CN113302180A - 氨基甲酰肟化合物以及含有该化合物的聚合引发剂及聚合性组合物 - Google Patents
氨基甲酰肟化合物以及含有该化合物的聚合引发剂及聚合性组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113302180A CN113302180A CN202080009562.6A CN202080009562A CN113302180A CN 113302180 A CN113302180 A CN 113302180A CN 202080009562 A CN202080009562 A CN 202080009562A CN 113302180 A CN113302180 A CN 113302180A
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- 125000000719 pyrrolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007870 radical polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003346 selenoethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
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- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229940075582 sorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015096 spirit Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021286 stilbenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003718 tetrahydrofuranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- UFDHBDMSHIXOKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrophthalic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=C(C(O)=O)CCCC1 UFDHBDMSHIXOKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001412 tetrahydropyranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001017 thiazole dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- YODZTKMDCQEPHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiodiglycol Chemical compound OCCSCCO YODZTKMDCQEPHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950006389 thiodiglycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NJRXVEJTAYWCQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiomalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(S)C(O)=O NJRXVEJTAYWCQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBOMNTLFRHMDEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiosalicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1S NBOMNTLFRHMDEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940103494 thiosalicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001003 triarylmethane dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHGIFBQQEGRTPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(prop-2-enyl) phosphate Chemical compound C=CCOP(=O)(OCC=C)OCC=C XHGIFBQQEGRTPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940036248 turpentine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006097 ultraviolet radiation absorber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006163 vinyl copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UIYCHXAGWOYNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl sulfide Chemical compound C=CSC=C UIYCHXAGWOYNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001018 xanthene dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- NDKWCCLKSWNDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;dioxido(dioxo)chromium Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O NDKWCCLKSWNDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C07C321/28—Sulfides, hydropolysulfides, or polysulfides having thio groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
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- C07D207/30—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D207/32—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D207/325—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
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- C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
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- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
- C07D209/82—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
- C07D209/86—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system
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- C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
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- C07D211/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with radicals containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D211/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with radicals containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms attached to ring carbon atoms with acylated ring nitrogen atom
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- C07D233/56—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D233/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by oxygen or sulfur atoms, attached to ring nitrogen atoms
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- C07D295/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms acylated on ring nitrogen atoms
- C07D295/20—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms acylated on ring nitrogen atoms by radicals derived from carbonic acid, or sulfur or nitrogen analogues thereof
- C07D295/205—Radicals derived from carbonic acid
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- C07D311/04—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring
- C07D311/06—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 2
- C07D311/08—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 2 not hydrogenated in the hetero ring
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- C07D311/04—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring
- C07D311/06—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 2
- C07D311/08—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 2 not hydrogenated in the hetero ring
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Abstract
本发明的课题在于提供具有高的光产碱效率的化合物。本发明为下述通式(I)所表示的氨基甲酰肟化合物。(式中,A表示无取代或具有取代基的碳原子数为6~20的含芳香环基团,R1及R2分别独立地表示无取代或具有取代基的碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基等,X1及X2分别独立地表示‑NR3R4等,R3及R4分别独立地表示无取代或具有取代基的碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基等,n表示0或1,m表示0或1。)
