CN107646245A - A kind of orchard barnyard manure curve trenching fertilizing method and fertilizer applicator - Google Patents
A kind of orchard barnyard manure curve trenching fertilizing method and fertilizer applicator Download PDFInfo
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- CN107646245A CN107646245A CN201711099755.1A CN201711099755A CN107646245A CN 107646245 A CN107646245 A CN 107646245A CN 201711099755 A CN201711099755 A CN 201711099755A CN 107646245 A CN107646245 A CN 107646245A
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- ditching
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- barnyard manure
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C3/00—Treating manure; Manuring
- A01C3/06—Manure distributors, e.g. dung distributors
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/002—Apparatus for sowing fertiliser; Fertiliser drill
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/062—Devices for making drills or furrows
- A01C5/064—Devices for making drills or furrows with rotating tools
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/066—Devices for covering drills or furrows
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizing (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of orchard barnyard manure curve trenching fertilizing method and fertilizer applicator, are related to fertilizer machinery field.Livestock and poultry muck is subjected to compost treatment and modulates nutrient, moisture, ditching-fertilizing machine drives a ring curved groove around fruit tree root system, while barnyard manure is imposed on into groove and then carries out earthing, suppression operation.Fertilizer applicator mainly send fertile device, ditching-fertilizing mechanism and trunk positioning and control system comprising car body, hopper, pressure.Disclosed method and fertilizer applicator are applied to Machinery for orchard barnyard manure fertilising operation, on the one hand fertilizer is applied to the depth for adapting to fruit tree Root Distribution, be advantageous to the performance of fertilizer efficiency, another aspect curve ditch ensure that the distance of dressing furrow and trunk, the expansion of root system can be guided, and can reduces damage of the machinery to root system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention discloses a kind of orchard barnyard manure curve trenching fertilizing method and fertilizer applicator, is related to fertilizer machinery field, especially
It is fertilizer applicator for orchard tool field.
Background technology
Barnyard manure is a kind of organic fertilizer highly beneficial to crops.The characteristics of organic fertilizer is comprehensive nutrient cellulose content
Height, it contains the nutrient necessary to plant growth such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron and some trace elements.But by
It is mainly organic compound state in these nutrients, fruit tree can not directly absorb, so the Chemical Physics in soil
Effect and fermentation, the decomposition of microorganism are first handled it, nutrient is gradually discharged, and so also cause the fertilizer efficiency of agricultural fertilizer
It is long and stably.Therefore barnyard manure improves the effect of orchard soil physicochemical property for improving the orchard soil content of organic matter.Refer in particular to
What is gone out is that absorption of the fertilizing method for fruit tree nutrition also has an impact, and traditional fertilization mode is that straight line dressing furrow, fruit are opened in the ranks
Tree root system farther out, causes fertilizer efficiency relatively low away from fertilising point.And curve ditch ensure that the distance of dressing furrow and trunk, root system can be guided
Expansion, and can avoids damage to root system.And compared to straight line ditch, curve ditch is more suitable for absorption of the fruit tree root system to nutrient.
But current China is mainly tall anvil apple, accounts for 90%, the tree-like unsuitable carry out do mechanization operation of its spherical crown shape, to fruit
Garden barnyard manure mechanized application brings difficulty, and orchard barnyard manure curve trenching fertilizer practice is even more to be not easy to realize.
Under the background of Agriculture of China structural adjustment, the importance of Machinery for orchard is more and more obvious.China is energetically
The short anvil wide row dense planting apple cultivation technology of American-European countries is introduced, turns into scale and production in apple advantage producing regions such as the non-irrigated plateaus in Weihe north
An industry direction part, code requirement standard building well, wide row narrow space, orchard is possessed substantially and implement big machinery operation
Basic condition.
In ditching-fertilizing machine field, substantial amounts of research has been carried out though domestic, but still there is it is many problem of, such as ditch
The research and development of machine mutually disconnect with agricultural production, can not really meet the needs of agricultural production, poor universality and utilization rate be not high.
2014, the 1FK-40 type offset orchard furrowing fertilizer applicators of Xinjiang academy of agricultural sciences mechanization of agriculture Research Institute, utilize double circles
Disc openers, the machine is simple in construction, efficiency high, cost are low, because the inside lateral deviation of ditching component is put, to tree when reducing trench digging
The possible damage of hat, the type cannot be only used for orchard furrowing fertilising, it may also be used for wasteland, the ditching-fertilizing in farmland.But tie
The cumbersome heaviness of structure, manufacturing process is strict, and the machine can only carry out straight line ditching-fertilizing operation, dressing furrow apart from fruit tree root system compared with
Far, it is unfavorable for absorption of the fruit tree to fertilizer efficiency.To bore the main working parts of spiral or cylindrical screw as spiral ditching machine, represent
Type has a lot, such as 1KL-100 type vertical helical ditching machines, is to be developed by Northeast Agricultural University Han Yong person of outstanding talent etc. for 2000, is opened
Furrow bank is smooth, and surflaes is less, functional, but the larger easily abrasion of blade stress, and the processing request of blade is high, part replacement
Deng all inconveniences, workpiece size is bigger than normal, can not be applied to the curve trenching operation in orchard and can not carry out fertilising operation, state
Correlative study has also been carried out to curve trenching outside, but function is single, as INDUSTRIAS DAVID S.L.U companies produce
Function of being ditched between the orchard strain of CLE-21A-01-A15 types adapts to the requirement of orchard curve trenching operation completely, but can not be integrated complete
Into ditching-fertilizing operation, make fertilising operation cumbersome, add machine and enter ground number, cause soil compression.
