CN113207338A - Orchard organic fertilizer ditching-free fertilizer and soil mixed fertilization method and fertilizer applicator - Google Patents
Orchard organic fertilizer ditching-free fertilizer and soil mixed fertilization method and fertilizer applicator Download PDFInfo
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- CN113207338A CN113207338A CN202110715321.XA CN202110715321A CN113207338A CN 113207338 A CN113207338 A CN 113207338A CN 202110715321 A CN202110715321 A CN 202110715321A CN 113207338 A CN113207338 A CN 113207338A
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 364
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 title claims description 27
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 12
- 244000298697 Actinidia deliciosa Species 0.000 description 9
- 235000009436 Actinidia deliciosa Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000001889 Acid-Base Imbalance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000003796 beauty Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
- A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
- A01B49/065—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising the soil-working tools being actively driven
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a ditching-free mixed fertilizer application method for organic fertilizer and soil for an orchard and a fertilizer applicator, and belongs to the field of fertilizer application machinery. The organic fertilizer is mechanically spread on one side or two sides of the soil surface between the rows of the orchard, and is mixed into the orchard soil, the organic fertilizer is distributed in a gradually changed proportion under different soil depths, and meanwhile, the fertilizer is not exposed on the soil surface. The fertilizer applicator mainly comprises a wheel tractor, a traction type vehicle body, a carriage, a fertilizer discharging device, a fertilizer throwing device, a rotating frame, a fertilizer mixing device, an anti-torsion device, a damping device, a swinging device and a hydraulic system. The method and the fertilizer applicator are suitable for the organic fertilizer application operation of the orchard, on one hand, the organic fertilizer is applied to the position suitable for the growth of fruit trees in proportion, the application quality of the fertilizer is improved, on the other hand, the fertilizer applicator completes the operation of fertilizer strip laying and fertilizer soil mixing at one time under the condition of no ditching, the application efficiency of the organic fertilizer of the orchard is improved, the labor intensity is reduced, and a new device is provided for the field of agricultural machinery equipment in China.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a ditching-free mixed fertilizer application method for organic fertilizer and soil for an orchard and a fertilizer applicator, and relates to the field of fertilizer application machinery, in particular to the field of orchard fertilizer application machinery.
Background
The kiwi fruit which is called fruit king, world treasure fruit and vitamin C fruit king is a fruit with extremely high nutritive value, has special health-care function, is a high-grade nourishing nutriment and green health-care product, and is widely used in the fields of medical health care, beauty treatment, skin care, eating and the like.
An important link in the production management of the kiwi fruits is a fertilization link of an orchard, and the fertilization of the orchard has a decisive effect on improving the quality and the yield of the kiwi fruits. The problem of improper fertilization commonly exists in kiwi fruit orchards in China, most of the existing kiwi fruit orchard fertilization mainly uses chemical fertilizers, the organic fertilizers are few, and the organic fertilizers are concentrated in deep layers, so that organic matters in upper soil are deficient, the activities of microorganisms and enzymes are reduced, nutrient substances and nutrients in soil cannot be fully decomposed and utilized, soil hardening is further caused, the soil structure and physicochemical properties are deteriorated, the fertilizer utilization rate is low, the problems of acid-base imbalance, soil fertility reduction and the like are solved, and the problem of soil pollution to a certain degree is also caused. Therefore, the application amount and the application quality of the organic fertilizer in the kiwi fruit garden are improved, and the method has important significance.
Although the organic fertilizer has rich nutrient and nutrient substances, the content is low, so that the unit application amount of the organic fertilizer is large, and the problems of difficult fertilization, high labor intensity and the like exist. The fertilizer applying operation aiming at the organic fertilizer is large in labor amount, the fertilizer applying environment and conditions are severe, the problems of low efficiency, insufficient labor force and the like of traditional manual fertilizer application are solved, the labor intensity and the production cost can be reduced by mechanical fertilizer application, the efficiency is improved, the economic benefit is increased, and the fertilizer applying trend is a necessary trend of orchard fertilizer application. However, China lacks organic fertilizer application machinery suitable for orchards, and organic fertilizer application machinery introduced abroad is not suitable for orchards in planting modes of China and is often high in cost.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a ditching-free mixed fertilizer application method of organic fertilizer for an orchard and a fertilizer applicator, which not only improve the content of organic matters in soil, but also promote the growth of roots of kiwi fruits, and meanwhile, the design of the fertilizer applicator improves the application efficiency of the organic fertilizer for the orchard, reduces the labor intensity, saves the operation energy consumption due to the ditching-free operation, simplifies the operation process, and promotes the development of mechanical organic fertilizer application for the orchard.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to disclose a ditching-free fertilizer and soil mixed fertilization method for an orchard organic fertilizer and a fertilizer applicator, which are used for improving the application quality of the orchard organic fertilizer, improving the application efficiency of the orchard organic fertilizer and reducing the labor intensity.