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及氨基甲酰肟化合物。
背景技术
一般而言,感光性树脂组合物等聚合性组合物是在感光性树脂等聚合性化合物中加入光聚合引发剂而得到的组合物,由于能够通过能量射线(光)照射而聚合固化或显影,因此被用于光固化性油墨、感光性印刷版、各种光致抗蚀剂、光固化性粘接剂等。
光聚合引发剂因通过能量射线(光)照射而产生的活性种的不同而分为光自由基产生剂、光产酸剂、光产碱剂。光自由基产生剂具有固化速度快、在固化后不残存活性种等优点,但另一方面,由于引起因氧导致的固化阻碍,因此存在必须设置在薄膜的固化中阻断氧的层等缺点。光产酸剂具有不会受到因氧导致的阻碍的优点,但另一方面,存在因活性种的酸残存而使金属基板腐蚀、或者使固化后的树脂改性等缺点。光产碱剂由于不易产生上述的因氧导致的固化阻碍及因残存活性种导致的腐蚀这样的问题所以受到关注,大体上与光产酸剂相比,存在低感度(低固化性)的问题。光产碱剂例如在专利文献1及2中有记载。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:US9594302
专利文献2:日本特开2013-163670号公报
发明内容
但是,以往的光产碱剂的产碱效率低,感度并不充分。
因此,本发明的课题在于提供具有高的光产碱效率的化合物。
本发明人进行深入研究,发现特定结构的化合物具有高的光产碱效率,作为聚合引发剂是有用的。
即,本发明为下述通式(I)所表示的氨基甲酰肟化合物。
[化学式1]
(式中,A表示无取代或具有取代基的碳原子数为6~20的含芳香环基团,
R1及R2分别独立地表示氢原子、氰基、无取代或具有取代基的碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基或无取代或具有取代基的碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基,
X1及X2分别独立地表示-NR3R4、或下述式(a)或下述式(b)所表示的基团,
R3及R4分别独立地表示氢原子、无取代或具有取代基的碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基或无取代或具有取代基的碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基,
R3及R4也可以彼此连接而形成由氢原子、氮原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为2~10的环或由氢原子、氧原子、氮原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为2~10的环,
在R3及R4存在多个的情况下,它们可以相同也可以不同,
n表示0或1,m表示0或1。)
[化学式2]
(式中,R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17、R18、R19及R20分别独立地表示氢原子、无取代或具有取代基的碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基或无取代或具有取代基的碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基,
R11与R12、R13与R14、R15与R16、R17与R18及R19与R20也可以彼此连接而形成由氢原子、氮原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为2~10的环或由氢原子、氧原子、氮原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为2~10的环,
在R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17、R18、R19及R20存在多个的情况下,它们可以相同也可以不同,
*表示键合部位。)
具体实施方式
以下,对本发明进行详细说明。
本发明的氨基甲酰肟化合物为上述通式(I)所表示的化合物。上述通式(I)所表示的氨基甲酰肟化合物中,存在基于肟的双键的几何异构体,但不将它们进行区别。
即,在本说明书中,上述通式(I)所表示的氨基甲酰肟化合物以及后述的作为该化合物的优选的形态的化合物及例示化合物表示异构体的混合物或任一者,并不限定于所示出的结构的异构体。
以下,将上述通式(I)所表示的氨基甲酰肟化合物也简称为“通式(I)所表示的化合物”或“本发明的化合物”。
上述通式(I)中的A只要是含有芳香环的碳原子数为6~20的基团即可。
作为上述通式(I)中的A所表示的无取代的碳原子数为6~20的含芳香环基团,可列举出从二苯基硫醚、咔唑、芴、吲哚、香豆素及联苯中除去2个氢原子而得到的2价的基团。
作为碳原子数为6~20的含芳香环基团具有取代基时的取代基,可列举出卤素原子、氰基、硝基、-OR5、-COOR5、-CO-R5、-SR5、碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基、碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团。
其中,R5表示碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基或碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基。
具有取代基的碳原子数为6~20的含芳香环基团是指上述无取代的碳原子数为6~20的含芳香环基团的一个或两个以上的氢原子被上述取代基取代而得到的基团。
另外,上述取代基也可以是-OR5、-COOR5、-CO-R5、-SR5、碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基、碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基及碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团中的氢原子被卤素原子、硝基、氰基、羟基、氨基、羧基、甲基丙烯酰基、丙烯酰基、环氧基、乙烯基、乙烯基醚基、巯基、异氰酸酯基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团取代而得到的基团。
进而,上述取代基也可以是碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基中的亚甲基被-O-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CO-、-CS-、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、-NR-、-NR-CO-、-CO-NR-、-NR-COO-、-OCO-NR-或-SiRR’-取代而得到的基团。
其中,R及R’表示氢原子或碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基。在上述取代基为包含R或R’的基团的情况下,取代基整体中所含的碳原子数也为1~20。
作为上述卤素原子,可列举出氟原子、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子。
作为上述碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基,例如可列举出甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、异戊基、叔戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、异辛基、2-乙基己基、叔辛基、壬基、异壬基、癸基、异癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基、十四烷基、十六烷基、十八烷基、二十烷基、环戊基、环己基及环己基甲基等烷基、以及将这些烷基的碳-碳单键取代成碳-碳双键或碳-碳三键而得到的结构的不饱和脂肪族烃基等。
作为上述碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基,例如可列举出苯基、萘基、菲基、芘基及联苯基等。
作为上述碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团,可列举出四氢呋喃基、二氧杂戊环基、四氢吡喃基、吗啉基、呋喃基、硫代苯基、甲基硫代苯基、己基硫代苯基、苯并硫代苯基、吡咯基、吡咯烷基、咪唑基、咪唑啉基、咪唑烷基、吡唑啉基、吡唑烷基、哌啶基及哌嗪基等。
在本发明中,从产碱效率高的方面出发,上述通式(I)中的A优选为具有下述通式(A-1)中记载的二苯基硫醚结构、下述通式(A-2)中记载的咔唑结构、下述通式(A-3)中记载的芴结构、下述通式(A-4)中记载的吲哚结构、下述通式(A-5)中记载的香豆素结构或下述通式(A-6)中记载的联苯结构的基团,特别优选为具有下述通式(A-1)中记载的二苯基硫醚结构、下述通式(A-2)中记载的咔唑结构或下述通式(A-3)中记载的芴结构的基团。
[化学式3]
(式中,R21、R22、R23、R24、R25、R26、R27、R28、R29及R30分别独立地表示键合部位、氢原子、卤素原子、氰基、硝基、-OR31、-COOR31、-CO-R31、-SR31、碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基、碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团,
R21与R22、R22与R23、R23与R24、R24与R25、R26与R27、R27与R28、R28与R29、R29与R30也可以分别独立地互相连接而形成由氢原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为3~10的环,
R21、R22、R23、R24、R25、R26、R27、R28、R29及R30中的任意两者表示键合部位,
R31表示碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基或碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基,
R21、R22、R23、R24、R25、R26、R27、R28、R29及R30也可以是-OR31、-COOR31、-CO-R31、-SR31、碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基、碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团中的氢原子被卤素原子、硝基、氰基、羟基、氨基、羧基、甲基丙烯酰基、丙烯酰基、环氧基、乙烯基、乙烯基醚基、巯基、异氰酸酯基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团取代而得到的基团。)
通式(I)中的A为上述通式(A-1)的化合物在作为聚合引发剂使用的情况下,由于产碱效率高,因此固化感度优异,另外,所得到的固化物的透明性也优异,因此优选。
通式(A-1)中的R23及R28为键合部位从能够稳定且纯度良好地合成化合物的方面出发优选。
特别是从固化感度优异、能够稳定且纯度良好地合成化合物的方面出发,优选R23及R28为键合部位且R21、R22、R24、R25、R26、R27、R29及R30为氢原子的化合物。
[化学式4]
(式中,R40表示氢原子、碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基或碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基,
R41、R42、R43、R44、R45、R46、R47及R48分别独立地表示键合部位、氢原子、卤素原子、氰基、硝基、-OR49、-COOR49、-CO-R49、-SR49、碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基、碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团,
R41与R42、R42与R43、R43与R44、R45与R46、R46与R47、R47与R48也可以分别独立地互相连接而形成由氢原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为3~10的环,