Therefore, study orchard barnyard manure mechanization fertilizer practice particularly orchard barnyard manure curve trenching fertilizer practice and develop and match somebody with somebody
Equipment is covered, is the key for playing orchard barnyard manure mechanized application benefit, and realizes that agricultural fertilizer resource is high in high added value fruit industry
The important channel utilized is imitated, is to improve soil organic matter content, improves soil physico-chemical property, realize the important guarantor of orchard high yield
Barrier.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention：A kind of orchard barnyard manure curve trenching fertilizing method and fertilizer applicator are disclosed, orchard barnyard manure can be realized
The mechanization of fertilising operation, high efficiency.Promote the popularization and application of orchard barnyard manure curve trenching fertilizer practice, reduce orchard barnyard manure and apply
Fertile operating cost, improve orchard soil situation, promote the extensive of orchard periphery agricultural fertilizer efficiently to utilize, realize increasing peasant income, agriculture
Industry synergy.
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention：1）How to overcome ditching-fertilizing cathetus ditch to be mismatched with tree packing system and drop
The defects of low fertilizer efficiency, simultaneously realizes trench digging, fertilising, earthing integrated；2）How the poor barnyard manure of flow behavior enters dressing furrow.
In order to solve the above technical problems, The present invention gives following technical scheme：
A kind of orchard barnyard manure curve trenching fertilizing method, it is characterised in that methods described is to apply barnyard manure in a manner of mechanization
Arc area around fruit tree root system 36, and dressing furrow progress earthing and suppression, described method are comprised the following steps：
（1）Barnyard manure is prepared：Before ditching-fertilizing machine, it is fatted up according to orchard soil situation and is modulated, add soil nutrient
Material, soil improvement material, mix up nutrient；
（2）Curve trenching：The agronomic conditions transplanted according to fruit tree, ditching-fertilizing machine adjust row in fruit tree in the ranks straight line moving
Between the trench digging spacing of both sides and the spacing of ditching device 9 and trunk 37, pass through trunk positioning and determine tree root with control system 35
Position, when trunk positioning is not detected by trunk 37 with control system 35, ditching device 9 is ditched along tree row side straight line, is outputed
Straight line ditch 39, trench digging straight line 9 is parallel with line between fruit tree strain and keeps certain distance, is detected when trunk positions with control system 35
To ditching device 9 central point from certain value is reached with a distance from trunk 37 when, ditching device 9 trunk positioning with control system 35
Control under its movement locus be changed into curve, around the surrounding travel curve of fruit tree root system 36 ditch, curve ditch 38 with trunk 37 for circle
The heart, radius value determines but can be adjustable within the specific limits, as machine advances, when the trench digging of ditching device 9 track is moved to Liang Shu
When between strain, straight path trench digging is converted into by trunk positioning and the control of control system 35, it is close to next plant of fruit tree, such as
This circulation, alternating output coherent curve ditch 38 and straight line ditch 39；Synchronously carry out collecting native work when ditching device 9 is ditched
Industry；
（3）Depth adjustment：Ditching depth is adjusted by mechanical device, this step can be with step（2）It is synchronous to carry out, according to fruit tree root
It is 36 distributed depths difference, ditching depth is adjusted in time, it is determined that rational fertilizer placement；
（4）Fertilising：Ditching-fertilizing machine is by step（1）Described barnyard manure send fertile device 11 to be sent to from hopper through fertile pipe by forcing
The rear portion step of ditching device 9（2）In the groove formed；
（5）Earthing and suppression：After barnyard manure applies groove, earthing, suppression device are in step（2）Overburden soil on the groove formed
Earth, then carry out mechanical suppression；
Described method is the ditching-fertilizing operational method for barnyard manure, for other kinds of fertilizer, can save step（1）；
Above-mentioned steps（2）、（4）With（5）It is synchronous progress operation；During by described method operation, can it is same to fruit tree in the ranks two
Side operation simultaneously, can also be individually to unilateral operation.
Described method is not limited only to step（1）Described barnyard manure；Step（2）~（4）It is not only suitable for the poor step of mobility
Suddenly（1）Described barnyard manure, is also applied for organic commercial fertilizer and chemical fertilizer.
Described step（5）In used soil be step during the barnyard manure mechanized application of orchard（2）The soil taken.
Described step（2）When being not required to carry out curve ditching-fertilizing, straight line ditching-fertilizing can be only carried out, but straight line of ditching
Line will keep rational distance between fruit tree strain, in order to avoid the damage main root system of fruit tree.
Described orchard barnyard manure mechanization fertilizing method is applied to orchard furrowing fertilising operation but is not limited to orchard.
A kind of orchard barnyard manure curve trenching fertilizer applicator, it is characterised in that the front of car body 14 is provided with driver's cabin 1, engine
15 and hydraulic pump 16, respectively one trunk positioning of installation is equipped with hopper to the both sides of car body 14 with control system 35, the upper rear of car body 14
2, the rear portion bottom of hopper 2 and car body 14 are be hinged；Hydraulic pressure is installed on the crossbeam of car body 14 to topple oil cylinder 13, its lower end and car body
14 is be hinged, and its upper end is hinged with the bottom of hopper 2；Hopper 2 can in the presence of hydraulic pressure topples oil cylinder 13 after dumping material；Hopper 2
Internal posterior angle is transversely mounted material blanking roller 27, and the part that material blanking roller 27 is in the outside of hopper 2 is wrapped up by curved baffle 12.
