CN104755468B - 作为自由基产生剂的亚氨氧基三嗪类 - Google Patents
作为自由基产生剂的亚氨氧基三嗪类 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104755468B CN104755468B CN201380055296.0A CN201380055296A CN104755468B CN 104755468 B CN104755468 B CN 104755468B CN 201380055296 A CN201380055296 A CN 201380055296A CN 104755468 B CN104755468 B CN 104755468B
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- cycloalkyl
- alkyl
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- -1 epoxide triazines Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 81
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000001414 amino alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- RVEZZJVBDQCTEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfenic acid Chemical compound SO RVEZZJVBDQCTEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004400 (C1-C12) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 abstract description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 54
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 52
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 32
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 26
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 26
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 22
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- MGNCLNQXLYJVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanuric chloride Chemical class ClC1=NC(Cl)=NC(Cl)=N1 MGNCLNQXLYJVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 18
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 17
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 14
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 150000002923 oximes Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 12
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 10
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 10
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 8
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical group C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 7
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 6
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 238000013007 heat curing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 5
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- QDHUQRBYCVAWEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N amino prop-2-enoate Chemical class NOC(=O)C=C QDHUQRBYCVAWEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N monobenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940059574 pentaerithrityl Drugs 0.000 description 4
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920006305 unsaturated polyester Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 125000004642 (C1-C12) alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-pyrrole Natural products C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004485 2-pyrrolidinyl group Chemical group [H]N1C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 3
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PXAJQJMDEXJWFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetone oxime Chemical compound CC(C)=NO PXAJQJMDEXJWFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001263 acyl chlorides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 3
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004386 diacrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium sulphate Substances [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- RHYIWFNVWCVDIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(1-cyclohexylpyrrolidin-2-ylidene)hydroxylamine Chemical class ON=C1CCCN1C1CCCCC1 RHYIWFNVWCVDIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- JHNRZXQVBKRYKN-VQHVLOKHSA-N (ne)-n-(1-phenylethylidene)hydroxylamine Chemical compound O\N=C(/C)C1=CC=CC=C1 JHNRZXQVBKRYKN-VQHVLOKHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000000182 1,3,5-triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Heptene Chemical compound CCCCCC=C ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZDQNWDNMNKSMHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2-prop-2-enoyloxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-2-yl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC(C)COC(C)COCC(C)OC(=O)C=C ZDQNWDNMNKSMHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZCMOJQQLBXBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxy-2-methylpropane Chemical compound CC(C)COC=C OZCMOJQQLBXBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PTJWCLYPVFJWMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO PTJWCLYPVFJWMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JESXATFQYMPTNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenylphenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C=C JESXATFQYMPTNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLLXMBCBJGATSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethenol Chemical class OC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XLLXMBCBJGATSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NJBMZYSKLWQXLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dihydro-2h-pyrrol-5-amine Chemical class NC1=NCCC1 NJBMZYSKLWQXLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NPDACUSDTOMAMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Chlorotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 NPDACUSDTOMAMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004203 4-hydroxyphenyl group Chemical group [H]OC1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- PSGQCCSGKGJLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2h-chromen-2-one Chemical group C1=CC=CC2=C1OC(=O)C=C2C PSGQCCSGKGJLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FIHBHSQYSYVZQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-prop-2-enoyloxyhexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C FIHBHSQYSYVZQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PQJUJGAVDBINPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-thioxanthene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 PQJUJGAVDBINPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BBJLVBHQJYDCHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C=C)(=O)O.CC(O)(C(CO)(CO)CO)C Chemical compound C(C=C)(=O)O.CC(O)(C(CO)(CO)CO)C BBJLVBHQJYDCHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
式(I)的亚氨氧基三嗪化合物适合作为自由基产生剂,其中n为1或2;R1和R2相互独立地为氢、NH2、NHR5、NR5R6、COR5、COOR5、CONH2、CONHR5、CONR5R6、CN、SR5、OR5、C1‑C18烷基、C3‑C12环烷基、C6‑C14芳基或C2‑C14杂芳基,其中所述C3‑C12环烷基、C6‑C14芳基或C2‑C14杂芳基未被取代或被一个或多个选自C1‑C12烷基、C3‑C12环烷基、苯基、卤素和C1‑C12烷氧基的基团取代,或者R1和R2与它们所连接的碳原子一起形成4‑12员碳环或杂环饱和或不饱和环,该环未被取代或被一个或多个选自C1‑C12烷基、C3‑C12环烷基、苯基、卤素和C1‑C12烷氧基的基团取代;R3为F、Cl、OH、OR5、SH、SR5、NH2、NHR5、NR5R6或R1R2C=N‑O‑;其中在式I化合物的所有基团R1R2C=N‑O‑中的R1和R2相同或不同;若n为1,则R4为F、Cl、OH、OR5、SH、SR5、NH2、NHR5、NR5R6或R1R2C=N‑O‑;其中在式I化合物的所有基团R1R2C=N‑O‑中的R1和R2相同或不同;若n为2,则R4为衍生于二醇、二胺、氨基醇或巯基醇的双官能基团;R5和R6相互独立地为C1‑C18烷基、C3‑C12环烷基、C6‑C14芳基或C2‑C14杂芳基。
Description
本发明涉及亚氨氧基三嗪化合物作为自由基源(尤其作为聚合引发剂)的用途,涉及包含这些亚氨氧基三嗪类的可聚合组合物以及新的亚氨氧基三嗪化合物。
自由基聚合属于最重要的聚合方法。它用于制备许多商业上重要的聚合物如聚苯乙烯、PVC、聚丙烯酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、PAN和其他聚合物。对于技术细节,可以参考标准著作G.Odian,Principles of Polymerization,McGraw-Hill New York 1991。
自由基聚合使用引发剂起始。聚合物技术中证实的引发剂实例是偶氮化合物、过氧化二烷基、过氧化二酰基、氢过氧化物、热不稳定的C-C-二聚体、氧化还原体系和光引发剂。参考“Handbook of Free Radical Initiators”,(ET.Denisov,T.G.Denisova,T.S.Pokidova,J.Wiley&Sons,Inc.Hobo-ken,New Jersey,2003)。
尽管它们被广泛使用,但已知的聚合引发剂具有各种缺点。因此,例如过氧化物极易燃且遭受火灾并因此存在潜在爆炸危险,从而使得它们的制造、储存、运输和使用必须涉及昂贵的安全防范。一些引发剂进一步产生有毒产物,例如AIBN。
因此,通常需要用于自由基聚合方法的具有令人满意的安全性的新引发剂。
WO2001/90113和WO2004/081100/A1描述了位阻N-酰氧基胺作为新的一类聚合引发剂。
其他新的聚合引发剂是WO 2006/051047中所述的N-取代的酰亚胺,WO 2010/079102中报道的O-二烷基氨基异脲,WO 2010/128062中报道的O-亚氨基异脲和WO 2010/112410中报道的芳基三氮烯类。
现已发现亚氨氧基三嗪类是自由基聚合或由自由基触发的其他方法,例如聚烯烃的受控降解的非常有效引发剂。
因此,本发明的主题是一种组合物,包含:
(a)烯属不饱和可聚合单体或低聚体,和
(b)作为自由基产生化合物的式I的亚氨氧基三嗪化合物:
其中
n为1或2;
R1和R2相互独立地为氢、NH2、NHR5、NR5R6、COR5、COOR5、CONH2、CONHR5、CONR5R6、CN、SR5、OR5、C1-C18烷基、C3-C12环烷基、C6-C14芳基或C2-C14杂芳基,
其中所述C3-C12环烷基、C6-C14芳基或C2-C14杂芳基未被取代或被一个或多个选自C1-C12烷基、C3-C12环烷基、苯基、卤素和C1-C12烷氧基的基团取代,
或者R1和R2与它们所连接的碳原子一起形成4-12员碳环或杂环饱和或不饱和环,该环未被取代或被一个或多个选自C1-C12烷基、C3-C12环烷基、苯基、卤素和C1-C12烷氧基的基团取代;
R3为F、Cl、OH、OR5、SH、SR5、NH2、NHR5、NR5R6或R1R2C=N-O-;
其中在式I化合物的所有基团R1R2C=N-O-中的R1和R2相同或不同;
若n为1,则R4为F、Cl、OH、OR5、SH、SR5、NH2、NHR5、NR5R6或R1R2C=N-O-;
其中在式I化合物的所有基团R1R2C=N-O-中的R1和R2相同或不同;
若n为2,则R4为衍生于二醇、二胺、氨基醇或巯基醇的双官能基团;
R5和R6相互独立地为C1-C18烷基、C3-C12环烷基、C6-C14芳基或C2-C14杂芳基。
式I化合物是自由基聚合或自由基固化的非常有效引发剂。这是其优选应用。
然而,本发明化合物的用途不限于聚合或固化方法。相反,本发明亚氨氧基三嗪类可以用于由自由基触发的其他方法中,例如用于聚烯烃的受控降解,用于聚合物如聚乙烯或不饱和橡胶的交联或者用作经由自由基机理进行的化学反应的引发剂。该类反应在化学中是众所周知的且广泛描述于标准著作(例如Radicals in Organic Synthesis,P.Renaud&M.P.Sibi(编辑),Wiley-VCH,2001或Encyclopedia of Radicals inChemistry,Biology and Materials,John Wiley&Sons,Ltd.,2012)中。