R41、R42、R43、R44、R45、R46、R47及R48中的任意两者表示键合部位,
R49表示碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基或碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基,
R41、R42、R43、R44、R45、R46、R47及R48也可以是-OR49、-COOR49、-CO-R49、-SR49、碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基、碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团中的氢原子被卤素原子、硝基、氰基、羟基、氨基、羧基、甲基丙烯酰基、丙烯酰基、环氧基、乙烯基、乙烯基醚基、巯基、异氰酸酯基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团取代而得到的基团。)
通式(I)中的A以上述通式(A-2)表示的化合物在作为聚合引发剂使用的情况下,由于产碱效率高,因此固化感度优异,即使是长波长的光,产碱效率也高,因此优选。
通式(A-2)中的R43及R46为键合部位从能够稳定且纯度良好地合成化合物的方面出发优选。
特别是从固化感度优异、能够稳定且纯度良好地合成化合物的方面出发,优选通式(A-2)中的R40为碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基、R43及R46为键合部位、且R41、R42、R44、R45、R47及R48为氢原子的化合物,R40更优选为碳原子数为1~15的脂肪族烃基,特别优选为碳原子数为1~8的脂肪族烃基。
[化学式5]
(式中,R51及R52分别独立地表示氢原子、碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基或碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基,
R53、R54、R55、R56、R57、R58、R59及R60分别独立地表示键合部位、氢原子、卤素原子、氰基、硝基、-OR61、-COOR61、-CO-R61、-SR61、碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基、碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团,
R53与R54、R54与R55、R55与R56、R57与R58、R58与R59、R59与R60也可以分别独立地互相连接而形成由氢原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为3~10的环,
R53、R54、R55、R56、R57、R58、R59及R60中的任意两者表示键合部位,
R61表示碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基或碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基,
R51、R52、R53、R54、R55、R56、R57、R58、R59、R60及R61也可以是-OR61、-COOR61、-CO-R61、-SR61、碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基、碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团中的氢原子被卤素原子、硝基、氰基、羟基、氨基、羧基、甲基丙烯酰基、丙烯酰基、环氧基、乙烯基、乙烯基醚基、巯基、异氰酸酯基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团取代而得到的基团。)
对于通式(I)中的A以上述通式(A-3)表示的化合物,由于产碱效率高,因此固化感度优异,另外,固化物的透明性也优异,因此优选。
通式(A-3)中的R54及R59为键合部位从能够稳定且纯度良好地合成化合物的方面出发优选。
特别是从固化感度优异、能够稳定且纯度良好地合成化合物的方面出发,优选通式(A-3)中的R51及R52为碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基、R54及R59为键合部位、且R53、R55、R56、R57、R58及R60为氢原子的化合物。
[化学式6]
(式中,R71表示氢原子、碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基或碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基,
R71也可以是碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基或碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基中的氢原子被卤素原子、硝基、氰基、羟基、氨基、羧基、甲基丙烯酰基、丙烯酰基、环氧基、乙烯基、乙烯基醚基、巯基、异氰酸酯基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团取代而得到的基团,
R72、R73、R74、R75、R76及R77分别独立地表示键合部位、氢原子、卤素原子、氰基、硝基、-OR78、-COOR78、-CO-R78、-SR78、碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基、碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团,
R74与R75、R75与R76、R76与R77也可以分别独立地互相连接而形成由氢原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为3~10的环,
R72、R73、R74、R75、R76及R77中的任意两者表示键合部位,
R78表示碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基或碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基,
R72、R73、R74、R75、R76及R77也可以是-OR78、-COOR78、-CO-R78、-SR78、碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基、碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团中的氢原子被卤素原子、硝基、氰基、羟基、氨基、羧基、甲基丙烯酰基、丙烯酰基、环氧基、乙烯基、乙烯基醚基、巯基、异氰酸酯基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团取代而得到的基团。)
通式(I)中的A以上述通式(A-4)表示的化合物在作为聚合引发剂使用的情况下,由于产碱效率高,因此固化感度优异,另外,所得到的固化物的透明性也优异,因此优选。
[化学式7]
(式中,R81、R82、R83、R84、R85及R86分别独立地表示键合部位、氢原子、卤素原子、氰基、硝基、-OR87、-COOR87、-CO-R87、-SR87、碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基、碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团,
R83与R84、R84与R85、R85与R86也可以分别独立地互相连接而形成由氢原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为3~10的环,
R81、R82、R83、R84、R85及R86中的任意两者表示键合部位,
R87表示碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基或碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基,
R81、R82、R83、R84、R85及R86也可以是-OR87、-COOR87、-CO-R87、-SR87、碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基、碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团中的氢原子被卤素原子、硝基、氰基、羟基、氨基、羧基、甲基丙烯酰基、丙烯酰基、环氧基、乙烯基、乙烯基醚基、巯基、异氰酸酯基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团取代而得到的基团。)
对于通式(I)中的A以上述通式(A-5)表示的化合物,在作为聚合引发剂使用的情况下,由于产碱效率高,因此固化感度优异,即使是长波长的光,产碱效率也高,因此优选。
[化学式8]
(式中,R91、R92、R93、R94、R95、R96、R97、R98、R99及R100分别独立地表示键合部位、氢原子、卤素原子、氰基、硝基、-OR101、-COOR101、-CO-R101、-SR101、碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基、碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团,
R91与R92、R92与R93、R93与R94、R94与R95、R96与R97、R97与R98、R98与R99、R99与R100也可以分别独立地互相连接而形成由氢原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为3~10的环,
R91、R92、R93、R94、R95、R96、R97、R98、R99及R100中的任意两者表示键合部位,
R101表示碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基或碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基,
R91、R92、R93、R94、R95、R96、R97、R98、R99及R100也可以是-OR101、-COOR101、-CO-R101、-SR101、碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基、碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团中的氢原子被卤素原子、硝基、氰基、羟基、氨基、羧基、甲基丙烯酰基、丙烯酰基、环氧基、乙烯基、乙烯基醚基、巯基、异氰酸酯基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团取代而得到的基团。)
对于通式(I)中的A以上述通式(A-6)表示的化合物,在作为聚合引发剂使用的情况下,由于产碱效率高,因此固化感度优异,因此优选。
作为通式(A-1)~(A-6)中的卤素原子、碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基、碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团,可列举出上述通式(I)中的A的说明中例示的基团。
作为通式(A-1)中的R21与R22、R22与R23、R23与R24、R24与R25、R26与R27、R27与R28、R28与R29、R29与R30、通式(A-2)中的R41与R42、R42与R43、R43与R44、R45与R46、R46与R47、R47与R48、通式(A-3)中的R53与R54、R54与R55、R55与R56、R57与R58、R58与R59、R59与R60、通式(A-4)中的R74与R75、R75与R76、R76与R77、通式(A-5)中的R83与R84、R84与R85、R85与R86、及通式(A-6)中的R91与R92、R92与R93、R93与R94、R94与R95、R96与R97、R97与R98、R98与R99、R99与R100彼此连接而形成的由氢原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为3~10的环,可列举出苯环、环己烯环、环己烷环、环戊二烯环、环戊烷环等。