Lateral clearance between material blanking roller 27 and the bottom face of hopper 2 is discharging opening 30, and the rear of discharging opening 30 is sent for pressure
Fertile device 11, pressure send two blanking grooves 29 of fertile device 11 to be arranged on the lower rear of hopper 2, each front lower of blanking groove 29
Dispose hydraulic motor28, conveyor screw 31, conveyor screw 31 and inclined blanking groove are arranged along stream direction among blanking groove 29
29 bottom is run through, its one end and hydraulic motor28 connect, and the other end extends the fertilizer outlet 10 for penetrating into blanking groove 29；Go out fertilizer
Mouth 10 is connected by pipe joint with the fertilizer inlet 33 for the pipe 8 that applies fertilizer；The pipeline of connection fertilising pipe 8 and fertilizer outlet 10 is bellows, ripple
Line pipeline should come stringing, plastic liner built in bellows, it is desirable to mould when arranging by beeline, minimum elbow and maximum elbow
Expect wear-resistant bushing pipe, corrosion-resistant, inner wall smooth, take 8 ~ 12cm from heavy and light and cleaning easy to assemble, plastic liner internal diameter of the pipeline.
Car body 14 and the rear portion of hopper 2 are ditching-fertilizing mechanism 34；Ditching-fertilizing mechanism 34 passes through elevating mechanism 3 and car body 14
Connect.
Ditching-fertilizing mechanism 34 include frame 6, horizontal hydraulic cylinder 32, depth control apparatus 5, ditching device 9, fertilising pipe 8,
Suppress device 7.
The front upper of frame 6 installs two horizontal hydraulic cylinders 32, along symmetrical, the horizontal liquid perpendicular to body direction of advance
The cantilever arm rigid connection depth adjustment 5 of cylinder pressure 32；The stretching motion of described horizontal hydraulic cylinder 32 closes with body forward travel
Into the curvilinear motion of ditching device 9, curve trenching can be applied fertilizer around fruit tree root system 36；When horizontal hydraulic cylinder 32 overhang not
During change, ditching device 9 can output straight line ditch 39.
Depth adjustment 5 includes vertical guide plate 4, vertical hydraulic cylinder 17；Vertical hydraulic cylinder 17 is fixed on outside vertical guide plate 4
Side, the cantilever arm lower end rigid connection ditching device 9 of vertical hydraulic cylinder 17, on vertical hydraulic cylinder 17 realizes ditching device 9 vertically
Movement, so as to control the ditching depth of ditching device 9.
Ditching device 9 includes fixed mount 19, hydraulic motor18th, spiral ditching knife 21, the native case 20 of collection；Fixed mount 19 is with erecting
The cantilever arm rigid connection of straight hydraulic cylinder 17, the upper end of fixed mount 19 installation hydraulic motor18, the installation of the lower end of fixed mount 19 collects native case 20,
Hydraulic motor18 are connected with spiral ditching knife 21, and spiral ditching knife 21 is in hydraulic motorTrench digging, hack under 18 driving, carry
Soil, and soil is promoted to orient to spread after the native case 20 of collection and is spread across in the groove at the rear portion of spiral ditching knife 21, after fertilising pipe 8 exports
Portion；Fertilising pipe 8 is located at the rear of spiral ditching knife 21, and fertilizer is discharged into the groove at the rear portion of spiral ditching knife 21 by pipe Final 8 system of applying fertilizer
In；Integrate the native rear end of case 20 as soil-unloading port 22, soil falls after rise to groove through soil-unloading port 22, fertilizer is covered.
Suppression device 7 be located at the rear of frame 6, comprising telescopic hydraulic cylinder 26, swing arm 25, be compacted roller 24, roll stand 23, two groups
It is arranged symmetrically；The upper end of swing arm 25 is be hinged with frame 6, and lower end is connected with the bearing pin of roll stand 23, suspension compacting roller 24, roller in roll stand 23
Frame 23 is spatially positioned at the rear of ditching device 9 with compacting roller 24；The upper end of telescopic hydraulic cylinder 26 is be hinged with frame 6, and it stretches out
Arm end is connected with the bearing pin of swing arm 25.
Described ditching-fertilizing mechanism 34 can be dropped to by acting on when orchard carries out fertilising operation for elevating mechanism 3
Earth's surface, it can be risen when road driving or orchard operation turn around.
Described engine 15 drives hydraulic pump 16, the output oil pipe of hydraulic pump 16 respectively with the front lower of blanking groove 29
Hydraulic motor I28 is connected with the hydraulic motor II18 on fixed mount 19；The output oil pipe of hydraulic pump 16 and hydraulic motor I28, liquid
One flow speed control valve is respectively set between pressure motor II18.
Described hydraulic motor I28 and hydraulic motor II18 output speed is adjustable.
Described trunk positioning is positioned respectively with control system 35 to both sides trunk 37, and both sides ditching device 9 is controlled respectively
System.
A kind of orchard barnyard manure curve trenching fertilizer applicator, its operation principle are as follows：
A kind of orchard barnyard manure curve trenching fertilizer applicator of the present invention, when carrying out orchard barnyard manure curve trenching fertilising operation,
Barnyard manure in hopper reaches discharging opening in the presence of hydraulic pressure topples oil cylinder and material blanking roller, and fertile dress is sent in the installation pressure of discharging opening rear
Put, hydraulic motorConveyor screw rotation is driven, barnyard manure enters bellows under the forced conveyance of conveyor screw, arrived through bellows
Managed up to fertilising.
Two horizontal hydraulic cylinders of installation above described frame front, along symmetrical, the water perpendicular to body direction of advance
The stretching motion of flat hydraulic cylinder synthesizes the curvilinear motion of ditching device with body forward travel, can be opened in fruit tree root system peripheral circular
Ditch applies fertilizer when the overhang of horizontal hydraulic cylinder is constant, and ditching device can output straight line ditch.
Described horizontal hydraulic cylinder rigid connection depth adjustment, the vertical hydraulic cylinder cantilever arm lower end of depth adjustment are firm
Connect ditching device, vertical hydraulic cylinder realize ditching device vertically on movement, so as to control the trench digging of ditching device
Depth.
