CN104856159A - 一种无糖复合型鲜茧缫丝蚕蛹蛋白饮料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种无糖复合型鲜茧缫丝蚕蛹蛋白饮料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104856159A CN104856159A CN201510220453.XA CN201510220453A CN104856159A CN 104856159 A CN104856159 A CN 104856159A CN 201510220453 A CN201510220453 A CN 201510220453A CN 104856159 A CN104856159 A CN 104856159A
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- silkworm chrysalis
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- fresh cocoon
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
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- A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
- A23L2/66—Proteins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
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Abstract
一种无糖复合型鲜茧缫丝蚕蛹蛋白饮料,其组分与质量百分含量为:蚕蛹蛋白浆12-18%、牛奶10-25%、百香果果汁6-10%、低聚果糖5-10%、NaHCO30.05-0.1%、黄原胶0.05-0.1%、羧甲其纤维素钠0.1-0.25%、单甘脂0.03-0.05%,其余用水定容。采用鲜茧缫丝蚕蛹经清洗、漂烫、打浆、过滤、用果汁、牛奶和低聚果糖调配、杀菌、均质、高压瞬时灭菌、装瓶等工序制成,本发明采用鲜茧缫丝蚕蛹为原料,所制成的复合型蛋白饮料具有色泽美观、香气怡人、口感细腻、风味独特、营养丰富的特点,符合现代人低糖营养的健康方式,是一种老少皆宜的营养健康饮品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种蛋白饮料及制备方法,特别是一种无糖复合型鲜茧缫丝蚕蛹蛋白饮料及其制备方法。
背景技术
蚕蛹(Silkworm pupa)为蚕蛾科昆虫家蚕蛾的蛹,是缫丝业的最大宗副产物。蚕蛹是是卫生部发布的“作为普通食品管理的食品资源名单”中唯一的昆虫类食品。早在《本草纲目》中就记载有蚕蛹“为未饮服,治小儿疳瘦,长肌,退热,除蛔虫;煎汁饮,止消渴”。蚕蛹营养价值非常丰富,干蚕蛹含粗蛋白55%~60%,粗脂肪25%~30%,含有人体生长所需的的18种氨基酸,其中8种必需氨基酸含量占蛋白质总量的40%以上,营养可与鸡蛋、牛奶媲美,其营养结构符合FAO/WHO的蛋白质模式标准。蚕蛹中的蛋白主要是球蛋白,人体易消化吸收;蚕蛹油脂中75%为油酸、亚麻酸和亚油酸等不饱和脂肪酸,蚕蛹还含有锌、铁、锰等微量元素,含有抗菌肽和溶菌酶等活性物质,不含性激素。药理学试验证实蚕蛹具有较高的营养价值,并具有增强免疫力、护肝和抗肿瘤等功能,因此蚕蛹非常适合作为婴幼儿和老年人的营养食品原料。
