CN113631540A - 氨基甲酰肟化合物以及含有该化合物的聚合引发剂及聚合性组合物 - Google Patents
氨基甲酰肟化合物以及含有该化合物的聚合引发剂及聚合性组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113631540A CN113631540A CN202080024419.4A CN202080024419A CN113631540A CN 113631540 A CN113631540 A CN 113631540A CN 202080024419 A CN202080024419 A CN 202080024419A CN 113631540 A CN113631540 A CN 113631540A
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- 239000001018 xanthene dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- NDKWCCLKSWNDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;dioxido(dioxo)chromium Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O NDKWCCLKSWNDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明的课题在于提供具有高的光产碱效率的化合物。本发明为下述通式(I)所示的氨基甲酰肟化合物。(式中,R1表示氢原子、氰基或碳原子数为1~20的烃基,R2表示氢原子或碳原子数为1~20的烃基,R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8及R9各自独立地表示氢原子、卤素原子、氰基、硝基、碳原子数为1~20的烃基、或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环的基团等,R3与R4、R6与R7、R7与R8及R8与R9中的至少1组相互连结而形成苯环,n表示0或1。)
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及氨基甲酰肟化合物。
背景技术
通常,感光性树脂组合物等聚合性组合物是在感光性树脂等聚合性化合物中加入光聚合引发剂而成的组合物,可以通过能量射线(光)照射进行聚合固化或显影,因此用于光固化性油墨、感光性印刷版、各种光致抗蚀剂、光固化性粘接剂等。
光聚合引发剂根据通过能量射线(光)照射而产生的活性种的不同而被分为光自由基产生剂、光产酸剂、光产碱剂。光自由基产生剂具有固化速度快、固化后活性种不残留等优点,另一方面,存在下述缺点:由于发生由氧导致的固化阻碍,因此必须在薄膜的固化中设置阻断氧的层等。光产酸剂具有不会受到由氧导致的阻碍的优点,另一方面,存在因残留活性种的酸而使金属基板腐蚀、或使固化后的树脂改性等缺点。光产碱剂不易产生上述的由氧导致的固化阻碍及由残存活性种引起的腐蚀的问题,因此受到关注,但通常与光产酸剂相比,存在低感度(低固化性)的问题。光产碱剂例如记载于专利文献1及2中。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:US9594302
专利文献2:日本特开2013-163670号公报
发明内容
但是,以往的光产碱剂的产碱效率低,固化感度不充分。
因此,本发明的课题在于提供具有高的光产碱效率的化合物。
本发明人进行了深入研究,发现特定结构的化合物具有高的光产碱效率,作为聚合引发剂是有用的。
即,本发明为下述通式(I)所示的氨基甲酰肟化合物。
[化学结构式1]
(式中,R1表示氢原子、卤素原子、硝基、氰基、碳原子数为1~20的烃基、或烃基中的亚甲基被选自下述<组A>中的2价基团取代而成的碳原子数为1~20的基团,
R2表示氢原子、碳原子数为1~20的烃基、或烃基中的亚甲基被选自下述<组A>中的2价基团取代而成的碳原子数为1~20的基团,
R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8及R9各自独立地表示氢原子、卤素原子、氰基、硝基、-OR10、-COOR10、-CO-R10、-SR10、碳原子数为1~20的烃基、或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环的基团,
R10表示氢原子、碳原子数为1~20的烃基、碳原子数为2~20的含杂环的基团、或烃基中的亚甲基被选自下述<组A>中的2价基团取代而成的碳原子数为1~20的基团,在分子中存在多个R10的情况下,它们可以相同也可以不同,
X1表示-NR21R22、或下述通式(a)或下述通式(b)所示的基团,
R21及R22各自独立地表示氢原子、碳原子数为1~20的烃基、或烃基中的亚甲基被选自下述<组A>中的2价基团取代而成的碳原子数为1~20的基团,
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10、R21及R22可以为烃基中的1个或2个以上的氢原子被卤素原子、氰基、硝基、羟基、-OR11、-COOR11、-CO-R11或-SR11取代而成的碳原子数为1~20的基团,
R11表示氢原子、碳原子数为1~20的烃基、烃基中的亚甲基被选自下述<组A>中的2价基团取代而成的碳原子数为1~20的基团、或烃基中的1个或2个以上的氢原子被卤素原子、氰基、硝基或羟基取代而成的碳原子数为1~20的基团,在分子中存在多个R11的情况下,它们可以相同也可以不同,
<组A>为-O-、-CO-、-COO-、-NR12-、-NR12CO-及-S-,
R12表示氢原子或碳原子数为1~20的烃基,在分子中存在多个R12的情况下,它们可以相同也可以不同,
R3与R4、R6与R7、R7与R8及R8与R9可以各自独立地相互连结,形成由氢原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为3~10的环,
R3与R4、R6与R7、R7与R8及R8与R9中的至少1组相互连结而形成苯环,
R21与R22可相互连结而形成由氢原子、氮原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为2~10的环、或由氢原子、氧原子、氮原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为2~10的环,
n表示0或1。)
[化学结构式2]
(式中,R31、R32、R33、R34、R35、R36、R37、R38、R39及R40各自独立地表示氢原子、碳原子数为1~20的烃基、或烃基中的亚甲基被选自下述<组B>中的2价基团取代而成的碳原子数为1~20的基团,
R31、R32、R33、R34、R35、R36、R37、R38、R39及R40可以为烃基中的1个或2个以上的氢原子被卤素原子、氰基、硝基、羟基、-OR41、-COOR41、-CO-R41或-SR41取代而成的碳原子数为1~20的基团,
R41表示氢原子或碳原子数为1~20的烃基,在基团中存在多个R41的情况下,它们可以相同也可以不同,
<组B>为-O-、-CO-、-COO-、-NR42-、-NR42CO-及-S-,
R42表示氢原子或碳原子数为1~20的烃基,在基团中存在多个R42的情况下,它们可以相同也可以不同,
