CN102341370B - 聚合引发剂 - Google Patents
聚合引发剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102341370B CN102341370B CN200980157853.3A CN200980157853A CN102341370B CN 102341370 B CN102341370 B CN 102341370B CN 200980157853 A CN200980157853 A CN 200980157853A CN 102341370 B CN102341370 B CN 102341370B
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- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- group
- compound
- hydrogen
- independently
- Prior art date
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- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 title description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- -1 polypropylene, propylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 86
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 55
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 18
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005917 acylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001266 acyl halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000010933 acylation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002152 alkylating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NLFBCYMMUAKCPC-KQQUZDAGSA-N ethyl (e)-3-[3-amino-2-cyano-1-[(e)-3-ethoxy-3-oxoprop-1-enyl]sulfanyl-3-oxoprop-1-enyl]sulfanylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)\C=C\SC(=C(C#N)C(N)=O)S\C=C\C(=O)OCC NLFBCYMMUAKCPC-KQQUZDAGSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HTSGKJQDMSTCGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylbutane-1,4-dione Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C(C(=O)C=1C=CC(Cl)=CC=1)CC(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 HTSGKJQDMSTCGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 53
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 36
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 26
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 22
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 19
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 15
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 14
- SYNHCENRCUAUNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrogen mustard N-oxide hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.ClCC[N+]([O-])(C)CCCl SYNHCENRCUAUNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 11
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 10
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 10
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 9
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 9
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 8
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicylcohexylcarbodiimide Chemical compound C1CCCCC1N=C=NC1CCCCC1 QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 8
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 description 8
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine Substances CC1(C)CCCC(C)(C)N1 RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 125000004442 acylamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- OAYLNYINCPYISS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetate;hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC.CCOC(C)=O OAYLNYINCPYISS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- MEIRRNXMZYDVDW-MQQKCMAXSA-N (2E,4E)-2,4-hexadien-1-ol Chemical compound C\C=C\C=C\CO MEIRRNXMZYDVDW-MQQKCMAXSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229940093499 ethyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229960003328 benzoyl peroxide Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- SLIVDYMORZGPLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-n-[4-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[2-([1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-3-yl)ethynyl]benzamide Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCN1CC(C(=C1)C(F)(F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C(C#CC=2N3C=CC=CC3=NN=2)=C1 SLIVDYMORZGPLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 4
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Chemical group CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 4
- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JHPBZFOKBAGZBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethylpentyl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)C(C)(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C JHPBZFOKBAGZBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VJDISCHCAAFQRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl) n,n'-dicyclohexylcarbamimidate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(O)CC(C)(C)N1OC(NC1CCCCC1)=NC1CCCCC1 VJDISCHCAAFQRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001731 2-cyanoethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C#N 0.000 description 3
- FIHBHSQYSYVZQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-prop-2-enoyloxyhexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C FIHBHSQYSYVZQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RRSNDVCODIMOFX-MPKOGUQCSA-N Fc1c(Cl)cccc1[C@H]1[C@@H](NC2(CCCCC2)[C@@]11C(=O)Nc2cc(Cl)ccc12)C(=O)Nc1ccc(cc1)C(=O)NCCCCCc1cccc2C(=O)N(Cc12)C1CCC(=O)NC1=O Chemical compound Fc1c(Cl)cccc1[C@H]1[C@@H](NC2(CCCCC2)[C@@]11C(=O)Nc2cc(Cl)ccc12)C(=O)Nc1ccc(cc1)C(=O)NCCCCCc1cccc2C(=O)N(Cc12)C1CCC(=O)NC1=O RRSNDVCODIMOFX-MPKOGUQCSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Natural products CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229940126214 compound 3 Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004386 diacrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000009998 heat setting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940059574 pentaerithrityl Drugs 0.000 description 3
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- BDNKZNFMNDZQMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diisopropylcarbodiimide Chemical compound CC(C)N=C=NC(C)C BDNKZNFMNDZQMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Heptene Chemical compound CCCCCC=C ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VUQPJRPDRDVQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chlorooctadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCl VUQPJRPDRDVQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZCMOJQQLBXBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxy-2-methylpropane Chemical compound CC(C)COC=C OZCMOJQQLBXBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 1755-01-7 Chemical compound C1[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC=C[C@@H]3[C@@H]1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HWRLEEPNFJNTOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)phenol Chemical class OC1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC=NC=N1 HWRLEEPNFJNTOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PTJWCLYPVFJWMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO PTJWCLYPVFJWMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol Chemical compound CC(O)CC(C)(C)O SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NPDACUSDTOMAMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Chlorotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 NPDACUSDTOMAMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DRSHXJFUUPIBHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N COc1ccc(cc1)N1N=CC2C=NC(Nc3cc(OC)c(OC)c(OCCCN4CCN(C)CC4)c3)=NC12 Chemical compound COc1ccc(cc1)N1N=CC2C=NC(Nc3cc(OC)c(OC)c(OCCCN4CCN(C)CC4)c3)=NC12 DRSHXJFUUPIBHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical compound NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 0 Cc1nc(N(C)*)nc(C)n1 Chemical compound Cc1nc(N(C)*)nc(C)n1 0.000 description 2
- 229920001174 Diethylhydroxylamine Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical group C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluoroform Chemical compound FC(F)F XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005466 alkylenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000668 atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229940125773 compound 10 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentadiene Chemical compound C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001990 dicarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005829 trimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000785 ultra high molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- C07C291/02—Compounds containing carbon and nitrogen and having functional groups not covered by groups C07C201/00 - C07C281/00 containing nitrogen-oxide bonds
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Abstract
本发明涉及新的具有通式(I)的O-二烷基氨基-异脲和含有这些O-二烷基氨基-异脲的可聚合的组合物。本发明还涉及O-二烷基氨基-异脲作为聚合引发剂的用途,尤其用于制备涂料,或用于聚烯烃的受控降解的用途。
Description
本发明涉及通过羟基胺与碳二酰亚胺反应获得的新化合物,以及含有这些化合物的可聚合的组合物。本发明还涉及这些化合物作为聚合引发剂或用于聚烯烃的受控降解的用途。
自由基聚合属于最重要的聚合方法。其用于制备许多工业上重要的聚合物,例如聚苯乙烯、PVC、聚丙烯酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、PAN和其它聚合物。关于技术细节,可以参见相关的标准操作G.Odian,聚合原理(Principles of Polymerization),McGraw-Hill New York 1991。
自由基聚合是使用引发剂引发的。已经在聚合物技术中使用的引发剂的例子是偶氮化合物、二烷基过氧化物、二酰基过氧化物、氢过氧化物、热不稳定的C-C二聚体、氧化还原体系和光引发剂。可以参见“自由基引发剂手册(Handbook of Free Radical Initiators)”,(E.T.Denisov,T.G.Denisova,T.S.Pokidova,J.Wiley&Sons,Inc.Hoboken,New Jersey,2003)。
尽管广泛应用,但这些引发剂具有各种缺点。因此,例如,过氧化物是非常容易点燃和燃烧的,所以存在潜在爆炸危险,使得它们的使用、储存和运输必须涉及昂贵的安全措施。一些引发剂产生有毒的产物,例如AIBN。
所以,一般需要用于自由基聚合的新引发剂,其具有满意的安全性能。
国际申请WO2001/90113和WO2004/081100/A1描述了位阻的N-酰氧基胺作为新类型的聚合引发剂。与这些相似,开发了新的N-取代的酰亚胺作为新的聚合引发剂,如WO2006/0510471A1所述。
我们现在发现碳二酰亚胺与位阻N-羟基胺反应能提供迄今未知的反应产物,所述产物最可能具有O-二烷基氨基-异脲结构。此外,发现这些新化合物是自由基聚合或其它能通过自由基引发的方法中的非常有效的引发剂,例如聚烯烃的受控降解。
本发明的目的是新的具有通式I的O-二烷基氨基-异脲化合物:
其中
R100和R101各自独立地是C1-C20烷基或C6-C10芳基;或R100和R101一起形成单环或多环的杂环,所述杂环任选地含有其它杂原子O、S、N和P;
R102和R103独立地是C1-C19烷基、C5-C12环烷基、C6-C10芳基、C7-C10芳烷基、(CH3)3Si-,所述C1-C19烷基、C5-C12环烷基、C6-C10芳基、C7-C10芳烷基基团是任选地被O或N原子间隔或被C1-C19烷基取代或被选自C1-C19烷基氨基、二(C1-C19烷基)氨基或三(C1-C19烷基)铵的含N基团取代;