亚氨氧基三嗪类产生自由基以及由这些自由基触发的方法可以通过不同刺激,优选通过热,但也通过电磁辐射如X射线、紫外、可见或红外光或通过光化辐射如γ辐射(电子束)进行。
此外,大多数这些亚氨氧基三嗪类是新的化合物。
因此,本发明的主题还是如下所示的式I的亚氨氧基三嗪化合物,其中
R1和R2相互独立地为氢、NH2、NHR5、NR5R6、COR5、COOR5、CONH2、CONHR5、CONR5R6、CN、SR5、OR5、C1-C18烷基、C3-C12环烷基、C6-C14芳基或C2-C14杂芳基,
其中所述C3-C12环烷基、C6-C14芳基或C2-C14杂芳基未被取代或被一个或多个选自C1-C12烷基、C3-C12环烷基、苯基、卤素和C1-C12烷氧基的基团取代,
或者R1和R2与它们所连接的碳原子一起形成4-12员碳环或杂环饱和或不饱和环,该环未被取代或被一个或多个选自C1-C12烷基、C3-C12环烷基、苯基、卤素和C1-C12烷氧基的基团取代;
R3为R1R2C=N-O-;
若n为1,则R4为F、Cl、OH、OR5、SH、SR5、NH2、NHR5、NR5R6或R1R2C=N-O-;
其中在式I化合物的所有基团R1R2C=N-O-中的R1和R2相同或不同;
若n为2,则R4为衍生于二醇、二胺、氨基醇或巯基醇的双官能基团;
R5和R6相互独立地为C1-C18烷基、C3-C12环烷基、C6-C14芳基或C2-C14杂芳基;
条件是
(i)若R4为R1R2C=N-O-,则R1和R2与它们所连接的碳原子一起不形成未被取代的环己基或未被取代的环十二烷基;
(ii)若R4为R1R2C=N-O-,则R1和R2不同时为甲基;
(iii)若R4为R1R2C=N-O-且R1为甲基,则R2不为苯基;
(iv)若R1和R2均为甲基或者若R1和R2与它们所连接的碳原子一起形成未被取代的环己基或未被取代的环十二烷基,则R4不为Cl;
(v)若R1和R2均为甲基且R4为OR5,则R5不为4-甲基香豆素-7-基。
C1-C18烷基为线性或支化的且例如为C1-C14、C1-C12、C1-C8、C1-C6或C1-C4烷基。实例是甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、2,4,4-三甲基戊基、2-乙基己基、辛基、壬基、癸基、十二烷基、十四烷基、十五烷基、十六烷基和十八烷基。
C3-C12环烷基为单-或多环脂族环,例如单-、二-或三环脂族环,例如C5-C12、C5-C10、C3-C10环烷基。单环的实例是环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基或环庚基,尤其是环戊基和环己基。多环的实例是全氢萘基、金刚烷基、双环[1.1.1]戊基、双环[4.2.2]癸基、双环[2.2.2]辛基、双环[3.3.2]癸基、双环[4.3.2]十一烷基、双环[4.3.3]十二烷基、双环[3.3.3]十一烷基、双环[4.3.1]癸基、双环[4.2.1]壬基、双环[3.3.1]壬基、双环[3.2.1]辛基、等。在本发明上下文中定义C3-C12环烷基也覆盖“螺”-环烷基化合物,例如螺[5.2]辛基、螺[5.4]癸基、螺[5.5]十一烷基。
C6-C14芳基例如为苯基、萘基、蒽基或菲基,尤其是苯基或萘基,优选苯基。
C2-C14杂芳基是指包括一个环或多个环体系,例如稠合环体系。杂原子例如为O、S、N。C2-C14杂芳基的实例是噻吩基、苯并[b]噻吩基、萘并[2,3-b]噻吩基、噻蒽基、呋喃基、氧芴基、苯并吡喃基、呫吨基、噻吨基、吩噻基(phenoxathiinyl)、吡咯基、咪唑基、吡唑基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、中氮茚基、异氮茚基、吲哚基、吲唑基、嘌呤基、喹嗪基、异喹啉基、喹啉基、2,3-二氮杂萘基、1,5-二氮杂萘基、喹喔啉基、喹唑啉基、噌啉基、蝶啶基、咔唑基、β-咔啉基、菲啶基、吖啶基、萘嵌间二氮杂苯基、菲咯啉基、吩嗪基、异噻唑基、吩噻嗪基、异唑基、呋咱基、吩嗪基或菲基。
C3-C20杂芳基尤其是噻吩基、呋喃基、咪唑基、苯并[b]噻吩基、噻蒽基、噻吨基、1-甲基-2-吲哚基或1-甲基-3-吲哚基。
取代的C3-C12环烷基、C6-C14芳基或C2-C14杂芳基被一个或多个取代基,例如1-6个,1-5个,1-4个,1-3个或1或2个取代基取代。苯基环上的取代基优选位于该苯基环的2位或在该苯基环上呈2,6或2,4,6构型。
由R1和R2与它们所连接的碳原子一起形成的4-12员碳环或杂环的实例是环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、四氢呋喃基、四氢吡喃基、吡咯烷基如吡咯烷-2-基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、1,3-二唑烷-2-基;尤其是环戊基、环己基、吡咯烷-2-基、1,3-二唑烷-2-基,特别是吡咯烷-2-基、1,3-二唑烷-2-基。
若n为2,则对R4而言衍生于二醇、二胺、氨基醇或巯基醇的双官能基团的实例为-O-(CH2)2-12O-、-NH-(CH2)2-12NH-、-O-(CH2)2-12NH-、-S-(CH2)2-O-、-O-C6H4O-、-O-C6H4NH-、-NH-C6H4NH-等。
清楚的是上面所给实例意指非限制性的且仅用于定义的说明。
术语“和/或”或“或/和”在本发明上下文中意欲表达不仅可以存在所限定的方案(取代基)之一,而且可以一起存在几个所限定的方案(取代基),即不同方案(取代基)的混合物。
术语“至少”意欲定义一个或不止一个,例如1或2或3个,优选1或2个。
在整个该说明书和下面的权利要求书中,除非上下文另有要求,表述“包含”应理解为意味着包括所述整数或部分或整数组或步骤组,但不排除任何其他整数或步骤或整数组或步骤组。
术语“(甲基)丙烯酸酯”在本申请上下文中是指丙烯酸酯以及相应的甲基丙烯酸酯。
上面对本发明化合物所示优选情形在本发明范围内也意欲涉及所有权利要求类别,即组合物、用途、方法权利要求。
应理解的是本发明不限于本文所公开的特定化合物、构型、方法步骤、基材和材料,以为该类化合物、构型、方法步骤、基材和材料可以在一定程度上变化。还应理解的是本文所用术语仅用于说明特定实施方案的目的,而不用来限制,因为本发明范围仅由所附权利要求书及其等同物限制。
必须注意的是正如本说明书和所附权利要求书中所使用的,单数形式“a”、“an”和“the”包括复数对象,除非上下文清楚地有相反指示。
若未作定义,则本文所使用的任何术语和科学术语意欲具有本发明所涉及领域的熟练技术人员共同理解的含义。
在整个说明书和权利要求书中与数字相关地使用的术语“约”表示本领域熟练技术人员所熟知和接受的精度区间。所述区间为+/-10%。
优选如上所述的组合物,其中在式I化合物中,
R1和R2相互独立地为氢、NH2、COR5、C1-C12烷基或苯基,
或者R1和R2与它们所连接的碳原子一起形成6或12员饱和碳环或5员饱和杂环,该环被一个或多个选自C1-C12烷基和C3-C12环烷基的基团取代;
R3和R4为R1R2C=N-O-;
其中在式I化合物的所有基团R1R2C=N-O-中的R1和R2相同或不同;以及
R5为C1-C12烷基。
必须强调如上所述的式I的亚氨氧基三嗪化合物,其中
R4为R1R2C=N-O-;
其中在式IA化合物的所有基团R1R2C=N-O-中的R1和R2相同或不同;
条件是
(i)若R4为R1R2C=N-O-,则R1和R2与它们所连接的碳原子一起不形成未被取代的环己基或未被取代的环十二烷基;
(ii)若R4为R1R2C=N-O-,则R1和R2不同时为甲基;
(iii)若R4为R1R2C=N-O-且R1为甲基,则R2不为苯基。
尤其感兴趣的是如下式I化合物,其中R3和R4均为R1R2C=N-O-并且其中在式I化合物的所有基团R1R2C=N-O-中的R1和R2相同或不同。
本发明化合物易于通过肟衍生物与1,3,5-三嗪的卤素衍生物反应而制备。
带有3个亚氨氧基的化合物例如通过2,4,6-三氯-1,3,5-三嗪(氰尿酰氯)与相应肟的反应容易地制备。代替氰尿酰氯可以使用更具反应性的氰尿酰氟,同时该反应也可以使用氰尿酰溴或碘进行。众所周知的是氰尿酰氯的氯原子可以在逐渐加强的条件下,通常是在渐进提高的温度下以逐步方式被不同亲核试剂替代[见Blotny,Grzegorz,Tetrahedron(2006),62(41),9507-9522]。因此,若使用三种不同肟,即首先R1R2C=NOH,然后R’1R’2C=NOH,再后R”1R”2C=NOH,则可以制备带有3个不同亚氨氧基的亚氨氧基三嗪类。另一方面,相同肟R1R2C=NOH对所有卤原子的替代得到对称亚氨氧基三嗪类。
R1和R2具有上面所给定义,R'1、R'2、R"1和R"2如对R1和R2所定义,但独立地表示不同含义以显示其中在式I化合物中的所有基团R1R2C=N-O-中R1和R2不同的情形。
若n为2,则用于该反应中的中间体为化合物为了制备该中间体,使该氰尿酰氯与0.5当量相应的双-亲核试剂(二胺、氨基醇、二醇等)在0-10℃下反应。众所周知的是在该低温下氰尿酰氯中仅1个Cl原子被替代。
在该反应过程中释放的氯化氢有利地通过加入合适的无机或有机碱清除。非限制性实例是NaOH、Na2CO3、K2CO3、Ca(OH)2、三乙胺或吡啶。从工艺角度看,可能有利的是使用与HCl形成液态盐—所谓的离子液体的碱。该碱的非限制性实例例如是1-甲基咪唑。
该反应可以在没有溶剂下或在合适溶剂或溶剂混合物中进行。可以使用过量的胺碱。仅作为几个实例,可以使用诸如甲苯、乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷、氯苯、叔丁基甲基醚的溶剂或溶剂混合物。该反应也可以在水或由水和与水不溶混的溶剂构成的双相体系中进行。可能有利的是加入相转移催化剂,例如铵或盐。