上述通式(I)中的R1及R2分别独立地表示氢原子、氰基、无取代或具有取代基的碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基或无取代或具有取代基的碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基。作为无取代或具有取代基的碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基或无取代或具有取代基的碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基,可列举出上述通式(I)中的A的说明中例示的基团。
R1和/或R2为碳原子数为2个以上的烷基、或碳原子数为6以上的环烷基烷基的化合物由于在溶剂中的溶解性高,因此优选,R1和/或R2更优选为碳原子数为2~15的烷基、或碳原子数为6~15的环烷基烷基,特别优选为碳原子数为2~10的烷基、或碳原子数为6~10的环烷基烷基。
上述通式(I)中的X1及X2分别独立地为-NR3R4、或上述式(a)或上述式(b)所表示的基团。
作为R3及R4所表示的无取代或具有取代基的碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基或无取代或具有取代基的碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基,可列举出上述通式(I)中的A的说明中例示的基团。
在R3及R4存在多个的情况下,它们可以相同,也可以不同。即,在X1及X2为-NR3R4的情况下,X1中的R3及R4与X2中的R3及R4可以分别相同,也可以不同。
作为上述式(a)及上述式(b)中的R11~R20所表示的无取代或具有取代基的碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基或无取代或具有取代基的碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基,可列举出上述通式(I)中的A的说明中例示的基团。
作为R3与R4、R11与R12、R13与R14、R15与R16、R17与R18及R19与R20彼此连接而形成的由氢原子、氮原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为2~10的环,作为包含所键合的氮原子的环,可列举出吡咯环、吡咯烷环、咪唑环、咪唑烷环、咪唑啉环、吡唑环、吡唑烷环、哌啶环、哌嗪环等。这些环也可以具有取代基,作为此时的取代基,可列举出上述通式(I)中的A的说明中例示的基团。
作为R3与R4、R11与R12、R13与R14、R15与R16、R17与R18及R19与R20彼此连接而形成的由氢原子、氧原子、氮原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为2~10的环,作为包含所键合的氮原子的环,可列举出吗啉环、噁唑环、噁唑啉环、噁二唑环等。这些环也可以具有取代基,作为此时的取代基,可列举出上述通式(I)中的A的说明中例示的基团。
在本发明中,优选上述通式(I)中的X1及X2为-NR3R4,R3与R4彼此连接而形成由氢原子、氮原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为2~10的环或由氢原子、氧原子、氮原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为2~10的环,X1中的环与X2中的环优选相同。
上述通式(I)中的X1及X2为这样的结构的化合物在作为聚合引发剂使用的情况下,由于产生的碱的反应性高,因此优选。
特别是上述通式(I)中的X1为-NR3R4、R3与R4彼此连接而形成由氢原子、氮原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为2~10的环由于产生的碱的反应性高,因此优选。
在本发明中,还优选上述通式(I)中的X1及X2为-NR3R4,R3及R4分别独立地为无取代或具有取代基的碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基,更优选为无取代的碳原子数为2~10的脂肪族烃基,特别优选为无取代的碳原子数为2~6的脂肪族烃基,X1及X2优选为同一基团。
进而,还优选上述通式(I)中的X1及X2为-NR3R4,R3为氢原子,R4为无取代或具有取代基的碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基,特别优选R4为无取代的碳原子数为6~10的芳香族烃基。
上述通式(I)中的X1及X2为这样的结构的化合物在作为聚合引发剂使用的情况下,从加热时的挥发物抑制的观点出发优选。
上述通式(I)中的n表示0或1,m表示0或1。
n及m为0的化合物由于相对于热的稳定性高,因此优选。
n及m为1的化合物由于成为固化感度高的化合物,因此优选。
作为上述通式(I)所表示的化合物的具体例子,可列举出以下的化学式(1)~(216)所表示的化合物。但是,本发明不受以下的化合物的任何限制。
[化学式9]
[化学式10]
[化学式11]
[化学式12]
[化学式13]
[化学式14]
[化学式15]
[化学式16]
[化学式17]
[化学式18]
[化学式19]
[化学式20]
[化学式21]
[化学式22]
[化学式23]
[化学式24]
[化学式25]
[化学式26]
[化学式27]
[化学式28]
上述通式(I)所表示的本发明的氨基甲酰肟化合物的制造方法没有特别限定,例如在通式(I)中的A以通式(A-2)表示、n及m为0的情况下,按照下述反应式1,可以通过以下的方法来制造。
即,通过使酮化合物A与羟基氯化铵在吡啶等碱的存在下反应,得到肟化合物A。接着,通过使氯甲酸4-硝基苯酯与肟化合物A反应,接着根据需要使胺反应,可得到本发明的氨基甲酰肟化合物A。
[化学式29]
(式中,R40~R48、R1~R4与上述通式(A-2)相同。)
在通式(I)中的A以通式(A-2)表示、n=1的情况下,按照下述反应式2,在酸性条件下使亚硝酸异丁酯与酮体B反应而得到肟化合物B。接着,通过使氯甲酸4-硝基苯酯与肟化合物B反应,接着根据需要使胺反应,得到本发明的氨基甲酰肟化合物B。
[化学式30]
(式中,R40~R48、R1~R4与上述通式(A-2)相同。)
上述反应式1及反应式2均表示X1及X2为-NR3R4的情况,但通过变更所使用的胺,也能够制造X1及X2为上述式(a)或上述式(b)所表示的基团的化合物。
另外,上述反应式1及反应式2均表示R43及R46为键合部位的情况,但通过在咔唑环形成时在R41~R48的所期望的位置导入酮基,能够得到R41~R48中的任意两者为键合部位的化合物。
肟化合物A也可以通过日本专利第4223071号公报中记载的方法来制造。
本发明的氨基甲酰肟化合物由于通过紫外线等光照射或加热而有效地产生碱及自由基,因此作为潜在性产碱剂及自由基聚合引发剂是有用的,特别是作为潜在性产碱剂是有用的。
本发明的潜在性产碱剂是指具有通过照射紫外线等光而高效地产生碱的功能的化合物,作为其用途,可列举出PH调整剂、利用了碱的催化剂等。
另外,本发明的氨基甲酰肟化合物由于在上述聚合引发剂中碱及自由基的产生效率高,因此作为光产碱剂及光自由基聚合引发剂是有用的,由于产碱效率非常高,因此特别是作为光产碱剂是有用的。
本发明的聚合引发剂含有至少一种上述通式(I)所表示的氨基甲酰肟化合物。作为可以与上述通式(I)所表示的氨基甲酰肟化合物并用的聚合引发剂,没有特别限制,可列举出以往已知的光产碱剂及光自由基聚合引发剂。
上述聚合引发剂中的上述通式(I)所表示的化合物的含量优选为1~100质量%,更优选为50~100质量%。
本发明的聚合性组合物含有包含至少一种上述通式(I)所表示的氨基甲酰肟化合物的聚合引发剂(A)、及聚合性化合物(B)。
聚合引发剂(A)的含量相对于聚合性化合物(B)100质量份,优选为1~20质量份,更优选为1~10质量份。通过聚合引发剂(A)的含量为1质量份以上,容易防止因固化感度不足而引起的固化不良,因此优选,通过设定为20质量份以下,能够抑制光照射时或加热时的挥发物,因此优选。
作为本发明中使用的聚合性化合物(B),可列举出具有阴离子聚合性官能团的化合物、通过碱作为催化剂起作用的反应或碱进行加成的反应而固化的化合物、及自由基聚合性化合物,优选为通过照射紫外线等能量射线而进行聚合并固化的感光性树脂或固化温度低温化的固化树脂。上述阴离子聚合性官能团是指可利用通过紫外线等活性能量射线从光产碱剂产生的碱进行聚合的官能团,例如可列举出环氧基、环硫基、环状单体(σ-戊内酯、ε-己内酰胺)、丙二酸酯等。对于碱作为催化剂起作用的反应或碱进行加成的反应,可列举出利用异氰酸酯和醇的氨基甲酸酯键形成反应、环氧树脂与含有羟基的化合物的加成反应、环氧树脂与含有羧酸基的化合物的加成反应、环氧树脂与硫醇化合物的加成反应、(甲基)丙烯酸基的麦克尔加成反应、聚酰胺酸的脱水缩合反应、烷氧基硅烷的水解·缩聚反应等。
作为具有阴离子聚合性官能团的化合物,例如可列举出环氧树脂、氧杂环丁烷树脂、环硫化物树脂、环状酰胺(内酰胺系化合物)、环状酯(内酯系化合物)、环状碳酸酯系化合物、丙二酸酯等。对于通过碱作为催化剂起作用的反应或碱进行加成的反应而固化的化合物,例如可列举出聚酰胺树脂(利用脱水环化的聚酰亚胺化反应)、环氧/羟基系(开环加成反应)、环氧/羧酸系(开环加成反应)、环氧/硫醇系(开环加成反应)、环氧/酸酐系(开环加成反应)、丙烯酸/硫醇系(麦克尔加成反应)、甲基丙烯酸/硫醇系(麦克尔加成反应)、丙烯酸/胺系(麦克尔加成反应)、甲基丙烯酸/胺系(麦克尔加成反应)、羧酸/羟基系(聚酯化反应)、羧酸/胺系(聚酰胺化反应)、异氰酸酯/羟基系(聚氨酯化反应)、烷氧基硅烷系(水解/缩聚)等。作为利用自由基进行聚合的化合物,可列举出烯键式不饱和化合物。从反应性高的方面出发,优选使用进行自由基聚合的化合物。这些树脂可以单独使用,也可以将两种以上并用。作为优选的组合,从快速地进行反应、粘接性良好的方面出发,可列举出环氧树脂与酚醛树脂的组合,从低温固化性优异的方面出发,可列举出环氧树脂与硫醇化合物的组合,从反应性高的方面出发,可列举出烯键式不饱和化合物与硫醇化合物的组合。
作为上述环氧树脂,例如可列举出氢醌、间苯二酚、焦儿茶酚、间苯三酚等单核多元酚化合物的聚缩水甘油醚化合物;二羟基萘、联苯酚、亚甲基双酚(双酚F)、亚甲基双(邻甲酚)、亚乙基双酚、异亚丙基双酚(双酚A)、4,4’-二羟基二苯甲酮、异亚丙基双(邻甲酚)、四溴双酚A、1,3-双(4-羟基枯基苯)、1,4-双(4-羟基枯基苯)、1,1,3-三(4-羟基苯基)丁烷、1,1,2,2-四(4-羟基苯基)乙烷、硫代双酚、磺基双酚、氧代双苯酚、线性酚醛清漆、邻甲酚酚醛清漆、乙基线性酚醛清漆、丁基线性酚醛清漆、辛基线性酚醛清漆、间苯二酚酚醛清漆、萜烯酚等多核多元酚化合物的聚缩水甘油醚化合物;乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、己二醇、聚乙二醇、硫二甘醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、山梨糖醇、双酚A-环氧乙烷加成物等多元醇类的聚缩水甘油醚;马来酸、富马酸、衣康酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、辛二酸、己二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、二聚酸、三聚酸、邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、偏苯三酸、均苯三甲酸、均苯四甲酸、四氢邻苯二甲酸、六氢邻苯二甲酸、桥亚甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸等脂肪族、芳香族或脂环族多元酸的缩水甘油酯类、及甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的均聚物或共聚物;N,N-二缩水甘油基苯胺、双(4-(N-甲基-N-缩水甘油基氨基)苯基)甲烷、二缩水甘油基邻甲苯胺等具有缩水甘油基氨基的环氧化合物;乙烯基环己烯二环氧化物、二环戊二烯二环氧化物、3,4-环氧环己基甲基-3,4-环氧环己烷羧酸酯、3,4-环氧-6-甲基环己基甲基-6-甲基环己烷羧酸酯、双(3,4-环氧-6-甲基环己基甲基)己二酸酯等环状烯烃化合物的环氧化物;环氧化聚丁二烯、环氧化丙烯腈-丁二烯共聚物、环氧化苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物等环氧化共轭二烯聚合物、异氰脲酸三缩水甘油酯等杂环化合物。另外,这些环氧树脂也可以是通过末端异氰酸酯的预聚物而进行了内部交联的物质或者通过多元的活性氢化合物(多元酚、多胺、含羰基的化合物、聚磷酸酯等)而高分子量化的物质。
上述环氧树脂中,从固化性优异的方面出发,优选具有缩水甘油基的环氧树脂,更优选具有2官能以上的缩水甘油基的环氧树脂。