The fixed mount of described ditching device and the cantilever arm rigid connection of vertical hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic motor is installed on fixed mount,
Hydraulic motorIt is connected with spiral ditching knife, spiral ditching knife is in hydraulic motorDriving under play trench digging, hack, carry soil
Effect, and soil is promoted to the native case of collection, collect native case and be located at below fixed mount, make in the junction collected between native case and fixed mount
With a rotary pine connection, it is on the one hand to be fixed vertically to collecting native case that it, which is acted on, collection soil case is existed
During curvilinear motion, some swings can be carried out, to obtain more preferable ditching-fertilizing and earthing effect, collect the bottom peace of native case
Dress fertilising pipe, positioned at spiral ditching knife rear, fertilizer is discharged into by the pipe that applies fertilizer in the groove that spiral ditching knife is opened, after collecting native case
Hold as soil-unloading port, the soil collected in native case falls after rise to groove through soil-unloading port, fertilizer is covered.
The swing arm upper end of described suppression device is hinged with frame, and lower end is connected with roll stand bearing pin, and compacting is hung in roll stand
Roller, roll stand are spatially positioned at ditching device rear with compacting roller, and telescopic hydraulic cylinder upper end is hinged with frame, its cantilever arm
End is connected with swing arm bearing pin.The stretching motion control compacting roller of telescopic hydraulic cylinder stretches out working position and retracts working position, so as to
The groove of earthing is compacted at work, lifted when not working.
Advantageous effects：The present invention discloses a kind of orchard barnyard manure curve trenching fertilizing method and fertilizer applicator, can overcome out
The defects of ditch fertilising cathetus ditch mismatches with tree packing system and reduces fertilizer efficiency simultaneously realizes trench digging, fertilising, earthing integrated, energy height
The barnyard manure for imitating flow behavior difference carries out fertilising operation, realizes mechanization, the high efficiency of orchard barnyard manure fertilising operation.Promote orchard
The popularization and application of barnyard manure curve trenching fertilizer practice, orchard barnyard manure fertilising operation cost is reduced, improve orchard soil situation, promoted
The extensive of orchard periphery agricultural fertilizer efficiently utilizes, and realizes increasing peasant income, growth of agricultural efficiency.
Reference：
1. 2. hopper of driver's cabin, 3. elevating mechanism, the 4. vertical frame 7. of 5. depth control apparatus of guide plate 6. is suppressed
The fertilizer outlet 11. of 9. ditching device of the fertilising pipe of device 8. 10. is forced to send the fertile hydraulic pressure of 12. curved baffle of device 13.
Topple the hydraulic motor of 17. vertical hydraulic cylinder of oil cylinder 14. car body, 15. engine, 16. hydraulic pump 18.19. fix
Frame 20. collects the compacting swing arm 26. of roller 25. of the roll stand 24. of 22. soil-unloading port of native 21. spiral ditching knife of case 23. and stretched
The hydraulic motor of 27. material blanking roller of contracting hydraulic cylinder 28.29. 30. discharging opening of blanking groove, 31. conveyor screw 32. is horizontal
The trunk positioning of 33. fertilizer inlet of hydraulic cylinder, 34. ditching-fertilizing mechanism 35. and the trunk of 36. root system of control system 37.
38. the straight line ditch of curve ditch 39..
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of orchard barnyard manure curve trenching fertilizer applicator exchange structure left side view；
Fig. 2 is a kind of orchard barnyard manure curve trenching fertilizer applicator exchange structure right back top view；
Fig. 3 is a kind of creeper truck left back upward view of orchard barnyard manure curve trenching fertilizer applicator；
Fig. 4 is a kind of creeper truck left back top view of orchard barnyard manure curve trenching fertilizer applicator；
Fig. 5 is a kind of right front view of the ditching-fertilizing mechanism of orchard barnyard manure curve trenching fertilizer applicator；
Fig. 6 is a kind of left back top view of the ditching-fertilizing mechanism of orchard barnyard manure curve trenching fertilizer applicator；
Fig. 7 is a kind of right side view of the ditching-fertilizing mechanism of orchard barnyard manure curve trenching fertilizer applicator；
Fig. 8 is a kind of orchard barnyard manure curve trenching fertilizing method schematic diagram.
Embodiment
A kind of specific embodiment of orchard barnyard manure curve trenching fertilizing method is as follows：
As illustrated in figures 1 and 8, a kind of orchard barnyard manure curve trenching fertilizing method, it is characterised in that methods described be by barnyard manure with
The arc area that the mode of mechanization is imposed on around fruit tree root system 36, and earthing and suppression, described method are carried out to dressing furrow
Comprise the following steps：
（1）Barnyard manure is prepared：Before ditching-fertilizing machine, it is fatted up according to orchard soil situation and is modulated, add soil nutrient
Material, soil improvement material, mix up nutrient；
（2）Curve trenching：The agronomic conditions transplanted according to fruit tree, ditching-fertilizing machine adjust row in fruit tree in the ranks straight line moving
Between the trench digging spacing of both sides and the spacing of ditching device 9 and trunk 37, pass through trunk positioning and determine tree root with control system 35
Position, when trunk positioning is not detected by trunk 37 with control system 35, ditching device 9 is ditched along tree row side straight line, is outputed
Straight line ditch 39, trench digging straight line is parallel with line between fruit tree strain and keeps certain distance, is detected when trunk positions with control system 35
To ditching device 9 central point from certain value is reached with a distance from trunk 37 when, ditching device 9 trunk positioning with control system 35
Control under its movement locus be changed into curve, around the surrounding travel curve of fruit tree root system 36 ditch, curve ditch 38 with trunk 37 for circle
The heart, radius value determines but can be adjustable within the specific limits, as machine advances, when the trench digging of ditching device 9 track is moved to Liang Shu
When between strain, straight path trench digging is converted into by trunk positioning and the control of control system 35, it is close to next plant of fruit tree, such as
This circulation, alternating output coherent curve ditch 38 and straight line ditch 39；Synchronously carry out collecting native work when ditching device 9 is ditched
Industry；
（3）Depth adjustment：Ditching depth is adjusted by mechanical device, this step can be with step（2）It is synchronous to carry out, according to fruit tree root
It is 36 distributed depths difference, ditching depth is adjusted in time, it is determined that rational fertilizer placement；
（4）Fertilising：Ditching-fertilizing machine is by step（1）Described barnyard manure send fertile device 11 to be sent to from hopper through fertile pipe by forcing
The rear portion step of ditching device 9（2）In the groove formed；
（5）Earthing and suppression：After barnyard manure applies groove, earthing, suppression device are in step（2）Overburden soil on the groove formed
Earth, then carry out mechanical suppression.