蚕蛹因富含人体必需营养与活性成分而在食品、医药等领域被广泛开发利用。我国年产干蚕蛹30万t以上,约占全世界蚕蛹总产量的80%,蚕蛹资源非常丰富。传统的烘茧缫丝工艺过程中,蚕蛹经强热干燥、高温煮沸处理造成蛋白质和脂肪成分的严重破坏,极大地降低了其营养价值,甚至产生不良气味和有毒、有害物质。鲜茧缫丝是近几年缫丝技术路线改进的新工艺,省去鲜茧烘干的环节,不仅能完整地保全鲜茧的质量,降低缫丝成本,而且也提高了副产物缫丝蚕蛹的品质,更加有益于缫丝蚕蛹的开发利用。然而,目前鲜茧缫丝蚕蛹主要作为冻蛹运往国外,在国内进行食品加工的产品不多见,主要是由于存在以下几个问题:(1)鲜茧缫丝蚕蛹营养丰富不易贮存,当环境温度超过25℃,若长时间暴露在空气中,微生物繁殖迅速,散发出臭味,影响食用加工的品质。(2)鲜茧缫丝蚕蛹的贮藏成本高,蚕蛹的保存主要是通过冷库快速冷冻,因而对于没有冷库的厂家加工就受到了限制。(3)蚕蛹中特有的腥味让大部分人产生一种抵触心理,较难接受。(4)昆虫食品加工技术较落后,国内对于蚕蛹食品的加工大多还处于原形食品的加工。因此,针对以上的问题,要合理的利用鲜茧缫丝蚕蛹资源,降低贮藏的成本,改变传统的加工模式,开发出集天然、营养、保健为一体的蚕蛹功能食品对于提高蚕桑资源高值化利用具有重要的意义。
蛋白饮料是以水为分散介质,呈乳状液态,具有热的不稳定性,影响蛋白饮料稳定性的主要因素是浓度、粒子大小、pH值、电解质、微生物、环境温度等。蚕蛹蛋白主要以球蛋白为主,不溶于水,溶于中性盐或具有一定离子强度的溶液中;蚕蛹蛋白液等电点的pH值约为4.5~5,百香果的pH值约为2~4,蚕蛹与百香果汁混合时易引起蛋白絮凝状;同时,由于蚕蛹蛋白液和牛奶中还含有脂肪,易造成脂肪上浮,无残渣沉淀和蛋白质絮凝等问题。因此,采用均质方法并通过添加相应的增稠剂与乳化剂是解决蛋白饮料稳定性的关键技术之一。
发明内容
为了充分利用资源优势并降低鲜茧缫丝蚕蛹的贮藏成本和克服蚕蛹食品加工中存在的问题,解决复合型蛋白饮料的稳定性问题,本发明通过大量的试验筛选,目的在于提供一种制备方法简单,具有补充蛋白质,增强免疫力,老少皆宜的无糖复合型营养健康蛋白饮料及其制备方法。
本发明采用以下技术方案来实现上述目的:一种无糖复合型鲜茧缫丝蚕蛹蛋白饮料,利用鲜茧缫丝的蚕蛹打浆,加入低聚果糖、牛奶和百香果汁制成的蚕蛹蛋白饮料,其中所含的组分及质量百分含量为:
所述的蚕蛹是茧缫丝厂的鲜蚕蛹。
所述无糖是指不添加糖,用低聚果糖来代替传统的蔗糖。
所述的无糖复合型鲜茧缫丝蚕蛹的蛋白饮料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)蚕蛹蛋白液制备:将蚕蛹用清水漂洗2-3次,在沸水中灭酶3min,用榨汁机榨汁,称取12-18%的蚕蛹蛋白液备用;
(2)蛋白液水解预处理:将0.05-0.1%NaHCO3加入到步骤(1)制备得的的蚕蛹蛋白液中,混合均匀后置于4℃冰箱进行蛋白液水解4h,用100目筛网过滤备用;
(3)加低聚果糖:将6-10%低聚果糖添加到步骤(2)得到的蛋白液中;
(4)加牛奶:将15-25%牛奶加入到步骤(3)得到的蛋白液中;
(5)增稠剂与乳化剂预处理:把增稠剂与乳化剂加入到步骤(4)得到的蛋白液中,其中增稠剂羧甲其纤维素钠为0.1%-0.25%,乳化剂黄原胶为0.05%-0.1%,乳化剂单甘脂为0.03%-0.05%;
(6)果汁预处理:将百香果的果肉用榨汁机榨汁,用100目筛网过滤后,称取6-10%果汁用水定容稀释备用;
(7)调配杀菌:把经过步骤(6)预处理过的果汁缓慢加入到步骤(5)得到的蛋白液中,混合均匀后加热灭菌,温度100℃,时间10min;
(8)均质:把步骤(7)得到的蛋白液迅速冷却至60-65℃时进行均质,均质压力为25MPa,然后进行二次均质,均质压力为15MPa;
(9)UHT瞬时灭菌:均质后的蛋白液采用UHT进行瞬时杀菌;
(10)装瓶:瞬时灭菌后在无菌状态下装瓶。