R104是H,C1-C19烷基,C5-C12环烷基,C7-C10芳烷基,或选自以下酰基中的酰基:-C(=O)-H,-C(=O)-C1-C19烷基,-C(=O)-C2-C19链烯基,-C(=O)-C6-C10芳基,-C(=O)-C2-C19链烯基-C6-C10芳基,-C(=O)-O-C1-C19烷基,-C(=O)-O-C6-C10芳基,-C(=O)-NH-C1-C19烷基,-C(=O)-NH-C6-C10芳基和-C(=O)-N(C1-C19烷基)2。
式(I)的结构可以使得(例如二聚的、三聚的、低聚的或聚合的)分子(I)含有多于一次、例如2-10次的异脲片段。
本发明的一个优选实施方案提供具有式I的化合物,其中
R100和R101是式A的基团:
其中
R1-R4各自是C1-C6烷基;或R1与R2或/和R3与R4可以与它们所连接的碳原子一起形成C5-C8环烷基环;
R5和R6彼此独立地是氢、C1-C6烷基或C6-C10芳基;或R5和R6一起是氧;
Q是直接键或二价基团-(CR7R8)-或-(CR7R8-CR9R10)-,其中R7、R8、R9和R10彼此独立地是氢或C1-C6烷基;和
Z1是氧或二价基团-NR11-,其中R11是氢,C1-C6烷基,C6-C10芳基,或选自以下的酰基:-C(=O)-H,-C(=O)-C1-C19烷基,-C(=O)-C2-C19链烯基,-C(=O)-C2-C4链烯基-C6-C10芳基,-C(=O)-C6-C10芳基,-C(=O)-O-C1-C19烷基,-C(=O)-O-C6-C10芳基,-C(=O)-NH-C1-C19烷基,-C(=O)-NH-C6-C10芳基和-C(=O)-N(C1-C19烷基)2;或
Z1是-(CR12R13)-,其中彼此独立地,基团R12和R13中之一是氢或C1-C6烷基,另一个是-OH、-NH2、COOH、-CN、C1-C6烷基、C1-C19烷氧基、C6-C10芳基氧基,或
选自以下的单酰基氧基:-O-C(=O)-H,-O-C(=O)-C1-C19烷基,-O-C(=O)-C2-C19链烯,-O-C(=O)-C6-C10芳基,-O-C(=O)-C2-C19链烯基-C6-C10芳基,-O-C(=O)-O-C1-C19烷基,-O-C(=O)-O-C6-C10芳基,-O-C(=O)-NH-C1-C19烷基,-O-C(=O)-NH-C6-C10芳基和-O-C(=O)-N(C1-C19烷基)2,或选自以下的二酰基氧基:-O-C(=O)-(CH2)q-C(=O)-O-(q=0-12),邻-、间-或对-C6H4(COO-)2,或
具有式1,3,5-C6H3(COO-)3的三酰基氧基,或C1-C19烷基氨基,二-C1-C19烷基氨基,C6-C10芳基氨基;选自以下的酰基氨基:-NH-C(=O)-H,-NH-C(=O)-C1-C19烷基,-NH-C(=O)-C2-C19链烯基,-NH-C(=O)-C6-C10芳基,-NH-C(=O)-C2-C19链烯基-C6-C10芳基,-NH-C(=O)-O-C1-C19烷基,-NH-C(=O)-O-C6-C10芳基,-NH-C(=O)-NH-C1-C19烷基,-NH-C(=O)-NH-C6-C10芳基和-NH-C(=O)-N(C1-C19烷基)2;选自以下的二酰基氨基:-N-[C(=O)-C1-C19烷基]2和-N[-C(=O)-C6-C10芳基]2,或N-酰基-N-C1-C19烷基氨基,或选自以下的二(酰基氨基):-NH-C(=O)-(CH2)q-C(=O)-NH-(q=0-12),邻-、间-或对-C6H4(CONH-)2,或具有式1,3,5-C6H3(CONH-)3的三(酰基氨基),
或两个基团R12和R13一起是氧代,
或两个基团R12和R13一起与它们所连接的碳原子形成含最多两个氧原子或含有一个氧原子和基团-NR11-的5或6员环;
所述5或6员环是任选地被选自以下的一个基团取代或彼此独立地被选自以下的两个基团取代:
C1-C19烷基,-CH2OH,或-CH2-酰基氧基,所述酰基氧基选自以下酰基氧基:-O-C(=O)-H,-O-C(=O)-C1-C19烷基,-O-C(=O)-C2-C19链烯基,-O-C(=O)-C6-C10芳基,-O-C(=O)-C2-C19链烯基-C6-C10芳基,-O-C(=O)-O-C1-C19烷基,-O-C(=O)-O-C6-C10芳基,-O-C(=O)-NH-C1-C19烷基,-O-C(=O)-NH-C6-C10芳基和-O-C(=O)-N(C1-C19烷基)2;此外,此5或6员环可以与第二个5-8员碳环连接;
R102和R103独立地是C1-C4烷基,C5-C6环烷基,C6-C7芳基,C7-C10芳烷基,
R104是H,C1-C8烷基,C5-C6环烷基,C7-芳烷基,或选自以下酰基中的酰基:-C(=O)-C1-C17烷基,-C(=O)-C2-C3链烯基,-C(=O)-C6-C10芳基,-C(=O)-O-C1-C8烷基,-C(=O)-NH-C1-C8烷基,-C(=O)-NH-C6-C10芳基和-C(=O)-N(C1-C8烷基)2。
在式Ia中的Z1的定义中,术语“或两个基团R12和R13一起与它们所连接的碳原子形成含最多两个氧原子或含有一个氧原子和基团-NR11-的5或6员环”获得了以下结构:
其中n是1或2,R1-R6和Q如上述式A中所定义。
当n=1时,G3是C2-C8亚烷基、C2-C8羟基亚烷基或C4-C22酰基氧基亚烷基,或当n=2时,G3是基团(-CH2)2C(CH2)2,
或获得以下结构:
其中n是1或2,R1-R6和R11和Q如上述式A中所定义,
G3是C2-C8亚烷基,C2-C8羟基亚烷基或C4-C22酰基氧基亚烷基或C2-C8二羟基亚烷基或C4-C22二酰基氧基亚烷基;
或获得以下结构:
其中R1-R6和R11和Q如上述式A中所定义;
或获得以下结构:
其中R1-R6和Q如上述式A中所定义,
G4是氢,C1-C19烷基,烯丙基,苄基,缩水甘油基或C2-C6烷氧基烷基;和
G5具有以下含义:
当n=1时,
G5是氢,C1-C19烷基,C3-C5链烯基,C7-C9芳烷基,C5-C7环烷基,C2-C4羟基烷基,C2-C6烷氧基烷基,C6-C10芳基,缩水甘油基或基团:-(CH2)p-COO-Q或-(CH2)p-O-CO-Q,其中p是1或2,Q是C1-C19烷基或苯基;或
当n=2时,
G5是C2-C12亚烷基,C4-C12亚烯基,C6-C12亚芳基,基团-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-O-D-O-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-,其中D是C2-C10-亚烷基,C6-C15亚芳基或C6-C12-亚环烷基,或基团-CH2CH(OZ′)CH2-(OCH2-CH(OZ′)CH2)2-,其中Z′是氢、C1-C18烷基、烯丙基、苄基、C2-C12-烷酰基或苯甲酰基,
或获得以下结构:
其中n是1或2,R1-R6和Q如上述式A中所定义,
G5具有以下含义:
当n=1时,
G5是氢,C1-C19烷基,C3-C5链烯基,C7-C9芳烷基,C5-C7环烷基,C2-C4羟基烷基,C2-C6烷氧基烷基,C6-C10芳基,缩水甘油基或基团:-(CH2)p-COO-Q或-(CH2)p-O-CO-Q,其中p是1或2,Q是C1-C19烷基或苯基;或
当n=2时,
G5是C2-C12亚烷基,C4-C12亚烯基,C6-C12亚芳基,基团-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-O-D-O-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-,其中D是C2-C10-亚烷基、C6-C15亚芳基或C6-C12-环亚烷基,或基团-CH2CH(OZ′)CH2-(OCH2-CH(OZ′)CH2)2-,其中Z′是氢、C1-C18烷基、烯丙基、苄基、C2-C12-烷酰基或苯甲酰基;
T1和T2各自彼此独立地是氢,C1-C19烷基,C6-C10芳基或C7-C9芳烷基,各自可以被卤素或C1-C4-烷基取代,或
T1和T2一起与它们所连接的碳原子形成C5-C14环烷环;
或获得以下结构:
其中R1-R6和Q如上述式A中所定义,
Q1是-NH或-N-C1-C18烷基或-O-;
E是C1-C3,基团-CH2CH(R8)-O-,其中R8是氢、甲基或苯基,基团-(CH2)3-NH-;或E是直接键;
R60是C1-C18烷基,C5-C7环烷基,C7-C12芳烷基,氰基乙基,C6-C10芳基,基团-CH2CH(R8)-OH,其中R8是氢、甲基或苯基,基团-(CH2)3-NH-;或
R60是式的基团,其中R1-R6和Q如上述式Ia中所定义;或
R60是式的基团,其中R1-R6和Q如上述式A中所定义,
E是C1-C3,基团-CH2CH(R8)-O-,其中R8是氢、甲基或苯基,基团-(CH2)3-NH-;或E是直接键;
G是C2-C6或C6-C12亚芳基,R是氢,未间隔的C1-C18烷基,或被一个或多个氧原子间隔的C2-C18烷基,氰基乙基,苯甲酰基,缩水甘油基,具有2-18个碳原子的脂族羧酸的单价基团,具有7-15个碳原子的环脂族羧酸的单价基团,具有3-5个碳原子的α,β-不饱和羧酸的单价基团或具有7-15个碳原子的芳族羧酸的单价基团,其中每种羧酸可以在脂族、环脂族或芳族结构部分中被1-3个-COOZ12基团取代,其中Z12是H、C1-C20烷基、C3-C12链烯基、C5-C7环烷基、苯基或苄基;或R是氨基甲酸或含磷的酸的单价基团,或单价甲硅烷基;
或
R60是基团-E-CO-NH-CH2-Oh或基团-E-CO-NH-CH2-O-C1-C18烷基;其中E是-CH2CH(R8)-O-,其中R8是氢、甲基或苯基,基团-(CH2)3-NH-;或E是直接键;
或获得以下结构:
其中R1-R6和Q如上述式A中所定义,
K是2-100;
T是亚乙基或1,2-亚丙基,或是衍生自与烷基丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯的α-烯烃共聚物的重复结构单元;和
Q1是-NH或-N-C1-C18烷基或-O-;
或获得以下结构:
其中R1-R6和Q如上述式A中所定义,
如果n是1,则T2是氢,C1-C12烷基,C3-C5链烯基,C7-C9芳烷基,C5-C7环烷基,C2-C4羟基烷基,C2-C6烷氧基烷基,C6-C10芳基,缩水甘油基,式-(CH2)m-COO-Q的基团或式-(CH2)m-O-CO-Q的基团,其中m是1或2,Q是C1-C4烷基或苯基;或
如果n是2,则T2是C2-C12,C6-C12亚芳基,基团-CH2CH(OH)CH2-O-D-O-CH2CH(OH)CH2-,其中D是C2-C10、C6-C15亚芳基或C6-C12环,或基团-CH2CH(OZ1)CH2-(OCH2CH(OZ1)CH2)2-,其中Z1是氢、C1-C18烷基、烯丙基、苄基、C2-C12烷酰基或苯甲酰基;
或获得以下结构:
其中R1-R6和Q如上述中式A所定义;
或获得以下结构:
其中R1-R6和Q如上述式A中所定义,
k是2-100;
T3和T4独立地是C2-C12亚烷基,或T4是基团
T7和T8独立地是氢、C1-C18烷基,或T7和T8一起是C4-C6或3-氧杂五亚甲基;
或获得以下结构:
其中R1-R6和Q如上述式A中所定义,
e是3或4;
T6是其中a、b和c独立地是2或3,d是0或1;
R10是氢,C1-C12烷基,C5-C7环烷基,C7-C8芳烷基,C2-C18烷酰基,C3-C5烯酰基或苯甲酰基;优选是氢或C1-C12烷基;
或获得以下结构:
其中R1-R6和Q如上述式A中所定义,