反应温度由所用卤代三嗪、肟、溶剂和碱的反应性控制且可以在宽范围内变化,例如-50℃至150℃,通常是0-100℃。
氰尿酰氯与肟的反应的几个实例记录于文献中,例如公开了与苯乙酮肟的反应[见Furuya,Yoshiro;Ishihara,Kazuaki;Yamamoto,Hisashi,Journal of the AmericanChemical Society(2005),127(32),11240-11241]或与丙酮肟的反应[见Chwalinski,Stefan,(1964),PL 48331,Priority:PL 19621128.CAN 62:43973]。
由氰尿酰氯和肟合成亚氨氧基三嗪类是优选的方法,但不是唯一的方法。例如,对称亚氨氧基三嗪类可以由肟和氰酸的酯得到,例如如Grigat,Ernst;Puetter,Rolf,Chemische Berichte(1966),99(7),2361-70所述。
带有一个或两个亚氨氧基的亚氨氧基三嗪类的合成可以以类似方式实现。此时,仅氰尿酰氯的一个或两个Cl原子被肟衍生物取代。剩余的Cl原子随后被所需亲核试剂,例如胺、醇、苯酚、氰化物或硫醇盐取代。还可以首先用所需亲核试剂替代氰尿酰氯的一个或两个Cl原子,然后用肟衍生物取代剩余的Cl原子。
若将有机三烷基胺用作碱来清除在氰尿酰氯与肟的反应过程中释放的HCl,则该胺的片段可以替代一个或两个Cl原子[见下面实施例13的化合物的制备和BeataKolesinska,Zbigniew J.Kaminski,Tetrahedron 65(2009)3573-3576]。
再上述反应中用作原料的肟衍生物R1R2C=NOH是众所周知的化合物,可市购或者易于通过本领域熟练技术人员已知的标准方法制备[参见例如Chiba,S.;Narasaka,K.,Science of Synthesis,Knowledge Updates(2011),(4),445-499.Georg Thieme Verlag,CAN 156:637350]。
因此,本发明的主题还有一种通过使三氯-1,3,5-三嗪、三溴-1,3,5-三嗪或三碘-1,3,5-三嗪与3种式(II)的肟化合物反应而制备如下式I化合物的方法,其中
R1和R2相互独立地为氢、NH2、NHR5、NR5R6、COR5、COOR5、CONH2、CONHR5、CONR5R6、CN、SR5、OR5、C1-C18烷基、C3-C12环烷基、C6-C14芳基或C2-C14杂芳基,
其中所述C3-C12环烷基、C6-C14芳基或C2-C14杂芳基未被取代或被一个或多个选自C1-C12烷基、C3-C12环烷基、苯基、卤素和C1-C12烷氧基的基团取代,
或者R1和R2与它们所连接的碳原子一起形成4-12员碳环或杂环饱和或不饱和环,该环未被取代或被一个或多个选自C1-C12烷基、C3-C12环烷基、苯基、卤素和C1-C12烷氧基的基团取代;
R3为R1R2C=N-O-;
若n为1,则R4为F、Cl、OH、OR5、SH、SR5、NH2、NHR5、NR5R6或R1R2C=N-O-;
其中在式I化合物的所有基团R1R2C=N-O-中的R1和R2相同或不同;
若n为2,则R4为衍生于二醇、二胺、氨基醇或巯基醇的双官能基团;
R5和R6相互独立地为C1-C18烷基、C3-C12环烷基、C6-C14芳基或C2-C14杂芳基;
条件是
(i)若R4为R1R2C=N-O-,则R1和R2与它们所连接的碳原子一起不形成未被取代的环己基或未被取代的环十二烷基;
(ii)若R4为R1R2C=N-O-,则R1和R2不同时为甲基;
(iii)若R4为R1R2C=N-O-且R1为甲基,则R2不为苯基;
(iv)若R1和R2均为甲基或者若R1和R2与它们所连接的碳原子一起形成未被取代的环己基或未被取代的环十二烷基,则R4不为Cl;
(v)若R1和R2均为甲基且R4为OR5,则R5不为4-甲基香豆素-7-基;
其中R1和R2如上所定义。
式(I)化合物在包含至少一种烯属不饱和可聚合单体或低聚体的可聚合组合物中,优选在用于制备涂料的可聚合组合物中用作聚合引发剂、聚合辅助剂或分子量改性剂。
因此,本发明提供了一种组合物,其包含(a)烯属不饱和可聚合单体或低聚体,和(b)有效的热或光化自由基产生量的至少一种式(I)化合物。
在本发明组合物中,在组分(b)中式I化合物中的官能基团R1R2C=N-O-的量为0.01-30个,优选0.05-10个,特别优选0.1-5.0个/100个可聚合单体或低聚体(a)的烯属不饱和官能基团C=C。
对该聚合足够的是存在组分(a)和(b)中的每一种。然而,通常有用的是使用不止一种组分(a),例如2-100种组分(a)的混合物。具体而言,低聚体通常为具有不同分子量的组分的混合物。也可以有利地使用不止一种组分(b),例如2-100种组分(b)。当使用不止一种组分(b)时,它们可以具有类似或不同反应性,在后一情况下使得可以进行逐步聚合。还可以在聚合已经开始之后在任何阶段加入其他组分(a)和/或(b)。
就本发明而言,低聚体是可以通过将2至约50个,优选3-20个烯属不饱和单元连接在一起而得到的化合物,这些化合物仍包含至少一个烯属不饱和双键且通常具有150-5000Da的分子量。
烯属不饱和可聚合单体或低聚体是通常已知的具有至少一个烯属不饱和双键的可自由基聚合化合物,包括单体、预聚物、低聚体及任何其共聚物。该类单体的非限制性实例包括:
·烯属不饱和可聚合单体,选自链烯烃、共轭二烯、苯乙烯类、丙烯醛、乙酸乙烯酯、乙烯基吡咯烷酮、乙烯基咪唑、马来酸酐、丙烯酸、丙烯酸衍生物、卤乙烯和偏二卤乙烯,如乙烯、异戊二烯、1,3-丁二烯和α-C5-C18链烯烃、苯乙烯和在苯基上被1-3个选自如下的取代基取代的苯乙烯:羟基,C1-C4烷氧基,例如甲氧基或乙氧基,卤素,例如氯,氨基和C1-C4烷基,例如甲基或乙基,如甲基苯乙烯、氯甲基苯乙烯、邻羟基苯乙烯、间羟基苯乙烯或对羟基苯乙烯;
·不饱和羧酸如丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、巴豆酸、衣康酸、马来酸或富马酸及其盐、酯和酰胺,以及不饱和脂肪酸如亚麻酸和油酸,优选丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸;该类不饱和羧酸任选以与饱和二-或多羧酸,如丙二酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、癸二酸、1,4-环己烷二甲酸、四氯邻苯二甲酸、四溴邻苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸酐、四氢邻苯二甲酸、间邻苯二甲酸、对邻苯二甲酸、偏苯三酸、庚烷二甲酸、十二烷二甲酸或六氢邻苯二甲酸的混合物使用;
·衍生于上述不饱和羧酸和不饱和羧酸的混合物的不饱和羧酸酯,其中该酯例如为烷基酯如甲基、乙基、2-氯乙基、N-二甲氨基乙基、正丁基、异丁基、戊基、己基、环己基、2-乙基己基、辛基、异冰片基或[2-外冰片基]酯;苄基酯;苯基、苄基或邻-、间-和对-羟基苯基酯;羟烷基酯如2-羟基乙基、2-羟基丙基、4-羟基丁基、3,4-二羟基丁基或甘油[1,2,3-丙三醇]酯;环氧烷基酯如缩水甘油基、2,3-环氧丁基、3,4-环氧丁基、2,3-环氧环己基或10,11-环氧十一烷基酯;氨基烷基或巯基烷基酯;或如下所述的多官能酯;
·衍生于上述不饱和羧酸和不饱和羧酸的混合物的不饱和羧酸酰胺,其中酰胺基可以与上述酯类似,例如(甲基)丙烯酰胺或N-取代的(甲基)丙烯酰胺如N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺、N-羟甲基甲基丙烯酰胺、N-乙基丙烯酰胺、N-乙基甲基丙烯酰胺、N-己基丙烯酰胺、N-己基甲基丙烯酰胺、N-环己基丙烯酰胺、N-环己基甲基丙烯酰胺、N-羟基乙基丙烯酰胺、N-苯基丙烯酰胺、N-苯基甲基丙烯酰胺、N-苄基丙烯酰胺、N-苄基甲基丙烯酰胺、N-硝基苯基丙烯酰胺、N-硝基苯基甲基丙烯酰胺、N-乙基-N-苯基丙烯酰胺、N-乙基-N-苯基甲基丙烯酰胺、N-(4-羟基苯基)丙烯酰胺和N-(4-羟基苯基)甲基丙烯酰胺或IBMAA(N-异丁氧基甲基丙烯酰胺或与脂族多价胺的酰胺;
·(甲基)丙烯腈;
·不饱和酸酐,如衣康酸酐、马来酸酐、2,3-二甲基马来酸酐或2-氯马来酸酐;
·乙烯基醚如异丁基乙烯基醚、乙基乙烯基醚、2-氯乙基乙烯基醚、羟基乙基乙烯基醚、丙基乙烯基醚、丁基乙烯基醚、异丁基乙烯基醚、辛基乙烯基醚或苯基乙烯基醚;
·乙烯基酯如乙酸乙烯酯、氯乙酸乙烯酯、丁酸乙烯酯和苯甲酸乙烯酯;
·氯乙烯或偏二氯乙烯;
·N-乙烯基杂环化合物,如N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮或合适取代的乙烯基吡咯烷酮,N-乙烯基咔唑或4-乙烯基吡啶;
·二丙烯酸酯如1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯(HDDA)、乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇二丙烯酸酯、六亚甲基二醇二丙烯酸酯和双酚A二丙烯酸酯;
·二乙烯基苯、琥珀酸二乙烯基酯、邻苯二甲酸二烯丙基酯、磷酸三烯丙基酯、异氰脲酸三烯丙基酯或异氰脲酸三(2-丙烯酰基乙基)酯;
