It is sectional drawing explaining the procedure of sowing by the seeder of FIG. It is sectional drawing explaining different embodiment of the procedure of sowing.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the present specification and drawings, elements having substantially the same functional configuration are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.

  FIG. 1 shows an example of a seeder according to the present invention. The seeding machine 1 is connected to the rear in the traveling direction of the tractor T, and operates while being pulled by the tractor T with the rotation of the drive wheels W rotating by the operation of the tractor T as a power source. That is, for example, as shown in the figure, the rotation of the drive wheel W is transmitted from the link member L connected to the drive wheel W to the sowing frame F via the chain C. The sowing frame F is connected by an elastic body S that pressurizes in the ground direction, and can run and operate while corresponding to the unevenness of the scene. In the present specification, the front or rear refers to the front or rear in the traveling direction A of the tractor T.

  The sowing machine 1 of the present invention has a fertilizer part 2, a sowing part 3, and a sowing bed forming part 4 in order from the front side in the traveling direction of the tractor T, and these are connected to the tractor T so as to be movable in the vertical direction. . The seeder 1 is provided in, for example, four rows in the left-right direction of the tractor T, and can simultaneously perform four fertilization and sowing operations.

  The fertilizer 2 includes a fertilizer groove 11 for digging a fertilizer groove for fertilizing the field, a fertilizer tank 12 having a fertilizer feed mechanism for feeding fertilizer toward the fertilizer groove, and a fertilizer covering earth covering the fertilizer groove after fertilization. 13. In the fertilizer applicator 11, for example, a pair of discs are provided on both sides of the sowing position at intervals of, for example, about 200 mm, and a fertilizer groove having a depth at which the fertilizer reaches the roots of the crop after sowing is formed. The fertilizer covering earthenware 13 is provided behind the fertilizer application groove 11 on both sides so as to oppose the left and right sides of each fertilizer application groove 11. In addition, the fertilizer application part 2 is good also as a motor drive.

  The sowing unit 3 includes a seeding position pressure ring 14, a seeding groover 15, a seed feeding part 16 having a seed feeding mechanism, a seed pressure ring 17, a seeding earthenware container 18, and a soil soiling pressure wheel 19.

  The sowing position suppression wheel 14 is a roller for leveling in the vicinity of the sowing position, and when seeding sugar beet seeds, for example, a roller having a width of about 20 cm is used. Behind the sowing position suppression wheel 14 is provided with a sowing groover 15 by a known groover such as a shoe-type groover that forms a V-shaped groove having a depth of about 1 to 2 cm, A seed feeding part 16 having a seed feeding mechanism for feeding seeds into a sowing groove formed by the sowing grooving device 15 is provided.

  In sugar beet, the size of the coated seed is as small as about 5 mm in diameter, and it is difficult to absorb moisture for germination from the soil around the seed. For this reason, it is necessary to suppress the seed sowed so that the seed is firmly settled in the soil and absorb moisture from the soil, and a seed suppression wheel 17 is provided behind the seed soaking groove 15 and the seed feeding portion 16. The seed pressure ring 17 is, for example, a roller having an O-ring fitted on the outer periphery of a roller having a width approximately the same as the seed groove and having a groove formed on the outer periphery. Press down without damaging and fix to the soil.

  A seed cover 18 for covering the sowing position is provided behind the seed pressure wheel 17, and a soil cover pressure ring 19 is further provided behind it. The soil covering pressure wheel 19 is a roller similar to the front sowing position pressure wheel 14, and a roller having a width narrower than the interval between the fertilization grooves on both sides, for example, a width of about 100 mm is used. The sowing position pressure wheel 14, the seed pressure wheel 17, and the soil covering pressure wheel 19 all rotate in the traveling direction around the rotation axis orthogonal to the traveling direction of the tractor T.

  In the seeder 1 of the present invention, a seeding bed forming part 4 is provided behind the seeding part 3. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the sowing bed forming unit 4 has a pair of rollers 21 provided on both sides of the sowing position. In the present embodiment, each roller 21 has an isosceles trapezoidal front shape, and an outer diameter is larger than an inner diameter. Further, the shaft 22 of each roller 21 is a central axis of the trapezoidal front shape of the roller 21, and the pair of rollers 21, 21 has different symmetrical axes 22, 22. Then, the bottom sides 23 and 23 of the pair of rollers 21 and 21 form a mountain shape having a high center when viewed from the front as illustrated. Each roller 21 is arrange | positioned so that the space | interval of the mountain shape of both sides may become the space | interval of the soil covering part after the fertilization formed with the fertilizer covering device 13, for example, 30 cm. As the roller 21 rotates, the soil of the covering soil portion at the fertilization position is pressed down, and a mountain-shaped seed bed is formed. As shown in FIG. 1, the shaft 22 of the roller 21 is connected to the sowing frame F independently of the other roller 21 via the connecting member 24 and the arm 25, and is pulled by the tractor T like the sowing unit 3. While being done, the roller 21 rotates. In addition, a pressure spring 26 is provided that presses the distal end side (roller 21 side) of the arm 25 toward the ground, whereby the roller 21 appropriately presses the soil with pressure.