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: 1) how to improve the application quality of organic fertilizer in the orchard; 2) how to improve orchard fertilizer and use efficiency, reduce intensity of labour.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a ditching-free mixed fertilization method for organic fertilizers and fertile soil of an orchard is characterized in that the organic fertilizers are mechanically spread on one side or two sides of the soil surface between orchard lines in a strip mode and are mixed into orchard soil, the organic fertilizers are distributed in a gradually-changed proportion under different soil depths, and meanwhile, the fertilizers are not exposed on the soil surface, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing an organic fertilizer: preparing an organic fertilizer according to the orchard requirements, adding soil nutrient substances and soil improvement substances, adjusting the nutrients of the organic fertilizer, and performing appropriate harmless treatment according to the requirements;
(2) adjusting mechanical parameters: adjusting mechanical parameters of the fertilizer applicator according to the driving speed of the fertilizer applicator and the fertilization requirement of an orchard to meet the fertilization requirement;
(3) mixing fertile soil: the fertilizer applicator moves forward at a constant speed along the row space of the orchard, the organic fertilizer in the step (1) is spread at the front end of the fertilizer mixer, strips with certain width are formed on the surface of soil along one side or two sides of the row space of the orchard tree, and the width of the strips is not more than that of the fertilizer mixer; the fertilizer mixer on the fertilizer applicator is rotationally cut by the blade to synchronously bring the organic fertilizer into a certain soil depth, so that the gradually changed fertilizer concentration is formed in soil layers with different depths, and the fertilizer is not exposed on the surface layer; according to the agricultural requirements, the trend of gradual change of the fertilizer concentration of different soil layer depths is controlled by the structural parameters and the operation parameters of the fertilizer mixer.
The step (1) can be completely or partially omitted according to different conditions of orchards, fruit trees and fertilizers.
The ditching-free mixed fertilizer application method of the organic fertilizer for the orchard is not only limited to the organic fertilizer, but also applicable to chemical fertilizers.
The ditching-free method in the fertilizing method is characterized in that the soil is not taken out from the ground during fertilizing operation, fertilizing strip ditches are excavated, fertilizer strips are directly paved on the soil surface close to one side or two sides of a fruit tree between rows of an orchard tree, and meanwhile, the organic fertilizer is rotatably cut by blades and brought into a certain soil depth.
The ditching-free fertilizer and soil mixed fertilizer applicator for the orchard organic fertilizer is characterized by at least comprising a wheel type tractor 1, a traction type vehicle body 12, a compartment 2, a fertilizer discharging device 3, a fertilizer throwing device 4, a rotating frame 7, a fertilizer mixing device 9, an anti-torsion device 6, a damping device 5, a swinging device 8 and a hydraulic system.
The tractor comprises a traction type tractor body 12, a carriage 2, a discharge port 11 and a lifting device, wherein the traction type tractor body 12 is hinged to a wheel type tractor 1, the carriage 2 is arranged above the traction type tractor body 12, the rear side plate of the carriage 2 is opened to form the discharge port 11, and the height of the discharge port 11 is adjustable; the fertilizer discharging device 3 is arranged on the bottom surface in the carriage 2, and the rear end of the fertilizer discharging device extends out of the rear part of the carriage 2 from the discharge port 11; the fertilizer throwing device 4 is transversely and horizontally arranged below the rear end of the fertilizer discharging device 3, so that fertilizer discharged through the discharge port 11 falls on the fertilizer throwing device 4, the left side of the fertilizer throwing device 4 is provided with a fertilizer throwing port 10, and a fertilizer falling point of the fertilizer is adjusted through the opening size of the fertilizer throwing port 10.
The rotating frame 7 is horizontally arranged at the rear side of the fertilizer throwing device 4, the front end of the rotating frame is hinged with the bottom of the rear end of the traction type vehicle body 12, and the rear end of the rotating frame is supported by a damping device 5 fixed on the traction type vehicle body 12; the damping device 5 is arranged between the rotating frame 7 and the traction type vehicle body 12 and is used for reducing the vibration amplitude of the rotating frame 7 and avoiding the damage of the device; the swing device 8 is fixedly connected to the left end of the rotating frame 7, and the rotating center line of the swing device is consistent with the advancing direction; the mixed fertilizer device 9 is fixedly connected to the swing device 8, so that the mixed fertilizer device 9 is turned around the rotation center line of the swing device 8, the turning angle range is 0-180 degrees, the turning angle speed and the turning angle are adjustable, and the mixed fertilizer device 9 can properly adjust the included angle with the ground according to different terrains, so that the mixed fertilizer device has certain terrain imitation capability, the operation effect is improved, the mixed fertilizer device 9 can be freely folded, the turning radius of the fertilizer applicator is reduced, and the walking capability of the fertilizer applicator is improved; the torsion resistant device 6 is hinged at the right end of the rotating frame 7; the hydraulic system is mounted at the front end of the tractor body 12.