R31与R32、R33与R34、R35与R36、R37与R38、及R39与R40可以各自独立地相互连结,形成由氢原子、氮原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为2~10的环、或由氢原子、氧原子、氮原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为2~10的环,
*表示键合端。)
具体实施方式
以下,对本发明进行详细说明。
本发明的氨基甲酰肟化合物是由上述通式(I)表示的化合物。上述通式(I)所示的氨基甲酰肟化合物中存在基于肟的双键的几何异构体,但并不对它们进行区别。
即,在本说明书中,上述通式(I)所示的氨基甲酰肟化合物、以及后述的作为该化合物的优选方式的化合物及例示化合物表示异构体的混合物或任一者,并不限定于所示的结构的异构体。
以下,也将上述通式(I)所表示的氨基甲酰肟化合物简称为“通式(I)所表示的化合物”或“本发明的化合物”。
作为上述通式(I)、上述通式(a)及上述通式(b)中的卤素原子,可举出氟原子、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子。
作为上述通式(I)、上述通式(a)及上述通式(b)中的碳原子数为1~20的烃基,可举出碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基及碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基。
作为上述碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基,例如,可举出甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、异戊基、叔戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、异辛基、2-乙基己基、叔辛基、壬基、异壬基、癸基、异癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基、十四烷基、十六烷基、十八烷基、二十烷基等烷基;环戊基、环己基等环烷基;及环己基甲基等环烷基烷基、以及将这些基团的碳-碳单键置换成碳-碳双键或碳-碳三键而成的结构的不饱和脂肪族烃基等。
作为上述碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基,例如可举出苯基、甲苯基、二甲苯基、均三甲苯基、苄基、萘基、菲基、芘基以及联苯基等。
作为R1~R10、R21及R22所示的烃基中的1个或2个以上的氢原子被卤素原子、氰基、硝基、羟基、-OR11、-COOR11、-CO-R11或-SR11取代而成的碳原子数为1~20的基团,可举出上述碳原子数为1~20的烃基中的1个或2个以上的氢原子被卤素原子、氰基、硝基、羟基、-OR11、-COOR11、-CO-R11或-SR11取代的结构、且整体的碳原子数为1~20的基团。另外,作为R11所示的烃基中的1个或2个以上的氢原子被卤素原子、氰基、硝基、羟基取代而成的碳原子数为1~20的基团,可举出上述碳原子数为1~20的烃基中的1个或2个以上的氢原子被卤素原子、氰基、硝基、羟基取代而成的结构、且整体的碳原子数为1~20的基团。
作为R1~R11、R21及R22所示的烃基中的亚甲基被选自上述<组A>中的2价基团取代而成的碳原子数为1~20的基团,可以举出上述碳原子数为1~20的烃基中的1个或2个以上的亚甲基被-O-、-CO-、-COO-、-NR12-、-NR12CO-或-S-取代而成的结构、且整体的碳原子数为1~20的基团。
作为R31~R40所示的烃基中的1个或2个以上的氢原子被卤素原子、氰基、硝基、羟基、-OR41、-COOR41、-CO-R41或-SR41取代而成的碳原子数为1~20的基团,可举出上述碳原子数为1~20的烃基中的1个或2个以上的氢原子被卤素原子、氰基、硝基、羟基、-OR41、-COOR41、-CO-R41或-SR41取代而成的结构、且整体的碳原子数为1~20的基团。
作为R31~R40所示的烃基中的亚甲基被选自上述<组B>中的2价基团取代而成的碳原子数为1~20的基团,可以举出上述碳原子数为1~20的烃基中的1个或2个以上的亚甲基被-O-、-CO-、-COO-、-NR42-、-NR42CO-或-S-取代而成的结构、且整体的碳原子数为1~20的基团。
作为上述通式(I)中的碳原子数为2~20的含杂环的基团,例如,可以举出四氢呋喃基、二氧戊环基、四氢吡喃基、吗啉基、呋喃基、噻吩基、甲基噻吩基、己基噻吩基、苯并噻吩基、吡咯基、吡咯烷基、咪唑基、咪唑啉基、咪唑烷基、吡唑啉基、吡唑烷基、哌啶基及哌嗪基等杂环基、以及含有这些基团的基团等。
另外,碳原子数为2~20的含杂环的基团可以具有卤素原子、氰基、硝基、羟基、-OR50、-COOR50、-CO-R50或-SR50等取代基,也可以含有-O-、-CO-、-COO-、-NR51、-NR51CO-或-S-等结构。
此处,R50及R51各自独立地表示氢原子或碳原子数为1~20的烃基。R50及R51所表示的碳原子数为1~20的烃基与上述通式(I)、上述通式(a)及上述通式(b)中的碳原子数为1~20的烃基相同。
作为上述通式(I)中的R3与R4、R6与R7、R7与R8及R8与R9相互连结而形成的、由氢原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为3~10的环,可举出苯环、环己烯环、环己烷环、环戊二烯环、环戊烷环等。另外,这些环可以具有取代基,作为此时的取代基,可以举出上述碳原子数为2~20的含杂环的基团可以具有的取代基。
作为上述通式(I)、上述通式(a)及上述通式(b)中的R21与R22、R31与R32、R33与R34、R35与R36、R37与R38、及R39与R40相互连结而形成的、由氢原子、氮原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为2~10的环,作为包含键合的氮原子的环,可举出吡咯环、吡咯烷环、咪唑环、咪唑烷环、咪唑啉环、吡唑环、吡唑烷环、哌啶环、哌嗪环等。这些环可以具有取代基,作为此时的取代基,可以举出上述碳原子数为2~20的含杂环的基团可以具有的取代基。
作为上述通式(I)、上述通式(a)及上述通式(b)中的R21与R22、R31与R32、R33与R34、R35与R36、R37与R38、及R39与R40相互连结而形成的、由氢原子、氧原子、氮原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为2~10的环,作为包含键合的氮原子的环,可举出吗啉环、噁唑环、噁唑啉环、噁二唑环等。这些环可以具有取代基,作为此时的取代基,可以举出上述碳原子数为2~20的含杂环的基团可以具有的取代基。
通式(I)中的R1为碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基的氨基甲酰肟化合物由于所得到的聚合性组合物以低曝光量固化,因此优选,特别优选含有苯环的碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基的氨基甲酰肟化合物。另外,上述R1为碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基的情况下,所得到的聚合性组合物也以低曝光量固化,因此优选。
本发明中,从对溶剂的溶解性优异的方面出发,优选通式(I)中的R2为碳原子数为1~10的脂肪族烃基的氨基甲酰肟化合物,特别优选为碳原子数为1~10的具有支链的烷基。
上述通式(I)中的R3与R4、或R8与R9相互连结而形成苯环的氨基甲酰肟化合物由于所得到的聚合性组合物以低曝光量固化,因此优选。