所述的步骤(5)中的增稠剂与乳化剂预处理是在添加时要缓慢加入使其与蛋白液搅拌均匀成糊状,避免形成颗粒降低增稠剂与乳化剂的效果。
所述的步骤(7)中把经过步骤(6)预处理过的果汁缓慢加入到步骤(5)得到的蛋白液中的时候,要缓慢添加并不停搅拌蛋白液,缓慢加入酸性的百香的果汁能够迅速通过蛋白的等电点,避免蛋白形成颗粒状沉淀。
除另有说明外,本发明所述的百分比均为质量百分比,各组分含量百分数之和为100%。
上述的鲜茧缫丝蚕蛹是缫丝厂一大宗的副产物,由于在冷库中冻存,很好地保存了蚕蛹的品质,与新鲜的蚕蛹相比无太大的差异,但成本相对较低,是作为蚕蛹食品加工的上好原材料。
上述的低聚果糖(fructooligosaccharide.FOS),又名果寡糖,是一种不被人体消化吸收,直接到达大肠,在肠道内迅速增殖双歧杆菌等益生菌增生剂,又称双歧因子。低聚果糖是一种天然活性物质,甜度为蔗糖的0.3-0.6倍,是一种甜味适度、纯天然、口感良好的甜味剂,具有调节肠道菌群,增殖双歧杆菌,促进钙的吸收,调节血脂,免疫调节,抗龋齿等保健功能,广泛应用于乳制品、乳酸菌饮料、固体饮料、糖果、饼干、面包、果冻、冷饮等多种食品。而且由于其低热量、高纤维、胰岛素反应平稳等等优点,还可作为糖尿病人的甜味剂。
上述的百香果,学名西番莲,为多年生常绿藤本果树,属于西番莲科(passifloraceae)西番莲属植物,是热带特有水果,风味独特,香味浓郁,含有菠萝、香蕉、草莓、苹果、酸梅、芒果等165种水果香味,其果实中含有超过132种以上的芳香物质,果汁营养丰富,气味芳香,是举世闻名的香料水果,有“果汁之王”的美誉;百香果含有非常丰富的天然维他命C,每100克果汁中就含有维他命C为34.6毫克,还富含维他命A、B1、B2等,另外还含有丰富的钙、磷、铁和多种氨基酸等物质,具有消炎止痛、活血强身、降脂降压、滋阴补肾、提神醒酒、消除疲劳、护肤养颜等功效,常用于制作成饮料。
本发明的有益效果在于:
(1)采用的是鲜茧缫丝蚕蛹,保证了蚕蛹的品质,与采用鲜蛹加工相比降低了生产成本,提高了缫丝厂副产物的开发利用。
(2)采用的蚕蛹蛋白浆经清洗、烫漂、榨汁、水解、过滤的工艺制得,有别于其他获得蚕蛹蛋白浆的方式,其制备方法简单,节能环保,易操作。
(3)采用牛奶和百香果添加到蚕蛹蛋白液中,使口感与香味相互协调,不仅掩盖了蚕蛹本身的腥味,同时增加了奶香味和水果的香味。
(4)利用低聚果糖代替传统的蔗糖作为甜味剂,对调节肠道菌群,增加双歧杆菌,促进钙的吸收,调节血脂,免疫调节具有很好的功效,同时避免了人体摄入过多的糖与热量。
(5)结合了蚕蛹、百香果、牛奶以及低聚果糖中的多种营养物质,通过合理地添加增稠剂与乳化剂从而解决了蛋白饮料中蛋白质沉降分层等不稳定因素,使丰富的蛋白物质、不饱和脂肪酸、多种维生素、微量元素、益生菌等有效地结合在一起,实现了营养成分的互补,具有补充蛋白质,增强免疫力、益智健脑、养颜美容的功效,是一种新型健康营养、老少皆宜的复合型蛋白饮料。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步说明。
实施例1
本实施例所述的无糖复合型鲜茧缫丝蚕蛹蛋白饮料,各组分及质量百分含量为:
蚕蛹蛋白液18%;牛奶22%;百香果的果汁10%;NaHCO3 0.1%;低聚果糖10%;羧甲其纤维素钠0.15%;黄原胶0.1%;单甘脂0.05%;其余为水。
本实施例所述的无糖复合型鲜茧缫丝蚕蛹蛋白饮料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)蚕蛹蛋白液制备:挑选新鲜健康无病的蚕蛹,用清水漂洗2-3次,在沸水中烫漂3min,捞起沥干,用榨汁机榨汁后称取18%的蚕蛹蛋白液备用;
(2)蚕蛹蛋白水解:用0.1%NaHCO3溶液浸提蚕蛹液,置于4℃冰箱进行水解4h,用100目筛网过滤备用;