·多官能醇的酯,所述醇例如为芳族多元醇如氢醌、4,4'-二羟基联苯、2,2-二(4-羟基苯基)丙烷、线性酚醛清漆或可熔酚醛树脂,或尤其是脂族和脂环族多元醇,例如包括优选具有2-12个碳原子的亚烷基二醇,如乙二醇,1,2-或1,3-丙二醇,1,2-、1,3-或1,4-丁二醇,戊二醇,己二醇,辛二醇,十二烷二醇,二甘醇,三甘醇,分子优选为200-1500的聚乙二醇,1,3-环戊烷二醇,1,2-、1,3-或1,4-环己烷二醇,1,4-二基甲基环己烷,甘油,三(β-羟基乙基)胺,三羟甲基乙烷,三羟甲基丙烷,季戊四醇,二季戊四醇和山梨醇,这些多元醇任选部分或完全被一种不饱和羧酸或者被不同不饱和羧酸酯化,其中偏酯中的游离羟基可以被改性,例如被醚化或被其他羧酸酯化;或者基于这些多元醇,尤其是芳族多元醇和表氯醇的聚环氧化物的酯,以及在聚合物链或侧基中含有羟基的聚合物和共聚物,如聚乙烯醇及其共聚物、聚甲基丙烯酸羟烷基酯或其共聚物或具有羟基端基的低聚物;如三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基乙烷三丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基乙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、四亚甲基二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、三甘醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、四甘醇二丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇二丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇二丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇五丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯、三季戊四醇八丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三甲基丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇四甲基丙烯酸酯、三季戊四醇八甲基丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇二衣康酸酯、二季戊四醇三衣康酸酯、二季戊四醇五衣康酸酯、二季戊四醇六衣康酸酯、乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,3-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,3-丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、1,4-丁二醇二衣康酸酯、山梨醇三丙烯酸酯、山梨醇四丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇改性的三丙烯酸酯、山梨醇四甲基丙烯酸酯、山梨醇五丙烯酸酯、山梨醇六丙烯酸酯、低聚丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯、甘油二-或三-丙烯酸酯、1,4-环己烷二丙烯酸酯、分子为200-1500Da的聚乙二醇的二丙烯酸酯或二甲基丙烯酸酯、二丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、甘油乙氧基化物三丙烯酸酯、甘油丙氧基化物三丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷乙氧基化物三丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷丙氧基化物三丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇乙氧基化物四丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇丙氧基化物三丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇丙氧基化物四丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇乙氧基化物二丙烯酸酯或新戊二醇丙氧基化物二丙烯酸酯;
更高分子量(低聚)多不饱和化合物(也已知为预聚物)的非限制性实例为:
·上述烯属不饱和单-或多官能羧酸和多元醇或聚环氧化物的酯;在链中或在侧基中具有烯属不饱和基团的聚合物,如不饱和聚酯、聚酰胺和聚氨酯及其共聚物;醇酸树脂;聚丁二烯或丁二烯共聚物,聚异戊二烯或异戊二烯共聚物,在链中或在侧基中具有(甲基)丙烯酸基团的聚合物或共聚物,如甲基丙烯酸酯化尿烷或者还有一种或多种该类聚合物的混合物;或
·氨基丙烯酸酯;或其中任何数目的氨基丙烯酸酯以任何比例的混合物,与其官能度无关,任选与其他反应性组分如所谓的氨基丙烯酸酯组合,即基于已经通过与伯或仲胺反应而改性的丙烯酸酯的低聚物,例如如Gaske在US3844916中,Weiss等在EP0280222中,Meixner等在US5482649中或Reich等在US5734002中所述。市售氨基丙烯酸酯例如是80,81,83,P115,7100(UCBChemicals),PO 83F,PO 84F,PO 94F(BASF),4775F,4967F(BASF Cognis),CN501TM,CN503TM或CN550TM(Cray Valley)。
聚合物,优选涂料,可以有利地由本发明组合物制备。为了制备聚合物,优选涂料,借助已知的涂敷技术,例如通过旋涂、浸渍、刮涂、幕涂、刷涂或喷涂,尤其是通过静电喷涂和逆向辊涂,或者还通过电泳沉积将该配制剂的组分(a)和(b)以及任选着色剂和/或添加剂均匀施加于基材上。施加量(涂层厚度)和基材(层支撑体)的性质取决于所需应用领域。涂层厚度通常为0.1μm至大于300μm,但需要的话涂层也可以更厚,例如为1-5mm。
然后通过如下所述聚合而固化湿涂层。
本发明涂料还应理解为包括印刷油墨(只要是湿的)和印刷品(在固化后干燥)。
取决于其特定组成,可以将涂料作为印刷油墨、液态涂料、粉末涂料、凝胶涂料、粘合剂、光刻胶施加于任何所需基材上。合适的是任何种类的基材,例如木材、纺织品、纸张、陶瓷、玻璃、玻璃纤维、塑料如聚酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚烯烃或乙酸纤维素,尤其呈薄膜形式,以及还有金属如Al、Cu、Ni、Fe、Zn、Mg、Co、GaAs、Si或SiO2,可以对其施加保护性或装饰性层,需要的话通过成影像暴光和/或在已经存在的涂层如底涂层上。
该组合物可以进一步用于模塑方法中。
上述组合物可以进一步包含常规添加剂,后者作为替换还可以在聚合之后加入。该类添加剂可以以常规的少量加入,例如UV吸收剂或光稳定剂,例如选自羟基苯基苯并三唑类、羟基苯基二苯甲酮类、草酰胺类和羟基苯基-s-三嗪类的化合物。特别合适的光稳定剂是选自位阻胺(HALS),例如2-(2-羟基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪或2-羟基苯基-2H-苯并三唑类型的那些。2-(2-羟基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪类型的光稳定剂实例例如由US4619956,EP0434608,US5198498,US5322868,US5369140,US5298067,WO94/18278,EP0704437,GB2297091或WO96/28431已知。
着色剂的实例是颜料或染料,尤其是颜料,特别是有机颜料如theColour Index中所列那些。
因此,该组合物可以包含至少一种颜料、至少一种染料或至少一种颜料和至少一种染料的混合物。
该组合物可以进一步包含其他常规添加剂,例如填料如碳酸钙,硅酸盐,玻璃或玻璃纤维材料,滑石,高岭土,云母,硫酸钡,金属氧化物和氢氧化物,碳黑,石墨,粉状木材和来自其他天然产品的粉状或纤维状材料,合成纤维,增塑剂,润滑剂,乳化剂,颜料,流化剂,催化剂,荧光增白剂,阻燃剂,抗静电剂或发泡剂。
本发明还涉及本发明式(I)化合物在由自由基存在触发的反应中产生自由基的用途,以及一种通过使用包含式(I)化合物的组合物制备优选呈涂料形式的聚合物质的方法。
本发明进一步提供了一种通过使用上述式(I)化合物的自由基聚合制备优选呈涂料形式的上述低聚体、共低聚体、聚合物或共聚物的方法。
式(I)化合物可以用作聚合引发剂,尤其是在通过自由基聚合固化的涂料用固化剂中作为热自由基引发剂(TRI)。
涂料可以是热固化组合物、双固化组合物(热和UV辐射或热和电子束辐射)或混杂固化组合物(自由基和阳离子固化组分)。
双固化组合物首先通过热固化,然后通过UV或电子辐射固化,或者反之亦然。该组合物含有如上所述能够在式(I)化合物存在下用UV光辐照时反应的具有烯属双键的组分。
混杂体系含有可阳离子和自由基聚合和可光聚合原料。可阳离子聚合体系的实例包括环醚,尤其是环氧化物和氧杂环丁烷类,以及还有乙烯基醚和含羟基化合物。也可以使用内酯化合物和环状硫醚以及乙烯基硫醚。其他实例包括氨基塑料或可熔酚醛树脂。这些尤其是蜜胺树脂、脲树脂、环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、丙烯酸系树脂、聚酯树脂和醇酸树脂,但尤其是丙烯酸系树脂、聚酯树脂或醇酸树脂与蜜胺树脂的混合物。可辐射固化树脂含有烯属不饱和化合物,尤其是(甲基)丙烯酸酯树脂。实例也如上所给。
此外,令人感兴趣的混杂体系在第一步中光聚合,然后在第二步中通过热后处理而交联,或反之亦然。该类混杂体系包含与不可光聚合的成膜组分混合的不饱和化合物。这些例如可以是物理干燥聚合物或其在有机溶剂如硝酸纤维素或乙酰丁酸纤维素中的溶液。然而,它们还可以是可化学或热固化的树脂,例如多异氰酸酯、聚环氧化物或蜜胺树脂。
自由基聚合包括热聚合,包括热固化、IR-固化和NIR-固化,和/或UV聚合。
热固化涉及在将该混合物施加于基材上之后施加对流热或IR-或NIR-辐射或微波辐射或超声暴露。在粉末涂料的情况下,首先优选通过对流热将粘附的粉末涂料熔融而形成表面层。适合引发并完成自由基聚合的温度例如为50-250℃,尤其是60-180℃。