通式(I)中的X1为-NR21R22、R21与R22相互连结而形成由氢原子、氮原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为2~10的环或由氢原子、氧原子、氮原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为2~10的环的氨基甲酰肟化合物由于产碱效率高,因而优选,更优选形成由氢原子、氮原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为2~6的环或由氢原子、氧原子、氮原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为2~6的环。
特别优选R21与R22相互连结而形成由氢原子、氮原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为2~6的环,进一步优选形成哌啶环或吡咯烷环。
另外,通式(I)中的X1为-NR21R22的氨基甲酰肟化合物中,R21为氢原子、R22为碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基、以及R21及R22均为碳原子数为1~20的脂肪族烃基的情况下,产碱效率高,因此优选。
R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8及R9中的一个以上为-CO-R10、R10为碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基的氨基甲酰肟化合物由于所得到的聚合性组合物以低曝光量固化,因而优选,特别优选R7为-CO-R10、R10为含有苯环的碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基的氨基甲酰肟化合物。
上述通式(I)中的n为0的氨基甲酰肟化合物对热的稳定性高,因此优选。
上述通式(I)中的n为1的氨基甲酰肟化合物由于所得到的聚合性组合物以低曝光量固化,因此优选。
本发明中最优选的是,通式(I)中的R1为碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基、R2为碳原子数为1~10的具有支链的烷基、R8与R9相互连结而形成苯环、X1为-NR21R22、R21与R22相互连结而形成由氢原子、氮原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为2~10的环、R7为-CO-R10、R10为碳原子数为6~20的芳香族烃基、n为0的氨基甲酰肟化合物。
作为上述通式(I)所表示的氨基甲酰肟化合物的具体例,可举出以下的化学式(1)~(52)所示的化合物。但是,本发明并不受以下的化合物的任何限制。
[化学结构式3]
[化学结构式4]
[化学结构式5]
[化学结构式6]
[化学结构式7]
[化学结构式8]
上述通式(I)所示的本发明的氨基甲酰肟化合物的制造方法没有特别限定,例如,R8与R9相互连结而形成苯环、X1为-NR21R22、n=0的情况下,可以按照下述反应式1通过以下的方法制造。
即,通过使公知的酮化合物及盐酸羟胺在吡啶等碱的存在下反应,得到肟化合物。接着,使氯甲酸4-硝基苯酯与肟化合物反应,接着使胺反应,由此得到本发明的氨基甲酰肟化合物。
[化学结构式9]
反应式1
(式中,R1~R7、R21及R22与上述通式(I)相同。)
上述反应式1表示X1为-NR21R22的情况,但通过变更所使用的胺,也能够制造X1为上述通式(a)或上述通式(b)所示的基团的化合物。
肟化合物也可以通过日本专利第4223071号公报中记载的方法来制造。
本发明的氨基甲酰肟化合物由于通过紫外线等的光照射或加热而有效地产生碱及自由基,因此作为潜伏性产碱剂及聚合引发剂是有用的,特别是作为聚合引发剂是有用的。
本发明的潜伏性产碱剂是指含有具有通过照射紫外线等光而高效地产生碱的功能的化合物的组合物,作为其用途,可举出pH调节剂、利用碱的催化剂等。
另外,本发明的氨基甲酰肟化合物在上述聚合引发剂中,由光照射产生的碱及自由基的产生效率高,因此作为光产碱剂及光自由基聚合引发剂是有用的,由于产碱效率非常高,因此特别是作为光产碱剂是有用的。
本发明的聚合引发剂含有至少1种上述通式(I)所示的氨基甲酰肟化合物。作为能够与上述通式(I)所示的氨基甲酰肟化合物并用的聚合引发剂,没有特别限制,可以举出以往已知的光产碱剂及光自由基聚合引发剂。
从所得到的聚合性组合物以低曝光量固化的方面出发,上述聚合引发剂中的上述通式(I)所示的化合物的含量优选为1~100质量%,更优选为50~100质量%。
本发明的聚合性组合物包含:含有至少1种上述通式(I)所示的氨基甲酰肟化合物的聚合引发剂(A)、及聚合性化合物(B)。
从所得到的聚合性组合物以低曝光量固化的方面出发,聚合引发剂(A)的含量相对于聚合性化合物(B)100质量份,优选为1~20质量份,更优选为1~10质量份。通过使聚合引发剂(A)的含量为1质量份以上,容易防止由固化感度不足引起的固化不良,因此优选,通过设为20质量份以下,能够抑制光照射时或加热时的挥发物,因此优选。
作为本发明中使用的聚合性化合物(B),可举出具有阴离子聚合性官能团的化合物、通过碱作为催化剂起作用的反应或碱加成的反应而固化的化合物、及自由基聚合性化合物,从所得的聚合性组合物以低曝光量固化的方面考虑,优选为通过照射紫外线等能量射线进行聚合而固化的感光性树脂或固化温度低温化的固化树脂。上述阴离子聚合性官能团是指能够通过利用紫外线等活性能量射线从光产碱剂产生的碱进行聚合的官能团,例如可以举出环氧基、环硫基、环状单体(σ-戊内酯、ε-己内酰胺)、丙二酸酯等。作为碱作为催化剂起作用的反应或碱加成的反应,可举出通过异氰酸酯与醇进行的氨基甲酸酯键形成反应、环氧树脂与含有羟基的化合物的加成反应、环氧树脂与含有羧酸基的化合物的加成反应、环氧树脂与硫醇化合物的加成反应、(甲基)丙烯酰基的迈克尔加成反应、聚酰胺酸的脱水缩合反应、烷氧基硅烷的水解·缩聚反应等。
作为具有阴离子聚合性官能团的化合物,例如可举出环氧树脂、氧杂环丁烷树脂、环硫树脂、环状酰胺(内酰胺系化合物)、环状酯(内酯系化合物)、环状碳酸酯系化合物、丙二酸酯等。作为通过碱作为催化剂发挥作用的反应或碱加成的反应而固化的化合物,例如可举出聚酰胺树脂(利用脱水环化的聚酰亚胺化反应)、环氧·羟基系(开环加成反应)、环氧·羧酸系(开环加成反应)、环氧·硫醇系(开环加成反应)、环氧·酸酐系(开环缩聚反应)、氰酸酯(三嗪环化反应)、氰酸酯·环氧系(环化反应)、氰酸酯·马来酰亚胺系(交联共聚)、氧杂环丁烷·羟基系(开环加成反应)、氧杂环丁烷·羧酸系(开环加成反应)、氧杂环丁烷·硫醇系(开环加成反应)、氧杂环丁烷·酸酐系(开环缩聚)、环硫·羟基系(开环加成反应)、环硫·羧酸系(开环加成反应)、环硫·硫醇系(开环加成反应)、环硫·酸酐系(开环缩聚)、丙烯酸·硫醇系(迈克尔加成反应)、甲基丙烯酸·硫醇系(迈克尔加成反应)、丙烯酸·胺系(迈克尔加成反应)、甲基丙烯酸·胺系(迈克尔加成反应)、羧酸·羟基系(聚酯化反应)、羧酸·胺系(聚酰胺化反应)、异氰酸酯·羟基系(聚氨酯化反应)、异氰酸酯·硫醇系(聚硫代氨基甲酸酯化反应)、烷氧基硅烷系(水解·缩聚)等。作为通过自由基进行聚合的化合物,可举出烯键式不饱和化合物。从反应性高的方面出发,优选使用进行自由基聚合的化合物。这些树脂可以单独使用,也可以并用2种以上。作为优选的组合,从迅速进行反应、粘接性良好的方面考虑,可举出环氧树脂与酚醛树脂的组合,从低温固化性优异的方面考虑,可举出环氧树脂与硫醇化合物的组合,从反应性高的方面考虑,可举出烯键式不饱和化合物与硫醇化合物的组合。