作为上述酚醛树脂,优选在1分子中具有2个以上的羟基的酚醛树脂,可以使用一般公知的酚醛树脂。作为酚醛树脂,例如可列举出双酚A型酚醛树脂、双酚E型酚醛树脂、双酚F型酚醛树脂、双酚S型酚醛树脂、线性酚醛清漆树脂、双酚A酚醛清漆型酚醛树脂、缩水甘油酯型酚醛树脂、芳烷基酚醛清漆型酚醛树脂、联苯芳烷基型酚醛树脂、甲酚酚醛清漆型酚醛树脂、多官能酚醛树脂、萘酚树脂、萘酚酚醛清漆树脂、多官能萘酚树脂、蒽型酚醛树脂、萘骨架改性酚醛清漆型酚醛树脂、苯酚芳烷基型酚醛树脂、萘酚芳烷基型酚醛树脂、二环戊二烯型酚醛树脂、联苯型酚醛树脂、脂环式酚醛树脂、多元醇型酚醛树脂、含磷的酚醛树脂、含聚合性不饱和烃基的酚醛树脂及含羟基的有机硅树脂类,没有特别限制。这些酚醛树脂可以单独使用一种或将两种以上组合使用。
上述硫醇化合物没有特别限制,包含全部的硫醇化合物,但优选在1分子中具有2个以上的硫醇基的硫醇化合物。
作为硫醇化合物的优选的具体例子,为双(2-巯基乙基)硫醚、2,5-二巯基甲基-1,4-二噻烷、1,3-双(巯基甲基)苯、1,4-双(巯基甲基)苯、4-巯基甲基-1,8-二巯基-3,6-二硫杂辛烷、4,8-二巯基甲基-1,11-二巯基-3,6,9-三硫杂十一烷、4,7-二巯基甲基-1,11-二巯基-3,6,9-三硫杂十一烷、5,7-二巯基甲基-1,11-二巯基-3,6,9-三硫杂十一烷、1,2,6,7-四巯基-4-硫杂庚烷、季戊四硫醇、1,1,3,3-四(巯基甲基硫代)丙烷、季戊四醇四巯基丙酸酯、季戊四醇四巯基乙酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三巯基乙酸酯、及三羟甲基丙烷三巯基丙酸酯,更优选可列举出1,2,6,7-四巯基-4-硫杂庚烷、季戊四硫醇、双(2-巯基乙基)硫醚、2,5-双(2-巯基甲基)-1,4-二噻烷、4-巯基甲基-1,8-二巯基-3,6-二硫杂辛烷、1,3-双(巯基甲基)苯、季戊四醇四巯基丙酸酯、及季戊四醇四巯基乙酸酯。
特别优选的化合物为1,2,6,7-四巯基-4-硫杂庚烷、季戊四硫醇、双(2-巯基乙基)硫醚、2,5-二巯基甲基-1,4-二噻烷、及4-巯基甲基-1,8-二巯基-3,6-二硫杂辛烷。
硫醇化合物可以单独使用一种或将两种以上组合使用。
作为上述聚酰胺树脂,可列举出作为酸二酐以亚乙基四羧酸二酐、1,2,3,4-苯四羧酸二酐、1,2,3,4-环己烷四羧酸二酐、2,2’,3,3’-二苯甲酮四羧酸二酐、2,2,3,3-联苯四羧酸酐、1,4,5,8-萘四羧酸二酐等作为原料、作为二胺以(邻、间或对)苯二胺、(3,3’-或4,4’-)二氨基二苯基醚、二氨基二苯甲酮、(3,3’-或4,4’-)二氨基二苯基甲烷等作为原料的树脂。
作为上述聚氨酯树脂,可列举出以甲苯二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯等多官能异氰酸酯和聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯多元醇等多元醇(多官能醇)作为原料的树脂等。
另外,作为上述尼龙树脂,可列举出以ε-己内酰胺、月桂基内酰胺等环状单体作为原料的树脂等。
另外,作为上述聚酯树脂,可列举出以δ-戊内酯、β-丙内酯等环状单体作为原料的树脂等。
作为上述烯键式不饱和化合物,例如可列举出乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、异丁烯、氯乙烯、偏氯乙烯、偏氟乙烯、四氟乙烯等不饱和脂肪族烃;(甲基)丙烯酸、α-氯丙烯酸、衣康酸、马来酸、柠康酸、富马酸、降冰片烯二酸、巴豆酸、异巴豆酸、乙烯基乙酸、烯丙基乙酸、肉桂酸、山梨酸、中康酸、琥珀酸单[2-(甲基)丙烯酰氧基乙酯]、邻苯二甲酸单[2-(甲基)丙烯酰氧基乙酯]、ω-羧基聚己内酯单(甲基)丙烯酸酯等在两末端具有羧基和羟基的聚合物的单(甲基)丙烯酸酯;(甲基)丙烯酸羟基乙酯·马来酸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸羟基丙酯·马来酸酯、二环戊二烯·马来酸酯或者具有1个羧基和2个以上的(甲基)丙烯酰基的多官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯等不饱和多元酸;(甲基)丙烯酸-2-羟基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸-2-羟基丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、下述丙烯酸化合物No.1~No.4、(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸-叔丁酯、((甲基)丙烯酸环己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正辛酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异辛酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异壬酯、(甲基)丙烯酸硬脂酯、(甲基)丙烯酸月桂酯、(甲基)丙烯酸甲氧基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸二甲基氨基甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸氨基丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸二甲基氨基丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙氧基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸聚(乙氧基)乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丁氧基乙氧基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙基己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸苯氧基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸四氢呋喃酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙烯酯、(甲基)丙烯酸烯丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸苄基酯、乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、丙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,4-丁二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,6-己二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基乙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇六(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇五(甲基)丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四(甲基)丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三环癸烷二羟甲基二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三[(甲基)丙烯酰基乙基]异氰脲酸酯、聚酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯低聚物等不饱和一元酸及多元醇或多元酚的酯;(甲基)丙烯酸锌、(甲基)丙烯酸镁等不饱和多元酸的金属盐;马来酸酐、衣康酸酐、柠康酸酐、甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、三烷基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、5-(2,5-二氧代四氢呋喃基)-3-甲基-3-环己烯-1,2-二羧酸酐、三烷基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐-马来酸酐加成物、十二碳烯基琥珀酸酐、甲基降冰片烯二酸酐等不饱和多元酸的酸酐;(甲基)丙烯酰胺、亚甲基双-(甲基)丙烯酰胺、二亚乙基三胺三(甲基)丙烯酰胺、苯二甲基双(甲基)丙烯酰胺、α-氯丙烯酰胺、N-2-羟基乙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺等不饱和一元酸及多价胺的酰胺;丙烯醛等不饱和醛;(甲基)丙烯腈、α-氯丙烯腈、亚乙烯基二氰、烯丙基腈等不饱和腈;苯乙烯、4-甲基苯乙烯、4-乙基苯乙烯、4-甲氧基苯乙烯、4-羟基苯乙烯、4-氯苯乙烯、二乙烯基苯、乙烯基甲苯、乙烯基苯甲酸、乙烯基苯酚、乙烯基磺酸、4-乙烯基苯磺酸、乙烯基苄基甲基醚、乙烯基苄基缩水甘油醚等不饱和芳香族化合物;甲基乙烯基酮等不饱和酮;乙烯基胺、烯丙基胺、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、乙烯基哌啶等不饱和胺化合物;烯丙醇、巴豆醇等乙烯醇;乙烯基甲基醚、乙烯基乙基醚、正丁基乙烯基醚、异丁基乙烯基醚、烯丙基缩水甘油醚等乙烯基醚;马来酰亚胺、N-苯基马来酰亚胺、N-环己基马来酰亚胺等不饱和酰亚胺类;茚、1-甲基茚等茚类;1,3-丁二烯、异戊二烯、氯丁二烯等脂肪族共轭二烯类;聚苯乙烯、聚(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、聚(甲基)丙烯酸正丁酯、聚硅氧烷等在聚合物分子链的末端具有单(甲基)丙烯酰基的大分子单体类;乙烯基氯、偏二氯乙烯、琥珀酸二乙烯酯、邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯、磷酸三烯丙酯、异氰脲酸三烯丙酯、乙烯基硫醚、乙烯基咪唑、乙烯基噁唑啉、乙烯基咔唑、乙烯基吡咯烷酮、乙烯基吡啶、含羟基的乙烯基单体及聚异氰酸酯化合物的乙烯基氨基甲酸酯化合物、含羟基的乙烯基单体及聚环氧化合物的乙烯基环氧化合物。
烯键式不饱和化合物可以单独使用或将两种以上混合使用。
[化学式31]
丙烯酸化合物No.1
[化学式32]
丙烯酸化合物No.2
[化学式33]
丙烯酸化合物No.3
[化学式34]
丙烯酸化合物No.4
作为上述烯键式不饱和化合物,也可以使用市售品,例如可列举出KAYARAD DPHA、DPEA-12、PEG400DA、THE-330、RP-1040、NPGDA、PET30、R-684(以上,日本化药制);ARONIX M-215、M-350(以上,东亚合成制);NK ESTER A-DPH、A-TMPT、A-DCP、A-HD-N、TMPT、DCP、NPG及HD-N(以上,新中村化学工业制);SPC-1000、SPC-3000(以上,昭和电工制);等。
在本发明的聚合性组合物中,作为任意成分,可以使用无机化合物、色料、潜在性环氧固化剂、链转移剂、增感剂、溶剂等添加剂。
作为上述无机化合物,例如可列举出氧化镍、氧化铁、氧化铱、氧化钛、氧化锌、氧化镁、氧化钙、氧化钾、二氧化硅、氧化铝等金属氧化物;层状粘土矿物、米洛丽蓝、碳酸钙、碳酸镁、钴系、锰系、玻璃粉末(特别是玻璃粉)、云母、滑石、高岭土、亚铁氰化物、各种金属硫酸盐、硫化物、硒化物、硅酸铝、硅酸钙、氢氧化铝、铂、金、银、铜等。这些无机化合物例如作为填充剂、防反射剂、导电材料、稳定剂、阻燃剂、机械强度提高剂、特殊波长吸收剂、疏油墨剂等来使用。
作为上述色料,可列举出颜料、染料、天然色素等。这些色料可以单独使用或将两种以上混合使用。
作为上述颜料,例如可以使用亚硝基化合物;硝基化合物;偶氮化合物;重氮化合物;呫吨化合物;喹啉化合物;蒽醌化合物;香豆素化合物;酞菁化合物;异吲哚啉酮化合物;异吲哚啉化合物;喹吖啶酮化合物;蒽嵌蒽二酮化合物;紫环酮化合物;苝化合物;吡咯并吡咯二酮化合物;硫靛化合物;二噁嗪化合物;三苯基甲烷化合物;喹酞酮化合物;萘四羧酸;偶氮染料、花青染料的金属络合物化合物;色淀颜料;通过炉法、槽法或热法得到的炭黑、或者乙炔黑、科琴黑或灯黑等炭黑;用环氧树脂对上述炭黑进行调整或被覆而得到的物质、将上述炭黑预先在溶剂中用树脂进行分散处理并使其吸附有20~200mg/g的树脂而得到的物质、对上述炭黑进行酸性或碱性表面处理而得到的物质、平均粒径为8nm以上且DBP吸油量为90ml/100g以下的炭黑、由950℃下的挥发分中的CO及CO2算出的总氧量为每100m2表面积为9mg以上的炭黑;石墨、石墨化炭黑、活性炭、碳纤维、碳纳米管、碳微线圈、碳纳米角、碳气凝胶、富勒烯;苯胺黑、颜料黑7、钛黑;氧化铬绿、米洛丽蓝、钴绿、钴蓝、锰系、亚铁氰化物、磷酸盐群青、普鲁士蓝、群青、钴天蓝、翠铬绿、翡翠绿、硫酸铅、铬黄、锌黄、氧化铁红(红色氧化铁(III))、镉红、合成铁黑、棕土等有机或无机颜料。这些颜料可以单独使用或者将多种混合使用。