(3)添加低聚果糖:在水解后蛋白液中添加10%低聚果糖;
(4)添加牛奶:在添加了低聚果糖的蛋白液中添加22%牛奶;
(5)增稠剂与乳化剂预处理:把增稠剂与乳化剂加到步骤(4)得到的蛋白液中,其中增稠剂羧甲其纤维素钠为0.1%-0.25%,乳化剂黄原胶为0.05%-0.1%,乳化剂单甘脂为0.03%-0.05%;
(6)添加百香果的果汁:将百香果的果肉用榨汁机榨汁,用100目筛网过滤后,称取10%果汁用定容的水稀释备用;
(7)调配杀菌:果汁缓慢加到添加了增稠剂与乳化剂的蛋白液中,混合均匀后加热灭菌,温度100℃,时间10min;
(8)均质:把灭菌过蛋白饮料迅速冷却至65℃时进行均质,均质压力为25MPa,进行二次均质,均质压力为15MPa;
(9)UHT瞬时灭菌:均质后的蛋白采用UHT进行瞬时杀菌;
(10)装瓶:瞬时灭菌后在无菌状态下装瓶制得成品;
上述所制的无糖复合型鲜茧缫丝蚕蛹蛋白饮料经感官评定,饮料为浅黄色,色泽均一、香气怡人、口感细腻、风味独特。
实施例2
本实施例所述的无糖复合型鲜茧缫丝蚕蛹蛋白饮料,各组分及质量百分含量为:
蚕蛹蛋白液15%;牛奶25%;百香果的果汁8%;NaHCO3 0.1%;低聚果糖8%;羧甲其纤维素钠0.2%;黄原胶0.08%;单甘脂0.04%;其余为水;
本实施例所述的无糖复合型鲜茧缫丝蚕蛹蛋白饮料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)蚕蛹蛋白液制备:挑选新鲜健康无病的蚕蛹,用清水漂洗2-3次,在沸水中烫漂3min,捞起沥干,用榨汁机榨汁后称取15%的蚕蛹蛋白液备用;
(2)蚕蛹蛋白水解:用0.1%NaHCO3溶液浸提蚕蛹液,置于4℃冰箱进行水解4h,用100目筛网过滤备用;
(3)添加低聚果糖:在水解后蛋白液中添加8%低聚果糖;
(4)添加牛奶:在添加了低聚果糖的蛋白液中添加25%牛奶;
(5)添加增稠剂与乳化剂:在不断搅拌的情况下,依次缓慢加入增稠剂为0.2%羧甲其纤维素钠、乳化剂为0.08%黄原胶和0.04%单甘脂,使其与蛋白液混合均匀成糊状;
(6)添加百香果的果汁:将百香果的果肉用榨汁机榨汁,用100目筛网过滤后,称取8%果汁用定容的水稀释备用;
(7)调配杀菌:果汁缓慢加到添加了增稠剂与乳化剂的蛋白液中,混合均匀后加热灭菌,温度100℃,时间10min;
(8)均质:把灭菌过蛋白饮料迅速冷却至60℃时进行均质,均质压力为25MPa,进行二次均质,均质压力为15MPa;
(9)UHT瞬时灭菌:均质后的蛋白采用UHT进行瞬时杀菌;
(10)装瓶:瞬时灭菌后在无菌状态下装瓶制得成品;
上述所制的无糖复合型鲜茧缫丝蚕蛹蛋白饮料经感官评定,饮料为淡浅黄色,色泽均一、香气怡人、口感细腻、乳液体系稳定。
实施例3
本实施例所述的无糖复合型鲜茧缫丝蚕蛹蛋白饮料,各组分及质量百分含量为:
蚕蛹蛋白液12%;牛奶20%;百香果的果汁10%;NaHCO3 0.1%;低聚果糖6%;羧甲其纤维素钠0.25%;黄原胶0.05%;单甘脂0.05%;其余为水。
本实施例所述的无糖复合型鲜茧缫丝蚕蛹蛋白饮料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)蚕蛹蛋白液制备:挑选新鲜健康无病的蚕蛹,用清水漂洗2-3次,在沸水中烫漂3min,捞起沥干,用榨汁机榨汁后称取12%的蚕蛹蛋白液备用;
(2)蚕蛹蛋白水解:用0.1%NaHCO3溶液浸提蚕蛹液,置于4℃冰箱进行水解4h,用100目筛网过滤备用;
(3)添加低聚果糖:在水解后蛋白液中添加6%低聚果糖;
(4)添加牛奶:在添加了低聚果糖的蛋白液中添加20%牛奶;
(5)添加增稠剂与乳化剂:在不断搅拌的情况下,依次缓慢加入增稠剂为0.25%羧甲其纤维素钠,乳化剂为0.05%黄原胶和0.05%单甘脂,使其与蛋白液混合均匀成糊状;