本发明方法中NIR辐射是波长范围为约750nm至约1500nm,优选750-1200nm的短波红外辐射。NIR辐射的辐射源例如包括常规NIR辐射发射器,其可市购(例如由Adphos)。
用于本发明方法中的IR辐射是波长范围为约1500-3000nm的中波辐射和/或波长范围超过3000nm的更长波红外辐射。该类IR辐射发射器也可市购(例如由Heraeus)。
用于该固化方法的微波辐射是波长为约1mm至30cm的电磁辐射。
超声固化以超过20kHz的频率进行。
UV固化步骤通常使用波长为约150nm至IR范围,例如约200-650nm,尤其是200-450nm的光进行。作为光源使用大量高度可变类型。点光源和平面辐射器(灯阵列)均合适。实例是碳弧灯,氙弧灯,合适的话掺杂有金属卤化物的中压、高压和低压汞辐射器(金属卤化物灯),微波激发的金属蒸汽灯,准分子灯,超光化荧光灯管,荧光灯,氩白炽灯,电子闪光灯,例如高能闪光灯,照相泛光灯,电子束和借助同步加速器或激光等离子体产生的X射线。或者,光化辐射由发光二极管(LED)或有机发光二极管(OLED),例如UV发光二极管(UV-LED)提供。所述LED允许该辐射源的瞬间开关。此外,UV-LED通常具有窄波长分布且提供定制峰值波长的可能性以及还提供电能向UV辐射的有效转化。
本发明进一步提供了一种用于聚烯烃受控降解的通常可用方法,其中使用式(I)化合物降低聚烯烃,优选聚丙烯、丙烯共聚物或聚丙烯共混物的分子量。
在本发明降解方法中,式(I)化合物基于待降解的聚烯烃总重量以充分约0.001-5.0重量%,优选0.01-2.0重量%,特别优选0.02-1.0重量%的浓度掺入待降解的聚烯烃中。该用量对理想地降低分子量是有效的。式(I)化合物可以作为单独化合物或者作为混合物加入待降解的聚烯烃中。
待降解的聚烯烃类聚合物尤其包括丙烯均聚物、丙烯共聚物和聚丙烯共混物。丙烯共聚物可以由包含丙烯和各种比例共聚单体的烯烃混合物构成,共聚单体基于烯烃混合物通常为至多90重量%,优选至多50重量%。共聚单体的实例是烯烃,如1-烯烃,例如乙烯、1-丁烯、异丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-庚烯或1-辛烯;环烯烃,例如环戊烯、环己烯、降冰片烯或亚乙基降冰片烯;二烯如丁二烯、异戊二烯、1,4-己二烯、环戊二烯、二聚环戊二烯或降冰片二烯;丙烯酸衍生物;或不饱和羧酸酐如马来酸酐。
可以使用的聚丙烯共混物是聚丙烯与聚烯烃的混合物。实例是聚丙烯与聚乙烯类如高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、高分子量高密度聚乙烯(HMW HDPE)、超高分子量高密度聚乙烯(UHMW HDPE)、中密度聚乙烯(MDPE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、支化低密度聚乙烯(BLDPE)或含有小比例二烯的乙烯-丙烯-二烯三元共聚物(EPDM)的共混物。
掺入聚合物中例如可以通过使用工艺技术中常规的方法将式(I)化合物或其混合物和需要的话其他添加剂混入聚合物中而进行。
或者,掺入还可以在不引起聚合物(潜在化合物)分解的温度下进行。随后可以将以此方式制备的聚合物二次加热并以充分的时间经受升高的温度,从而发生所需聚合物降解。
下列实施例更详细说明本发明,而不将范围仅限制到所述实施例。正如在本说明书的其余部分和权利要求书中一样,份数和百分数按重量计,除非另有说明。当在实施例中提到具有不止3个碳原子的烷基而没有提及任何特定异构体时,在每种情况下是指正型异构体。
实施例1:N-[[4,6-二[(异亚丙基氨基)氧基]-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基]氧基]丙烷-2-亚胺
向丙酮肟(2.92g,0.04mol)在无水吡啶(15ml)中的冷(0℃)溶液中加入氰尿酰氯(1.84g,0.01mol)。发生放热反应且温度升至35℃。然后将该溶液在室温下搅拌5小时,然后倾入100ml冰冷水中。将所得乳液用二氯甲烷萃取(5×20ml),将萃取液在MgSO4上干燥并蒸发溶剂。将残余物层析(硅胶,CH2Cl2-C2H5O(CO)CH37:3)并将纯净级分由二氯甲烷-己烷再结晶而以白色固体得到2.79g标题化合物,mp.156-158℃。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz,δppm):2.066(s,3×CH3),2.022(s,3×CH3)。
13C-NMR(CDCl3,101.61MHz,δppm):173.87,164.15,21.94,17.22。
实施例2:N-[[4-[(E)-1-甲基亚丙基氨基]氧基-6-[(Z)-1-甲基亚丙基氨基]氧基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基]氧基]丁烷-2-亚胺
向乙基甲基酮肟(4.18g,0.048mol)在无水吡啶(16ml)中的冷(0℃)溶液中加入氰尿酰氯(2.21g,0.012mol)。发生放热反应且温度升至16℃。然后将该溶液在室温下搅拌12小时,然后倾入150ml冰冷水。将所得乳液用二氯甲烷萃取(3×30ml),将萃取液在MgSO4上干燥并蒸发溶剂。将残余物层析(硅胶,CH2Cl2-C2H5O(CO)CH38:3),以在静置时缓慢固化的无色油状物得到3.72g标题化合物,mp.51-56℃。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz,δppm):异构体混合物,2.53(q,CH2CH3),2.37(q,CH2CH3),2.05(s,CH3),2.03(s,CH3),1.13(s,CH2CH3),1.08(s,CH2CH3)。
13C-NMR(CDCl3,101.61MHz,δppm):异构体混合物,174.10,167.95,167.92,29.19,23.95,19.50,15.25,10.74,10.24。
实施例3:N-[[4,6-二[(亚环己基氨基)氧基]-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基]氧基]环己烷亚胺
向环己酮肟(4.53g,0.04mol)在无水吡啶(20ml)中的冷(0℃)溶液中加入氰尿酰氯(1.84g,0.01mol)。发生放热反应且温度升至22℃。然后将该溶液在室温下搅拌15小时,然后倾入200ml冰冷水中。将沉淀的固体滤出,干燥并由二氯甲烷-己烷再结晶而以白色固体得到3.57g标题化合物。该化合物分解而不在120℃之上熔融(DSC数据)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz,δppm):2.67(m,3×CH2),2.40(m,3×CH2),1.80-1.50(m,9×CH2)。
13C-NMR(CDCl3,101.61MHz,δppm):174.07,168.81,32.05,27.03,26.71,25.76,25.37。
实施例4:1-苯基-N-[[4-[(Z)-1-苯基亚乙基氨基]氧基-6-[(E)-1-苯基亚乙基氨基]氧基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基]氧基]乙烷亚胺
类似于实施例3由苯乙酮肟(6.8g,0.05mol)和在20ml吡啶中的氰尿酰氯(2.76g,0.015mol)以白色固体得到标题化合物,5.71g,mp.153-156℃。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz,δppm):7.87-7.83(m,3×2ArH),7.49-7.39(m,3×3ArH),2.53(s,3×CH3CO)。
13C-NMR(CDCl3,75.47MHz,δppm):174.41,163.32,134.73,130.67,128.55,127.20,14.73。
实施例5:N-[[4,6-二[(亚环十二烷基氨基)氧基]-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基]氧基]环十二烷亚胺
向环十二烷酮肟(7.89g,0.04mol)在无水吡啶(30ml)中的冷(0℃)溶液中加入氰尿酰氯(1.84g,0.01mol)。发生放热反应且温度升至20℃。然后将该溶液在室温下搅拌20小时,然后倾入300ml冰冷水中。将沉淀的固体滤出并层析(硅胶,CH2Cl2-C2H5O(CO)CH395:5)。将纯净级分由乙酸乙酯-己烷重结晶而以白色固体得到2.36g标题化合物,m.p.104-107℃。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz,δppm):2.59(m,3×CH2),2.47(m,3×CH2),1.80-1.30(m,27×CH2)。
13C-NMR(CDCl3,101.61MHz,δppm):174.10,170.05,30.81,27.23,25.16,24.81,24.36,24.12,23.94,23.39,23.06,23.00,22.62。
实施例6:N-[[4,6-二[[(Z)-(3,3,5-三甲基亚环己基)氨基]氧基]-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基]氧基]-3,3,5-三甲基环己烷亚胺
类似于实施例5由3,5,5-三甲基环己酮肟(15.5g,0.1mol)和在60ml吡啶中的氰尿酰氯(4.8g,0.026mol)以白色固体得到标题化合物,4.7g,mp.164-200℃。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz,δppm):异构体混合物,3.45-1.00(m,9×CH2),1.01(s,3×CH3),0.95(d,3×CH3),0.82(s,3×CH3)。