Described method is the ditching-fertilizing operational method for barnyard manure, for other kinds of fertilizer, can save step
（1）；Above-mentioned steps（2）、（4）With（5）It is synchronous progress operation；During by described method operation, can it is same to fruit tree in the ranks
Both sides simultaneously operation, can also be individually to unilateral operation.
Described method is not limited only to step（1）Described barnyard manure；Step（2）~（4）It is not only suitable for the poor step of mobility
Suddenly（1）Described barnyard manure, is also applied for organic commercial fertilizer and chemical fertilizer.
Described step（5）In used soil be step during the barnyard manure mechanized application of orchard（2）The soil taken.
Described step（2）When being not required to carry out curve ditching-fertilizing, straight line ditching-fertilizing can be only carried out, but straight line of ditching
Line will keep rational distance between fruit tree strain, in order to avoid the damage main root system of fruit tree.
Described orchard barnyard manure mechanization fertilizing method is applied to orchard furrowing fertilising operation but is not limited to orchard.
A kind of orchard barnyard manure curve trenching fertilizer applicator specific implementation organization plan is as follows：
As shown in Fig. 1,2 and Fig. 3, a kind of orchard barnyard manure curve trenching fertilizer applicator, it is characterised in that the front of car body 14 is provided with
Driver's cabin 1, engine 15 and hydraulic pump 16, each one trunk of installation in the both sides of car body 14 positions and control system 35, on car body 14
Square rear portion is equipped with hopper 2, and the rear portion bottom of hopper 2 and car body 14 are be hinged；Hydraulic pressure is installed on the crossbeam of car body 14 to topple oil cylinder
13, its lower end is be hinged with car body 14, and its upper end is hinged with the bottom of hopper 2；Hopper 2 can be in the presence of hydraulic pressure topples oil cylinder 13
Dumping material afterwards；The inside posterior angle of hopper 2 is transversely mounted material blanking roller 27, by the fertilizer of posterior angle in hopper 2 when material blanking roller 27 rotates
It is incorporated into the blanking groove 29 at rear, plays a part of to aid in blanking；Material blanking roller 27 is in the part in the outside of hopper 2 by curved baffle
12 parcels.
As shown in Fig. 3,4 and Fig. 5, the lateral clearance between described material blanking roller 27 and the bottom face of hopper 2 is discharging opening 30,
The rear of discharging opening 30 is that fertile device 11 is sent in pressure, forces to send two blanking grooves 29 of fertile device 11 to be arranged under the rear portion of hopper 2
Side, each front lower of blanking groove 29 dispose hydraulic motor28, conveyor screw 31 is arranged along stream direction among blanking groove 29,
The bottom of conveyor screw 31 and inclined blanking groove 29 is run through, its one end and hydraulic motor28 connect, and other end extension penetrates into
The fertilizer outlet 10 of blanking groove 29；Fertilizer outlet 10 is connected by pipe joint with the fertilizer inlet 33 for the pipe 8 that applies fertilizer；Hydraulic motor28 drivings
Conveyor screw 31, by the fertilizer outlet 33 of the fertilizer forced conveyance in blanking groove 29 to blanking groove 29, entered by pipeline connection and applied
Fertile pipe 8, the pipeline of connection fertilising pipe 8 and fertilizer outlet 10 be bellows, should be by beeline, at least curved when corrugated pipe pipeline is arranged
Head and maximum elbow come stringing, plastic liner built in bellows, it is desirable to plastic liner is wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, inner wall smooth, deadweight
Cleaning light and easy to assemble, plastic liner internal diameter of the pipeline take 8 ~ 12cm.
As shown in figure 1, described car body 14 and the rear portion of hopper 2 are ditching-fertilizing mechanism 34；Ditching-fertilizing mechanism 34 passes through
Elevating mechanism 3 connects with car body 14.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, described ditching-fertilizing mechanism 34 includes frame 6, horizontal hydraulic cylinder 32, deep-controlled dress
Put 5, ditching device 9, fertilising pipe 8, suppression device 7.
As shown in Fig. 1,2,5 and Fig. 8, the described front upper of frame 6 installs two horizontal hydraulic cylinders 32, along perpendicular to machine
Body direction of advance is symmetrical, the cantilever arm rigid connection depth adjustment 5 of horizontal hydraulic cylinder 32；Described horizontal hydraulic cylinder 32
Stretching motion synthesizes the curvilinear motion of ditching device 9 with body forward travel, curve trenching can be applied fertilizer around fruit tree root system 36；
When the overhang of horizontal hydraulic cylinder 32 is constant, ditching device 9 can output straight line ditch 39.
As shown in Fig. 1,2 and Fig. 5, described depth adjustment 5 includes vertical guide plate 4, vertical hydraulic cylinder 17；Vertical liquid
Cylinder pressure 17 is fixed on the vertical outside of guide plate 4, and the cantilever arm lower end rigid connection ditching device 9 of vertical hydraulic cylinder 17, vertical hydraulic cylinder 17 is in fact
Existing ditching device 9 vertically on movement, so as to control the ditching depth of ditching device 9.