The fertilizer throwing device 4 at least comprises a driving chain roller 15, a driven chain roller 16, a fertilizer throwing chain plate 14, a fertilizer throwing groove 13 and a fertilizer blocking plate 17; the fertilizer throwing groove 13 is transversely and horizontally arranged at the rear end of the traction type vehicle body 12 and is positioned below the rear end of the fertilizer discharging device 3, a fertilizer throwing chain plate 14 is arranged on the inner bottom surface of the fertilizer throwing groove 13, a driving chain roller 15 and a driven chain roller 16 are arranged at two ends of the outer bottom surface of the fertilizer throwing groove 13, the driving chain roller 15 is parallel to the driven chain roller 16, a fertilizer blocking plate 17 is arranged at the left end of the fertilizer throwing groove 13, and the telescopic distance of the fertilizer blocking plate 17 is adjustable; the fertilizer spreading chain plate 14 is installed around the driving chain roller 15 and the driven chain roller 16, and the upper side of the fertilizer spreading chain plate is supported by the bottom plate of the fertilizer spreading groove 13.
The fertilizer mixing device 9 at least comprises a swing frame 29, a transmission device 23, a fertilizer mixer 27, a depth wheel 24, a mud guard cover 28, a soil leveling planker 26, a pull rod 25 and a turning plate 22; the transmission device 23 is arranged on the right side of the swing frame 29; the fertilizer mixer 27 is transversely arranged at the bottom end of the swing frame 29, and the installation height of the fertilizer mixer 27 ensures that the fertilizer mixer 27 has a certain soil penetration depth during working; the mud guard cover 28 is fixed above the fertilizer mixer 27 to prevent soil particles from splashing during operation; the front end of the soil leveling planker 26 is hinged on a mud guard 28, and the rear end is connected to a swing frame 29 through a pull rod 25 and used for leveling the soil surface after operation; the depth wheel 24 is fixedly connected to the right outer side of the swing frame 29, so that the operation depth of the fertilizer mixing device 9 can be finely adjusted according to the fertilizing requirement; one end of the turnover plate 22 is fixedly connected with the upper end of the right outer side of the swing frame 29, and the other end of the turnover plate is fixedly connected with two ends of the swing device 8.
The fertilizer mixer 27 at least comprises a fertilizer mixing knife roller 30; a certain number of blades 31 are uniformly arranged on the fertilizer mixing knife roll 30, and two ends of the fertilizer mixing knife roll 30 are respectively arranged at the bottom ends of the left side and the right side of the swing frame 29; the fertilizer dropping point of the fertilizer throwing opening 10 is positioned right in front of the fertilizer mixing knife roller 30.
The torsion resistant device 6 at least comprises a balance wheel frame 21, a balance wheel 20, a winch 18 and a steel cable 19; the balance wheel frame 21 is hinged at the right end of the rotating frame 7, and the balance wheels 20 are arranged at the left side and the right side of the balance wheel frame 21; the winch 18 is fixed on the swinging device 8, so that the winch 18 rotates along with the swinging device 8; one end of the steel cable 19 is wound on the winch 18, and the other end is connected with the balance wheel frame 21. When the fertilizer applicator works, the torsion resistant device 6 can be not installed when the torque of the fertilizer applicator is smaller due to the fact that the ground soil is softer or the working depth is shallower.
The fertilizer discharging device 3, the fertilizer throwing device 4, the fertilizer mixing device 9, the swinging device 8 and the hydraulic system power are all from the wheel type tractor 1, wherein the fertilizer discharging device 3, the fertilizer mixing device 9 and the swinging device 8 are all driven by the hydraulic system. The fertilizer throwing amount of the fertilizer applicator can be adjusted by adjusting the rotating speed of the fertilizer discharging device 3 and the size of the discharge hole 11.
After the mixed fertilizer device 9 is turned over and retracted, the fertilizer applicator can be independently used for organic fertilizer strip spreading and fertilizing in a conventional orchard or fertilizing in a ditch.