  FIG. 3 shows a different embodiment of the sowing bed forming part 4, (a) is a side view, and (b) is a front view. The seeding floor forming unit 4 is configured by connecting seeding floor forming plates 31 provided on both sides of the seeding position to the seeding frame F through parallel link members 32. The seeding floor molding plate 31 is a plate material in which the shapes of the front surface 31a and the back surface 31b form a mountain-shaped space below the bottom surface, and as illustrated, the mountain-shaped space formed on the front surface 31a has a height and a bottom surface. Both are larger than the mountain space formed on the back surface 31b. That is, the mountain space becomes narrower in the rear direction and can be moved in the arrow B direction by the parallel link member 32. Moreover, the pressurization spring 26 which presses the seeding floor shaping | molding board 3 to soil like the embodiment of FIG. 1 is provided. Thereby, the soil of the covering soil part of a fertilization position is pressed down by the back surface of the sowing floor shaping | molding board 31, and a mountain-shaped sowing bed is formed.

  By providing the sowing bed forming part 4 as described above, the sowing bed is formed on both sides of the sowing position only by pulling the sowing machine 1 with the tractor T as in the conventional sowing operation. This sowing bed prevents the wind and the soil that is scattered by the wind from colliding with the cotyledons, and reduces damage to the buds and roots at the germination stage. In addition, the sowing bed forming part 4 may be provided on one side of the sowing position.

  A procedure for seeding a sugar beet using the seeding machine 1 having the above configuration will be described below with reference to FIG.

  The sowing machine 1 travels by being pulled by the tractor T in the field, and the fertilizer groove 41 forms fertilizer grooves 41 in both sides of the sowing position. The interval between the fertilizing grooves 41 on both sides is, for example, 20 cm, and is formed to a depth at which the fertilizer reaches the roots of sugar beet. As shown in FIG. 4 (a), the fertilizer 42 is discharged from the fertilizer feed mechanism of the fertilizer tank 12 into the fertilizer groove 41, and is dug up on the fertilizer groove 41 by the fertilizer covering earther 13 at the time of grooving. Then, the soil 43 placed on the side is covered and covered as shown in FIG.

  Then, leveling around the sowing position is performed by the sowing position suppression wheel 14 of the sowing unit 3. The sowing position suppression wheel 14 has a width of 15 cm, for example, and as shown in FIG. 4C, the width is narrower than the soil covering portions 44 on both sides, so that the swell of the soil covering portion 44 remains without collapse. Is done.

  At the sowing position leveled by the sowing position suppression wheel 14, a sowing groove 45 is formed in a V-shape by the sowing grooving device 15, and the beet seed 46 is released from the seed feeding mechanism of the seed feeding portion 16 as shown in FIG. Seed as shown in d). In the case of sugar beet, it is sown in the seed groove 45 so that the sowing interval is, for example, about 18 to 20 cm. After that, as shown in FIG. 4 (e), the seed 46 is fixed on the soil with the seed pressure ring 17, and the sowing position is covered with the sowing cover 18. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 4 (f), the soil covering portion at the sowing position is suppressed with the soil covering pressure reducing wheel 19. The width of the soil covering pressure reducing wheel 19 is, for example, 100 mm. As illustrated, the soil covering pressure reducing wheel 19 does not suppress the soil covering portions 44 on both sides. Even when the soil covering portion 44 is only on one side, the soil covering pressure reducing wheel 19 is disposed on the inner side of the soil covering portion 44 and has a width that does not suppress the soil covering portion 44.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 4 (g), the soil of the soil covering portion 44 at the fertilization position is pressed down by the sowing bed forming unit 4 disposed behind the sowing unit 3 to form a mountain-shaped sowing bed 47. Thereby, the mountain-shaped seed bed 47 is continuously formed on both sides of the sowing position, and the sugar beet buds can be protected from wind damage during budding. Since the soil forming the mountain-shaped seeding floor 47 uses the covering soil portion 44 of the fertilization groove 41 as it is, there is no need to newly collect soil, and the seeding floor 47 can be easily formed. When the sowing bed forming part 4 is provided only on one side of the sowing position, the sowing bed 47 is formed on one side of the sowing position.

  FIG. 5 shows a different embodiment of the sowing procedure, in which the fertilizing groove 41 and the seed groove 45 are provided at the same position. That is, the fertilizer groove 41 is formed by the fertilizer applicator 11 at the sowing position, and the fertilizer 42 is discharged on both sides of the fertilizer groove 41 as shown in FIG. After that, as shown in FIG. 5B, the fertilizer covering earthen 13 covers the soil dug up by the fertilizer groove 11 so as to protrude into the fertilizing groove 41 and both sides thereof.