E1和E2是不同的,各自是-CO-或-N(E5)-,其中E5是氢、C1-C12烷基或C4-C22烷氧基羰基烷基;
E3和E4各自独立地是氢,C1-C30烷基,未取代的苯基或萘基;或者被氯或被C1-C4烷基取代的苯基或萘基;
E3和E4一起是具有4-17个碳原子的多亚甲基,任选地被最多四个C1-C4烷基取代;
或获得以下结构:
其中R1-R6和Q如上述式A中所定义,
R101是C1-C12烷基,C5-C7环烷基,C7-C8芳烷基,C2-C18烷酰基,C3-C5烯酰基或苯甲酰基;
或获得以下结构:
其中R1-R6和Q如上述式A中所定义,
E6是脂族或芳族的四价基团;
四价基团是例如丁烷-1,2,3,4-四羧酸或1,2,4,5-苯四酸的四价基团;
或获得以下结构:
其中R1-R6和Q如上述式A中所定义;
或获得以下结构:
其中R1-R6和Q如上述式A中所定义;
或获得以下结构:
其中R1-R6和Q如上述式A中所定义;
或获得以下结构:
其中R1-R6和Q如上述式A中所定义,
T5是C2-C22,C5-C7环,C1-C4二(C5-C7环),亚苯基或亚苯基二(C1-C4);
或获得以下结构:
其中R1-R6和Q如上述式A中所定义,
R10是氢,C1-C12烷基或C1-C12烷氧基。
本发明的特别优选实施方案提供了式I的化合物,其中:
R100和R101各自独立地是C1-C4烷基或一起形成式A的基团:
其中
R1-R4各自是C1-C6烷基;或R1和R2或/和R3和R4可以与它们所连接的碳原子一起形成C5-C8环烷基环;
R5和R6各自彼此独立地是氢,C1-C6烷基或C6-C10芳基;或R5和R6一起是氧;
Q是直接键或二价基团-(CR7R8)-或-(CR7R8-CR9R10)-,其中R7、R8、R9和R10各自彼此独立地是氢或C1-C6烷基;和
Z1是氧或二价基团-NR11-,其中R11是氢,C1-C6烷基,C6-C10芳基,或选自以下的酰基:-C(=O)-H,-C(=O)-C1-C19烷基,-C(=O)-C2-C19链烯基,-C(=O)-C2-C4链烯基-C6-C10芳基,-C(=O)-C6-C10芳基,-C(=O)-O-C1-C19烷基,-C(=O)-O-C6-C10芳基,-C(=O)-NH-C1-C19烷基,-C(=O)-NH-C6-C10芳基和-C(=O)-N(C1-C19烷基)2;或
Z1是-(CR12R13)-,其中彼此独立地,基团R12和R13之一是氢或C1-C6烷基,另一个是-OH、-NH2、COOH、-CN、C1-C6烷基、C1-C19烷氧基、C6-C10芳基氧基,或
选自以下的单酰基氧基:-O-C(=O)-H,-O-C(=O)-C1-C19烷基,-O-C(=O)-C2-C19链烯基,-O-C(=O)-C6-C10芳基,-O-C(=O)-C2-C19链烯基-C6-C10芳基,-O-C(=O)-O-C1-C19烷基,-O-C(=O)-O-C6-C10芳基,-O-C(=O)-NH-C1-C19烷基,-O-C(=O)-NH-C6-C10芳基和-O-C(=O)-N(C1-C19烷基)2,或
选自以下的二酰基氧基:-O-C(=O)-(CH2)q-C(=O)-O-(q=0-12),邻-、间-或对-C6H4(COO-)2,或
式1,3,5-C6H3(COO-)3的三酰基氧基,或
C1-C19烷基氨基,二-C1-C19烷基氨基,C6-C10芳基氨基,选自以下的酰基氨基:-NH-C(=O)-H,-NH-C(=O)-C1-C19烷基,-NH-C(=O)-C2-C19链烯基,-NH-C(=O)-C6-C10芳基,-NH-C(=O)-C2-C19链烯基-C6-C10芳基,-NH-C(=O)-O-C1-C19烷基,-NH-C(=O)-O-C6-C10芳基,-NH-C(=O)-NH-C1-C19烷基,-NH-C(=O)-NH-C6-C10芳基和-NH-C(=O)-N(C1-C19烷基)2,选自以下的二酰基氨基:-N[-C(=O)-C1-C19烷基]2和-N[-C(=O)-C6-C10芳基]2,或N-酰基-N-C1-C19烷基氨基,或
选自以下的二(酰基氨基):-NH-C(=O)-(CH2)q-C(=O)-NH-(q=0-12),邻-、间-或对-C6H4(CONH-)2,或
式1,3,5-C6H3(CONH-)3的三(酰基氨基),
或两个基团R12和R13一起是氧代,
或两个基团R12和R13与它们所连接的碳原子一起形成含最多两个氧原子或含一个氧原子和基团-NR11-的5或6员环;
所述5或6员环是任选地被选自以下的一个基团取代或彼此独立地被选自以下的两个基团取代:C1-C19烷基,-CH2OH,或-CH2-酰基氧基,所述酰基氧基选自以下的酰基氧基:-O-C(=O)-H,-O-C(=O)-C1-C19烷基,-O-C(=O)-C2-C19链烯基,-O-C(=O)-C6-C10芳基,-O-C(=O)-C2-C19链烯基-C6-C10芳基,-O-C(=O)-O-C1-C19烷基,-O-C(=O)-O-C6-C10芳基,-O-C(=O)-NH-C1-C19烷基,-O-C(=O)-NH-C6-C10芳基和-O-C(=O)-N(C1-C19烷基)2;
此外,此5或6员环可以与第二个5-8员碳环连接;
R102和R103独立地是C1-C4烷基,C5-C6环烷基,C6-C7芳基,C7-C10芳烷基,
R104是H,C1-C8烷基,C5-C6环烷基,C7-芳烷基,或选自以下酰基中的酰基:-C(=O)-C1-C17烷基,-C(=O)-C2-C3链烯基,-C(=O)-C6-C10芳基,-C(=O)-O-C1-C8烷基,-C(=O)-NH-C1-C8烷基,-C(=O)-NH-C6-C10芳基和-C(=O)-N(C1-C8烷基)2。
感兴趣的也是式I的化合物,其中:
R100和R101各自独立地是C1-C4烷基或一起形成式A的基团:
其中
R1-R4各自是C1-C2烷基;
R5和R6各自彼此独立地是氢或甲基;
Q是二价基团-(CH2)-;和
Z1是二价基团-(CR12R13)-,其中基团R12和R13之一是氢,另一个是H、OH、NH2,选自-O-C(=O)-C1-C17烷基、-O-C(=O)-N(C1-C6烷基)2中的酰基氧基;苯甲酰基,或C1-C6烷基氨基,二-C1-C6烷基氨基,C6-C10芳基氨基,选自-NH-C(=O)-C1-C17烷基、-NH-C(=O)-苯基、-NH-C(=O)-N(C1-C6烷基)2中的酰基氨基,
R102和R103独立地是C1-C3烷基,环己基,苯基,对-甲苯基,2,6-二异丙基苯基;
R104是H,C1-C4烷基,C5-C6环烷基,苄基,或选自以下酰基的酰基:-C(=O)-C1-C17烷基和-C(=O)-苯基。
尤其感兴趣的是式I的化合物,其中:
R102和R103独立地是C1-C3烷基,环己基,苯基,对-甲苯基,2,6-二异丙基苯基。
特别感兴趣的是式I的化合物,其中:
R104是H,C1-C4烷基,C5-C6环烷基,苄基,或选自以下酰基的酰基:-C(=O)-C1-C17烷基和-C(=O)-苯基。
非常感兴趣的是式I的化合物,其中:
R100和R101各自独立地是C1-C4烷基或一起形成式A的基团:
其中:
R1-R4各自彼此独立地是C1-C4烷基,
R5和R6各自彼此独立地是氢或C1-C4烷基;
Q是二价基团-(CR7R8)-,其中R7和R8各自彼此独立地是氢或C1-C4烷基;
Z1是-(CR12R13)-,其中彼此独立地,基团R12和R13之一是氢或C1-C4烷基,另一个是-OH、C1-C6烷基,或选自以下的单酰基氧基-O-C(=O)-H,-O-C(=O)-C1-C4烷基和-O-C(=O)-C6-C10芳基;或选自以下的二酰基氧基:-O-C(=O)-(CH2)q-C(=O)-O-(q=0-12)和邻-,间-或对-C6H4(COO-)2;
R102和R103各自彼此独立地是C1-C4烷基,环己基,未取代的或被C1-C4烷基取代的苯基;和
R104是氢,-C(=O)-C1-C17烷基或-C(=O)-C6-C10芳基。
这些化合物适合作为聚合引发剂,尤其用于聚合方法中以制备涂料。术语“聚合物”包括低聚物、低聚共聚物、聚合物和共聚物,例如无规、嵌段、多嵌段、星形或梯形共聚物。
这些化合物也可以用于聚烯烃的受控降解。
基团的定义
在式I化合物中的C1-C20烷基是例如C1-C6烷基,例如甲基,乙基,正丙基或异丙基,或正-、仲-或叔丁基,或直链或支化的戊基或己基,或C7-C19烷基,例如直链或支化的庚基、辛基、异辛基、壬基、叔壬基、癸基或十一烷基、正十三烷基、正十四烷基、正十六烷基或正十八烷基。
C6-C10芳基是例如碳环单芳基或二芳基,优选单芳基,例如苯基,其可以被合适的取代基单取代或二取代,例如C1-C4烷基,例如甲基、乙基或叔丁基,C1-C4烷氧基,例如甲氧基或乙氧基,或卤素,例如氯。在二取代的情况下,优选2位和6位。
C2-C19链烯基是例如乙烯基、丙烯基、丁烯基、戊烯基、己烯基、庚烯基、辛烯基、十二碳烯基等,包括它们的异构体。
C7-C10芳烷基是例如苄基,苯基丙基,α,α-二甲基苄基或α-甲基苄基。
被至少一个O原子间隔的C2-C12烷基是例如-CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH3,-CH2-CH2-O-CH3或-CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH3。其优选衍生自聚乙二醇。一般描述是-((CH2)a-O)b-H/CH3,其中a是1-6的数,b是2-10的数。
R100和R101一起形成单环或多环的杂环。
单环或多环的环可以获得上述1C-1W的结构。
优选单环或多环的环可以获得结构(B):
m是1-4,
如果m是1,则R是氢,未间隔的C1-C18烷基,或被一个或多个氧原子间隔的C2-C18烷基,氰基乙基,苯甲酰基,缩水甘油基,具有2-18个碳原子的脂族羧酸的单价基团,具有7-15个碳原子的环脂族羧酸的单价基团,具有3-5个碳原子的α,β-不饱和羧酸的单价基团或具有7-15个碳原子的芳族羧酸的单价基团,其中每种羧酸可以在脂族、环脂族或芳族结构部分中被1-3个-COOZ12基团取代,其中Z12是H、C1-C20烷基、C3-C12链烯基、C5-C7环烷基、苯基或苄基;或R是氨基甲酸或含磷的酸的单价基团,或是单价甲硅烷基基团;
如果m是2,则R是C2-C12,C4-C12,亚二甲苯基,具有2-36个碳原子的脂族二羧酸的二价基团,具有8-14个碳原子的环脂族或芳族二羧酸的二价基团,或具有8-14个碳原子的脂族、环脂族或芳族二氨基甲酸的二价基团,其中每种二羧酸可以在脂族、环脂族或芳族结构部分中被1或2个-COOZ12基团取代;或R是含磷的酸的二价基团,或二价甲硅烷基基团;
如果m是3,则R是脂族、环脂族或芳族三羧酸的三价基团,其可以在脂族、环脂族或芳族结构部分中被-COOZ12取代,芳族三氨基甲酸或含磷的酸的三价基团,或是三价甲硅烷基基团,
如果m是4,则R是脂族、环脂族或芳族四羧酸的四价基团;
G1、G2、G3和G4彼此独立地是C1-C4烷基,或G1和G2一起和G3和G4一起,或G1和G2一起或G3和G4一起是五亚甲基;
G5和G6彼此独立地是氢或C1-C4烷基;
单环或多环的环可以获得结构(C):
其中X和G1至G6如上所定义;
p是1、2或3,
R111是C1-C12烷基,C5-C7环烷基,C7-C8芳烷基,C2-C18烷酰基,C3-C5烯酰基或苯甲酰基;
如果p是1,则R112是C1-C18烷基,C5-C7环烷基,未取代的或被氰基、羰基或脲基团取代的C2-C8链烯基,或是缩水甘油基,式-CH2CH(OH)-Z的基团或是式-CO-Z-或-CONH-Z的基团,其中Z是氢、甲基或苯基;或当p是1时,R101和R102一起可以是脂族或芳族1,2-或1,3-二羧酸的环酰基;