As shown in Fig. 1,2 and Fig. 7, described ditching device 9 includes fixed mount 19, hydraulic motor18th, spiral ditching knife
21st, native case 20 is collected；The cantilever arm rigid connection of fixed mount 19 and vertical hydraulic cylinder 17, the upper end of fixed mount 19 installation hydraulic motor18, Gu
Determine the installation of the lower end of frame 19 and collect native case 20, hydraulic motor18 are connected with spiral ditching knife 21, and spiral ditching knife 21 is in hydraulic motor
Trench digging, hack under 18 driving, soil is carried, and orientation paving is spread across the rear portion of spiral ditching knife 21 after soil is promoted into the native case 20 of collection
In groove, the rear portion of fertilising pipe 8 outlet；Fertilising pipe 8 is located at the rear of spiral ditching knife 21, and fertilizer is discharged into by pipe Final 8 system of applying fertilizer
In the groove at the rear portion of spiral ditching knife 21；Integrate the native rear end of case 20 as soil-unloading port 22, soil is fallen after rise to groove through soil-unloading port 22, to fertilizer
Material is covered.
As shown in Fig. 1,2 and Fig. 7, described suppression device 7 is located at the rear of frame 6, includes telescopic hydraulic cylinder 26, swing arm
25th, roller 24, roll stand 23 are compacted, two groups are arranged symmetrically；The upper end of swing arm 25 is be hinged with frame 6, and lower end is connected with the bearing pin of roll stand 23,
Suspension compacting roller 24 in roll stand 23, roll stand 23 are spatially positioned at the rear of ditching device 9 with compacting roller 24；Telescopic hydraulic cylinder
26 upper ends are be hinged with frame 6, and its cantilever arm end is connected with the bearing pin of swing arm 25, and the stretching motion of telescopic hydraulic cylinder 26 can make swing arm 25
Stretch out and retract, so as to control the change of compacting roller 24 position.
As shown in figure 1, described ditching-fertilizing mechanism 34 by elevating mechanism 3 act on orchard carry out fertilising operation when
Earth's surface can be dropped to, can be risen when road driving or orchard operation turn around.
As shown in Fig. 2,3 and Fig. 4, described engine 15 driving hydraulic pump 16, the output oil pipe of hydraulic pump 16 respectively with
The hydraulic motor I28 of the front lower of blanking groove 29 is connected with the hydraulic motor II18 on fixed mount 19；The output oil of hydraulic pump 16
One flow speed control valve is respectively set between pipe and hydraulic motor I28, hydraulic motor II18.
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, described hydraulic motor I28 and hydraulic motor II18 output speed are adjustable.
As illustrated in figures 1 and 8, described trunk positioning positions respectively with control system 35 to both sides trunk 37, to both sides
Ditching device 9 controls respectively.
Further illustrate a kind of operation principle of orchard barnyard manure curve trenching fertilizer applicator of the present invention, detailed process and
Operation principle is expressed as follows：
A kind of orchard barnyard manure curve trenching fertilizer applicator of the present invention, when carrying out orchard barnyard manure curve trenching fertilising operation,
Barnyard manure in hopper reaches discharging opening in the presence of hydraulic pressure topples oil cylinder and material blanking roller, and fertile dress is sent in the installation pressure of discharging opening rear
Put, hydraulic motorConveyor screw rotation is driven, barnyard manure enters bellows under the forced conveyance of conveyor screw, arrived through bellows
Managed up to fertilising.
Two horizontal hydraulic cylinders of installation above frame front, along symmetrical, the horizontal hydraulic pressure perpendicular to body direction of advance
The stretching motion of cylinder synthesizes the curvilinear motion of ditching device with body forward travel, can be in fruit tree root system peripheral circular ditching-fertilizing
When the overhang of horizontal hydraulic cylinder is constant, ditching device can output straight line ditch.
Horizontal hydraulic cylinder rigid connection depth adjustment, the vertical hydraulic cylinder cantilever arm lower end rigid connection trench digging of depth adjustment
Device, vertical hydraulic cylinder realize ditching device vertically on movement, so as to control the ditching depth of ditching device.
The fixed mount of ditching device and the cantilever arm rigid connection of vertical hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic motor is installed on fixed mount, hydraulic pressure horse
ReachIt is connected with spiral ditching knife, spiral ditching knife is in hydraulic motorDriving under play trench digging, hack, carry soil effect, and
Soil is promoted to the native case of collection, collects native case and is located at below fixed mount, one is used in the junction collected between native case and fixed mount
Rotary pine connection, it is on the one hand to be fixed vertically to collecting native case that it, which is acted on, collection soil case is transported in curve
In dynamic process, some swings can be carried out, to obtain more preferable ditching-fertilizing and earthing effect, collect the bottom installation fertilising of native case
Pipe, positioned at spiral ditching knife rear, fertilizer is discharged into by the pipe that applies fertilizer in the groove that spiral ditching knife is opened, and collects native box back to unload
Tu Kou, the soil collected in native case fall after rise to groove through soil-unloading port, fertilizer are covered.
The swing arm upper end of suppression device is hinged with frame, and lower end is connected with roll stand bearing pin, suspension compacting roller, roller in roll stand
Frame is spatially positioned at ditching device rear with compacting roller, and telescopic hydraulic cylinder upper end is hinged with frame, its cantilever arm end and pendulum
Arm bearing pin connects.The stretching motion control compacting roller of telescopic hydraulic cylinder stretches out working position and retracts working position, so as to work
When the groove of earthing is compacted, lifted when not working.