  Next, as shown in FIG.5 (c), the upper part of the fertilization groove | channel 41 is suppressed by the sowing position suppression wheel 14. FIG. At this time, the soil bulging portion 48 is formed by bringing the soil that protrudes on both sides to the side and bringing the soil to the side. Note that the soil forming the raised portion 48 may be soil transported from another location.

  As shown in FIG. 5 (d), a seed groove 45 is formed by the sowing grooving device 15 at the sown seeding position, and the seed 46 is released into the seed groove 45 as shown in FIG. 5 (e). Then, as shown in FIG. 5 (f), the seed 46 is fixed on the soil with the seed pressure ring 17, and the seed groove 45 is covered with the sowing cover 18 as shown in FIG. 5 (g).

  Then, as shown in FIG.5 (h), the soil covering part of a sowing position is suppressed with the soil covering pressure reducing wheel 19. FIG. As shown in the figure, the soil covering pressure reducing wheel 19 is disposed inside the raised portion 48 and does not suppress the raised portion 48.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 5 (i), the sowing bed forming unit 4 presses the soil of the raised portion 48 to form a mountain-shaped sowing bed 47. Thereby, a mountain-shaped seed bed 47 is formed on the side of the seeding position.

  As mentioned above, although preferred embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to this example. It is obvious for those skilled in the art that various changes or modifications can be conceived within the scope of the technical idea described in the claims. It is understood that it belongs to. The configurations of the fertilizer 2 and the sowing unit 3 are not limited to those described above. For example, the fertilizer covering earthen 13 and the sowing position pressure wheel 14 are omitted, and seeds are released into the fertilizer groove 41 in the embodiment of FIG. After covering with the earth covering device 18, the seeding bed 47 may be formed by the seeding floor forming unit 4.

  In the field, a sowing bed as a windbreak wall having a height of 5 cm is formed at 30 cm intervals assuming both sides of the sowing position, and the height between the center between the sowing beds and the flat ground without the sowing bed is 1 cm and 5 cm in height. The wind speed at a position of 10 cm was measured. The results are shown in Table 1. The measurement was performed from 12:25 to 12:40 on May 19, 2009, and the maximum instantaneous wind speed on the day was 19.1 m / s according to the weather data of the Obihiro weather station.

  As shown in Table 1, the wind speed at a height of 1 cm on a flat ground at a maximum wind speed of 18.6 m / s at a height of 150 cm in the field was 9.9 m / s. At the position of 1 cm, it decreased significantly to 3.9 m / s. In addition, even at a height of 5 cm, it was greatly reduced to 11.7 m / s on flat ground and 7.1 m / s between sowing beds. According to the meteorological data of Obihiro weather station from 1989 to 2009, the average maximum wind speed in May was 1.5 days on average when the maximum instantaneous wind speed in May was 18 m / s or more, and the average maximum instantaneous wind speed was 19.8 m / s. It was. Therefore, according to the results in Table 1, the wind speed at the heights of 1 cm and 5 cm close to the ground is greatly reduced by the provision of the sowing bed even in a state close to the maximum wind speed in May, which is the emergence stage of sugar beet. It was found that there was an effect of preventing wind damage by reducing the wind speed near the position of buds and cotyledons in the season.

  Moreover, sugar beet was seeded by a sowing machine having a sowing bed forming part and a conventional sowing machine not having a sowing bed forming part. The plant height and the number of fresh leaves when sowed on May 2, 2009 and examined for growth on June 28, 2009 are as shown in Table 2. The sugar beet sowed between the sowing beds grew significantly. did.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be applied to a seeder that forms a seeding bed for crops such as sugar beet that is susceptible to strong winds at the time of germination, and contributes to improvement of the germination rate by preventing wind damage.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Sowing machine 2 Fertilizer part 3 Seeding part 4 Seeding floor formation part 11 Fertilizer groove 12 Fertilizer tank 13 Fertilizer covering earth 14 Seeding position pressure ring 15 Seeding groove 16 Seed feeding part 17 Seed pressure ring 18 Seeding earth cover 19 Covering soil Reducing wheel 21 Roller F Sowing frame T Tractor

Claims (3)

It is a sowing machine that is towed by a tractor while traveling in the field,
Behind the sowing part for seeding the seeds in the field, a sowing bed forming part for forming a sowing bed by pressing the soil into a mountain shape on one side or both sides of the sowing position is provided, Sowing machine. A fertilizer part with a fertilizer groove is provided behind the sowing part behind the tractor in the traveling direction,
The pressure wheel provided in the seeding part to suppress the seeding position is disposed on the inner side of the inner hem of the seeding bed forming part,
The seeding machine according to claim 1, wherein the sowing bed forming unit presses and solidifies the soil dug up by the fertilizer groove.   The seeding floor forming unit includes a pair of rollers having different shafts and having a base that forms a chevron when viewed from the front, and the pair of rollers are independently suspended from each other. The seeding machine described.

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