如果p是2,则R112是C2-C12,C6-C12亚芳基,亚二甲苯基,-CH2CH(OH)CH2-O-B-O-CH2CH(OH)CH2-基团,其中B是C2-C10、C6-C15亚芳基或C6-C12环;或当R101不是烷酰基、烯酰基或苯甲酰基时,R102也可以是脂族、环脂族或芳族二羧酸或二氨基甲酸的二价酰基,或可以是基团-CO-;
R112是基团:
其中T7和T8独立地是氢、C1-C18烷基,或T7和T8一起是C4-C6亚烷基或3-氧杂五亚甲基;
如果p是3,则R112是2,4,6-三嗪基。
制备本发明式I化合物
其中R104=H的式I化合物方便地通过羟基胺(II)根据下式加成到碳二酰亚胺(III)上来制备:
加成可以方便地通过将(II)和(III)在合适溶剂中的溶液搅拌来进行,溶剂是例如乙酸乙酯、甲苯、二氯甲烷、乙腈、四氢呋喃、己烷等。反应温度可以是室温(rt)或更低,也就是说-78℃至室温或更高,或rt至150℃。
催化剂的混合物,例如布朗斯台德酸例如HCl、p-TsOH、HBF4或H2SO4,或路易斯酸例如BF3或Cu(O3SCF3),或碱例如碱金属的氢氧化物、氨基化物或氢化物,可以帮助改进(II)向(III)加成反应的速度和产率。
因此,本发明还涉及一种制备式I化合物的方法:
包括以下步骤:
a)在溶剂中加入化合物II和化合物III其中R100、R101、R102和R103如权利要求1中所定义,和
b)任选地通过加入R104-X进行烷基化或酰基化,其中R104-X是含有C1-C19烷基-、C5-C12环烷基-、C7-C10芳烷基-卤化物、-磺酸盐、-三氟甲磺酸盐或-三烷基氧盐的烷基化试剂;或R104-X是含有酰基卤化物或酰基酸酐的酰基化试剂。
本发明还涉及通过以下步骤获得的聚合引发剂:
a)在溶剂中加入化合物II和化合物III其中R100、R101、R102和R103如上所定义,和
b)任选地通过加入R104-X进行烷基化或酰基化,其中R104-X是含有C1-C19烷基-、C5-C12环烷基-、C7-C10芳烷基-卤化物、-磺酸盐、-三氟甲磺酸盐或-三烷基氧盐的烷基化试剂;或R104-X是含有酰基卤化物或酰基酸酐的酰基化试剂。
羟基胺(II)和它们的制备方法是公知的。例如Houben-Weyl E 16a的第296-310页描述了各种羟基胺的合成。方便的羟基胺(II)合成方法包括还原相应的氮氧化物基团。氮氧化物基团是公知的化合物,它们的制备方法和还原成相应羟基胺的反应例如参见:L.B.Volodarsky,V.A.Reznikov,V.I.Ovcharenko,“稳定氮氧化物的合成化学(Synthetic Chemistry of S表硝基xides)”CRC Press,1994。
许多碳二酰亚胺(III)是可商购的,例如:
N,N′-二环己基碳二酰亚胺
1,3-二异丙基碳二酰亚胺
二-(o-甲苯基)-碳二酰亚胺
二-(p-甲苯基)-碳二酰亚胺
二-(2,6-二异丙基苯基)-碳二酰亚胺
二-(三甲基甲硅烷基)-碳二酰亚胺
1-仲丁基-3-乙基碳二酰亚胺
N-环己基-N′-[4-(二甲基氨基)-α-萘基]-碳二酰亚胺
1-环己基-3-(2-吗啉基乙基)-碳二酰亚胺
1,3-二叔丁基碳二酰亚胺
1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-碳二酰亚胺
1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-碳二酰亚胺甲基碘
聚-(1,3,5-三异丙基苯)-聚碳二酰亚胺
制备带有另外取代基的碳二酰亚胺的方法是公知的,例如参见:HenriUlrich,“碳二酰亚胺的化学和技术”,Wiley 2007。
其中R104不是氢的式I化合物方便地通过其中R104是氢的式I化合物进行烷基化或酰基化反应来制备:
合适的烷基化试剂R104-X是公知的,包括例如烷基-、环烷基-或芳烷基-卤化物、磺酸盐、三氟甲酸盐或三烷基氧盐。
合适的酰基化试剂R104-X是公知的,包括例如酰基卤化物或酰基酸酐。
式I化合物(R104=H)的烷基化或酰基化是任选地在碱存在下进行,从而中和所释放的酸H-X。合适的碱的例子是碱金属氢氧化物,或碱金属碳酸盐,或胺,例如三乙胺或吡啶。
式I化合物(R104不是H)的另一种合成可能性包括使碳二酰亚胺(III)与烷基化或酰基化试剂反应以得到碳二酰亚胺盐(IV),然后进行与羟基胺(II)的反应,得到所需的式I化合物。
碳二酰亚胺盐(IV)的合成是公知的。例如,R.Scheffold,E.Saladin;Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.229,11,(1972)描述了甲基碘与二环己基碳二酰亚胺反应,得到相应的碳二酰亚胺盐。来自碳二酰亚胺和酰氯的相似盐也描述在K.Hartke,Angewandte Chemie,214(1962)中。
式I化合物是作为聚合助剂或聚合引发剂存在于可聚合的组合物中,所述组合物含有至少一种烯属不饱和的、可聚合的单体或低聚物。优选制备涂料。
所以,本发明还提供一种组合物,其含有:
A)至少一种烯属不饱和的、可聚合的单体或低聚物;和
B)至少一种式I化合物。
在所述组合物中,组分B)与组分A)之间的比率是0.01-30摩尔%,优选0.05-10摩尔%,特别优选0.1-1.0摩尔%。
烯属不饱和化合物的定义:
一般可自由基聚合的化合物是选自公知的具有至少一个烯属不饱和双键的可自由基聚合的化合物。包括单体、预聚物、低聚物、它们的混合物或它们的共聚物。
这些单体的非限制性例子包括:选自以下的烯属不饱和可聚合的单体:链烯,共轭二烯,苯乙烯,丙烯醛,乙酸乙烯酯,乙烯基吡咯烷酮,乙烯基咪唑,马来酸酐,丙烯酸,丙烯酸衍生物,乙烯基卤化物和亚乙烯基卤化物。
链烯和共轭二烯的例子是乙烯、丙烯、1,3-丁二烯和α-C5-C18链烯。
合适的苯乙烯可以在苯基上被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:羟基,C1-C4烷氧基,例如甲氧基或乙氧基,卤素,例如氯,氨基,和C1-C4烷基,例如甲基或乙基。
不饱和羧酸,例如(甲基)丙烯酸,巴豆酸,衣康酸(亚甲基琥珀酸),马来酸,或富马酸,以及它们的盐、酯和酰胺。也提到不饱和脂肪酸,例如亚麻酸和油酸。优选的是丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸。
但是,也可以使用饱和的二羧酸或多羧酸与不饱和羧酸的混合物。合适的饱和二羧酸或多羧酸的例子包括例如:丙二酸,琥珀酸,戊二酸,己二酸,癸二酸,1,4-环己烷二羧酸,四氯邻苯二甲酸,四溴邻苯二甲酸,邻苯二甲酸酐,四氢邻苯二甲酸,间苯二甲酸,对苯二甲酸,偏苯三酸,庚烷二甲酸、十二烷二甲酸,六氢邻苯二甲酸等。
上述不饱和酸的酯是例如烷基酯,例如甲基酯、乙基酯、2-氯乙基酯,N-二甲基氨基乙基酯,正丁基酯,异丁基酯,戊基酯,己基酯,环己基酯,2-乙基己基酯,辛基酯,异冰片基[2-异冰片基]酯;或苯基酯,苄基酯或o-、m-和p-羟基苯基酯;或羟基烷基酯,例如2-羟基乙基酯,2-羟基丙基酯,4-羟基丁基酯,3,4-二羟基丁基酯或甘油[1,2,3-丙三醇]酯,或环氧基烷基酯,例如缩水甘油基酯,2,3-环氧基丁基酯,3,4-环氧基丁基酯,2,3-环氧基环己基酯,10,11-环氧基十一烷基酯,或氨基烷基酯或巯基烷基酯,或下文所述的酯。
上述不饱和酸的酰胺是例如(甲基)丙烯酰胺,N-取代的(甲基)丙烯酰胺,例如N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺,N-羟甲基甲基丙烯酰胺,N-乙基丙烯酰胺,N-乙基甲基丙烯酰胺,N-己基丙烯酰胺,N-己基甲基丙烯酰胺,N-环己基丙烯酰胺,N-环己基甲基丙烯酰胺-,N-羟基乙基丙烯酰胺,N-苯基丙烯酰胺,N-苯基甲基丙烯酰胺,N-苄基丙烯酰胺,N-苄基甲基丙烯酰胺,N-硝基苯基丙烯酰胺,N-硝基苯基甲基丙烯酰胺,N-乙基-N-苯基丙烯酰胺,N-乙基-N-苯基甲基丙烯酰胺,N-(4-羟基苯基)丙烯酰胺,和N-(4-羟基苯基)甲基丙烯酰胺,IBMAA(N-异丁氧基甲基丙烯酰胺,或与脂族多价胺的酰胺。
(甲基)丙烯腈。
不饱和酸酐,例如衣康酸酐,马来酸酐,2,3-二甲基马来酸酐和2-氯马来酸酐。
苯乙烯类,例如甲基苯乙烯,氯甲基苯乙烯,以及o-、m-和p-羟基苯乙烯。
乙烯基醚,例如异丁基乙烯基醚,乙基乙烯基醚,2-氯乙基乙烯基醚,羟基乙基乙烯基醚,丙基乙烯基醚,丁基乙烯基醚,异丁基乙烯基醚,辛基乙烯基醚和苯基乙烯基醚。
乙烯基酯,例如乙酸乙烯酯,氯代乙酸乙烯基酯,丁酸乙烯基酯和苯甲酸乙烯基酯。
氯乙烯和偏二氯乙烯。
N-乙烯基杂环化合物,N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮或被合适取代的乙烯基吡咯烷酮,N-乙烯基咔唑,4-乙烯基吡啶,
酯的其它例子是:
二丙烯酸酯,例如1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯(HDDA),乙二醇二丙烯酸酯,丙二醇二丙烯酸酯,三丙甘醇二丙烯酸酯,新戊二醇二丙烯酸酯,六亚甲基二醇二丙烯酸酯和双酚A二丙烯酸酯,二乙烯基琥珀酸酯,二烯丙基邻苯二甲酸酯,三烯丙基磷酸酯,三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯和三(2-丙烯酰基乙基)异氰脲酸酯.三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯,三羟甲基乙烷三丙烯酸酯,三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯,三羟甲基乙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯,四亚甲基二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯,三甘醇二甲基丙烯酸酯,四甘醇二丙烯酸酯,季戊四醇二丙烯酸酯,季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯,季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯,二季戊四醇二丙烯酸酯,二季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯,二季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯,二季戊四醇五丙烯酸酯,二季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯,三季戊四醇八丙烯酸酯,季戊四醇二甲基丙烯酸酯,季戊四醇三甲基丙烯酸酯,二季戊四醇二甲基丙烯酸酯,二季戊四醇四甲基丙烯酸酯,三季戊四醇八甲基丙烯酸酯,季戊四醇二衣康酸酯,二季戊四醇三衣康酸酯,二季戊四醇五衣康酸酯,二季戊四醇六衣康酸酯,乙二醇二丙烯酸酯,1,3-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯,1,3-丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯,1,4-丁二醇二衣康酸酯,山梨醇三丙烯酸酯,山梨醇四丙烯酸酯,季戊四醇-改性的三丙烯酸酯,山梨醇四甲基丙烯酸酯,山梨醇五丙烯酸酯,山梨醇六丙烯酸酯,低聚酯丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯,甘油二-和三-丙烯酸酯,1,4-环己烷二丙烯酸酯,分子量为200-1500的聚乙二醇的二丙烯酸酯和二甲基丙烯酸酯,以及它们的混合物。以下酯也是合适的:双丙甘醇二丙烯酸酯,三丙甘醇二丙烯酸酯,甘油乙氧基化物三丙烯酸酯,甘油丙氧基化物三丙烯酸酯,三羟甲基丙烷乙氧基化物三丙烯酸酯,三羟甲基丙烷丙氧基化物三丙烯酸酯,季戊四醇乙氧基化物四丙烯酸酯,季戊四醇丙氧基化物三丙烯酸酯,季戊四醇丙氧基化物四丙烯酸酯,新戊二醇乙氧基化物二丙烯酸酯,新戊二醇丙氧基化物二丙烯酸酯。
