CN104822955A - 滚动装置 - Google Patents

滚动装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104822955A
CN104822955A CN201380062827.9A CN201380062827A CN104822955A CN 104822955 A CN104822955 A CN 104822955A CN 201380062827 A CN201380062827 A CN 201380062827A CN 104822955 A CN104822955 A CN 104822955A
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oil
ring raceway
fat
yield stress
tourelle
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渡部绘里
园田健太郎
户田雄次郎
八谷耕一
山本笃弘
山本正道
松原宪一郎
今井淳一
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NSK Ltd
Kyodo Yushi Co Ltd
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Kyodo Yushi Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明的滚动装置封入有油脂组合物,所述油脂组合物含有作为增稠剂的混合物和基油,其中该基油的40℃下的动粘度为15~80mm2/s,该混合物是12-羟基硬脂酸锂、与碳数为6~12的脂肪酸锂的混合物,且该油脂组合物的滴点为190~240℃并且屈服应力为1.2~5kPa。由此,进行低力矩化并改善音响寿命。

Description

滚动装置
技术领域
本发明涉及滚动装置,特别是目的在于实现低力矩化并改善音响寿命。
以空调机风扇马达为代表的家电用马达用滚动轴承支持旋转轴,轴承要求低力矩。作为用于降低力矩的方法,降低基油的动粘度,或者将稠度设定得小。然而,当基油粘度过低时,由于在滚动接触面难以形成油膜,失去润滑性能,或者耐热性变低,因此耐久性差。
另外,家电用的马达由于在室内使用的情况多,因此要求轴承长时间维持静音性。作为提高音响寿命的方法,一般的方法是为了确保轴承内部的油膜而提高基油粘度,但提高基油粘度与上述的低力矩难以兼顾。
当前,马达用滚动轴承广泛使用:在低粘度的酯油中配合锂皂的锂皂类油脂(例如参照专利文献1);在合成烃油中配合尿素化合物的尿素类油脂组合物(例如参照专利文献2)。然而,虽然锂皂类油脂的音响特性良好,但耐热性不够,高温下的耐久性会有问题。另一方面,虽然尿素类油脂高温耐久性优异,但与锂皂类油脂相比,音响特性较差,难以在要求静音性的部位使用。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2003-239996号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2004-211797号公报
发明内容
本发明欲解决的问题
本发明是鉴于这样的状况而完成的,其目的在于提供一种适于家电用马达的滚动装置,其能够实现低力矩化及音响寿命的改善,特别是能够长期维持静音性。
用于解决问题的方案
为达到上述目的的本发明提供一种下述的滚动装置。
(1)一种滚动装置,包括:内圈,其在外周面具有内圈滚道;外圈,其在内周面具有外圈滚道;多个滚动体,其自由滚动地设在所述内圈滚道与所述外圈滚道之间;及保持架,所述滚动装置封入有油脂组合物,所述滚动装置的特征在于,
所述油脂组合物含有作为增稠剂的混合物和基油,且滴点为190~240℃,屈服应力为1.2~5kPa,其中,所述基油的40℃下的动粘度为15~80mm2/s,所述混合物是12-羟基硬脂酸锂、与碳数为6~12的脂肪酸锂的混合物。
(2)如上述(1)所述的滚动装置,其特征在于,相对于所述滚动体的外径,所述内圈滚道的槽的曲率半径是51~56%,所述外圈滚道的槽的曲率半径是55~63%。
(3)如上述(1)或(2)所述的滚动装置,其特征在于,所述基油是酯油。
发明的效果