作为上述颜料,也可以使用市售的颜料,例如可列举出颜料红1、2、3、9、10、14、17、22、23、31、38、41、48、49、88、90、97、112、119、122、123、144、149、166、168、169、170、171、177、179、180、184、185、192、200、202、209、215、216、217、220、223、224、226、227、228、240、254;颜料橙13、31、34、36、38、43、46、48、49、51、52、55、59、60、61、62、64、65、71;颜料黄1、3、12、13、14、16、17、20、24、55、60、73、81、83、86、93、95、97、98、100、109、110、113、114、117、120、125、126、127、129、137、138、139、147、148、150、151、152、153、154、166、168、175、180、185;颜料绿7、10、36;颜料蓝15、15:1、15:2、15:3、15:4、15:5、15:6、22、24、56、60、61、62、64;颜料紫1、19、23、27、29、30、32、37、40、50等。
作为上述染料,可列举出偶氮染料、蒽醌染料、靛蓝染料、三芳基甲烷染料、呫吨染料、茜素染料、吖啶染料、芪染料、噻唑染料、萘酚染料、喹啉染料、硝基染料、吲达胺染料、噁嗪染料、酞菁染料、花青染料等染料等,它们也可以混合多种使用。
作为上述潜在性环氧固化剂,例如可列举出双氰胺、改性多胺、酰肼类、4,4’-二氨基二苯基砜、三氟化硼胺络盐、咪唑类、胍胺类、咪唑类、脲类及三聚氰胺等。
作为上述链转移剂或增感剂,一般使用含硫原子的化合物。例如可列举出硫代乙醇酸、硫代苹果酸、硫代水杨酸、2-巯基丙酸、3-巯基丙酸、3-巯基丁酸、N-(2-巯基丙酰基)甘氨酸、2-巯基烟酸、3-[N-(2-巯基乙基)氨基甲酰基]丙酸、3-[N-(2-巯基乙基)氨基]丙酸、N-(3-巯基丙酰基)丙氨酸、2-巯基乙磺酸、3-巯基丙磺酸、4-巯基丁磺酸、十二烷基(4-甲基硫代)苯基醚、2-巯基乙醇、3-巯基-1,2-丙二醇、1-巯基-2-丙醇、3-巯基-2-丁醇、巯基苯酚、2-巯基乙基胺、2-巯基咪唑、2-巯基苯并咪唑、2-巯基-3-吡啶醇、2-巯基苯并噻唑、巯基乙酸、三羟甲基丙烷三(3-巯基丙酸酯)、季戊四醇四(3-巯基丙酸酯)等巯基化合物、将该巯基化合物氧化而得到的二硫醚化合物、碘乙酸、碘丙酸、2-碘乙醇、2-碘乙磺酸、3-碘丙磺酸等碘代烷基化合物、三羟甲基丙烷三(3-巯基异丁酸酯)、丁二醇双(3-巯基异丁酸酯)、己二硫醇、癸二硫醇、1,4-二甲基巯基苯、丁二醇二硫代丙酸酯、丁二醇二硫代乙酸酯、乙二醇二硫代乙酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三硫代乙酸酯、丁二醇二硫代丙酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三硫代丙酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三硫代乙酸酯、季戊四醇四硫代丙酸酯、季戊四醇四硫代乙酸酯、三羟基乙基三硫代丙酸酯、二乙基噻吨酮、二异丙基噻吨酮、下述化合物No.C1、三巯基丙酸三(2-羟基乙基)异氰脲酸酯等脂肪族多官能硫醇化合物、昭和电工公司制的Karenz MT BD1、PE1、NR1等。
[化学式35]
化合物No.C1
作为上述溶剂,通常可以使用能溶解或分散上述的各成分(聚合引发剂(A)及聚合性化合物(B)等)的溶剂,例如甲乙酮、甲基戊基酮、二乙基酮、丙酮、甲基异丙基酮、甲基异丁基酮、环己酮、2-庚酮等酮类;乙醚、二噁烷、四氢呋喃、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、1,2-二乙氧基乙烷、二丙二醇二甲基醚等醚系溶剂;乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸正丙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸正丁酯、乙酸环己酯、乳酸乙酯、琥珀酸二甲酯、2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇单异丁酸酯(Texanol)等酯系溶剂;乙二醇单甲基醚、乙二醇单乙基醚等溶纤剂系溶剂;甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇或正丙醇、异丁醇或正丁醇、戊醇等醇系溶剂;乙二醇单甲基乙酸酯、乙二醇单乙基乙酸酯、丙二醇-1-单甲基醚-2-乙酸酯、二丙二醇单甲基醚乙酸酯、3-甲氧基丁基乙酸酯、乙氧基乙基丙酸酯等醚酯系溶剂;苯、甲苯、二甲苯等BTX系溶剂;己烷、庚烷、辛烷、环己烷等脂肪族烃系溶剂;松节油、D-柠檬烯、蒎烯等萜烯系烃油;矿物油精、SWASOL#310(COSMO松山石油(株))、SOLVESSO#100(Exxon化学(株))等石蜡系溶剂;四氯化碳、氯仿、三氯乙烯、二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷等卤代脂肪族烃系溶剂;氯苯等卤代芳香族烃系溶剂;卡必醇系溶剂;苯胺;三乙胺;吡啶;乙酸;乙腈;二硫化碳;N,N-二甲基甲酰胺;N,N-二甲基乙酰胺;N-甲基吡咯烷酮;二甲基亚砜;水等,这些溶剂可以使用一种或作为两种以上的混合溶剂来使用。
它们中,从碱显影性、图案化性、制膜性、溶解性的方面出发,优选使用酮类或醚酯系溶剂、特别是丙二醇-1-单甲基醚-2-乙酸酯(以下,也称为“PGMEA”。)或环己酮。
在本发明的聚合性组合物中,溶剂的含量没有特别限制,只要是各成分均匀地分散或溶解、并且本发明的聚合性组合物呈适于各用途的液状或糊状的量即可,通常优选在本发明的聚合性组合物中的固体成分(溶剂以外的全部成分)的量成为10~90质量%的范围内含有溶剂。
另外,本发明的聚合性组合物也可以通过使用有机聚合物来改善固化物的特性。作为该有机聚合物,例如可列举出聚苯乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物、聚(甲基)丙烯酸、苯乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物、(甲基)丙烯酸-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、乙烯-氯乙烯共聚物、乙烯-乙烯基共聚物、聚氯乙烯树脂、ABS树脂、尼龙6、尼龙66、尼龙12、氨基甲酸酯树脂、聚碳酸酯聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、纤维素酯、聚丙烯酰胺、饱和聚酯、酚醛树脂、苯氧基树脂等。
使用上述有机聚合物时,其使用量相对于聚合性化合物(B)100质量份,优选为10~500质量份。
在本发明的聚合性组合物中,可以进一步并用表面活性剂、硅烷偶联剂、三聚氰胺化合物等。
作为上述表面活性剂,可以使用全氟烷基磷酸酯、全氟烷基羧酸盐等氟系表面活性剂;高级脂肪酸碱盐、烷基磺酸盐、烷基硫酸盐等阴离子系表面活性剂;高级胺卤酸盐、季铵盐等阳离子系表面活性剂;聚乙二醇烷基醚、聚乙二醇脂肪酸酯、山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯、脂肪酸单甘油酯等非离子表面活性剂;两性表面活性剂;有机硅系表面活性剂等表面活性剂,它们可以组合使用。
作为上述硅烷偶联剂,例如可以使用信越化学公司制硅烷偶联剂,其中,优选使用KBE-9007、KBM-502、KBE-403等具有异氰酸酯基、甲基丙烯酰基或环氧基的硅烷偶联剂。
作为上述三聚氰胺化合物,可列举出(聚)羟甲基三聚氰胺、(聚)羟甲基甘脲、(聚)羟甲基苯并胍胺、(聚)羟甲基脲等氮化合物中的活性羟甲基(CH2OH基)的全部或一部分(至少2个)被烷基醚化的化合物等。
其中,作为构成烷基醚的烷基,可列举出甲基、乙基或丁基,彼此可以相同也可以不同。另外,未被烷基醚化的羟甲基可以在一分子内进行自缩合,也可以在二分子间进行缩合,其结果是形成低聚物成分。
具体而言,可以使用六甲氧基甲基三聚氰胺、六丁氧基甲基三聚氰胺、四甲氧基甲基甘脲、四丁氧基甲基甘脲等。
其中,从在溶剂中的溶解性、难以从聚合性组合物中结晶析出的方面出发,优选六甲氧基甲基三聚氰胺、六丁氧基甲基三聚氰胺等经烷基醚化的三聚氰胺。
在本发明的聚合性组合物中,聚合引发剂(A)及聚合性化合物(B)以外的任意成分(其中,无机化合物、色料及溶剂除外)的使用量根据其使用目的而适当选择,没有特别限制,优选相对于聚合性化合物(B)100质量份合计设定为50质量份以下。
本发明的聚合性组合物可以通过照射能量射线而制成固化物。该固化物形成为与用途相应的适宜的形状。例如在形成膜状的固化物的情况下,本发明的聚合性组合物可通过旋涂机、辊涂机、棒涂机、模涂机、帘式涂布机、各种印刷、浸渍等公知的手段应用于钠玻璃、石英玻璃、半导体基板、金属、纸、塑料等支撑基体上。另外,也可以暂时施加于膜等支撑基体上后,转印到其他支撑基体上,对其应用方法没有限制。
作为使本发明的聚合性组合物固化时使用的能量射线的光源,可以利用由超高压汞灯、高压汞灯、中压汞灯、低压汞灯、汞蒸气弧灯、氙弧灯、碳弧灯、金属卤化物灯、荧光灯、钨灯、准分子灯、杀菌灯、发光二极管、CRT光源等得到的具有2000埃~7000埃的波长的电磁波能量、电子射线、X射线、放射线等高能量射线,优选使用发出波长300~450nm的光的超高压汞灯、汞蒸气弧灯、碳弧灯、氙弧灯等。
进而,通过对曝光光源使用激光而不使用掩模、根据计算机等数字信息直接形成图像的激光直接描绘法不仅能够提高生产率,还能够谋求分辨率、位置精度等的提高,因此是有用的,作为该激光,优选使用340~430nm的波长的光,但也可以使用准分子激光器、氮激光器、氩离子激光器、氦镉激光器、氦氖激光器、氪离子激光器、各种半导体激光器和YAG激光器等发出从可见到红外区域的光的激光器。在使用这些激光的情况下,优选添加吸收从可见到红外的该区域的增感色素。
另外,在本发明的聚合性组合物的固化中,通常需要在上述能量射线的照射后进行加热,从固化率的方面考虑优选40~150℃左右的加热。
本发明的聚合性组合物可以用于光固化性涂料或清漆;光固化性粘接剂;金属用涂布剂;印刷电路基板;彩色电视、PC监视器、便携信息终端、数码相机等彩色显示的液晶显示元件中的滤色器;CCD图像传感器的滤色器;等离子体显示面板用的电极材料;粉末涂布;印刷油墨;印刷版;粘接剂;牙科用组合物;凝胶涂层;电子工学用的光致抗蚀剂;电镀抗蚀剂;蚀刻抗蚀剂;干膜;焊料抗蚀剂;用于制造各种显示用途用的滤色器的或者用于在等离子体显示面板、电发光显示装置、及LCD的制造工序中形成它们的结构的抗蚀剂;用于封入电气及电子部件的组合物;阻焊剂;磁记录材料;微小机械部件;波导;光开关;镀覆用掩模;蚀刻掩模;彩色试验系统;玻璃纤维电缆涂布;丝网印刷用模版;用于通过立体光刻制造三维物体的材料、全息记录用材料、图像记录材料、微细电子电路、脱色材料、用于图像记录材料的脱色材料、使用微胶囊的图像记录材料用的脱色材料、印刷布线板用光致抗蚀剂材料、UV及可见激光直接图像系统用的光致抗蚀剂材料;印刷电路基板的逐次层叠中的电介质层形成中使用的光致抗蚀剂材料或保护膜等各种的用途,对其用途没有特别限制。
本发明的聚合性组合物也可以出于形成液晶显示面板用间隔物的目的及形成垂直取向型液晶显示元件用突起的目的而使用。特别是作为用于同时形成垂直取向型液晶显示元件用的突起和间隔物的感光性树脂组合物是有用的。
上述的液晶显示面板用间隔物优选通过(1)在基板上形成本发明的聚合性组合物的涂膜的工序、(2)对该涂膜介由具有规定的图案形状的掩模而照射能量射线(光)的工序、(3)曝光后的烘烤工序、(4)对曝光后的被膜进行显影的工序、(5)对显影后的该被膜进行加热的工序而形成。
添加了色料的本发明的聚合性组合物适合用作构成滤色器中的RGB等各像素的抗蚀剂、形成各像素的隔壁的黑色矩阵用抗蚀剂。进而,在添加疏油墨剂的黑色矩阵用抗蚀剂的情况下,优选用于轮廓角为50°以上的喷墨方式滤色器用隔壁。作为该疏油墨剂,优选使用氟系表面活性剂及含有氟系表面活性剂的组合物。
在用于上述喷墨方式滤色器用隔壁的情况下,通过下述方法来制造光学元件:由本发明的聚合性组合物形成的隔壁对被转印体上进行划分,通过喷墨法对被划分的被转印体上的凹部赋予液滴而形成图像区域。此时,优选上述液滴含有着色剂,上述图像区域被着色,此时,通过上述的制造方法制作的光学元件在基板上至少具有由多个着色区域构成的像素组和将该像素组的各着色区域隔离的隔壁。
本发明的聚合性组合物也可以用作保护膜或绝缘膜用组合物。这种情况下,可以含有紫外线吸收剂、烷基化改性三聚氰胺和/或丙烯酸改性三聚氰胺、在分子中含有醇性羟基的1官能或2官能的(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体和/或硅溶胶。
上述绝缘膜用于在可剥离的支撑基材上设置有绝缘树脂层的层叠体中的该绝缘树脂层,该层叠体能够利用碱水溶液进行显影,绝缘树脂层的膜厚优选为10~100μm。