The utility model provides an orchard fertilizer exempts from to ditching fertile soil and mixes fertilizer distributor, its theory of operation as follows:
the ditching-free mixed fertilizer applicator for organic fertilizer and fertile soil of the orchard can finish the operation of transporting the organic fertilizer in a carriage and throwing the organic fertilizer on the soil surface on one side between rows of the orchard tree to form an organic fertilizer strip with a certain width at one time under the condition of not ditching a fertilizer ditch, and meanwhile, the organic fertilizer is brought into a certain soil depth to form gradually-changed fertilizer concentration in soil layers with different depths, and the surface layer does not expose fertilizer, and the specific process is expressed as follows:
before operation, mechanical parameters including fertilizer discharging speed of a fertilizer discharging device, size of a discharge port, size of a fertilizer throwing port, a fertilizer mixer cutter and rotating speed are adjusted according to agricultural requirements of orchard fertilization and organic fertilizer characteristics, and then a vehicle body is adjusted, a swinging device is controlled to rotate at a certain rotating speed, and the fertilizer mixer is adjusted to a specified position. In the operation, the fertilizer discharging device, the fertilizer throwing device and the fertilizer mixing device are manually started, and the fertilizer applicator is controlled to move forward at a constant speed to mix the organic fertilizer to a certain soil depth. Firstly, discharging organic fertilizer from a discharge port at the rear side of a carriage by a fertilizer discharging device, and dropping the organic fertilizer on a fertilizer throwing device; then, the fertilizer throwing device conveys the organic fertilizer to a left fertilizer throwing port, and after the organic fertilizer is thrown out through the fertilizer throwing port, the organic fertilizer falls on the surface of the orchard soil on one side between the orchard tree rows to form an organic fertilizer strip with certain width and thickness; and finally, the organic fertilizer is brought into a certain soil depth by the fertilizer mixing device, the gradually changed fertilizer concentration is formed in soil layers with different depths, and the fertilizer is not exposed on the surface layer. After operation, the swinging device is controlled to rotate at a certain rotating speed, and the fertilizer mixing device is turned over and retracted.
The beneficial technical effects are as follows: the invention discloses a ditching-free mixed fertilizer application method for an organic fertilizer in an orchard and a fertilizer applicator, which improve the application quality of the organic fertilizer in the orchard, improve the application efficiency of the organic fertilizer in the orchard, reduce the labor intensity, save the operation energy consumption by ditching-free operation and simplify the operation process.
Reference numerals: 1. the device comprises a wheel tractor 2, a compartment 3, a fertilizer discharging device 4, a fertilizer throwing device 5, a damping device 6, an anti-torsion device 7, a rotating frame 8, a swinging device 9, a fertilizer mixing device 10, a fertilizer throwing port 11, a discharge port 12, a traction type vehicle body 13, a fertilizer throwing groove 14, a fertilizer throwing chain plate 15, a driving chain roller 16, a driven chain roller 17, a fertilizer blocking plate 18, a winch 19, a steel cable 20, a balance wheel 21, a balance wheel frame 22, a overturning plate 23, a transmission device 24, a depth limiting wheel 25, a pull rod 26, a soil leveling planker 27, a fertilizer mixer 28, a mud blocking cover 29, a swinging frame 30, a fertilizer mixing knife roller 31, a blade 32, an organic fertilizer 33, soil 34 and a fruit tree.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a left side view of an orchard organic fertilizer ditching-free fertile soil mixed fertilizer applicator;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the orchard organic fertilizer ditching-free fertile soil mixed fertilizer applicator;
FIG. 3 is a partial left side view of an orchard organic fertilizer trenchless fertilizer-soil mixed fertilizer applicator in a non-operation state;
FIG. 4 is a partial right side view of an orchard organic fertilizer trenchless fertilizer-soil mixed fertilizer applicator in a non-operation state;
FIG. 5 is a left side view of a fertilizer throwing device of the orchard organic fertilizer ditching-free fertile soil mixed fertilizer applicator;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a fertilizer throwing chain plate and a chain roller on a fertilizer throwing device of the orchard organic fertilizer ditching-free fertile soil mixed fertilizer applicator;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the left side of the matching mechanism of a ditching-free organic fertilizer and soil mixed fertilizer applicator for orchard;
FIG. 8 is a right side schematic view of a part of mechanism matching of an orchard organic fertilizer ditching-free fertile soil mixed fertilizer applicator;
FIG. 9 is a left side view of a fertilizer mixing device of the orchard fertilizer ditching-free fertilizer and soil mixing fertilizer applicator;
FIG. 10 is a right side view of a fertilizer mixing device of the orchard fertilizer ditching-free fertilizer and soil mixing fertilizer applicator;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the left side of the upper part mechanism of the fertilizer mixing device of the orchard fertilizer ditching-free fertilizer and soil mixing fertilizer applicator;
FIG. 12 is a left side view of a fertilizer mixer on a fertilizer mixing device of the orchard fertilizer ditching-free fertilizer and soil mixing and applying machine;
FIG. 13 is a left side view schematic diagram of the operation of the orchard organic fertilizer ditching-free fertile soil mixed fertilizer applicator;
FIG. 14 is a schematic top view of an orchard organic fertilizer ditching-free fertile soil mixed fertilizer applicator operation;
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a ditching-free mixed fertilization method of organic fertilizer and fertile soil for an orchard.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the specific implementation scheme of the ditching-free mixed fertilization method of the organic fertilizer for the orchard is as follows:
the embodiment is the operation of a ditching-free fertile soil mixed fertilization machine for organic fertilizers in a kiwi fruit garden. The row spacing of the kiwi fruit orchard is 3-5 m, the tree height is 1.6-2.5 m, and the orchard is of a shed frame type structure. The embodiment is integrally completed by the fertilizer applicator.