上述环氧树脂只要具有环氧基即可,但不包括本发明的氨基甲酰肟化合物。作为上述环氧树脂,例如可以举出氢醌、间苯二酚、邻苯二酚、间苯三酚等单核多元酚化合物的聚缩水甘油醚化合物;二羟基萘、联苯酚、亚甲基双酚(双酚F)、亚甲基双(邻甲酚)、亚乙基双酚、异亚丙基双酚(双酚A)、4,4’-二羟基二苯甲酮、异亚丙基双(邻甲酚)、四溴双酚A、1,3-双(4-羟基异丙苯基苯)、1,4-双(4-羟基异丙苯基苯)、1,1,3-三(4-羟基苯基)丁烷、1,1,2,2-四(4-羟基苯基)乙烷、硫代双酚、磺基双酚、氧代双酚、苯酚酚醛清漆树脂、邻甲酚醛清漆树脂、乙基苯酚酚醛清漆树脂、丁基苯酚酚醛清漆树脂、辛基苯酚酚醛清漆树脂、间苯二酚酚醛清漆树脂、萜烯酚等多核多元酚化合物的聚缩水甘油醚化合物;乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、己二醇、聚二醇、硫代二甘醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、山梨糖醇、双酚A-环氧乙烷加成物等多元醇类的聚缩水甘油醚;马来酸、富马酸、衣康酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、辛二酸、己二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、二聚酸、三聚酸、邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、偏苯三酸、均苯三酸、均苯四酸、四氢邻苯二甲酸、六氢邻苯二甲酸、桥亚甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸等脂肪族、芳香族或脂环族多元酸的缩水甘油酯类、以及甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的均聚物或共聚物;N,N-二缩水甘油基苯胺、双(4-(N-甲基-N-缩水甘油基氨基)苯基)甲烷、二缩水甘油基邻甲苯胺等具有缩水甘油基氨基的环氧化合物;乙烯基环己烯二环氧化物、二环戊烷二烯二环氧化物、3,4-环氧环己基甲基-3,4-环氧环己烷羧酸酯、3,4-环氧-6-甲基环己基甲基-6-甲基环己烷羧酸酯、双(3,4-环氧-6-甲基环己基甲基)己二酸酯等环状烯烃化合物的环氧化物;环氧化聚丁二烯、环氧化丙烯腈-丁二烯共聚物、环氧化苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物等环氧化共轭二烯聚合物、三缩水甘油基异氰脲酸酯等杂环化合物。另外,这些环氧树脂也可以是通过末端异氰酸酯的预聚物进行内部交联而成的树脂、或者通过多元的活性氢化合物(多元酚、多胺、含羰基化合物、聚磷酸酯等)进行高分子量化而成的树脂。
上述环氧树脂中,从所得的聚合性组合物的固化性优异的方面出发,优选具有缩水甘油基的环氧树脂,更优选具有2官能以上的缩水甘油基的环氧树脂。
上述酚醛树脂只要具有酚性羟基即可,但不包括上述氨基甲酰肟化合物及环氧树脂。作为酚醛树脂,从得到的聚合性组合物的固化性优异的方面出发,优选1分子中具有2个以上羟基的酚醛树脂,可以使用通常公知的酚醛树脂。作为酚醛树脂,例如可以举出双酚A型酚醛树脂、双酚E型酚醛树脂、双酚F型酚醛树脂、双酚S型酚醛树脂、苯酚酚醛清漆树脂、双酚A酚醛清漆型酚醛树脂、缩水甘油酯型酚醛树脂、芳烷基酚醛清漆型酚醛树脂、联苯芳烷基型酚醛树脂、甲酚酚醛清漆型酚醛树脂、多官能酚醛树脂、萘酚树脂、萘酚酚醛清漆树脂、多官能萘酚树脂、蒽型酚醛树脂、萘骨架改性酚醛清漆型酚醛树脂、苯酚芳烷基型酚醛树脂、萘酚芳烷基型酚醛树脂、二环戊二烯型酚醛树脂、联苯型酚醛树脂、脂环式酚醛树脂、多元醇型酚醛树脂、含磷酚醛树脂、含有聚合性不饱和烃基的酚醛树脂及含羟基的有机硅树脂类,没有特别限制。这些酚醛树脂可以单独使用1种或组合使用2种以上。
上述硫醇化合物只要具有硫醇基即可,但不包括上述氨基甲酰肟化合物、环氧树脂及酚醛树脂。硫醇化合物中,从所得的聚合性组合物的固化性优异的方面出发,优选在1分子中具有2个以上硫醇基的化合物。
作为硫醇化合物的优选的具体例,为双(2-巯基乙基)硫醚、2,5-二巯基甲基-1,4-二噻烷、1,3-双(巯基甲基)苯、1,4-双(巯基甲基)苯、4-巯基甲基-1,8-二巯基-3,6-二硫杂辛烷、4,8-二巯基甲基-1,11-二巯基-3,6,9-三硫杂十一烷、4,7-二巯基甲基-1,11-二巯基-3,6,9-三硫杂十一烷、5,7-二巯基甲基-1,11-二巯基-3,6,9-三硫杂十一烷、1,2,6,7-四巯基-4-硫杂庚烷、季戊四硫醇、1,1,3,3-四(巯基甲硫基)丙烷、季戊四醇四巯基丙酸酯、季戊四醇四巯基乙酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三巯基乙酸酯、及三羟甲基丙烷三巯基丙酸酯,更优选可举出1,2,6,7-四巯基-4-硫杂庚烷、季戊四硫醇、双(2-巯基乙基)硫醚、2,5-双(2-巯基甲基)-1,4-二噻烷、4-巯基甲基-1,8-二巯基-3,6-二硫杂辛烷、1,3-双(巯基甲基)苯、季戊四醇四巯基丙酸酯及季戊四醇四巯基乙酸酯。
特别优选的化合物为1,2,6,7-四巯基-4-硫杂庚烷、季戊四硫醇、双(2-巯基乙基)硫醚、2,5-二巯基甲基-1,4-二噻烷、及4-巯基甲基-1,8-二巯基-3,6-二硫杂辛烷。
硫醇化合物可以单独使用1种或组合使用2种以上。
作为上述聚酰胺树脂,可举出以下述酸二酐和下述二胺为原料的树脂,作为酸二酐,可以是亚乙基四羧酸二酐、1,2,3,4-苯四羧酸二酐、1,2,3,4-环己烷四羧酸二酐、2,2’,3,3’-二苯甲酮四羧酸二酐、2,2,3,3-联苯四羧酸酐、1,4,5,8-萘四羧酸二酐等,作为二胺,可以是(邻、间或对)苯二胺、(3,3’-或4,4’)-二氨基二苯基醚、二氨基二苯甲酮、(3,3’-或4,4’)-二氨基二苯基甲烷等。
作为上述聚氨酯树脂,可举出以甲苯二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯等多官能异氰酸酯与聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯多元醇等多元醇(多官能醇)作为原料的树脂等。
另外,作为上述尼龙树脂,可举出以ε-己内酰胺、月桂内酰胺等环状单体为原料的树脂等。
另外,作为上述聚酯树脂,可举出以δ-戊内酯、β-丙内酯等环状单体为原料的树脂等。
上述烯键式不饱和化合物只要具有烯键式不饱和键即可,但不包括上述氨基甲酰肟化合物、环氧树脂、酚醛树脂及硫醇化合物。作为烯键式不饱和化合物,例如可举出乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、异丁烯、氯乙烯、偏二氯乙烯、偏二氟乙烯、四氟乙烯等不饱和脂肪族烃;(甲基)丙烯酸、α-氯丙烯酸、衣康酸、马来酸、柠康酸、富马酸、纳迪克酸、巴豆酸、异巴豆酸、乙烯基乙酸、烯丙基乙酸、肉桂酸、山梨酸、中康酸、琥珀酸单[2-(甲基)丙烯酰氧基乙酯]、邻苯二甲酸单[2-(甲基)丙烯酰氧基乙酯]、ω-羧基聚己内酯单(甲基)丙烯酸酯等两末端具有羧基和羟基的聚合物的单(甲基)丙烯酸酯;(甲基)丙烯酸/马来酸羟基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸/马来酸羟基丙酯、二环戊二烯/马来酸酯或具有1个羧基和2个以上(甲基)丙烯酰基的多官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯等不饱和多元酸;(甲基)丙烯酸-2-羟基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸-2-羟基丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸叔丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸环己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正辛酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异辛酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异壬酯、(甲基)丙烯酸硬脂酯、(甲基)丙烯酸月桂酯、(甲基)丙烯酸甲氧基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸二甲基氨基甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸氨基丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸二甲基氨基丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙氧基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸聚(乙氧基)乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丁氧基乙氧基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙基己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸苯氧基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸四氢呋喃酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙烯酯、(甲基)丙烯酸烯丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸苄酯、乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、丙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,4-丁二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,6-己二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基乙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇六(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇五(甲基)丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四(甲基)丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三环癸烷二羟甲基二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三[(甲基)丙烯酰基乙基]异氰脲酸酯、聚酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯低聚物等不饱和一元酸及多元醇或多元酚的酯;(甲基)丙烯酸锌、(甲基)丙烯酸镁等不饱和多元酸的金属盐;马来酸酐、衣康酸酐、柠康酸酐、甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、三烷基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、5-(2,5-二氧代四氢呋喃基)-3-甲基-3-环己烯-1,2-二羧酸酐、三烷基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐-马来酸酐加成物、十二烯基琥珀酸酐、甲基纳迪克酸酐等不饱和多元酸的酸酐;(甲基)丙烯酰胺、亚甲基双(甲基)丙烯酰胺、二亚乙基三胺三(甲基)丙烯酰胺、苯二甲基双(甲基)丙烯酰胺、α-氯丙烯酰胺、N-2-羟基乙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺等不饱和一元酸及多元胺的酰胺;丙烯酰基等不饱和醛;(甲基)丙烯腈、α-氯丙烯腈、亚乙烯基二氰、烯丙基氰等不饱和腈;苯乙烯、4-甲基苯乙烯、4-乙基苯乙烯、4-甲氧基苯乙烯、4-羟基苯乙烯、4-氯苯乙烯、二乙烯基苯、乙烯基甲苯、乙烯基苯甲酸、乙烯基苯酚、乙烯基磺酸、4-乙烯基苯磺酸、乙烯基苄基甲基醚、乙烯基苄基缩水甘油基醚等不饱和芳香族化合物;甲基乙烯基酮等不饱和酮;乙烯基胺、烯丙胺、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、乙烯基哌啶等不饱和胺化合物;烯丙醇、巴豆醇等乙烯醇;乙烯基甲基醚、乙烯基乙基醚、正丁基乙烯基醚、异丁基乙烯基醚、烯丙基缩水甘油基醚等乙烯基醚;马来酰亚胺、N-苯基马来酰亚胺、N-环己基马来酰亚胺等不饱和酰亚胺类;茚、1-甲基茚等茚类;1,3-丁二烯、异戊二烯、氯丁二烯等脂肪族共轭二烯类;聚苯乙烯、聚(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、聚(甲基)丙烯酸正丁酯、聚硅氧烷等聚合物分子链的末端具有单(甲基)丙烯酰基的大分子单体类;乙烯基氯化物、偏二氯乙烯、二乙烯基琥珀酸酯、邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯、三烯丙基磷酸酯、三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯、乙烯基硫醚、乙烯基咪唑、乙烯基噁唑啉、乙烯基咔唑、乙烯基吡咯烷酮、乙烯基吡啶、含羟基的乙烯基单体及多异氰酸酯化合物的乙烯基氨基甲酸酯化合物、含羟基的乙烯基单体及聚环氧化合物的乙烯基环氧化合物。
烯键式不饱和化合物可以单独使用或将2种以上混合使用。
作为上述烯键式不饱和化合物,也可以使用市售品,例如可举出:KAYARAD DPHA、DPEA-12、PEG400DA、THE-330、RP-1040、NPGDA、PET30、R-684(以上为日本化药制造);ARONIXM-215、M-350(以上为东亚合成制);NK ESTER A-DPH、A-TMPT、A-DCP、A-HD-N、TMPT、DCP、NPG及HD-N(以上为新中村化学工业制);SPC-1000、SPC-3000(以上为昭和电工制)等。
聚合性组合物(B)的含量只要是适合于其使用目的的量即可,为了防止固化不良,优选在聚合性组合物中的固体成分(溶剂以外的全部成分)中,以成为50质量份以上的方式含有,更优选为60质量份以上,特别优选为70质量份以上。
在本发明的聚合性组合物中,作为任选成分,可以使用无机化合物、色料、潜伏性环氧固化剂、链转移剂、增感剂、溶剂等添加剂。
作为上述无机化合物,例如,可以举出:氧化镍、氧化铁、氧化铱、氧化钛、氧化锌、氧化镁、氧化钙、氧化钾、二氧化硅、氧化铝等金属氧化物;层状粘土矿物、米洛丽蓝、碳酸钙、碳酸镁、钴系、锰系、玻璃粉末(特别是玻璃粉)、云母、滑石、高岭土、亚铁氰化物、各种金属硫酸盐、硫化物、硒化物、硅酸铝、硅酸钙、氢氧化铝、铂、金、银、铜等。这些无机化合物例如作为填充剂、防反射剂、导电材料、稳定剂、阻燃剂、机械强度提高剂、特殊波长吸收剂、防油墨剂等使用。
作为上述色料,可举出颜料、染料、天然色素等。这些色料可以单独使用或将2种以上混合使用。