13C-NMR(CDCl3,101.61MHz,δppm):异构体混合物,174.00,168.17,168.04,47.92,47.72,44.03,44.01,39.66,39.27,34.35,34.20,33.99,32.01,31.86,29.51,28.35,25.44,25.17,22.19。
实施例7:N'-[[4,6-二[[(Z)-亚苄基氨基]氧基]-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基]氧基]苄脒
向苯甲醛肟(7.45g,0.0615mol)在无水四氢呋喃(THF)(25ml)中的溶液中加入三乙胺(6.27g,0.062mol),然后在室温(RT)下在15分钟内加入氰尿酰氯(3.50g,0.019mol)在15ml THF中的溶液。将该浓稠悬浮液用额外15mlTHF稀释,然后在RT下搅拌15小时。然后加入400ml冰冷水,将沉淀的固体滤出,干燥,然后由二氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯再结晶两次而以白色粉末得到4.29g标题化合物,其在300℃以下不熔融。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz,δppm):8.59(s,3×PhCH=N),7.81(dd,3×2ArH),7.55-7.40(m,3×3ArH)。
13C-NMR(CDCl3,101.61MHz,δppm):174.21,156.84,131.89,129.76,128.88,128.67。
实施例8:N'-[[4,6-二[[(E)-[氨基(苯基)亚甲基]氨基]氧基]-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基]氧基]苄脒
向苯甲酰胺肟(5.45g,0.040mol)在无水THF(40ml)中的溶液中加入三乙胺(4.05g,0.040mol),然后在RT下在15分钟内加入氰尿酰氯(1.84g,0.010mol)在25ml THF中的溶液。然后将该浓稠悬浮液在RT下搅拌3小时。然后加入400ml冰冷水,将沉淀的固体滤出,干燥,然后在室温下用乙酸乙酯(50ml)和乙腈(25ml)彻底洗涤,以白色粉末得到3.2g标题化合物,mp 204-206℃。
1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz,δppm):7.77(dd,3×2ArH),7.55-7.40(m,3×3ArH),6.92(bs,3×NH2)。
13C-NMR(CDCl3,101.61MHz,δppm):174.41,157.29,132.14,130.98,128.81,127.41。
实施例9:1-甲基-N-[[4-[(E)-(1-甲基吡咯烷-2-亚基)氨基]氧基-6-[(Z)-(1-甲基吡咯烷-2-亚基)氨基]氧基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基]氧基]吡咯烷-2-亚胺
向N-甲基吡咯烷肟(如Eilingsfeld,Heinz;Seefelder,Matthias;Weidinger,Hans,Chemische Berichte(1963),96(10),2671-90所述制备)(8.6g,0.075mol)在无水吡啶(45ml)中的冷(0℃)溶液中加入氰尿酰氯(3.87g,0.021mol)。发生放热反应且温度升至16℃。将该溶液在室温下搅拌2小时,然后在44℃下加热2小时,然后减压蒸发至干。将固体残余物用10ml水洗涤,干燥并由C2H5OC-己烷再结晶两次,以灰白色粉末得到6.9g标题化合物,mp.173-176℃。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz,δppm):3.39-3.31(m,3×CH2),2.95-2.85(m,3×CH2),2.92(s,3CH3),2.05-1.90(m,3×CH2)。
13C-NMR(CDCl3,75.47MHz,δppm):173.89,167.09,53.01,32.16,28.15,19.85。
LC-MS(APCI):对于C18H27N9O3[417.46],实测M=417.3。
实施例10:1-环己基-N-[[4-[(E)-(1-环己基吡咯烷-2-亚基)氨基]氧基-6-[(Z)-(1-环己基吡咯烷-2-亚基)氨基]氧基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基]氧基]吡咯烷-2-亚胺
N-环己基吡咯烷酮肟:在3-10℃下向由氯仿(281ml)和光气的20重量%甲苯溶液(262.1g,0.53mol)构成的混合物中加入N-环己基吡咯烷酮(88.6g,0.53mol)。然后将所得混合物在室温下搅拌32小时并直接用于下一步中。
在分开的烧瓶中放入50%羟胺水溶液(38.51g,0.583mol)和水(74ml)。在剧烈搅拌下同时向该溶液中加入之前制备的光气化溶液和NaOH(46.20g,1.155mol)在160ml水中的溶液。加料过程中的温度保持为10-20℃。将该混合物在室温下再搅拌15小时,然后分离有机层,在MgSO4上干燥并蒸发。将固体残余物由乙酸乙酯-己烷再结晶,以灰白色固体得到38.4g N-环己基吡咯烷酮肟,mp.142-145℃。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz,δppm):8.5bs(N=OH),3.6-3.4(m,1H),3.19(t,CH2),2.68(t,CH2),2.0-0.9(m,6×CH2)
13C-NMR(CDCl3,75.47MHz,δppm):161.76,52.71,45.05,29.54,26.39,25.88,25.66,20.08。
GC-MS(CI):对于C10H18N20[182.27],实测MH+=183。
向N-环己基吡咯烷酮肟(7.3g,0.04mol)在无水吡啶(40ml)中的冷(0℃)溶液中加入氰尿酰氯(2.2g,0.012mol)。然后将该混合物在室温下搅拌20小时,然后倾入400ml冰冷水中。将固体沉淀物滤出并由二氯甲烷乙酸乙酯-己烷再结晶,以灰白色晶体得到6.05g标题化合物,mp.156-160℃。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz,δppm):3.95-3.80(m,3×1H),3.40-3.25(m,3×CH2),2.95-2.80(m,3×CH2),2.0-1.0(m,18×CH2)。
13C-NMR(CDCl3,100.61MHz,δppm):173.85,166.38,52.27,45.27,29.68,28.59,25.68,25.32,19.74。
实施例11:N-[[4,6-二[[(1,3-二甲基咪唑烷-2-亚基)氨基]氧基]-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基]氧基]-1,3-二甲基咪唑烷-2-亚胺
在15分钟内向1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑烷酮肟(根据Kitamura,Mitsuru;Chiba,Shunsuke;Narasaka,Koichi,Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan(2003),76(5),1063-1070制备)(5.3g,0.041mol)在无水吡啶(25ml)中的冷(0℃)溶液中滴加氰尿酰氟(1.49gg,0.011mol)。然后将该混合物在42℃下加热2小时,然后在室温下搅拌15小时。减压蒸发吡啶,将残余物层析(硅胶,CH2Cl2-CH3OH 20:1-10:1)并将纯净级分由乙酸乙酯-己烷再结晶,以白色晶体得到2.4g标题化合物,mp.143-145℃(分解)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz,δppm):3.35-3.20(m,3×CH2CH2),3.19(s,3×CH3),2.79(s,3×CH3)。
13C-NMR(CDCl3,75.47MHz,δppm):174.07,160.00,51.21,49.06,37.75,34.11。
LC-MS(APCI):对于C18H30N12O3[462.52],实测M=462。
实施例12:(3Z)-3-[[4,6-二[[(Z)-(1-甲基-2-氧代亚丙基)氨基]氧基]-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基]氧基亚氨基]丁烷-2-酮
向2,3-丁二酮单肟(12.13g,0.012mol)在无水吡啶(35ml)中的冷(0℃)溶液中滴加氰尿酰氯(5.53g,0.03mol)在15ml四氢呋喃中的溶液。反应混合物的温度在加料结束时升至55℃。然后将该浓稠混合物在室温下搅拌15小时,然后倾入1000ml冰冷水中。将沉淀的固体滤出并由CH2Cl2-乙酸乙酯再结晶,然后由CH2Cl2-己烷再结晶,以灰白色粉末得到4.68g标题化合物,mp 173-174℃。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz,δppm):2.58(s,3×CH3),2.25(s,3×CH3)。
13C-NMR(CDCl3,101.61MHz,δppm):195.13,174.20,162.15,25.67,10.60。
实施例13:N,N-二乙基-4,6-二[(异亚丙基氨基)氧基]-1,3,5-三嗪-2-胺