本发明的聚合性组合物通过含有无机化合物,可以用作感光性糊剂组合物。该感光性糊剂组合物可以用于形成等离子体显示面板的隔壁图案、电介质图案、电极图案及黑色矩阵图案等烧成物图案。
实施例
以下,列举出实施例及比较例对本发明更详细地进行说明,但本发明并不限定于这些实施例等。
〔实施例1〕化合物1的合成
按照以下所示的路线,合成化合物1。
[化学式36]
(肟体1的合成)
在100ml四口烧瓶中加入1-(6-(3-环己基丙酰基)-9-乙基-9H-咔唑-3-基)辛烷-1-酮1.0eq.,溶解于二甲基甲酰胺(理论产量的350重量%)中。向其中加入4M·HCl-乙酸乙酯2.0eq.和亚硝酸异丁酯2.2eq.,在35℃下搅拌1小时。向反应液中加入甲基异丁基酮,用离子交换水洗涤3次后,利用硫酸镁使其干燥,浓缩。将残渣溶解于乙酸乙酯中,通过添加己烷而进行晶析,作为白色粉状化合物以收率79%得到肟体1。
(化合物1的合成)
在100ml四口烧瓶中加入1.0eq.肟体1、二氯甲烷(理论产量的500重量%)、三乙胺4.0eq.,在冰浴上在5℃下进行搅拌。向其中滴加使氯甲酸4-硝基苯酯2.2eq.溶解于二氯甲烷中而得到的溶液。滴加结束后,在室温下搅拌30分钟。再次在冰浴上冷却至5℃后,滴加哌啶2.2eq.。在室温下搅拌3小时,进行减压蒸馏除去溶剂。向其中加入甲苯和5质量%NaOH水溶液,进行油水分离。进一步将有机层用离子交换水进行3次洗涤后,进行浓缩。将残渣通过硅胶柱色谱法(洗脱剂:甲苯及乙酸乙酯=5:1)进行精制,作为黄色粘稠液状化合物以收率11%得到化合物1。化合物1在大气压下、25℃下为液状。将所得到的化合物的1H-NMR分析结果示于表2中。
〔实施例2〕化合物2的合成
按照以下所示的路线,合成化合物2。
[化学式37]
(肟体2的合成)
在100ml四口烧瓶中加入1,1’-(9-乙基-9H-咔唑-3,6-二基)双(辛烷-1-酮)1.0eq.,溶解于二甲基乙酰胺(理论产量的300重量%)中。在溶液中加入羟基氯化铵6.4eq.及氢氧化钠6.4eq.。将反应混合物在75℃下搅拌6小时。向反应液中加入氯仿,用离子交换水进行3次洗涤。通过将有机层冷却而再结晶化,作为白色粉状化合物以收率78%得到肟体2。
(化合物2的合成)
除了将实施例1中记载的肟体1变更为肟体2以外,通过与实施例1同样的操作进行至水洗工序。在浓缩后的残渣中加入乙醇而进行晶析,作为白色粉状化合物以收率20%得到目标物。进行所得到的化合物的TG-DTA(熔点)及1H-NMR分析。将结果示于表1及表2中。
〔实施例3〕化合物3的合成
按照以下所示的路线,合成化合物3。
[化学式38]
(肟体3的合成)
在100mL四口烧瓶中加入1,1’-(9H-芴-2,7-二基)双(已烷-1-酮)1.0eq.,溶解于二甲基乙酰胺(理论产量的300重量%)中。在溶液中加入羟基氯化铵2.5eq.及吡啶2.2eq.。将反应混合物在80℃下搅拌5小时。向反应液中加入乙酸乙酯,用离子交换水进行3次洗涤。在浓缩后的残渣中加入甲醇进行晶析,作为白色粉状化合物以收率80%得到目标物。
(化合物3的合成)
除了将实施例1中记载的肟体1变更为肟体3以外,通过与实施例1同样的操作进行至水洗工序。在浓缩后的残渣中加入甲醇进行晶析,作为淡黄色粉状化合物以收率74%得到目标物。进行所得到的化合物的TG-DTA(熔点)及1H-NMR分析。将结果示于表1及表2中。
[表1]
化合物名 | 熔点(℃) | |
实施例1 | 化合物1 | (液状) |
实施例2 | 化合物2 | 128 |
实施例3 | 化合物3 | 123 |
[表2]
〔实施例4以及比较例1〕聚合性组合物的制备
按照表3中记载的配方,得到聚合性组合物1以及比较聚合性组合物1。需要说明的是,表中的配合数值表示质量份。
另外,表中的各成分的符号表示下述的成分。
A-2:化合物2
A’-1:比较化合物1
B-1:EPPN-201(线性酚醛清漆型环氧树脂、环氧当量193g/eq.、日本化药公司制)
B-2:H-3M(酚醛树脂、羟基当量105~109g/eq.、明和化成公司制)
C-1:FZ-2122(聚醚改性聚硅氧烷、Dow Corning Toray公司制、1重量%PGMEA溶液)
D-1:环戊酮(溶剂)
[表3]
[化学式39]
比较化合物1
〔评价例1以及比较评价例1〕
对于聚合性组合物1及比较聚合性组合物1的固化物,通过下述步骤确认残膜的有无。将结果示于表4中。
将聚合性组合物1及比较聚合性组合物1分别使用旋涂机(500rpm×2秒→1000rpm×10秒→倾斜(slope)×0.5秒)在玻璃基材(10cm×10cm)上进行涂膜(涂布量约2mL),在烘箱中进行预烘烤(90℃×90秒),进行制膜。
对于各膜,将具有透射率连续地发生变化的阶调(gradation)的阶段式曝光表(33段型、OD值0~3)掩蔽,使用365nm换算照度20mW/cm2的汞灯,照射规定量的紫外光。
在曝光后,在烘箱中进行后烘烤(100℃×20分钟),进行显影(PGMEA、30秒)和冲洗(异丙醇、10秒)。
对于所得到的固化膜样品,通过目视来确认残存的膜的段数。
[表4]
由上述表4的结果明白,本申请发明的聚合性组合物与比较聚合性组合物相比,由于残段数多(固化性高),因此可以说相对于UV-LED光源为高感度,本发明的化合物作为聚合引发剂优异。
〔评价例2〕固化膜的外观确认
在实施例4中所示的配方中,制备将化合物2置换成化合物1的组合物(聚合性组合物2)。将其通过评价例1的步骤进行制膜,没有阶段式曝光表而进行膜整面的UV固化。进行了同样处理的比较聚合性组合物1的膜发生黄变,与此相对,聚合性组合物2没有曝光时的着色,得到无色透明的固化膜。因而,本申请发明的聚合性组合物与比较聚合性组合物相比着色性低(具有光退色性),作为固化材料具有优异的特性。
〔实施例5〕化合物4的合成
按照以下所示的路线,合成化合物4。
[化学式40]
(肟体4的合成)
在100ml四口烧瓶中加入1,1’-(硫代双(4,1-亚苯基))双(己烷-1-酮)1.0eq.,溶解于二甲基甲酰胺(理论产量的400重量%)中。在溶液中加入羟基氯化铵2.6eq.及吡啶2.6eq.。将反应混合物在55℃下加热搅拌7小时后,加入离子交换水,用乙酸乙酯进行萃取。将有机层用离子交换水进行3次洗涤,利用硫酸镁使其干燥,进行浓缩。向其中加入1,2-二氯乙烷(理论产量的2000重量%),进行再结晶,以白色粉体以收率77%得到肟体4。
(化合物4的合成)
在100ml四口烧瓶中加入1.0eq.肟体4、二氯乙烷(理论产量的600重量%)、三乙胺4.0eq.,在冰浴上在5℃下进行搅拌。向其中滴加将氯甲酸4-硝基苯酯3.0eq.溶解于二氯乙烷(理论产量的300重量%)中而得到的溶液。滴加结束后,在室温下进行1小时搅拌。再次在冰浴上冷却至5℃后,滴加苯胺3.0eq.。在室温下搅拌1小时,进行减压蒸馏除去溶剂。向其中加入乙酸乙酯和离子交换水,进行油水分离。进一步将有机层用1质量%氢氧化钠水溶液进行3次洗涤,用离子交换水进行2次洗涤,利用硫酸镁使其干燥,进行浓缩。将残渣通过硅胶柱色谱法(洗脱剂=乙酸乙酯:甲苯=1:25)进行精制,作为白色粉状化合物以收率57%得到目标物。进行所得到的化合物的TG-DTA(熔点)及1H-NMR分析。将结果示于表5及表6中。
〔实施例6〕
(化合物5的合成)
除了将实施例5中记载的苯胺变更为4-甲基哌啶以外,通过与实施例5同样的操作进行至水洗工序。将浓缩后的残渣通过硅胶柱色谱法(洗脱剂=乙酸乙酯:甲苯=1:5)进行精制,作为淡黄色粘稠液状化合物以收率80%得到目标物。进行所得到的化合物的1H-NMR分析。将结果示于表6中。
[化学式41]
〔实施例7〕
按照以下所示的路线,合成化合物6。
[化学式42]
(肟体6的合成)
在100ml四口烧瓶中加入1,1’-(硫代双(4,1-亚苯基))双(己烷-1-酮)1.0eq.,溶解于二甲基甲酰胺(理论产量的350重量%)中。向其中加入4M·HCl-乙酸乙酯2.0eq.和亚硝酸异丁酯2.5eq.,在45℃下进行3小时搅拌。向反应液中加入乙酸乙酯,用离子交换水进行4次洗涤后,利用硫酸镁使其干燥,进行浓缩。将残渣通过硅胶柱色谱法(洗脱剂=乙酸乙酯:己烷=1:5)进行精制,以淡黄色固体以收率72%得到目标物。
(化合物6的合成)
除了将实施例5中记载的肟体4变更为肟体6、将苯胺变更为二丁基胺以外,通过与实施例5同样的操作进行至水洗工序。将浓缩后的残渣通过硅胶柱色谱法(洗脱剂=乙酸乙酯:甲苯=1:20)进行精制,作为淡黄色粘稠液状化合物以收率5%得到目标物。进行所得到的化合物的1H-NMR分析。将结果示于表6中。
[表5]
化合物名 | 熔点(℃) | |
实施例5 | 化合物4 | 158 |
实施例6 | 化合物5 | (液状) |
实施例7 | 化合物6 | (液状) |
[表6]
产业上的可利用性
本发明的氨基甲酰肟化合物具有高的光产碱效率,在作为聚合引发剂使用的情况下,与以往的光产碱剂相比能够有效地产生碱,因此即使以低曝光量也能够使聚合性化合物固化。特别是在用于含有环氧树脂或酚醛树脂的固化性树脂组合物的情况下,显示出高的固化性。
Claims (9)
1.一种氨基甲酰肟化合物,其以下述通式(I)表示,
式中,A表示无取代或具有取代基的碳原子数为6~20的含芳香环基团,
R1及R2分别独立地表示氢原子、氰基、无取代或具有取代基的碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基或无取代或具有取代基的碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基,
X1及X2分别独立地表示-NR3R4、或下述式(a)或下述式(b)所表示的基团,
R3及R4分别独立地表示氢原子、无取代或具有取代基的碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基或无取代或具有取代基的碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基,
R3及R4也可以彼此连接而形成由氢原子、氮原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为2~10的环或由氢原子、氧原子、氮原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为2~10的环,
在R3及R4存在多个的情况下,它们可以相同也可以不同,
n表示0或1,m表示0或1,
式中,R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17、R18、R19及R20分别独立地表示氢原子、无取代或具有取代基的碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基或无取代或具有取代基的碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基,
R11与R12、R13与R14、R15与R16、R17与R18及R19与R20也可以彼此连接而形成由氢原子、氮原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为2~10的环或由氢原子、氧原子、氮原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为2~10的环,
在R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17、R18、R19及R20存在多个的情况下,它们可以相同也可以不同,
*表示键合部位。
2.根据权利要求1所述的氨基甲酰肟化合物,其中,通式(I)中的A为下述通式(A-1)、(A-2)、(A-3)、(A-4)、(A-5)或(A-6)所表示的基团,
式中,R21、R22、R23、R24、R25、R26、R27、R28、R29及R30分别独立地表示键合部位、氢原子、卤素原子、氰基、硝基、-OR31、-COOR31、-CO-R31、-SR31、碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基、碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团,
R21与R22、R22与R23、R23与R24、R24与R25、R26与R27、R27与R28、R28与R29、R29与R30也可以分别独立地互相连接而形成由氢原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为3~10的环,
R21、R22、R23、R24、R25、R26、R27、R28、R29及R30中的任意两者表示键合部位,
R31表示碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基或碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基,