作为上述颜料,例如可以使用亚硝基化合物;硝基化合物;偶氮化合物;重氮化合物;呫吨化合物;喹啉化合物;蒽醌化合物;香豆素化合物;酞菁化合物;异吲哚啉酮化合物;异吲哚啉化合物;喹吖啶酮化合物;蒽嵌蒽醌化合物;紫环酮化合物;苝化合物;二酮基吡咯并吡咯化合物;硫靛化合物;二噁嗪化合物;三苯基甲烷化合物;喹酞酮化合物;萘四羧酸;偶氮染料、花青染料的金属络合物化合物;色淀颜料;炉法、槽法或热法得到的炭黑、或乙炔黑、科琴黑或灯黑等炭黑;将上述炭黑用环氧树脂调整或被覆而成的炭黑、将上述炭黑预先用树脂在溶剂中进行分散处理、吸附20~200mg/g的树脂而成的炭黑、将上述炭黑进行酸性或碱性表面处理而成的炭黑、平均粒径为8nm以上、DBP吸油量为90ml/100g以下的炭黑、由950℃下的挥发成分中的CO及CO2算出的总氧量为每100m2为9mg以上的炭黑;石墨、石墨化炭黑、活性炭、碳纤维、碳纳米管、碳微线圈、碳纳米角、碳气凝胶、富勒烯;苯胺黑、颜料黑7、钛黑;氧化铬绿、米洛丽蓝、钴绿、钴蓝、锰系、亚铁氰化物、磷酸盐群青、普鲁士蓝、群青、青天蓝、铬绿(viridian)、翡翠绿、硫酸铅、铬黄、锌黄、氧化铁红(红色氧化铁(III))、镉红、合成铁黑、棕土等有机或无机颜料。这些颜料可以单独使用,或者将多种混合使用。
作为上述颜料,也可以使用市售的颜料,例如可举出颜料红1、2、3、9、10、14、17、22、23、31、38、41、48、49、88、90、97、112、119、122、123、144、149、166、168、169、170、171、177、179、180、184、185、192、200、202、209、215、216、217、220、223、224、226、227、228、240、254;颜料橙13、31、34、36、38、43、46、48、49、51、52、55、59、60、61、62、64、65、71;颜料黄1、3、12、13、14、16、17、20、24、55、60、73、81、83、86、93、95、97、98、100、109、110、113、114、117、120、125、126、127、129、137、138、139、147、148、150、151、152、153、154、166、168、175、180、185;颜料绿7、10、36;颜料蓝15、15:1、15:2、15:3、15:4、15:5、15:6、22、24、56、60、61、62、64;颜料紫1、19、23、27、29、30、32、37、40、50等。
作为上述染料,可举出偶氮染料、蒽醌染料、靛蓝染料、三芳基甲烷染料、呫吨染料、茜素染料、吖啶染料、芪染料、噻唑染料、萘酚染料、喹啉染料、硝基染料、吲达胺染料、噁嗪染料、酞菁染料、花青染料等染料等,它们可以混合使用多种。
作为上述潜伏性环氧固化剂,例如,可以举出:双氰胺、改性多胺、酰肼类、4,4’-二氨基二苯基砜、三氟化硼胺络盐、咪唑类、胍胺类、咪唑类、脲类及三聚氰胺等。
作为上述链转移剂或增感剂,通常使用含硫原子的化合物。例如,可举出巯基乙酸、硫代苹果酸、硫代水杨酸、2-巯基丙酸、3-巯基丙酸、3-巯基丁酸、N-(2-巯基丙酰基)甘氨酸、2-巯基烟酸、3-[N-(2-巯基乙基)氨基甲酰基]丙酸、3-[N-(2-巯基乙基)氨基]丙酸、N-(3-巯基丙酰基)丙氨酸、2-巯基乙磺酸、3-巯基丙磺酸、4-巯基丁磺酸、十二烷基(4-甲硫基)苯基醚、2-巯基乙醇、3-巯基-1,2-丙二醇、1-巯基-2-丙醇、3-巯基-2-丁醇、巯基苯酚、2-巯基乙胺、2-巯基咪唑、2-巯基苯并咪唑、2-巯基-3-吡啶醇、2-巯基苯并噻唑、巯基乙酸、三羟甲基丙烷三(3-巯基丙酸酯)、季戊四醇四(3-巯基丙酸酯)等巯基化合物、将该巯基化合物氧化而得到的二硫醚化合物、碘乙酸、碘丙酸、2-碘乙醇、2-碘乙磺酸、3-碘丙烷磺酸等碘化烷基化合物、三羟甲基丙烷三(3-巯基异丁酸酯)、丁二醇双(3-巯基异丁酸酯)、己二硫醇、癸二硫醇、1,4-二甲基巯基苯、丁二醇双硫代丙酸酯、丁二醇双巯基乙酸酯、乙二醇双巯基乙酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三巯基乙酸酯、丁二醇双硫代丙酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三硫代丙酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三巯基乙酸酯、季戊四醇四硫代丙酸酯、季戊四醇四巯基乙酸酯、三羟乙基三硫代丙酸酯、二乙基噻吨酮、二异丙基噻吨酮、下述化合物No.C1、三巯基丙酸三(2-羟基乙基)异氰脲酸酯等脂肪族多官能硫醇化合物、昭和电工公司制Karenz MT BD1、PE1、NR1等。
[化学结构式10]
化合物No.C1
作为上述溶剂,通常可以使用能够溶解或分散上述各成分(聚合引发剂(A)及聚合性化合物(B)等)的溶剂,例如,可使用甲基乙基酮、甲基戊基酮、二乙基酮、丙酮、甲基异丙基酮、甲基异丁基酮、环己酮、2-庚酮等酮类;乙醚、二噁烷、四氢呋喃、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、1,2-二乙氧基乙烷、二丙二醇二甲醚等醚系溶剂;乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸正丙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸正丁酯、乙酸环己酯、乳酸乙酯、琥珀酸二甲酯、Texanol等酯系溶剂;γ-己内酯、δ-己内酯、γ-丁内酯等内酯系溶剂;乙二醇单甲醚、乙二醇单乙醚等溶纤剂系溶剂;甲醇、乙醇、异-或正丙醇、异或正丁醇、戊醇等醇系溶剂;乙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯、乙二醇单乙醚乙酸酯、丙二醇-1-单甲醚-2-乙酸酯、二丙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯、3-甲氧基丁醚乙酸酯、乙氧基乙醚丙酸酯等醚酯系溶剂;苯、甲苯、二甲苯等BTX系溶剂;己烷、庚烷、辛烷、环己烷等脂肪族烃系溶剂;松节油、D-柠檬烯、蒎烯等萜烯系烃油;矿物油精、Swasol#310(Cosmo松山石油株式会社)、Solvesso#100(Exxon化学株式会社)等石蜡系溶剂;四氯化碳、氯仿、三氯乙烯、二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷等卤代脂肪族烃系溶剂;氯苯等卤代芳香族烃系溶剂;卡必醇系溶剂;苯胺;三乙胺;吡啶;乙酸;乙腈;二硫化碳;N,N-二甲基甲酰胺;N,N-二甲基乙酰胺;N-甲基吡咯烷酮;二甲基亚砜;水等,这些溶剂可以使用1种或作为2种以上的混合溶剂使用。
其中,从碱性显影性、图案形成性、制膜性、溶解性的观点出发,优选使用酮类或醚酯系溶剂,特别优选使用丙二醇-1-单甲基醚-2-乙酸酯(以下,也称为“PGMEA”)或环己酮。
在本发明的聚合性组合物中,溶剂的含量没有特别限制,各成分均匀地分散或溶解、并且本发明的聚合性组合物呈适于各用途的液状或糊状的量即可,为了得到均匀的固化物,通常优选在本发明的聚合性组合物中的固体成分(溶剂以外的全部成分)的量为10~90质量%的范围内含有溶剂。