As shown in fig. 1, 13, 14 and 15, the method for orchard organic fertilizer ditching-free fertile soil mixed fertilization is characterized in that organic fertilizers are mechanically paved on one side or both sides of the soil surface between orchard rows in a strip mode, and an organic fertilizer strip with the width slightly smaller than that of a fertilizer mixer is formed at a distance of about 30cm from the root of a fruit tree; meanwhile, the fertilizer mixer mixes the fertilizer into shallow soil of the orchard, and the depth range is 0-15 cm; the organic fertilizer is distributed in a pyramid shape in a soil depth layer after being mixed with fertilizer, and meanwhile, the fertilizer is not exposed on the surface of the soil, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing an organic fertilizer: preparing an organic fertilizer according to the orchard requirements, adding soil nutrient substances and soil improvement substances, adjusting the nutrients of the organic fertilizer, and carrying out appropriate harmless treatment;
(2) adjusting mechanical parameters: adjusting mechanical parameters of the fertilizer applicator according to the driving speed of the fertilizer applicator and the fertilization requirement of an orchard to meet the fertilization requirement;
(3) mixing fertile soil: the fertilizer applicator moves forward at a constant speed along the row space of the orchard, the organic fertilizer in the step (1) is spread at the front end of the fertilizer mixer, strips with certain width are formed on the surface of soil along one side or two sides of the row space of the orchard tree, and the width of the strips is not more than that of the fertilizer mixer; the fertilizer mixer on the fertilizer applicator is rotationally cut by the blades, the organic fertilizer is synchronously brought into a certain soil depth, a pyramid-shaped distribution rule is formed in a soil layer, and the fertilizer is not exposed on the surface layer.
The ditching-free method in the fertilizing method is characterized in that the soil is not taken out from the ground during fertilizing operation, fertilizing strip ditches are excavated, fertilizer strips are directly paved on the soil surface close to one side or two sides of a fruit tree between rows of an orchard tree, and meanwhile, the organic fertilizer is rotatably cut by blades and brought into a certain soil depth.
A specific implementation structure scheme of the ditching-free mixed fertilizer applicator for organic fertilizer in an orchard is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the orchard organic fertilizer ditching-free fertile soil mixed fertilizer applicator is characterized by at least comprising a wheeled tractor 1, a traction type vehicle body 12, a vehicle box 2, a fertilizer discharging device 3, a fertilizer throwing device 4, a rotating frame 7, a fertilizer mixing device 9, an anti-torsion device 6, a damping device 5, a swinging device 8 and a hydraulic system.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the traction type vehicle body 12 is hinged on the wheeled tractor 1, a compartment 2 is mounted above the traction type vehicle body 12, a discharge port 11 is formed at an opening of a rear side plate of the compartment 2, and the height of the discharge port 11 is adjustable; the fertilizer discharging device 3 is arranged on the bottom surface in the carriage 2, and the rear end of the fertilizer discharging device extends out of the rear part of the carriage 2 from the discharge port 11; the fertilizer throwing device 4 is transversely and horizontally arranged below the rear end of the fertilizer discharging device 3, so that fertilizer discharged through the discharge port 11 falls on the fertilizer throwing device 4, the left side of the fertilizer throwing device 4 is provided with a fertilizer throwing port 10, and a fertilizer falling point of the fertilizer is adjusted through the opening size of the fertilizer throwing port 10.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 8, the rotating frame 7 is horizontally installed at the rear side of the fertilizer spreading device 4, the front end of the rotating frame is hinged with the bottom of the rear end of the traction type vehicle body 12, and the rear end of the rotating frame is supported by the damping device 5 fixed on the traction type vehicle body 12; the damping device 5 is arranged between the rotating frame 7 and the traction type vehicle body 12 and is used for reducing the vibration amplitude of the rotating frame 7 and avoiding the damage of the device; the swing device 8 is fixedly connected to the left end of the rotating frame 7, and the rotating center line of the swing device is consistent with the advancing direction; the mixed fertilizer device 9 is fixedly connected to the swing device 8, so that the mixed fertilizer device 9 is turned around the rotation center line of the swing device 8, the turning angle range is 0-180 degrees, the turning angle speed and the turning angle are adjustable, and the mixed fertilizer device 9 can properly adjust the included angle with the ground according to different terrains, so that the mixed fertilizer device has certain terrain imitation capability, the operation effect is improved, the mixed fertilizer device 9 can be freely folded, the turning radius of the fertilizer applicator is reduced, and the walking capability of the fertilizer applicator is improved; the torsion resistant device 6 is hinged at the right end of the rotating frame 7; the hydraulic system is mounted at the front end of the tractor body 12.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 5 and fig. 6, the fertilizer spreading device 4 at least comprises a driving chain roller 15, a driven chain roller 16, a fertilizer spreading chain plate 14, a fertilizer spreading groove 13 and a fertilizer baffle plate 17; the fertilizer throwing groove 13 is transversely and horizontally arranged at the rear end of the traction type vehicle body 12 and is positioned below the rear end of the fertilizer discharging device 3, a fertilizer throwing chain plate 14 is arranged on the inner bottom surface of the fertilizer throwing groove 13, a driving chain roller 15 and a driven chain roller 16 are arranged at two ends of the outer bottom surface of the fertilizer throwing groove 13, the driving chain roller 15 is parallel to the driven chain roller 16, a fertilizer blocking plate 17 is arranged at the left end of the fertilizer throwing groove 13, and the telescopic distance of the fertilizer blocking plate 17 is adjustable; the fertilizer spreading chain plate 14 is installed around the driving chain roller 15 and the driven chain roller 16, and the upper side of the fertilizer spreading chain plate is supported by the bottom plate of the fertilizer spreading groove 13.