较高分子量(低聚的)多不饱和化合物(也称为预聚物)的非限制性例子是上述烯属不饱和单官能或多官能羧酸与多元醇或多环氧化物形成的酯,以及在链或侧基中具有烯属不饱和基团的聚合物,例如不饱和聚酯、聚酰胺和聚氨酯以及它们的共聚物,醇酸树脂;聚丁二烯和丁二烯共聚物,聚异戊二烯和异戊烯共聚物,在侧链中具有(甲基)丙烯酰基团的聚合物和共聚物,例如甲基丙烯酸酯化聚氨酯,以及一种或多种这些聚合物的混合物。
合适的多元醇是芳族的和尤其脂族和脂环族的多元醇。芳族多元醇的例子是苄基醇、氢醌、4,4′-二羟基联苯、2,2-二(4-羟基苯基)丙烷,以及线型酚醛树脂和甲阶酚醛树脂。聚环氧化物的例子是基于所述多元醇的那些,尤其是芳族多元醇和表氯醇。也合适作为多元醇的是在聚合物链或侧基中含有羟基的聚合物和共聚物,例如聚乙烯醇及其共聚物,或聚甲基丙烯酸羟基烷基酯或其共聚物。其它合适的多元醇是具有羟基端基的低聚酯。
脂族和脂环族的多元醇的例子包括优选具有2-12个碳原子的亚烷基二醇,例如乙二醇、1,2-或1,3-丙二醇,1,2-、1,3-或1,4-丁二醇,戊二醇,己二醇,辛二醇,十二烷二醇,二甘醇,三甘醇,分子量为200-1500的聚乙二醇,1,3-环戊二醇,1,2-、1,3-或1,4-环己烷二醇,1,4-二羟基甲基环己烷,甘油,三(β-羟基乙基)胺,三羟甲基乙烷,三羟甲基丙烷,季戊四醇,二季戊四醇和山梨醇。
多元醇可以部分或全部地被一个或被不同的不饱和羧酸酯化,在偏酯中的三个羟基可以被改性,例如醚化,或被其它羧酸酯化。
与单体组合使用的第二低聚物是已经通过与伯胺或仲胺反应改性的丙烯酸酯,例如参见US 3 844 916(Gaske)、EP 280 222(Weiss等)、US 5 482 649(Meixner等)或US 5734002(Reich等)。这些胺改性的丙烯酸酯也称为氨基丙烯酸酯。氨基丙烯酸酯例如按以下商品名获得:EBECRYL 80,EBECRYL 81,EBECRYL 83,EBECRYL P115,EBECRYL 7100,来自UCB Chemicals;Laromer PO 83F,Laromer PO84F,Laromer PO 94F,来自BASF;PHOTOMER 4775F,PHOTOMER4967F,来自Cognis;或CN501,CN503,CN550,来自Cray Valley。
不饱和聚合物可以单独使用或作为任何所需的混合物使用。
制备涂料
配料的组分和任选的其它添加剂通过公知的涂覆技术均匀地施用到基材上,例如通过旋涂、浸入、刮刀涂覆、幕倾倒、刷涂或喷涂,尤其通过静电喷涂和反辊涂,以及通过等电沉积。所施用的质量(涂层厚度)和基材性质(层载体)是取决于所需的应用领域。涂层厚度的范围通常包含在0.1至超过300微米范围内的值。
基材
合适的是所有种类的基材,例如木材、织物、纸、陶瓷、玻璃、玻璃纤维、塑料例如聚酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚烯烃或乙酸纤维素,尤其是膜的形式,以及用于金属,例如Al,Cu,Ni,Fe,Zn,Mg或Co和GaAs,Si或SiO2,向其中施用保护层,或通过成像式曝光来成像。
应用:
液体涂料或粉末涂料或凝胶涂料。这些涂料可以是着色的。也可以用于印刷油墨中。
上述组合物可以还含有常规添加剂,其可以作为另一个选择也在聚合之后加入。这些添加剂可以少量加入,例如UV吸收剂或光稳定剂,例如选自以下的化合物:羟基苯基苯并三唑,羟基苯基二苯酮,草酰胺和羟基苯基-s-三嗪。特别合适的光稳定剂是选自位阻胺(HALS),例如2-(2-羟基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪或2-羟基苯基-2H-苯并三唑类型。2-(2-羟基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪类型的光稳定剂的例子是从以下专利文献公知的:US-A-4,619,956,EP-A-434608,US-A-5,198,498,US-A-5,322,868,US-A-5,369,140,US-A-5,298,067,WO-94/18278,EP-A-704437,GB-A-2,297,091或WO-96/28431。
这些组合物可以还含有其它常规添加剂,例如填料,例如碳酸钙、硅酸盐、玻璃或玻璃纤维材料、滑石、高岭土、云母、硫酸钡、金属氧化物和氢氧化物,碳黑,石墨,粉状木材和来自其它天然产物的粉状或纤维状材料,合成纤维,增塑剂,润滑剂,乳化剂,颜料,流化剂,催化剂,荧光增白剂,阻燃剂,抗静电剂或发泡剂。
本发明还提供一种制备上述低聚物、共聚低聚物、聚合物或共聚物的方法,其中使用上述新的式I化合物进行自由基聚合。
自由基聚合包括热聚合和/或UV聚合。热聚合是热固化、IR固化或NIR固化。
热固化:
热固化表示在将混合物施用到基材上之后采用对流热或IR辐射或NIR辐射。在粉末涂料的情况下,所附着的粉末涂料先优选通过对流热熔融形成表面层。
NIR固化
用于本发明方法中的NIR辐射是短波红外辐射,波长范围为约750-1500nm,优选750-1200nm。用于NIR辐射的辐射源包括例如常规的NIR辐射发射器,其可商购(例如来自Adphos)。
IR固化
在本发明方法中使用的IR辐射是中波辐射,波长范围为约1500-3000nm,和/或长波红外辐射,波长范围是超过3000nm。
这种IR辐射发射器是可商购的(例如来自Heraeus)。
本发明还提供一种普遍适用的聚烯烃的受控降解方法,也就是说使用上述新的式I化合物降低聚丙烯、丙烯共聚物或聚丙烯共混物的分子量。
在降低分子量的方法(降解过程)中,上述式I化合物的浓度是基于要降解的聚合物的量计的约0.001-5.0重量%,尤其是0.01-2.0重量%,特别优选0.02-1.0重量%。式I化合物可以作为单独化合物或作为与要降解的聚合物的混合物加入。
要降解的聚丙烯型聚合物可以包括丙烯均聚物、丙烯共聚物和聚丙烯共混物。丙烯共聚物可以含有各种比例的共聚单体,最高90%,优选最高50%。共聚单体的例子是:烯烃,例如1-烯烃,例如乙烯、1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-庚烯或1-辛烯,异丁烯;环烯烃,例如环戊烯、环己烯、降冰片烯或亚乙基降冰片烯;二烯,例如丁二烯、异戊二烯、1,4-己二烯、环戊二烯、二环戊二烯或降冰片二烯;以及丙烯酸衍生物,和不饱和羧酸酐,例如马来酸酐。
可以使用的聚丙烯共混物是聚丙烯与聚烯烃的混合物。例子是聚丙烯与选自以下的聚乙烯的共混物:高密度聚乙烯(HDPE),高分子量高密度聚乙烯(HMW HDPE),超高分子量高密度聚乙烯(UHMW HDPE),中密度聚乙烯(MDPE),低密度聚乙烯(LDPE),线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE),支化的低密度聚乙烯(BLDPE)和含有小比例二烯的乙烯-丙烯-二烯三元共聚物(EPDM)。
引入聚合物中的操作可以例如通过使用工艺技术中常用的方法将上述化合物I或其混合物与任选的其它添加剂混合入聚合物中进行。
或者,引入操作也可以在不会引起聚合物分解的温度下进行(潜在化合物)。以此方式制备的聚合物可以随后第二次加热,并在高温下经受足够的时间以出现所需的聚合物降解。
制备实施例:以下表1总结了所制备的化合物:
实施例1:制备乙酸1-(N,N’-二环己基-甲脒基(carbamimidoyl)氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶-4-基酯(化合物1)
制备4-乙酰氧基-1-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶:
4-乙酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-N-氧基(214.3g,1mol)溶解在甲醇(500ml)中。在10分钟内加入含水的羟基胺(92.5g的50%水溶液,1.4mol),然后将溶液在氩气下回流1小时。蒸发无色溶液,并将固体残余物于65℃/0.1毫巴下干燥直到恒定重量,得到214.95g的标题化合物,是无色固体。
向4-乙酰氧基-1-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶(214.95g,0.998mol)在四氢呋喃(1000ml)中的溶液加入二环己基碳二酰亚胺(212.5g,1.03mol),并将溶液在氩气下于65℃加热21小时。蒸发反应混合物,固体从乙腈重结晶,得到295.7g的化合物(1),是无色粉末,熔点为63-73℃。
对于C24H43N3O3(421.63)计算值/检测值(%):C 68.37/68.26,H10.28/10.29,N 9.97/10.04.
1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz):5.4-5.3(d,1H,NH),5.13-5.02(m,1H,CH-OAc),3.6-3.4(m,2H,2x>N-CH<(CH2)5),2.03(s,3H,OCOCH3),2.1-1.0(m,36H,残余脂族H)
实施例2:制备乙酸1-(N,N′-二环己基-甲脒基氧基)-2,6-二乙基-2,3,6-三甲基-哌啶-4-基酯(化合物2).
4-乙酰氧基-2,6-二乙基-2,3,6-三甲基哌啶-N-氧基(4.04g,15.76mmol,如Fischer,Hanns;Kramer,Andreas;Marque,Sylvain R.A.;Nesvadba,Peter.:Macromolecules(2005),38(24),9974-9984所述制备)溶解在THF(20ml)中,并在0.38g Pt(5%在碳上)催化剂存在下使用4巴氢气压力氢化。在约1小时后停止氢气吸收。向过滤的反应溶液加入氢化钠催化剂(35mg,55%分散在矿物油中)和二环己基碳二酰亚胺(3.3g,16mmol)。然后将混合物于60℃在氩气下搅拌17小时,然后蒸发,并在硅胶上用CH2Cl2-EtOAc-MeOH(2∶2∶1)色谱层析,得到0.95g的标题化合物,是无色的油。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz):5.4-4.9(m,2H,NH和>CH-OAc),3.6-3.4(m,2H,2x>N-CH<(CH2)5),2.05(s,3H,OCOCH3),2.1-0.7(m,42H,残余脂族H)
实施例3:制备乙酸1-(N-乙酰基-N,N′-二环己基-甲脒基氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶-4-基酯(化合物3).