在被封入本发明的滚动装置中的油脂组合物中,增稠剂所使用的锂皂的纤维细,音响特性优异。另外,由于基油粘度低,因此力矩低。而且,由于屈服应力高,因此能够抑制油脂的软化而防止泄漏,耐久性优异,而且搅拌阻力小,因此力矩低。另外,通过对增稠剂使用12-羟基硬脂酸锂与碳数为6~12的脂肪酸锂的混合物,从而耐热性进一步提高。
另外,通过增大内圈滚道和外圈滚道的槽的曲率半径,从而能够抑制夹抱油脂的量而使力矩降低。
进一步,对基油使用酯油时,与作为增稠剂的锂皂的相容性提高,形成牢固的网格构造,剪切稳定性优异,防止油脂的软化。
附图说明图1是示出滚动轴承的一个例子的剖视图。
图2是示出在实施例中得到的屈服应力与力矩的关系的图表。
图3是示出在实施例中得到的屈服应力与音响耐久性的关系的图表。
附图标记的说明
1a 内圈滚道
1 内圈
2a 外圈滚道
2 外圈
3 滚动体
4 保持架
5 密封件
G 油脂组合物
具体实施方式
下面,参照附图进一步说明本发明。
作为滚动装置的一个例子,可以例举图1所示的滚动轴承。图示的滚动轴承包括:内圈1,其在外周面具有内圈滚道1a;外圈2,其在内周面具有外圈滚道2a;及多个滚动体3,其由保持架4在内圈滚道1a与外圈滚道2a之间自由滚动地保持,而且,为了润滑而填充油脂组合物G并用密封件5封闭。
另外,内圈滚道1a的槽的曲率半径相对于滚动体3的外径优选为51~56%,外圈滚道2a的槽的曲率半径相对于滚动体3的外径优选为55~63%。这样,通过增大内圈滚道1a和外圈滚道2a的槽的曲率半径,从而能够抑制夹抱油脂组合物G的量而使力矩降低。优选的是,内圈滚道1a的槽的曲率半径相对于滚动体3的外径是53~56%,外圈滚道2a的槽的曲率半径相对于滚动体3的外径是56~63%。
在本发明中,在油脂组合物G中,使用40℃下的动粘度为15~80mm2/s的基油。通过设为这样的基油粘度,从而能够实现低力矩化。作为基油,由于酯油与增稠剂的锂皂的亲和性优异,能够形成牢固的网格构造,因此优选的是酯油。由于网格构造牢固,从而剪切稳定性优异,还能够抑制油脂组合物的软化。另外,酯油的耐热性也优异。
对酯油没有限制,但能够适当例举由芳香族系三元酸或者芳香族系四元酸与支链醇的反应得到的芳香族酯油;由一元酸与多元醇的反应得到的多元醇酯油等。
具体而言,作为芳香族酯油,可以例举芳作为由芳香族系三元酸与支链醇的反应得到的酯油的均苯四酸酯油、均苯三酸酯油、具体而言为偏苯三酸三辛酯、偏苯三酸十三烷醇酯;由芳香族系四元酸与支链醇的反应得到的均苯四酸酯油、具体而言为均苯四酸四辛酯(日文:テトラオクチルピロメリテート)等。
另外,作为多元醇酯油,可以例举将以下所示的多元醇与一元酸适当组合并使其反应得到的酯油。另外,一元酸可以单独使用,也可以使用多种。进一步,也可以用作多元醇与二元酸、一元酸的混合脂肪酸的低聚酯即复合酯。作为多元醇,可以例举三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、二季戊四醇、新戊二醇、2-甲基-2-丙基-1,3-丙二醇等。另一方面,作为一元酸,主要使用碳数为4~16的一元脂肪酸,具体而言可以例举丁酸、戊酸、己酸、辛酸、庚酸、壬酸、癸酸、十一酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸(日文:ミステリン酸)、棕榈酸、牛脂脂肪酸、硬脂酸、癸烯酸、棕榈油酸、岩芹酸、油酸、反油酸、十八烯酸、异油酸、山梨酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、燕麦蛋白酸(日文:アビニン酸)、蓖麻酸等。
由于12-羟基硬脂酸锂与碳数为6~12的脂肪酸锂的混合物纤维细且音响特性优异,因此在增稠剂中被使用。通过使用12-羟基硬脂酸锂与碳数为6~12的脂肪酸锂的混合物,从而与单独使用12-羟基硬脂酸锂的情况相比耐热性提高,进而音响特性也提高。但是,当与碳数为13以上的脂肪酸锂混合时,由于增稠剂不会牢固地形成,因此剪切稳定性变差,音响寿命也会降低。另外,12-羟基硬脂酸锂与碳数为6~12的脂肪酸锂的配合比以质量比计优选为12-羟基硬脂酸锂:碳数为6~12的脂肪酸锂=25:75~75:25。
油脂组合物G的滴点是190~240℃。在滴点不到190℃时,软化温度过低,不能得到所需的耐热性。另外,滴点超过240℃时,难以均一形成增稠剂,初始音响特性变差。考虑到音响寿命,优选的是滴点为200~240℃。