As shown in fig. 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, the fertilizer mixing device 9 at least comprises a swing frame 29, a transmission device 23, a fertilizer mixer 27, a depth wheel 24, a mud guard cover 28, a soil leveling planker 26, a pull rod 25 and a turning plate 22; the transmission device 23 is arranged on the right side of the swing frame 29; the fertilizer mixer 27 is transversely arranged at the bottom end of the swing frame 29, and the installation height of the fertilizer mixer 27 ensures that the fertilizer mixer 27 has a certain soil penetration depth during working; the mud guard cover 28 is fixed above the fertilizer mixer 27 to prevent soil particles from splashing during operation; the front end of the soil leveling planker 26 is hinged on a mud guard 28, and the rear end is connected to a swing frame 29 through a pull rod 25 and used for leveling the soil surface after operation; the depth wheel 24 is fixedly connected to the right outer side of the swing frame 29, so that the operation depth of the fertilizer mixing device 9 can be finely adjusted according to the fertilizing requirement; one end of the turnover plate 22 is fixedly connected with the upper end of the right outer side of the swing frame 29, and the other end of the turnover plate is fixedly connected with two ends of the swing device 8.
As shown in fig. 9, 10, 11 and 12, the fertilizer mixer 27 at least comprises a fertilizer mixing knife roller 30; a certain number of blades 31 are uniformly arranged on the fertilizer mixing knife roll 30, and two ends of the fertilizer mixing knife roll 30 are respectively arranged at the bottom ends of the left side and the right side of the swing frame 29; the fertilizer dropping point of the fertilizer throwing opening 10 is positioned right in front of the fertilizer mixing knife roller 30.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the torsion-resistant device 6 at least comprises a balance wheel frame 21, a balance wheel 20, a winch 18 and a steel cable 19; the balance wheel frame 21 is hinged at the right end of the rotating frame 7, and the balance wheels 20 are arranged at the left side and the right side of the balance wheel frame 21; the winch 18 is fixed on the swinging device 8, so that the winch 18 rotates along with the swinging device 8; one end of the steel cable 19 is wound on the winch 18, and the other end is connected with the balance wheel frame 21. When the fertilizer applicator works, the torsion resistant device 6 can be not installed when the torque of the fertilizer applicator is smaller due to the fact that the ground soil is softer or the working depth is shallower.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the fertilizer discharging device 3, the fertilizer throwing device 4, the fertilizer mixing device 9, the swinging device 8 and the hydraulic system power all come from the wheeled tractor 1, wherein the fertilizer discharging device 3, the fertilizer mixing device 9 and the swinging device 8 are all driven by the hydraulic system. The fertilizer throwing amount of the fertilizer applicator can be adjusted by adjusting the rotating speed of the fertilizer discharging device 3 and the size of the discharge hole 11.
After the fertilizer mixing device 9 is turned over and retracted, the fertilizer applicator can be independently used for organic fertilizer strip spreading and fertilizing or fertilizing furrows in a conventional orchard, as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4.