R21、R22、R23、R24、R25、R26、R27、R28、R29及R30也可以是-OR31、-COOR31、-CO-R31、-SR31、碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基、碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团中的氢原子被卤素原子、硝基、氰基、羟基、氨基、羧基、甲基丙烯酰基、丙烯酰基、环氧基、乙烯基、乙烯基醚基、巯基、异氰酸酯基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团取代而得到的基团,
式中,R40表示氢原子、碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基或碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基,
R41、R42、R43、R44、R45、R46、R47及R48分别独立地表示键合部位、氢原子、卤素原子、氰基、硝基、-OR49、-COOR49、-CO-R49、-SR49、碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基、碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团,
R41与R42、R42与R43、R43与R44、R45与R46、R46与R47、R47与R48也可以分别独立地互相连接而形成由氢原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为3~10的环,
R41、R42、R43、R44、R45、R46、R47及R48中的任意两者表示键合部位,
R49表示碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基或碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基,
R41、R42、R43、R44、R45、R46、R47及R48也可以是-OR49、-COOR49、-CO-R49、-SR49、碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基、碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团中的氢原子被卤素原子、硝基、氰基、羟基、氨基、羧基、甲基丙烯酰基、丙烯酰基、环氧基、乙烯基、乙烯基醚基、巯基、异氰酸酯基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团取代而得到的基团,
式中,R51及R52分别独立地表示氢原子、碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基或碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基,
R53、R54、R55、R56、R57、R58、R59及R60分别独立地表示键合部位、氢原子、卤素原子、氰基、硝基、-OR61、-COOR61、-CO-R61、-SR61、碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基、碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团,
R53与R54、R54与R55、R55与R56、R57与R58、R58与R59、R59与R60也可以分别独立地互相连接而形成由氢原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为3~10的环,
R53、R54、R55、R56、R57、R58、R59及R60中的任意两者表示键合部位,
R61表示碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基或碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基,
R51、R52、R53、R54、R55、R56、R57、R58、R59、R60及R61也可以是-OR61、-COOR61、-CO-R61、-SR61、碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基、碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团中的氢原子被卤素原子、硝基、氰基、羟基、氨基、羧基、甲基丙烯酰基、丙烯酰基、环氧基、乙烯基、乙烯基醚基、巯基、异氰酸酯基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团取代而得到的基团,
式中,R71表示氢原子、碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基或碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基,
R71也可以是碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基或碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基中的氢原子被卤素原子、硝基、氰基、羟基、氨基、羧基、甲基丙烯酰基、丙烯酰基、环氧基、乙烯基、乙烯基醚基、巯基、异氰酸酯基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团取代而得到的基团,
R72、R73、R74、R75、R76及R77分别独立地表示键合部位、氢原子、卤素原子、氰基、硝基、-OR78、-COOR78、-CO-R78、-SR78、碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基、碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团,
R74与R75、R75与R76、R76与R77也可以分别独立地互相连接而形成由氢原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为3~10的环,
R72、R73、R74、R75、R76及R77中的任意两者表示键合部位,
R78表示碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基或碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基,
R72、R73、R74、R75、R76及R77也可以是-OR78、-COOR78、-CO-R78、-SR78、碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基、碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团中的氢原子被卤素原子、硝基、氰基、羟基、氨基、羧基、甲基丙烯酰基、丙烯酰基、环氧基、乙烯基、乙烯基醚基、巯基、异氰酸酯基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团取代而得到的基团,
式中,R81、R82、R83、R84、R85及R86分别独立地表示键合部位、氢原子、卤素原子、氰基、硝基、-OR87、-COOR87、-CO-R87、-SR87、碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基、碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团,
R83与R84、R84与R85、R85与R86也可以分别独立地互相连接而形成由氢原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为3~10的环,
R81、R82、R83、R84、R85及R86中的任意两者表示键合部位,
R87表示碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基或碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基,
R81、R82、R83、R84、R85及R86也可以是-OR87、-COOR87、-CO-R87、-SR87、碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基、碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团中的氢原子被卤素原子、硝基、氰基、羟基、氨基、羧基、甲基丙烯酰基、丙烯酰基、环氧基、乙烯基、乙烯基醚基、巯基、异氰酸酯基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团取代而得到的基团,
式中,R91、R92、R93、R94、R95、R96、R97、R98、R99及R100分别独立地表示键合部位、氢原子、卤素原子、氰基、硝基、-OR101、-COOR101、-CO-R101、-SR101、碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基、碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团,
R91与R92、R92与R93、R93与R94、R94与R95、R96与R97、R97与R98、R98与R99、R99与R100也可以分别独立地互相连接而形成由氢原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为3~10的环,
R91、R92、R93、R94、R95、R96、R97、R98、R99及R100中的任意两者表示键合部位,
R101表示碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基或碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基,
R91、R92、R93、R94、R95、R96、R97、R98、R99及R100也可以是-OR101、-COOR101、-CO-R101、-SR101、碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基、碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团中的氢原子被卤素原子、硝基、氰基、羟基、氨基、羧基、甲基丙烯酰基、丙烯酰基、环氧基、乙烯基、乙烯基醚基、巯基、异氰酸酯基或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环基团取代而得到的基团。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的氨基甲酰肟化合物,其中,所述通式(I)中的X1及X2中的至少一者为-NR3R4,R3及R4彼此连接而形成由氢原子、氮原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为2~10的环或由氢原子、氧原子、氮原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为2~10的环。
4.一种潜在性产碱剂,其含有权利要求1~3中任一项所述的氨基甲酰肟化合物。
5.一种聚合引发剂,其含有权利要求1~3中任一项所述的氨基甲酰肟化合物。
6.一种聚合性组合物,其含有权利要求1~3中任一项所述的氨基甲酰肟化合物及聚合性化合物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的聚合性组合物,其中,所述聚合性化合物为环氧树脂或烯键式不饱和化合物、或者包含环氧树脂和酚醛树脂的混合物、包含环氧树脂和硫醇化合物的混合物或包含烯键式不饱和化合物和硫醇化合物的混合物。
8.一种固化物,其是权利要求6或7所述的聚合性组合物的固化物。
9.一种固化物的制造方法,其具有对权利要求6或7所述的聚合性组合物照射能量射线的工序。
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- 2020-04-03 CN CN202080009562.6A patent/CN113302180A/zh active Pending
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KR20210148071A (ko) | 2021-12-07 |
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