另外,油脂组合物G的屈服应力是1.2~5kPa。油脂组合物受到剪切而被从传输面排除,但屈服应力高时,被排除后,容易停留在稳定的位置,抑制再流入到已排除的地点。一般而言,在滚动轴承中,在高面压、高剪切下,油脂组合物会受到剧烈的剪切而具有软化的倾向,软化的油脂组合物在轴承内部流动而搅拌阻力增大,力矩变高。另外,软化的油脂组合物由于容易从轴承泄漏,提早丧失润滑能力,因此耐久性也会降低。因此,在本发明中,将屈服应力提高至1.2kPa以上,抑制油脂组合物的软化,实现低力矩化,使耐久性提高。但是,屈服应力越高,流动性越低,超过5kPa时,难以向滚道面供给油脂组合物,音响寿命缩短。优选的是屈服应力为2~4kPa。
为了使油脂组合物G的滴点和屈服应力为上述范围,能够利用基油的动粘度、种类、增稠剂的种类、含量、制造时的混炼等来进行调整,例如,在基油相同的情况下,能够利用增稠剂的含量、制造时的混炼等来调整屈服应力。
能够根据目的向油脂组合物G中添加各种添加剂,各种添加剂都可以是已知的。
实施例
下面例举实施例进一步说明本发明,但本发明不会因此而受到任何限制。
(实施例1~11和比较例1~12)
作为风扇马达用轴承,准备一般的单列深沟球轴承“608”(内径8mm、外径22mm、宽度7mm),如表1所示改变其内圈滚道和外圈滚道的槽的曲率,制作了轴承A~C。
另外,用表2所示的组成来制备油脂组合物。此时,调整增稠剂量、混炼,使得成为标明的滴点和屈服应力。然后,将油脂组合物用于(1)屈服应力测定、(2)滴点测定和(3)剪切稳定性试验。另外,将各油脂组合物封入到轴承A~C中来制作试验轴承,用于(4)初始音响试验、(5)轴承力矩试验和(6)音响耐久试验。
[表1]
[表2]
[表3]
(1)使用屈服应力测定流变仪(VAR型粘弹性测定装置、REOLOGICA公司制造),测定了油脂组合物的屈服应力。使用平行板并设油脂的间隙为0.1mm,以下述的条件进行了测定。另外,作为屈服应力的值,使用损耗角正切tanθ(=G”/G')超过1时的剪切应力值。将结果一并记载在表2中。
(测定条件)
·测定模式:振荡模式
·试验温度:30℃
·频率:10Hz
·剪切应力:10~5000Pa
(2)滴点测定
根据JIS K 2220,测定油脂中的增稠剂溶化在基油中的温度即滴点。将结果一并记载在表2中。
(3)剪切稳定性试验
使用ASTM D 1831规定的外壳滚筒试验机,在下述的条件下进行剪切,求出试验前后的稠度的变化量。结果在表2中以相对于比较例1的相对值示出。
(测定条件)
·油脂量:50g
·试验温度:25℃
·转速:165min-1
·试验时间:2小时
(4)初始音特性(油脂噪声)
基于日本特开昭49-29886号公报所记载的方法,使用油脂噪声测定器来测定油脂组合物的初始音特性。即,对于试验轴承(油脂封入量:160mg),求出了到旋转开始30秒的油脂噪声计数。以转速1800min-1、载荷Fa=29.4N、M&H20、延迟时间0.6秒、计数级别10的试验条件来进行。将结果一并记载在表2中。
(5)轴承力矩试验
使试验轴承(油脂封入量:160mg)在室温、内圈转速1800min-1、轴向载荷29.4N下进行旋转,测定了60分钟后的旋转力矩。结果在表2和图2中以相对于比较例1的相对值示出。
(6)音响耐久试验
使试验轴承(油脂封入量:160mg)在120℃、内圈转速1800min-1、轴向载荷29.4N下进行旋转,测定了安德鲁值(anderon value)到达6的时间。结果在表2和图3中以相对于比较例1的相对值示出。
比较例1使用12-羟基硬脂酸锂,屈服应力低于规定值。
实施例1~3的油脂组成将12-羟基硬脂酸锂与己酸锂的混合物作为增稠剂,改变了其配合比率。屈服应力都高,还通过使用槽的曲率半径大的轴承,从而与比较例1相比,力矩降低。
实施例4~6代替己酸锂而使用癸酸锂,改变了油脂的屈服应力,由于音响寿命长,屈服应力也高,因此力矩也变低。另外,实施例7使用十二酸锂,但在该情况下也由于音响寿命长,屈服应力高,因此力矩降低。
但是,如比较例3、4所示使用十四酸锂、十八酸锂时,音响寿命缩短,力矩也增大。所以,可知脂肪酸锂的碳数优选为6~12。特别是,优选的是音响寿命为2倍以上的碳数为6~10的脂肪酸锂。
比较例2将12-羟基硬脂酸锂与己酸锂的混合物用于增稠剂,将己酸锂的比例提高至90重量百分比。其结果是,滴点非常高,制造时的增稠剂的溶解性变差,与实施例1~3相比力矩大,音响寿命也缩短。因此,可以说碳数为6~12的脂肪酸锂的比率优选的是如实施例所示为75重量百分比以下。
另外,在比较例2中滴点是260℃,与之相对,在实施例中滴点是190~240℃的范围,因此可知滴点是190~240℃。特别是,考虑到音响耐久性,优选的是音响寿命为2倍以上的滴点200~240℃。