Claims (9)
- A kind of 1. orchard barnyard manure curve trenching fertilizing method, it is characterised in that methods described be by barnyard manure in a manner of mechanization Impose on fruit tree root system（36）The arc area of surrounding, and following step is included to dressing furrow progress earthing and suppression, described method Suddenly：（1）Barnyard manure is prepared：Before ditching-fertilizing machine, it is fatted up according to orchard soil situation and is modulated, add soil nutrient Material, soil improvement material, mix up nutrient；（2）Curve trenching：The agronomic conditions transplanted according to fruit tree, ditching-fertilizing machine adjust row in fruit tree in the ranks straight line moving Between both sides trench digging spacing and ditching device（9）With trunk（37）Spacing, pass through trunk positioning and control system（35）Really Tree root position is determined, in trunk positioning and control system（35）It is not detected by trunk（37）When, ditching device（9）It is straight along tree row side Line is ditched, and outputs straight line ditch（39）, trench digging straight line is parallel with line between fruit tree strain and keeps certain distance, when trunk positions and controls System processed（35）Detect ditching device（9）Central point from trunk（37）Distance when reaching certain value, ditching device（9） Trunk positions and control system（35）Control under its movement locus be changed into curve, around fruit tree root system（36）Surrounding travel curve is opened Ditch, curve ditch（38）With trunk（37）For the center of circle, radius value determines but can be adjustable within the specific limits, as machine advances, when Ditching device（9）When trench digging track is moved between two tree strains, by trunk positioning and control system（35）Control convert length again Straight path is ditched, close to next plant of fruit tree, so circulation, and alternating outputs coherent curve ditch（38）With straight line ditch（39）； In ditching device（9）Synchronously carry out collecting native operation when being ditched；（3）Depth adjustment：Ditching depth is adjusted by mechanical device, this step can be with step（2）It is synchronous to carry out, according to fruit tree root System（36）Distributed depth is different, ditching depth is adjusted in time, it is determined that rational fertilizer placement；（4）Fertilising：Ditching-fertilizing machine is by step（1）Described barnyard manure send fertile device by forcing（11）Sent from hopper through fertile pipe To ditching device（9）Rear portion step（2）In the groove formed；（5）Earthing and suppression：After barnyard manure applies groove, earthing, suppression device are in step（2）Overburden soil on the groove formed Earth, then carry out mechanical suppression；Described method is the ditching-fertilizing operational method for barnyard manure, for other kinds of fertilizer, can save step（1）； Above-mentioned steps（2）、（4）With（5）It is synchronous progress operation；During by described method operation, can it is same to fruit tree in the ranks two Side operation simultaneously, can also be individually to unilateral operation.
- 2. a kind of orchard barnyard manure curve trenching fertilizing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described method is not It is only limitted to step（1）Described barnyard manure；Step（2）~（4）It is not only suitable for the poor step of mobility（1）Described barnyard manure, is also fitted For organic commercial fertilizer and chemical fertilizer.
- A kind of 3. orchard barnyard manure curve trenching fertilizing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step （5）In used soil be step during the barnyard manure mechanized application of orchard（2）The soil taken.
- A kind of 4. orchard barnyard manure curve trenching fertilizing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step （2）When being not required to carry out curve ditching-fertilizing, straight line ditching-fertilizing can be only carried out, but line between straight line and fruit tree strain of ditching will be protected Rational distance is held, in order to avoid the damage main root system of fruit tree.
- A kind of 5. orchard barnyard manure curve trenching fertilizing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described orchard matting Fertile mechanized application method is applied to orchard furrowing fertilising operation but is not limited to orchard.
- A kind of 6. orchard barnyard manure curve trenching fertilizer applicator, it is characterised in that car body（14）Front is provided with driver's cabin（1）, start Machine（15）And hydraulic pump（16）, car body（14）Both sides are respectively installed by one trunk positioning and control system（35）, car body（14）Top Rear portion is equipped with hopper（2）, hopper（2）Rear portion bottom and car body（14）It is be hinged；Car body（14）Crossbeam on hydraulic pressure be installed inclined Cover oil cylinder（13）, its lower end and car body（14）It is be hinged, its upper end and hopper（2）Bottom is hinged；Hopper（2）It can be toppled in hydraulic pressure Oil cylinder（13）In the presence of after dumping material；Hopper（2）Internal posterior angle is transversely mounted material blanking roller（27）, material blanking roller（27）In material Case（2）The part in outside is by curved baffle（12）Parcel；Material blanking roller（27）With hopper（2）Lateral clearance between bottom face is discharging opening（30）, discharging opening（30）Rear be strong System send fertile device（11）, force to send fertile device（11）Two blanking grooves（29）Installed in hopper（2）Lower rear, each blanking Groove（29）Front lower disposes hydraulic motor（28）, blanking groove（29）It is middle to arrange conveyor screw along stream direction（31）, conveying Spiral（31）With inclined blanking groove（29）Bottom run through, its one end and hydraulic motor（28）Connect, other end extension penetrates To blanking groove（29）Fertilizer outlet（10）；Fertilizer outlet（10）Managed by pipe joint and fertilising（8）Fertilizer inlet（33）Connect；Connection Fertilising pipe（8）With fertilizer outlet（10）Pipeline be bellows, should be by beeline, minimum elbow and most when corrugated pipe pipeline is arranged Big elbow comes stringing, plastic liner built in bellows, it is desirable to which plastic liner is wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, inner wall smooth, from heavy and light and easily Dismounting cleaning, plastic liner internal diameter of the pipeline take 8 ~ 12cm；Car body（14）With hopper（2）Rear portion is ditching-fertilizing mechanism（34）；Ditching-fertilizing mechanism（34）Pass through elevating mechanism（3）With Car body（14）Connect；Ditching-fertilizing mechanism（34）Including frame（6）, horizontal hydraulic cylinder（32）, depth control apparatus（5）, ditching device（9）、 Fertilising pipe（8）, suppression device（7）；Frame（6）Front upper installs two horizontal hydraulic cylinders（32）, along