向化合物1(4.21g,10mmol)[根据实施例1制备]在甲苯(25ml)中的溶液加入三乙胺(1.55ml,11mmol)和乙酰氯(0.78ml,11mmol)。并将此混合物于室温搅拌7小时,然后用水洗涤(2x10ml),用MgSO4干燥和蒸发。残余物在硅胶上用己烷-乙酸乙酯(4∶1)进行色谱层析,纯级分从戊烷重结晶,得到1.05g的标题化合物,是白色固体,熔点为125-130℃。
对于C26H45N3O4(463.47)计算值/检测值(%):C 67.35/67.33,H9.78/9.74,N 9.06/9.00.
1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz):5.1-5.0(m,1H,>CH-OAc),3.6-2.9(m,2H,2x>N-CH<(CH2)5),2.04(s,3H,COCH3),2.02(s,3H,COCH3),2.4-1.1(m,36H).
实施例4:制备乙酸1-(N,N′-二环己基-N-十八烷酰基-甲脒基氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶-4-基酯(化合物4).
向化合物1(4.21g,10mmol)[根据实施例1制备]在甲苯(25ml)中的溶液加入三乙胺(1.46ml,10.5mmol)和硬脂酰氯(3.2g,10.5mmol)。将混合物于室温搅拌30分钟,然后加入额外的三乙胺(1.46ml,10.5mmol)和硬脂酰氯(3.2g,10.5mmol)。将悬浮液于室温搅拌18小时,然后蒸发并在硅胶上用己烷-乙酸乙酯(9∶1)色谱层析,得到4.03g的标题化合物,是无色的油。
对于C42H77N3O4(688.10)计算值/检测值(%):C 73.31/73.11,H11.28/11.00,N 6.11/6.01.
1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz):5.09-5.02(m,1H,>CH-OAc),3.3-3.2(m,2H,2x>N-CH<(CH2)5),2.03(s,3H,0COCH3),2.4-0.8(m,68H,残余脂族H),0.90-0.86(t,3H,CO(CH2)16-CH 3)
实施例5:制备乙酸1-(N-苯甲酰基-N,N′-二环己基-甲脒基氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶-4-基酯(化合物5).
向化合物1(4.21g,10mmol)[根据实施例1制备]在甲苯(25ml)中的溶液中加入三乙胺(1.55ml,11mmol)和苯甲酰氯(1.55g,11mmol)。将混合物于室温搅拌24小时,然后用水洗涤(2x10ml),用MgSO4干燥和蒸发。残余物在硅胶上用己烷-乙酸乙酯(4∶1)色谱层析,纯级分从乙腈重结晶,得到0.98g的标题化合物,是白色固体,熔点为147-152℃。
质谱:对于C31H47N3O4(525.74)计算值M=525.74,检测值M=525.3
1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz):7.5-7.2(m,5H,C6H5),5.04-4.97(m,1H,>CH-OAc),3.5-3.3(m,2H,2x>N-CH<(CH2)5),2.04(s,3H,0COCH3),2.1-0.9(m,36H,残余脂族H).
实施例6:制备苯甲酸1-(N,N′-二环己基-甲脒基氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶-4-基酯(化合物6).
4-苯甲酰基氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-N-氧基(30.0g,109mmol)溶解在THF(100ml)中,并在0.65g Pt(5%在碳上)催化剂的存在下使用4巴氢气压力氢化.。在约1小时后停止氢气吸收。将反应溶液过滤并蒸发,得到31.65g的相应羟基胺,是白色固体。将一份此物质(27.75g,100mmol)和二环己基碳二酰亚胺(21.6g,105mmol)溶解在THF(200ml)中并将混合物于50℃在氩气下搅拌22小时,然后蒸发并在硅胶上用己烷-乙酸乙酯(9∶1)和然后乙酸乙酯-丙酮(1∶1)进行色谱层析。纯级分从乙腈重结晶,得到24.4g的标题化合物,是无色固体,熔点为50-57℃。
对于C29H45N3O3(483.70)计算值/检测值(%):C 72.01/71.63,H9.38/9.44,N 8.69/8.63.
1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz):8.04-8.01(m,2ArH),7.59-7.42(m,3ArH),5.47-5.29(m,2H,NH和>CH-OBz),3.55-3.45(m,2H,2x>N-CH<(CH2)5),2.2-1.05(m,36H,残余脂族H).
实施例7:制备苯甲酸1-(N,N′-二-对-甲苯基-甲脒基氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶-4-基酯(化合物7).
1-羟基-4-苯甲酰基氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶(5.75g,20.7mmol)[如实施例6所述制备]和二-对-甲苯基碳二酰亚胺(4.8g,21.6mmol)溶解在THF(40ml)中,将溶液于室温搅拌17小时。蒸发溶剂,残余物在硅胶上用己烷-乙酸乙酯(9∶1)色谱层析。纯级分从乙腈重结晶,得到6.55g的标题化合物,是无色固体,熔点为124-128℃。
对于C31H37N3O3(499.66)计算值/检测值(%):C 74.52/74.40,H7.46/7.50,N 8.41/8.42.
1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz):8.25-8.21(bs,NH),8.04-6.93(m,13ArH),5.37-5.26(m,1H,>CH-OBz),2.31(s,2x CH3),2.18-1.35(m,2x CH2),1.26(s,2x CH3),1.22(s,2x CH3).
实施例8:制备1,3-二环己基-2-(4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶-1-基)-异脲(化合物8)
4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-N-氧基(17.25g,100mmol)溶解在THF(100ml)中,并在0.35g Pt(5%在碳上)催化剂的存在下使用4巴氢气压力氢化。在约1小时后停止氢气吸收。然后过滤反应混合物,并与二环己基碳二酰亚胺(21.15g,102.5mmol)的溶液混合。然后将溶液在氩气下于60℃加热17小时,浓缩,用乙酸乙酯(40ml)稀释,并结晶。然后过滤出晶体,用冷乙酸乙酯洗涤,并干燥,得到34.03g的标题化合物,是无色固体,熔点为157-161℃。
对于C22H41N3O2(379.59)计算值/检测值(%):C 69.61/69.29,H10.89/10.60,N 11.07/11.17.
1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz):5.44-5.41(bd,NH),4.09-4.00(m,1H,>CH-OH),3.51-3.44(m,2H,2x>N-CH<(CH2)5),2.14-0.99(m,25H,残余脂族H),1.25(s,2x CH3),1.11(s,2x CH3)。化合物8的结构是用从二氯甲烷-乙醇生长的晶体的X射线分析确认的。
实施例9:制备2-(4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶-1-基)-1,3-二异丙基-异脲(化合物9).
4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-N-氧基(17.25g,100mmol)溶解在THF(100ml)中,并在0.35g Pt(5%在碳上)催化剂的存在下使用4巴氢气压力氢化。在约1小时后停止氢气吸收。然后过滤反应混合物,并与二异丙基碳二酰亚胺(18.6ml,120mmol)的溶液混合。然后将溶液在氩气下于55℃加热6小时,浓缩,用乙酸乙酯(40ml)稀释,并结晶。然后过滤出晶体,用冷乙酸乙酯洗涤,并干燥,得到25.8g的标题化合物,是无色固体,熔点为118-123℃。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz):5.36-5.33(bd,NH),4.07-3.76(m,3H,>CH-OH,2x>N-CH(CH3)2),1.96-1.49(m,4H),1.32(s,2x CH3),1.19(s,2x CH3),1.12-1.10(d,12H,2x-CH(CH 3)2).
实施例10:制备乙酸1-[N,N′-二(2,6-二异丙基-苯基)-甲脒基氧基]-2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶-4-基酯(化合物10).
向4-乙酰氧基-1-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶(2.63g,12.2mmol,[如实施例1所述制备]在四氢呋喃(10ml)中的溶液加入二(2,6-二异丙基苯基)碳二酰亚胺(4.52g,12.5mmol),并将溶液在氩气下于52℃加热20小时。将反应混合物蒸发,残余物在硅胶上用己烷-乙酸乙酯(5∶1)色谱层析。纯级分从己烷重结晶,得到1.87g的化合物10,是无色晶体,熔点为144-147℃。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz):7.3-6.8(m,6ArH),5.05-4.96(m,1H,>CH-OAc),3.51-3.42(m,2H,CHMe2),3.24-3.17(m,2H,CHMe2),2.01(s,3H,OCOCH3),2.0-1.50(m,4H,2x CH2),1.43(s,6H,2x CH3),1.25(d,J=6.9Hz,24H,8x CH3),1.07(s,6H,2x CH3).
实施例11:制备1,3-二(2,6-二异丙基-苯基)-2-(4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶-1-基)-异脲(化合物11).
4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-N-氧基(5.16g,30mmol)溶解在THF(40ml)中,并在0.08g Pt(5%在碳上)催化剂的存在下使用4巴氢气压力氢化。在约1小时后停止氢气吸收。然后过滤反应混合物,并与二(2,6-二异丙基苯基)碳二酰亚胺(3.8g,10.5mmol)在THF(30ml)中的溶液混合。然后将溶液在氩气下于55℃加热6小时,浓缩,残余物溶解在二氯甲烷(70ml)中,用水洗涤(2x 20ml),并再次浓缩。残余物从二氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯重结晶,得到3.28g的标题化合物,是无色固体,熔点为174-176℃。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz):7.3-6.8(m,6ArH),4.04-3.95(m,1H,>CH-OH),3.52-3.42(m,2H,CHMe2),3.27-3.18(m,2H,CHMe2),2.0-1.40(m,4H,2x CH2),1.43(s,6H,2x CH3),1.27(d,J=6.9Hz,24H,8x CH3),1.03(s,6H,2x CH3).