比较例5是将尿素化合物用于增稠剂的情况,屈服应力高,剪切稳定性也优异,但由于剪切稳定性过好,因此,向传输面的油脂供给会不足,会提早到达音响寿命。另外,与锂皂相比,尿素化合物的纤维粗,尿素化合物容易互相缠结而成为大块。因此,滚珠压过大块的尿素化合物时的阻力非常大,力矩提高。因此,可以说作为增稠剂,优选的是锂皂。
比较例6是使用屈服应力小于规定值的油脂组合物的情况。另外,比较例12与实施例4是相同的组成,但由于制造条件不同,因此屈服应力小于规定值,因此,力矩比增大。屈服应力小时,会频繁引起从滚道面弹开的油脂组合物的再流入,因此力矩提高。另一方面,比较例7是使用屈服应力大于规定值的油脂组合物的情况,但由于油脂组合物丧失了移动性,因此油脂组合物不会被供给到滚道面,音响寿命缩短。因此,可以说屈服应力如实施例那样是1.2~5kPa。
比较例8是使用了在基油中使用了PAO的油脂组合物的情况。PAO与锂皂相容性不好,因此不会形成细微的增稠剂纤维,音响寿命变差,油脂难以变硬,因此屈服应力也变低,力矩提高。另外,在比较例9中,基油使用的是矿油,油的耐热性不好,因此音响寿命缩短,而且屈服应力也低,力矩也高。因此,如实施例那样,可以说作为基油,优选的是与锂皂的相容性良好的酯油。
在实施例10、11中改变了酯油的动粘度,如果是该范围的基油粘度,那么通过提高屈服应力,能够使酯油进行沟流(channeling)而降低力矩,音响寿命也会延长。另一方面,比较例10使酯油的动粘度低于规定值,基油粘度低时,难以在传输面形成油膜,容易引起金属接触。另外,由于基油的蒸发量也变多,因此不能维持初始状态,会提早到达音响寿命。另外,在比较例11中酯油的动粘度高于规定值,基油粘度高时,容易在接触面形成油膜,能够防止金属接触,但在力矩的方面,粘性阻力非常大。因此,根据这些,可以说基油的动粘度为15~80mm2/s(40℃)的范围。
在实施例8、9中,使用改变了槽的曲率半径的轴承。通过改变曲率半径,从而夹抱油脂组合物的量改变,曲率半径大时能得到更低的力矩。即使是曲率半径小的轴承C,只要油脂组合物的屈服应力、粘度和滴点在规定值的范围内,那么与比较例1相比成为低力矩。
以上述实施例和比较例为基础,在图2中图表化示出屈服应力与力矩比的关系,在图3中图表化示出屈服应力与音响寿命比的关系图表化。如图2所示,油脂组合物的屈服应力增大时,存在成为低力矩的倾向,屈服应力小于1.2kPa时,受到剪切时容易塑性变形,在轴承内部的搅拌变多,力矩提高。另外,根据图3,屈服应力太小时,油脂组合物不能停留在滚道面周边,会提早丧失润滑能力而音响寿命缩短。但是,屈服应力过高而油脂组合物丧失移动性,油脂组合物不会被供给到滚道面,音响寿命缩短。所以,通过使油脂组合物的屈服应力为1.2~5kPa,从而能够均衡地满足力矩比和音响寿命比,在2~4kPa的范围内特别好。
详细地或者参照特定的实施方式说明了本发明,但能够不脱离本发明的精神和范围地施加各种变更、修正,对于本领域技术人员而言是不言自明的。
本申请基于2012年12月4日申请的日本专利申请(日本特愿2012-265253),将其内容作为参照援引于此。
工业上的实用性
本发明的滚动装置优选的是作为各种马达用,能够实现低力矩化和音响寿命的改善。

Claims (3)

1.一种滚动装置,包括:内圈,其在外周面具有内圈滚道;外圈,其在内周面具有外圈滚道;多个滚动体,其自由滚动地设在所述内圈滚道与所述外圈滚道之间;及保持架,所述滚动装置封入有油脂组合物,所述滚动装置的特征在于,
所述油脂组合物含有作为增稠剂的混合物和基油,且滴点为190~240℃,屈服应力为1.2~5kPa,其中,所述基油的40℃下的动粘度为15~80mm2/s,所述混合物是12-羟基硬脂酸锂、与碳数为6~12的脂肪酸锂的混合物。
2.如权利要求1所述的滚动装置,其特征在于,
相对于所述滚动体的外径,所述内圈滚道的槽的曲率半径是51~56%,所述外圈滚道的槽的曲率半径是55~63%。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的滚动装置,其特征在于,
所述基油是酯油。
CN201380062827.9A 2012-12-04 2013-12-03 滚动装置 Pending CN104822955A (zh)

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Application publication date: 20150805