另外,本发明的聚合性组合物也可以通过使用有机聚合物来改善固化物的特性。作为该有机聚合物,例如,可举出聚苯乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物、聚(甲基)丙烯酸、苯乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物、(甲基)丙烯酸-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、乙烯-氯乙烯共聚物、乙烯-乙烯基共聚物、聚氯乙烯树脂、ABS树脂、尼龙6、尼龙66、尼龙12、聚氨酯树脂、聚碳酸酯聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、纤维素酯、聚丙烯酰胺、饱和聚酯、酚醛树脂、苯氧基树脂等。
使用上述有机聚合物时,从所得的聚合性组合物的固化性优异的观点出发,其含量相对于聚合性化合物(B)100质量份优选为10~500质量份。
在本发明的聚合性组合物中,可以进一步并用表面活性剂、硅烷偶联剂、三聚氰胺化合物等。
作为上述表面活性剂,可以使用全氟烷基磷酸酯、全氟烷基羧酸盐等氟系表面活性剂;高级脂肪酸碱盐、烷基磺酸盐、烷基硫酸盐等阴离子系表面活性剂;高级胺卤酸盐、季铵盐等阳离子系表面活性剂;聚乙二醇烷基醚、聚乙二醇脂肪酸酯、山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯、脂肪酸单甘油酯等非离子表面活性剂;两性表面活性剂;有机硅系表面活性剂等表面活性剂,它们可以组合使用。
作为上述硅烷偶联剂,可以使用例如信越化学公司制硅烷偶联剂,其中,优选使用KBE-9007、KBM-502、KBE-403等具有异氰酸酯基、甲基丙烯酰基或环氧基的硅烷偶联剂。
作为上述三聚氰胺化合物,可以举出(聚)羟甲基三聚氰胺、(聚)羟甲基甘脲、(聚)羟甲基苯并胍胺、(聚)羟甲基脲等氮化合物中的活性羟甲基(CH2OH基)的全部或一部分(至少2个)被烷基醚化而得的化合物等。
在此,作为构成烷基醚的烷基,可举出甲基、乙基或丁基,可以彼此相同,也可以不同。另外,未被烷基醚化的羟甲基可以在一个分子内进行自缩合,也可以在两个分子间进行缩合,其结果形成低聚物成分。
具体而言,可以使用六甲氧基甲基三聚氰胺、六丁氧基甲基三聚氰胺、四甲氧基甲基甘脲、四丁氧基甲基甘脲等。
其中,从在溶剂中的溶解性、难以从聚合性组合物结晶析出的观点出发,优选六甲氧基甲基三聚氰胺、六丁氧基甲基三聚氰胺等被烷基醚化的三聚氰胺。
在本发明的聚合性组合物中,聚合引发剂(A)及聚合性化合物(B)以外的任选成分(其中,无机化合物、色料及溶剂除外)的含量根据其使用目的而适当选择,没有特别限制,从得到的聚合性组合物的固化性优异的观点出发,优选相对于聚合性化合物(B)100质量份合计为50质量份以下。
本发明的聚合性组合物可以照射能量射线而制成固化物。该固化物形成为与用途相应的适当的形状。例如在形成膜状的固化物的情况下,本发明的聚合性组合物可以通过旋转涂布机、辊涂机、棒涂机、模涂机、帘式涂布机、各种印刷、浸渍等公知的手段应用于钠玻璃、石英玻璃、半导体基板、金属、纸、塑料等支撑基体上。另外,也可以暂时在薄膜等支撑基体上实施后,转印到其他支撑基体上,其应用方法没有限制。
作为使本发明的聚合性组合物固化时使用的能量射线的光源,可以利用由超高压汞灯、高压汞灯、中压汞灯、低压汞灯、汞蒸汽弧灯、氙弧灯、碳弧灯、金属卤化物灯、荧光灯、钨灯、准分子灯、杀菌灯、发光二极管、CRT光源等得到的具有2000埃~7000埃的波长的电磁波能量、电子射线、X射线、放射线等高能量射线,从得到的聚合性组合物的固化性优异的观点出发,优选使用发出波长300~450nm的光的超高压汞灯、汞蒸汽弧灯、碳弧灯、氙弧灯等。
进而,激光直接描绘法通过使用激光作为曝光光源,不使用掩模,从计算机等数字信息直接形成图像,该激光直接描绘法由于不仅能够实现生产性的提高,还能够实现分辨率、位置精度等的提高,因此是有用的,作为该激光,优选使用340~430nm的波长的光,但也可以使用准分子激光、氮激光、氩离子激光、氦镉激光、氦氖激光、氪离子激光、各种半导体激光以及YAG激光等发出可见至红外区域的光的激光。在使用这些激光的情况下,从得到的聚合性组合物的固化性优异的观点出发,优选添加吸收从可见至红外的该区域的增感色素。
另外,本发明的聚合性组合物的固化中,通常需要在上述能量射线的照射后进行加热,从固化率的观点考虑,优选40~150℃左右的加热。
本发明的聚合性组合物可以用于光固化性涂料或清漆;光固化性粘接剂;金属用涂布剂;印刷基板;彩色电视、PC监视器、便携信息终端、数字照相机等彩色显示的液晶显示元件中的滤色器;CCD图像传感器的滤色器;等离子体显示面板用的电极材料;粉末涂层;印刷油墨;印刷版;粘接剂;牙科用组合物;凝胶涂层;电子工学用的光致抗蚀剂;电镀抗蚀剂;蚀刻抗蚀剂;干膜;焊料抗蚀剂;用于制造各种显示用途用的滤色器的或等离子体显示面板、电发光显示装置及LCD的制造工序中用于形成它们的结构的抗蚀剂;用于封入电气及电子部件的组合物;阻焊剂;磁记录材料;微小机械部件;波导;光开关;电镀用掩模;蚀刻掩模;彩色试验系统;玻璃纤维电缆涂层;丝网印刷用模板;用于通过立体成像来制造三维物体的材料;全息记录用材料;图像记录材料;微细电子电路;脱色材料;用于图像记录材料的脱色材料;使用微胶囊的图像记录材料用的脱色材料;印刷电路板用光致抗蚀剂材料;UV及可见激光直接图像系用的光致抗蚀剂材料;印刷电路基板的逐次层叠中的电介质层形成中使用的光致抗蚀剂材料或保护膜等各种用途,其用途没有特别限制。
本发明的聚合性组合物也可以以形成液晶显示面板用间隔物的目的及形成垂直取向型液晶显示元件用突起为目的而使用。特别是作为用于同时形成垂直取向型液晶显示元件用的突起和间隔物的感光性树脂组合物是有用的。
上述液晶显示面板用间隔物优选通过下述工序形成:(1)在基板上形成本发明的聚合性组合物的涂膜的工序、(2)隔着具有规定的图案形状的掩模对该涂膜照射能量线(光)的工序、(3)曝光后的烘烤工序、(4)对曝光后的被膜进行显影的工序、(5)对显影后的该被膜进行加热的工序。
添加了色料的本发明的聚合性组合物适合用作构成滤色器中的RGB等各像素的抗蚀剂、形成各像素的隔壁的黑色矩阵用抗蚀剂。进而,在添加防油墨剂的黑色矩阵用抗蚀剂的情况下,优选用于轮廓角为50°以上的喷墨方式滤色器用隔壁。作为该防油墨剂,优选使用氟系表面活性剂及含有氟系表面活性剂的组合物。
在用于上述喷墨方式滤色器用隔壁的情况下,通过下述方法来制造光学元件:由本发明的聚合性组合物形成的隔壁对被转印体上进行划分,通过喷墨法在划分出的被转印体上的凹部中赋予液滴而形成图像区域。此时,优选上述液滴含有着色剂,上述图像区域被着色,在该情况下,通过上述的制造方法制作的光学元件在基板上至少具有由多个着色区域构成的像素组和将该像素组的各着色区域隔离的隔壁。
本发明的聚合性组合物也可以用作保护膜或绝缘膜用组合物。此时,可以含有紫外线吸收剂、烷基化改性三聚氰胺及/或丙烯酸改性三聚氰胺、分子中含有醇性羟基的1或2官能的(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体及/或二氧化硅溶胶。
上述绝缘膜用于在可剥离的支撑基材上设置有绝缘树脂层的层叠体中的该绝缘树脂层,该层叠体可以利用碱水溶液进行显影,优选绝缘树脂层的膜厚为10~100μm。
本发明的聚合性组合物通过含有无机化合物,可以作为感光性糊剂组合物使用。该感光性糊剂组合物可用于形成等离子体显示面板的隔壁图案、电介质图案、电极图案及黑色矩阵图案等烧成物图案。
实施例
以下,列举实施例及比较例对本发明进行更详细的说明,但本发明并不限定于这些实施例等。
(实施例1)
按照以下所示的流程合成化合物1。
[化学结构式11]
在100ml四口烧瓶中加入1.0eq.的肟体1、二氯甲烷(理论产量的600重量%)、三乙胺3.0eq.,在冰浴上在5℃下进行搅拌。向其中滴加将氯甲酸4-硝基苯酯1.1eq.溶解于二氯甲烷中而成的溶液。滴加结束后,在冰浴上冷却至0℃,滴加哌啶1.1eq.。将混合液在室温下搅拌1.5小时,减压蒸馏除去溶剂。将浓缩后的残渣溶解于乙酸乙酯,用1质量%NaOH水溶液洗涤2次后,进一步进行3次利用离子交换水的洗涤。利用硫酸镁使有机层干燥,进行浓缩。利用硅胶柱色谱(洗脱剂=乙酸乙酯:己烷=1:4→1:3)对残渣进行精制,作为淡褐色粉状化合物以收率41%得到目标物。将1H-NMR测定结果示于表1。