实施例12:制备2-(4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶-1-基)-1,3-二-对-甲苯基-异脲(化合物12).
4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-N-氧基(1.9g,11mmol)溶解在THF(40ml)中,并在0.035g Pt(5%在碳上)催化剂的存在下使用4巴氢气压力氢化。在约1小时后停止氢气吸收.然后过滤反应混合物,并与二-对-甲苯基-碳二酰亚胺(2.45g,11mmol)在THF(30ml)中的溶液混合。将此溶液在氩气下于室温搅拌16小时,并浓缩。残余物在硅胶上用己烷-乙酸乙酯(1∶1)色谱层析,纯级分从乙酸乙酯重结晶,得到1.6g的标题化合物,是无色固体,熔点为124-126℃。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz):8.2-6.9(m,8ArH),4.15-3.9(m,1H,>CH-OH),2.3(s,6H,2x CH3),2.0-1.40(m,4H,2x CH2),1.21(s,6H,2xCH3),1.12(s,6H,2x CH3).
实施例13:制备1,3-二环己基-2-二乙基氨基-异脲(化合物13).
向二环己基碳二酰亚胺(10.3g,50mmol)和N,N-二乙基羟基胺(6.7g,75mmol)在THF(30ml)中的溶液加入NaOH(0.2g)细粉,并将混合物于室温搅拌50小时。然后过滤反应混合物。滤液用旋转蒸发器在低于45℃的温度下蒸发,得到13.24g的标题化合物,是浅黄色的油。
ESI-MS:对于C17H33N3O(295.47)检测值MH+=296.
1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz):3.6-3.4(m,2H,2x>N-CH<(CH2)5),2.82(q,J=6.9Hz,4H,2xCH2),2.1-1.0(m,20H,残余脂族H),1.1(t,J=6.9Hz,6H,2xCH3).
实施例14:制备1,3-二-(2,6-二异丙基-苯基)-2-二乙基氨基-异脲(化合物14).
向二(2,6-二异丙基苯基)碳二酰亚胺(4.35g,12mmol)和N,N-二乙基羟基胺(1.6g,18mmol)在THF(20ml)中的溶液加入NaOH(48mg)细粉,并将混合物于室温搅拌22小时。然后过滤反应混合物。滤液用旋转蒸发器在低于45℃的温度下蒸发,残余物从乙腈重结晶两次,得到1.75g的标题化合物,是白色固体,熔点为113-116℃。
APCI-MS:对于C29H45N3O(451.70)检测值MH+=452.44.
1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz):7.3-6.8(m,6ArH),3.6-3.4(m,2H,CHMe2),3.2-3.05(m,2H,CHMe2),3.0-2.8(m,4H,2x CH2),1.5-0.9(30H,10x CH3).
实施例15:制备癸烷二甲酸二[1-(N,N′-二环己基-甲脒基氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶-4-基]酯(化合物15).
向1,3-二环己基-2-(4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶-1-基)-异脲[化合物8,根据实施例8制备](8.35g,22mmol)和4-二甲基氨基吡啶(160mg)在吡啶(20ml)中的溶液加入癸酰氯(2.5g,10.5mmol)。将混合物于室温搅拌22小时,然后用冰-水(250ml)稀释。过滤出沉淀物,用水洗涤,并干燥得到9.75g的标题化合物,是灰白色固体。
APCI-MS:对于C54H96N6O6(925.4)检测值MH+=925.3.
1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz):5.1-4.9(m,2H,>CH-OCO-),3.6-3.4(m,4H,4x>N-CH<(CH2)5),2.27(t,J=6Hz,4H,2xCH2),2.0-1.0(m,84H,残余脂族H).
使用从表1选择的化合物进行聚合实施例
1.纯单体的本体聚合:材料和方法
·在使用前不久,将所有单体在氩气下或在减压下经由Vigreux柱蒸馏。
·通过用冰冻/加热技术用氩气吹扫而从所有反应混合物脱除氧气,随后在聚合之前保持在氩气下。
·在开始聚合反应之前,反应物是透明均匀溶液的形式。
·单体转化率是通过1H-NMR将聚合物和未反应单体的信号积分测定的。
·聚合物通过GPC(凝胶渗透色谱)表征。
·GPC:使用来自FLUX INSTRUMENTS的双活塞生产模型泵RHEOS 4000(由Ercatech AG,Bern,Switzerland代表)。泵输出是1ml/min。色谱分析是在两个Plgel 5μm混合-C柱上进行的,来自POLYMER INSTRUMENTS,Shropshire UK,于40℃在THF中顺序连接。这些柱是使用Mn为200-2000000的聚苯乙烯校准的。级分是使用来自ERCATECH AG的RI检测器ERC-7515A于30℃检测的。
实施例100:使用化合物1(表1)于120℃聚合丙烯酸正丁基酯
421mg(1mmol)的化合物1(表1)和12.82g(100mmol)的丙烯酸正丁基酯放入配备有温度计、冷凝器和磁力搅拌器的50ml三颈圆底烧瓶中,并将混合物脱气。将透明溶液于120℃在氩气下加热5小时,然后冷却到室温,得到无色的粘性聚合物。单体转化率=91%,GPC:Mn=3243,Mw=135806。
实施例101:使用化合物1(表1)于100℃聚合丙烯酸叔丁基酯
421mg(1mmol)的化合物1(表1)和12.82g(100mmol)的丙烯酸叔丁基酯放入配备有温度计、冷凝器和磁力搅拌器的50ml三颈圆底烧瓶中,并将混合物脱气。将透明溶液于100℃在氩气下加热5小时,然后冷却到室温,得到无色的玻璃态聚合物。单体转化率=84%,GPC:Mn=16909,Mw=172366。
实施例102:使用化合物3(表1)于80℃聚合丙烯酸正丁基酯
150mg(0.324mmol)的化合物3(表1)和4.15g(32.3mmol)的丙烯酸正丁基酯放入配备有温度计、冷凝器和磁力搅拌器的10ml三颈圆底烧瓶中,并将混合物脱气。将透明溶液于80℃在氩气下加热5小时,然后冷却到室温,得到无色的玻璃态聚合物。单体转化率=80%,GPC:Mn=330607,Mw=634265。
实施例103:
使用化合物13(表1)于120℃聚合丙烯酸正丁基酯
148mg(0.5mmol)的化合物13(表1)和6.43g(50mmol)的丙烯酸正丁基酯放入配备有温度计、冷凝器和磁力搅拌器的10ml三颈圆底烧瓶中,并将混合物脱气。将透明溶液于120℃在氩气下加热5小时,然后冷却到室温,得到无色的玻璃态聚合物。单体转化率=76%,GPC:Mn=6997,Mw=80251。
2.涂料组合物的聚合
·使用以下组合物(w/w%):
聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯(Ebecryl 4858,UCB Chemicals/Cytec)50%
1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯(UCB Chemicals/Cytec) 30%
三丙甘醇二丙烯酸酯(UCB Chemicals/Cytec) 20%
1%的来自表1的化合物溶解在此组合物中,并使所得的混合物进行差示扫描量热(DSC)检测。所检测化合物的活性是通过放热固化反应表示的,由开始、峰值和结束温度以及所释放的热量(放热)表示。
·使用以下DSC参数:
设备:DSC 30(Mettler)
温度梯度:5℃/Min
温度范围:30-300℃
在氮气下检测,流速5ml/Min
样品量:约10mg化合物在铝杯中
·表2中的结果显示空白配料没有出现固化,而本发明化合物实施例观察到明显的放热固化。
Claims (6)
1.具有式I的化合物:
其中
R100和R101各自独立地是C1-C4烷基或一起形成式A的基团:
其中:
R1-R4各自彼此独立地是C1-C4烷基,
R5和R6各自彼此独立地是氢或C1-C4烷基;
Q是二价基团-(CR7R8)-,其中R7和R8各自彼此独立地是氢或C1-C4烷基;
Z1是-(CR12R13)-,其中彼此独立地,基团R12和R13之一是氢或C1-C4烷基,另一个是–OH、C1-C6烷基,或选自以下的单酰基氧基:-O-C(=O)-H,-O-C(=O)-C1-C4烷基和-O-C(=O)-C6-C10芳基;
R102和R103各自彼此独立地是C1-C4烷基、环己基,未取代的或被C1-C4烷基取代的苯基;和
R104是氢,-C(=O)-C1-C17烷基或-C(=O)-C6-C10芳基。
2.一种制备式I化合物的方法:
包括以下步骤:
a)在溶剂中加入化合物II和化合物III
其中R100、R101、R102和R103如权利要求1中所定义,和
b)任选地通过加入R104-X进行烷基化或酰基化,其中R104-X是含有C1-C19烷基-、C5-C12环烷基-、C7-C10芳烷基-卤化物、-磺酸盐、-三氟甲磺酸盐或-三烷基氧盐的烷基化试剂;或R104-X是含有酰基卤化物或酰基酸酐的酰基化试剂。
3.一种组合物,其含有:
A)至少一种烯属不饱和的、可聚合的单体或低聚物;和
B)至少一种根据权利要求1定义的式I化合物。
4.一种制备低聚物、共聚低聚物、聚合物或共聚物的方法,其特征在于使权利要求3的组合物进行自由基聚合的反应条件。
5.一种降低聚丙烯、丙烯共聚物或聚丙烯共混物的分子量的方法,其特征在于将至少一种根据权利要求1定义的式I化合物加入聚丙烯、丙烯共聚物或聚丙烯共混物中,并将此混合物加热。
6.根据权利要求1定义的化合物用于制备涂料的用途。
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