Further explaining the working principle of the orchard organic fertilizer ditching-free fertile soil mixed fertilizer applicator disclosed by the invention:
the ditching-free mixed fertilizer applicator for organic fertilizer and fertile soil of the orchard can finish the operation of transporting the organic fertilizer in a carriage and throwing the organic fertilizer on the soil surface on one side between rows of the orchard tree to form an organic fertilizer strip with a certain width at one time under the condition of not ditching a fertilizer ditch, and meanwhile, the organic fertilizer is brought into a certain soil depth to form gradually-changed fertilizer concentration in soil layers with different depths, and the surface layer does not expose fertilizer, and the specific process is expressed as follows:
before operation, mechanical parameters including fertilizer discharging speed of a fertilizer discharging device, size of a discharge port, size of a fertilizer throwing port, a fertilizer mixer cutter and rotating speed are adjusted according to agricultural requirements of orchard fertilization and organic fertilizer characteristics, and then a vehicle body is adjusted, a swinging device is controlled to rotate at a certain rotating speed, and the fertilizer mixer is adjusted to a specified position. In the operation, the fertilizer discharging device, the fertilizer throwing device and the fertilizer mixing device are manually started, and the fertilizer applicator is controlled to move forward at a constant speed to mix the organic fertilizer to a certain soil depth. Firstly, discharging organic fertilizer from a discharge port at the rear side of a carriage by a fertilizer discharging device, and dropping the organic fertilizer on a fertilizer throwing device; then, the fertilizer throwing device conveys the organic fertilizer to a left fertilizer throwing port, and after the organic fertilizer is thrown out through the fertilizer throwing port, the organic fertilizer falls on the surface of the orchard soil on one side between the orchard tree rows to form an organic fertilizer strip with certain width and thickness; and finally, the organic fertilizer is brought into a certain soil depth by the fertilizer mixing device, the gradually changed fertilizer concentration is formed in soil layers with different depths, and the fertilizer is not exposed on the surface layer. After operation, the swinging device is controlled to rotate at a certain rotating speed, and the fertilizer mixing device is turned over and retracted.
Claims (7)
1. A ditching-free mixed fertilization method for organic fertilizers and fertile soil of an orchard is characterized in that the organic fertilizers are mechanically spread on one side or two sides of the soil surface between orchard lines in a strip mode and are mixed into orchard soil, the organic fertilizers are distributed in a gradually-changed proportion under different soil depths, and meanwhile, the fertilizers are not exposed on the soil surface, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing an organic fertilizer: preparing an organic fertilizer according to the orchard requirements, adding soil nutrient substances and soil improvement substances, adjusting the nutrients of the organic fertilizer, and performing appropriate harmless treatment according to the requirements;
(2) adjusting mechanical parameters: adjusting mechanical parameters of the fertilizer applicator according to the driving speed of the fertilizer applicator and the fertilization requirement of an orchard to meet the fertilization requirement;
(3) mixing fertile soil: the fertilizer applicator moves forward at a constant speed along the row space of the orchard, the organic fertilizer in the step (1) is spread at the front end of the fertilizer mixer, strips with certain width are formed on the surface of soil along one side or two sides of the row space of the orchard tree, and the width of the strips is not more than that of the fertilizer mixer; the fertilizer mixer on the fertilizer applicator is rotationally cut by the blade to synchronously bring the organic fertilizer into a certain soil depth, so that the gradually changed fertilizer concentration is formed in soil layers with different depths, and the fertilizer is not exposed on the surface layer; according to the agricultural requirements, the trend of gradual change of the fertilizer concentration of different soil layer depths is controlled by the structural parameters and the operation parameters of the fertilizer mixer.
2. The ditching-free mixed fertilization method of organic fertilizers and rich soil for orchards according to claim 1, wherein the step (1) can be completely or partially omitted according to different conditions of orchards, fruit trees and fertilizers.
3. The orchard organic fertilizer ditching-free fertile soil mixed fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that the orchard organic fertilizer ditching-free fertile soil mixed fertilization method is not only limited to organic fertilizers, but also applicable to chemical fertilizers.
4. A ditching-free organic fertilizer and fertile soil mixed fertilizer applicator for an orchard is characterized by at least comprising a wheel type tractor (1), a traction type vehicle body (12), a carriage (2), a fertilizer discharging device (3), a fertilizer throwing device (4), a rotating frame (7), a fertilizer mixing device (9), a torsion resisting device (6), a damping device (5), a swinging device (8) and a hydraulic system;
the tractor is characterized in that the traction type tractor body (12) is hinged to the wheel tractor (1), a carriage (2) is mounted above the traction type tractor body (12), a discharge port (11) is formed in an opening of a rear side plate of the carriage (2), and the height of the discharge port (11) is adjustable; the fertilizer discharging device (3) is arranged on the inner bottom surface of the carriage (2), and the rear end of the fertilizer discharging device extends out of the rear part of the carriage (2) from the discharge hole (11); the fertilizer throwing device (4) is horizontally arranged below the rear end of the fertilizer discharging device (3) in a transverse direction, so that fertilizer discharged through the discharge port (11) falls on the fertilizer throwing device (4), a fertilizer throwing port (10) is formed in the left side of the fertilizer throwing device (4), and the opening size of the fertilizer throwing port (10) is adjustable;