(6)添加百香果的果汁:将百香果的果肉用榨汁机榨汁,用100目筛网过滤后,称取10%果汁用定容的水稀释备用;
(7)调配杀菌:果汁缓慢加到添加了增稠剂与乳化剂的蛋白液中,混合均匀后加热灭菌,温度100℃,时间10min;
(8)均质:把灭菌过蛋白饮料迅速冷却至60℃时进行均质,均质压力为25MPa,进行二次均质,均质压力为15MPa;
(9)UHT瞬时灭菌:均质后的蛋白采用UHT进行瞬时杀菌;
(10)装瓶:瞬时灭菌后在无菌状态下装瓶制得成品。
上述所制的无糖复合型鲜茧缫丝蚕蛹蛋白饮料经感官评定,饮料为浅黄色,色泽均一、香气怡人、口感细腻、酸甜适口。
本发明不受限于以上的实施例子,上述的实例只是说明书中的例子,在不脱离本发明原理和配方范围内,本发明的工艺配方还可不断地改进,这些改进也视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种无糖复合型鲜茧缫丝蚕蛹蛋白饮料,其特征在于,利用鲜茧缫丝的蚕蛹打浆,加入低聚果糖、牛奶和百香果汁制成的蚕蛹蛋白饮料,其中所含的组分及质量百分含量为:
2.根据权利要求1所述的无糖复合型鲜茧缫丝蚕蛹的蛋白饮料,其特征在于:所述的蚕蛹是茧缫丝厂的鲜蚕蛹。
3.根据权利要求1所述的无糖复合型鲜茧缫丝蚕蛹的蛋白饮料,其特征在于:所述无糖是指不添加糖,用低聚果糖来代替传统的蔗糖。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的无糖复合型鲜茧缫丝蚕蛹的蛋白饮料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)蚕蛹蛋白液制备:将蚕蛹用清水漂洗2-3次,在沸水中灭酶3min,用榨汁机榨汁,称取12-18%的蚕蛹蛋白液备用;
(2)蛋白液水解预处理:将0.05-0.1%NaHCO3加入到步骤(1)制备得的的蚕蛹蛋白液中,混合均匀后置于4℃冰箱进行蛋白液水解4h,用100目筛网过滤备用;
(3)加低聚果糖:将6-10%低聚果糖添加到步骤(2)得到的蛋白液中;
(4)加牛奶:将15-25%牛奶加入到步骤(3)得到的蛋白液中;
(5)增稠剂与乳化剂预处理:把增稠剂与乳化剂加入到步骤(4)得到的蛋白液中,其中增稠剂羧甲其纤维素钠为0.1%-0.25%,乳化剂黄原胶为0.05%-0.1%,乳化剂单甘脂为0.03%-0.05%;
(6)果汁预处理:将百香果的果肉用榨汁机榨汁,用100目筛网过滤后,称取6-10%果汁用水定容稀释备用;
(7)调配杀菌:把经过步骤(6)预处理过的果汁缓慢加入到步骤(5)得到的蛋白液中,混合均匀后加热灭菌,温度100℃,时间10min;
(8)均质:把步骤(7)得到的蛋白液迅速冷却至60-65℃时进行均质,均质压力为25MPa,然后进行二次均质,均质压力为15MPa;
(9)UHT瞬时灭菌:均质后的蛋白液采用UHT进行瞬时杀菌;
(10)装瓶:瞬时灭菌后在无菌状态下装瓶。
5.根据权利要求4所述的无糖复合型鲜茧缫丝蚕蛹蛋白饮料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤(5)中的增稠剂与乳化剂预处理是在添加时要缓慢加入使其与蛋白液搅拌均匀成糊状,避免形成颗粒降低增稠剂与乳化剂的效果。
6.根据权利要求4所述的无糖复合型鲜茧缫丝蚕蛹蛋白饮料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤(7)中把经过步骤(6)预处理过的果汁缓慢加入到步骤(5)得到的蛋白液中的时候,要缓慢添加并不停搅拌蛋白液,缓慢加入酸性的百香的果汁能够迅速通过蛋白的等电点,避免蛋白形成颗粒状沉淀。
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