symmetrical, the horizontal liquid perpendicular to body direction of advance Cylinder pressure（32）Cantilever arm rigid connection depth adjustment（5）；Described horizontal hydraulic cylinder（32）Stretching motion and body advance Motion synthesis ditching device（9）Curvilinear motion, can be in fruit tree root system（36）Surrounding curve trenching applies fertilizer；Work as horizontal hydraulic cylinder （32）Overhang it is constant when, ditching device（9）Straight line ditch can be outputed（39）；Depth adjustment（5）Include vertical guide plate（4）, vertical hydraulic cylinder（17）；Vertical hydraulic cylinder（17）It is fixed on and leads vertically Plate（4）Outside, vertical hydraulic cylinder（17）Cantilever arm lower end rigid connection ditching device（9）, vertical hydraulic cylinder（17）Realize ditching device （9）Movement on vertically, so as to control ditching device（9）Ditching depth；Ditching device（9）Include fixed mount（19）, hydraulic motor（18）, spiral ditching knife（21）, the native case of collection（20）；Fixed mount （19）With vertical hydraulic cylinder（17）Cantilever arm rigid connection, fixed mount（19）Upper end is installed by hydraulic motor（18）, fixed mount（19）Under End installation collects native case（20）, hydraulic motor（18）With spiral ditching knife（21）Connection, spiral ditching knife（21）In hydraulic motor （18）Driving under trench digging, hack, carry soil, and soil is promoted to the native case of collection（20）Orientation paving is spread across spiral ditching knife afterwards（21） In the groove at rear portion, fertilising pipe（8）The rear portion of outlet；Fertilising pipe（8）Positioned at spiral ditching knife（21）Rear, fertilizer pass through fertilising Pipe（8）Pressure is discharged into spiral ditching knife（21）In the groove at rear portion；Collect native case（20）Rear end is soil-unloading port（22）, soil is through unloading soil Mouthful（22）Fall after rise to groove, fertilizer is covered；Suppress device（7）Positioned at frame（6）Rear, include telescopic hydraulic cylinder（26）, swing arm（25）, compacting roller（24）, roll stand （23）, two groups are arranged symmetrically；Swing arm（25）Upper end and frame（6）It is be hinged, lower end and roll stand（23）Bearing pin connects, roll stand（23）On Suspension compacting roller（24）, roll stand（23）With being compacted roller（24）It is spatially positioned at ditching device（9）Rear；Telescopic hydraulic cylinder （26）Upper end and frame（6）It is be hinged, its cantilever arm end and swing arm（25）Bearing pin connects；Described ditching-fertilizing mechanism（34）Pass through elevating mechanism（3）Act on orchard carry out fertilising operation when can drop to Earth's surface, it can be risen when road driving or orchard operation turn around.
- A kind of 7. orchard barnyard manure curve trenching fertilizer applicator according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described engine （15）Drive hydraulic pump（16）, hydraulic pump（16）Output oil pipe respectively with blanking groove（29）The hydraulic motor I of front lower （28）And fixed mount（19）On hydraulic motor II（18）It is connected；Hydraulic pump（16）Output oil pipe and hydraulic motor I（28）, liquid Pressure motor II（18）Between respectively set a flow speed control valve.
- A kind of 8. orchard barnyard manure curve trenching fertilizer applicator according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described hydraulic motor I（28）With hydraulic motor II（18）Output speed it is adjustable.
- A kind of 9. orchard barnyard manure curve trenching fertilizer applicator according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described trunk positioning With control system（35）To both sides trunk（37）Position respectively, to both sides ditching device（9）Control respectively.
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| CN201711099755.1A CN107646245B (en) | 2017-11-09 | 2017-11-09 | Orchard manure curve ditching fertilizer distributor |
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| CN109197046A (en) * | 2018-11-10 | 2019-01-15 | 陕西香凌农业设备有限公司 | The earthing integrated multi-function device of orchard organic fertilizer trench digging row replacement and method |
| CN111886988A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-11-06 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Tea garden fertilizer applicator |
| CN112492938A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-16 | 四川省农业机械研究设计院 | Self-propelled side fertilizer applicator and working method thereof |
| CN112715112A (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-04-30 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Sugarcane seeder with intelligence control structure of sowing |
| CN113207338A (en) * | 2021-06-27 | 2021-08-06 | 西北农林科技大学 | Orchard organic fertilizer ditching-free fertilizer and soil mixed fertilization method and fertilizer applicator |
| CN113632627A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-12 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Self-adjusting spiral fertilizer applicator |
| CN113875567A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-01-04 | 吉林大学 | Accurate fertilizer supplementing device above seeds or at roots of crop seedlings |
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| CN111886988A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-11-06 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Tea garden fertilizer applicator |
| CN112492938A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-16 | 四川省农业机械研究设计院 | Self-propelled side fertilizer applicator and working method thereof |
| CN112492938B (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-10-29 | 四川省农业机械研究设计院 | Self-propelled side fertilizer applicator and working method thereof |
| CN112715112A (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-04-30 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Sugarcane seeder with intelligence control structure of sowing |
| CN113207338A (en) * | 2021-06-27 | 2021-08-06 | 西北农林科技大学 | Orchard organic fertilizer ditching-free fertilizer and soil mixed fertilization method and fertilizer applicator |
| CN113207338B (en) * | 2021-06-27 | 2024-04-09 | 西北农林科技大学 | Ditching-free fertilizer-soil mixed fertilization method for organic fertilizer in orchard and fertilizer applicator |
| CN113632627A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-12 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Self-adjusting spiral fertilizer applicator |
| CN113875567A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-01-04 | 吉林大学 | Accurate fertilizer supplementing device above seeds or at roots of crop seedlings |
| CN113875567B (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-09-16 | 吉林大学 | Accurate fertilizer supplementing device above seeds or at roots of crop seedlings |
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| CN107646245B (en) | 2023-10-03 |
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