the rotating frame (7) is horizontally arranged at the rear side of the fertilizer throwing device (4), the front end of the rotating frame is hinged with the bottom of the rear end of the traction type vehicle body (12), and the rear end of the rotating frame is supported by a damping device (5) fixed on the traction type vehicle body (12); the damping device (5) is arranged between the rotating frame (7) and the traction type vehicle body (12); the swing device (8) is fixedly connected to the left end of the rotating frame (7), and the rotating center line of the swing device is consistent with the advancing direction; the fertilizer mixing device (9) is fixedly connected to the swinging device (8), so that the fertilizer mixing device (9) is turned over around the rotating central line of the swinging device (8), the turning angle range is 0-180 degrees, and the turning angle speed and the turning angle are adjustable; the torsion resistant device (6) is hinged at the right end of the rotating frame (7); the hydraulic system is arranged at the front end of the traction type vehicle body (12);
the fertilizer throwing device (4) at least comprises a driving chain roller (15), a driven chain roller (16), a fertilizer throwing chain plate (14), a fertilizer throwing groove (13) and a fertilizer blocking plate (17); the fertilizer throwing groove (13) is transversely and horizontally arranged at the rear end of the traction type vehicle body (12) and is positioned below the rear end of the fertilizer discharging device (3), a fertilizer throwing chain plate (14) is arranged on the inner bottom surface of the fertilizer throwing groove (13), a driving chain roller (15) and a driven chain roller (16) are arranged at two ends of the outer bottom surface of the fertilizer throwing groove (13), the driving chain roller (15) is parallel to the driven chain roller (16), a fertilizer blocking plate (17) is arranged at the left end of the fertilizer throwing groove (13), and the telescopic distance of the fertilizer blocking plate (17) is adjustable; the fertilizer throwing chain plate (14) is arranged around the driving chain roller (15) and the driven chain roller (16), and the upper side of the fertilizer throwing chain plate is supported by the bottom plate of the fertilizer throwing groove (13);
the fertilizer mixing device (9) at least comprises a swing frame (29), a transmission device (23), a fertilizer mixer (27), a depth wheel (24), a mud guard (28), a soil leveling planker (26), a pull rod (25) and a turnover plate (22); a transmission device (23) is arranged on the right side of the swing frame (29); the fertilizer mixer (27) is transversely arranged at the bottom end of the swing frame (29), and the installation height of the fertilizer mixer (27) ensures a certain soil penetration depth when in work; the mud blocking cover (28) is fixed above the fertilizer mixer (27); the front end of the soil leveling planker (26) is hinged on the mud blocking cover (28), and the rear end of the soil leveling planker is connected to the swing frame (29) through a pull rod (25); the depth wheel (24) is fixedly connected to the right outer side of the swing frame (29); one end of the turnover plate (22) is fixedly connected with the upper end of the right outer side of the swing frame (29), and the other end of the turnover plate is fixedly connected with two ends of the swing device (8);
the fertilizer mixer (27) at least comprises a fertilizer mixing knife roller (30); a certain number of blades (31) are uniformly arranged on the fertilizer mixing knife roll (30), and two ends of the fertilizer mixing knife roll (30) are respectively arranged at the bottom ends of the left side and the right side of the swing frame (29); the fertilizer dropping point of the fertilizer throwing opening (10) is positioned right in front of the fertilizer mixing knife roller (30).
5. The ditching-free fertilizer and soil mixing fertilizer applicator for orchard garden organic fertilizer according to claim 4, wherein the torsion resistant device (6) comprises at least a balance wheel frame (21), a balance wheel (20), a winch (18) and a steel cable (19); the balance wheel frame (21) is hinged at the right end of the rotating frame (7), and the balance wheels (20) are arranged at the left side and the right side of the balance wheel frame (21); the winch (18) is fixed on the swinging device (8), so that the winch (18) rotates along with the swinging device (8); one end of the steel cable (19) is wound on the winch (18), and the other end of the steel cable is connected with the balance wheel carrier (21); the torsion resistant device (6) can be selectively installed according to the operation conditions of the fertilizer applicator.
6. The orchard organic fertilizer ditching-free fertile soil mixed fertilizer distributor according to claim 4, wherein the fertilizer discharging device (3), the fertilizer throwing device (4), the fertilizer mixing device (9), the swinging device (8) and a hydraulic system power are all from a wheel type tractor (1), and the fertilizer discharging device (3), the fertilizer mixing device (9) and the swinging device (8) are all driven by the hydraulic system.
7. The orchard organic fertilizer ditching-free fertilizer and soil mixing and fertilizing machine as claimed in claim 4, wherein after the fertilizer mixing device (9) is turned over and retracted, the fertilizer machine can be independently used for conventional orchard organic fertilizer strip-spreading fertilization or ditch fertilization.
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| CN202110715321.XA CN113207338B (en) | 2021-06-27 | 2021-06-27 | Ditching-free fertilizer-soil mixed fertilization method for organic fertilizer in orchard and fertilizer applicator |
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| CN115316074A (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-11-11 | 中国农业大学 | Chain disc combination and bionic ditching layered deep organic fertilizer applicator for forest orchard |
| CN115633570A (en) * | 2022-11-08 | 2023-01-24 | 西北农林科技大学 | Film-covered corn deep layer fertilizer applicator |
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