在室温下向丙酮肟(4.68g,0.063mol)和氰尿酰氯(3.69g,0.020mol)在无水乙腈(40ml)中的溶液中加入三乙胺(6.38g,0.063mol)。反应混合物的温度在加料结束时升至44℃。然后将该混合物在45℃下搅拌21小时,冷却至8℃,将沉淀的固体滤出并减压蒸发滤液。残余物用水彻底洗涤并干燥,以白色固体得到2.96g标题化合物,mp.111-113℃。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz,δppm):3.66-3.60(q,2×CH2CH3),2.07(s,2×CH3),2.03(s,2×CH3),1.17-1.13(t,2×CH2CH3)。
13C-NMR(CDCl3,75.47MHz,δppm):172.58,166.72,162.37,41.14,22.09,17.13,12.96。
实施例A1:涂料组合物的聚合
使用下列不饱和可聚合组合物(重量%):
成分 | 涂料A | 涂料B | 涂料C |
尿烷-丙烯酸酯(Ebecryl 4858,Cytec) | 45.0% | ||
六官能尿烷丙烯酸酯(Ebecryl 1290,Cytec) | 15.0% | ||
季戊四醇-[5EO]-四丙烯酸酯(Photomer 4172F,Cognis) | 39.5% | ||
流平添加剂(Efka 3299,BASF) | 0.5% | ||
不饱和聚酯共混物(Palatal P6-01,DSM) | 100% |
双-A-环氧-乙烯基酯@60%,在苯乙烯中(Atlac 430,DSM) | 100% |
将1%重量/重量待测试化合物溶于该组合物中并将所得混合物进行差示扫描量热法(DSC)测量。被测试化合物的活性由以起始、峰值和终点温度以及释放的热量(放热反应)表征的放热固化反应表明。
使用下列DSC参数:
设备:DSC 30(Mettler)
温度梯度:5℃/Min
温度范围:30-300℃
在氮气下测量,流速5ml/Min
样品量:约10mg化合物,在铝坩埚中
测试化合物和测试结果列于表2中。
表2中总结的结果表明空白配制剂未发生固化,但掺入本发明化合物时观察到明显放热固化。
Claims (12)
1.一种组合物,包含:
(a)烯属不饱和可聚合单体或低聚体,和
(b)作为自由基产生化合物的式I的亚氨氧基三嗪化合物:
其中
n为1或2;
R1和R2相互独立地为氢、NH2、NHR5、NR5R6、COR5、COOR5、CONH2、CONHR5、CONR5R6、CN、SR5、OR5、C1-C18烷基、C3-C12环烷基、C6-C14芳基或C2-C14杂芳基,
其中所述C3-C12环烷基、C6-C14芳基或C2-C14杂芳基未被取代或被一个或多个选自C1-C12烷基、C3-C12环烷基、苯基、卤素和C1-C12烷氧基的基团取代,
或者R1和R2与它们所连接的碳原子一起形成4-12员碳环或杂环饱和或不饱和环,该环未被取代或被一个或多个选自C1-C12烷基、C3-C12环烷基、苯基、卤素和C1-C12烷氧基的基团取代;
R3为F、Cl、OH、OR5、SH、SR5、NH2、NHR5、NR5R6或R1R2C=N-O-;其中在式I化合物的所有基团R1R2C=N-O-中的R1和R2相同或不同;
若n为1,则R4为F、Cl、OH、OR5、SH、SR5、NH2、NHR5、NR5R6或R1R2C=N-O-;
其中在式I化合物的所有基团R1R2C=N-O-中的R1和R2相同或不同;
若n为2,则R4为衍生于二醇、二胺、氨基醇或巯基醇的双官能基团;
R5和R6相互独立地为C1-C18烷基、C3-C12环烷基、C6-C14芳基或C2-C14杂芳基。
2.根据权利要求1的组合物,其中在式I化合物中,
R1和R2相互独立地为氢、NH2、COR5、C1-C12烷基或苯基,
或者R1和R2与它们所连接的碳原子一起形成6或12员饱和碳环或5员饱和杂环,该环被一个或多个选自C1-C12烷基和C3-C12环烷基的基团取代;
R3和R4为R1R2C=N-O-;
其中在式I化合物的所有基团R1R2C=N-O-中的R1和R2相同或不同;以及
R5为C1-C12烷基。
3.根据权利要求1或2的组合物,其中在组分(b)中式I化合物中的官能基团R1R2C=N-O-的量为0.01-30个/100个可聚合单体或低聚体(a)的烯属不饱和官能基团C=C。
4.根据权利要求3的组合物,其中式I化合物中的官能基团R1R2C=N-O-的量为0.05-10个/100个可聚合单体或低聚体(a)的烯属不饱和官能基团C=C。
5.根据权利要求4的组合物,其中式I化合物中的官能基团R1R2C=N-O-的量为0.1-5.0个/100个可聚合单体或低聚体(a)的烯属不饱和官能基团C=C。
6.如权利要求1或2所定义的式I的亚氨氧基三嗪化合物在由自由基存在触发的反应中产生自由基的用途。
7.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的组合物在通过自由基聚合制备聚合物质的用途。
8.根据权利要求7的用途,其中所述聚合物质呈涂料形式。
9.一种制备低聚物质、共低聚物质、聚合物质或共聚物质的方法,其特征在于使根据权利要求1-5中任一项的组合物经受对流热,或经受选自UV、IR、NIR、微波的辐射,超声,或同时经受热和辐射。
10.根据权利要求9的方法,其中所述低聚物质、共低聚物质、聚合物质或共聚物质呈涂料形式。
11.一种聚烯烃的受控降解方法,其中使用根据权利要求1或2的式I的亚氨氧基三嗪化合物降低所述聚烯烃的分子量且将所述式I的亚氨氧基三嗪化合物以0.001-5.0重量%的浓度掺入所述聚烯烃中。
12.根据权利要求11的方法,其中所述聚烯烃为聚丙烯、丙烯共聚物或聚丙烯共混物。
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EP3253735B1 (en) | 2015-02-02 | 2021-03-31 | Basf Se | Latent acids and their use |
DE102019210040A1 (de) | 2019-07-08 | 2021-01-14 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verwendung von phenolisch substituierten Zuckerderivaten als Stabilisatoren, Kunststoffzusammensetzung, Verfahren zur Stabilisierung von Kunststoffen sowie phenolisch substituierte Zuckerderivate |
DE102021205168A1 (de) | 2021-05-20 | 2022-11-24 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung eingetragener Verein | Verwendung mindestens einer Schwefel enthaltenden Aminosäure zur Stabilisierung von thermoplastischen Kunststoff-Recyclaten, stabilisiertes thermo-plastisches Kunststoffrecyclat, Stabilisatorzusammensetzung, Masterbatch sowie Formmasse bzw. Formteil |
DE102021212696A1 (de) | 2021-11-11 | 2023-05-11 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung eingetragener Verein | Stabilisatoren auf Basis von Syringasäure, Vanillinsäure, lsovanillinsäure oder 5-Hydroxyveratrumsäure, Kunststoffzusammensetzung, Verfahren zur Stabiliserung einer Kunststoffzusammensetzung sowie Stabilisatorzusammensetzung |
DE102022201632A1 (de) | 2022-02-16 | 2023-08-17 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung eingetragener Verein | Polymere Stabilisatoren auf Basis von Syringasäure, Vanillinsäure, lsovanillinsäure oder 5-Hydroxyveratrumsäure, Kunststoffzusammensetzung, Verfahren zur Stabiliserung einer Kunststoffzusammensetzung sowie Stabilisatorzusammensetzung |
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CN104755468A (zh) | 2015-07-01 |
EP2912023A1 (en) | 2015-09-02 |
KR101794426B1 (ko) | 2017-11-06 |
EP2912023B1 (en) | 2017-01-11 |
US20150284604A1 (en) | 2015-10-08 |
JP2016502569A (ja) | 2016-01-28 |
US9255217B2 (en) | 2016-02-09 |
WO2014064064A1 (en) | 2014-05-01 |
JP5968550B2 (ja) | 2016-08-10 |
KR20150076212A (ko) | 2015-07-06 |
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