表1
[实施例2及比较例1]聚合性组合物的制备
进行表2中记载的配合,得到聚合性组合物1及比较聚合性组合物1。需要说明的是,表中的配合数值表示质量份。
另外,表中的各成分的符号表示下述的成分。
A-1:化合物1
A’-2:比较化合物1
B-1:EPPN-201(苯酚酚醛清漆型环氧树脂、环氧当量193g/eq.、日本化药公司制)
B-2:H-3M(酚醛树脂、羟基当量105~109g/eq.、明和化成公司制)
C-1:FZ-2122(聚醚改性聚硅氧烷,Dow Corning Toray Co.,Ltd.制造,1重量%PGMEA溶液)
D-1:环戊酮(溶剂)
表2
实施例2 | 比较例1 | |
聚合性组合物 | 聚合性组合物1 | 比较聚合性组合物1 |
A-1 | 1.5 | - |
A’-2 | - | 1.5 |
B-1 | 23.6 | 23.6 |
B-2 | 14.8 | 14.8 |
C-1 | 7.3 | 7.3 |
D-1 | 52.8 | 52.8 |
合计 | 100 | 100 |
[化学结构式12]
[评价例1及比较评价例1]
对于聚合性组合物1及比较聚合性组合物1的固化物,按照下述顺序确认有无残膜。将结果示于表4。
将聚合性组合物1及比较聚合性组合物1分别使用旋转涂布机涂布于玻璃基材(10cm×10cm)(500rpm×2秒→1000rpm×10秒→倾斜×0.5秒、涂布量约2mL),在烘箱中进行预烘烤(90℃×90秒),进行制膜。
对于各膜,覆盖具有透射率连续地变化的等级的阶段式曝光表(33级型、OD值0~3、表3),使用UV-LED(365nm),照射规定量的紫外光(照度20mW/cm2、曝光时间150秒、累积曝光量3000mJ/cm2)。
曝光后,在烘箱中进行后烘烤(100℃×20分钟),进行显影(PGMEA、30秒)及冲洗(异丙醇、10秒)。
对于得到的固化膜样品,通过目视确认了剩余级数。剩余级数是指固化膜残留的最大的级数。根据剩余级数,通过表3确定透射率,通过使用下述式,算出换算感度。
换算感度(mJ/cm2)=累积曝光量(3000mJ/cm2)×透射率(%)
将剩余级数和换算感度示于表4。
表3
级数 | OD值 | 透射率(%) |
0 | 0 | 100.000 |
1 | 0.06 | 87.096 |
2 | 0.15 | 70.795 |
3 | 0.24 | 57.544 |
4 | 0.35 | 44.668 |
5 | 0.44 | 36.308 |
6 | 0.54 | 28.840 |
7 | 0.64 | 22.909 |
8 | 0.74 | 18.197 |
9 | 0.84 | 14.454 |
10 | 0.94 | 11.482 |
11 | 1.05 | 8.913 |
12 | 1.15 | 7.079 |
13 | 1.25 | 5.623 |
14 | 1.35 | 4.467 |
15 | 1.44 | 3.631 |
16 | 1.54 | 2.884 |
17 | 1.64 | 2.291 |
18 | 1.74 | 1.820 |
19 | 1.84 | 1.445 |
20 | 1.94 | 1.148 |
21 | 2.04 | 0.912 |
22 | 2.14 | 0.724 |
23 | 2.24 | 0.575 |
24 | 2.34 | 0.457 |
25 | 2.44 | 0.363 |
26 | 2.54 | 0.288 |
27 | 2.65 | 0.224 |
28 | 2.75 | 0.178 |
29 | 2.84 | 0.145 |
30 | 2.93 | 0.117 |
31 | 2.95 | 0.112 |
32 | 2.97 | 0.107 |
33 | 3.00 | 0.100 |
表4
聚合性组合物1 | 比较聚合性组合物1 | |
剩余级数(级) | 2 | 0 |
换算感度(mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>) | 2124 | >3000 |
由上述表4的结果可知,含有本发明的氨基甲酰肟化合物的聚合性组合物与比较聚合性组合物相比,剩余级数多(固化性高),因此光产碱效率高,能够以低曝光量固化,相对于UV-LED光源为高感度。因此,可知本发明的化合物作为聚合引发剂优异。
(实施例3)
按照以下所示的流程合成化合物2。
[化学结构式13]
(肟体2的合成)
在烧瓶中加入8-(3-环戊基丙基)-11-(2-乙基己基)-11H-苯并[a]咔唑1.0eq.,溶解于二甲基甲酰胺(理论产量的500重量%)。向溶液中加入羟基氯化铵2.2eq.及吡啶2.2eq.。将反应混合物在60℃下加热搅拌9小时后,加入离子交换水,用氯仿萃取。用离子交换水洗涤有机层2次,用硫酸镁干燥,浓缩。利用硅胶柱色谱(洗脱剂=己烷:乙酸乙酯=94:6)精制残渣,作为白色粉状化合物以收率28%得到目标物。
(化合物2的合成)
在烧瓶中加入1.0eq.的肟体2、氯仿(理论产量的500重量%)、三乙胺2.0eq.,在冰浴上在5℃下进行搅拌。向其中滴加将氯甲酸4-硝基苯酯1.1eq.溶解于氯仿(理论产量的500重量%)中而得到的溶液。滴加结束后,在室温下搅拌1小时。再次在冰浴上冷却至5℃后,滴加苯胺1.1eq.。在室温下搅拌2小时后,用1质量%氢氧化钠水溶液清洗3次,用离子交换水清洗3次,利用硫酸镁使有机层干燥,浓缩。利用硅胶柱色谱(洗脱剂=己烷∶乙酸乙酯=94∶6)精制残渣,作为黄色不定形固体化合物以收率35%得到目标物。所得的化合物的1H-NMR测定结果示于表5。
(实施例4)
按照以下所示的流程合成化合物3。
[化学结构式14]
(肟体3的合成)
在烧瓶中加入1-(11-(2-乙基己基)-11H-苯并[a]咔唑-8-基)辛烷-1-酮1.0eq.,溶解于二甲基甲酰胺(理论产量的400重量%)。向其中加入4M·HCl-乙酸乙酯1.1eq.及亚硝酸异丁酯1.1eq.,在45℃下搅拌1小时。向反应液中加入氯仿,用离子交换水洗涤4次,用硫酸镁干燥有机层后,浓缩。利用硅胶柱色谱(洗脱剂=己烷:乙酸乙酯=91:9)对残渣进行精制,作为白色粉状化合物以收率18%得到目标物。
(化合物3的合成)
将实施例3的肟体2变更为肟体3,除此以外,以同样的顺序进行至水洗后的浓缩。利用硅胶柱色谱(洗脱剂=己烷∶乙酸乙酯=95∶5)精制残渣,作为黄色不定形固体化合物以收率27%得到化合物2。将所得的化合物的1H-NMR测定结果示于表5。
表5
产业上的可利用性
本发明的氨基甲酰肟化合物具有高的光产碱效率,在作为聚合引发剂使用的情况下,与以往的光产碱剂相比能够有效地产生碱,因此即使在低曝光量下也能够使聚合性化合物固化。特别是在使用于含有环氧树脂或酚醛树脂的固化性树脂组合物的情况下,显示出高的固化性。
Claims (10)
1.一种氨基甲酰肟化合物,其由下述通式(I)表示,
式中,R1表示氢原子、卤素原子、硝基、氰基、碳原子数为1~20的烃基、或烃基中的亚甲基被选自下述组A中的2价基团取代而成的碳原子数为1~20的基团,
R2表示氢原子、碳原子数为1~20的烃基、或烃基中的亚甲基被选自下述组A中的2价基团取代而成的碳原子数为1~20的基团,
R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8及R9各自独立地表示氢原子、卤素原子、氰基、硝基、-OR10、-COOR10、-CO-R10、-SR10、碳原子数为1~20的烃基、或碳原子数为2~20的含杂环的基团,
R10表示氢原子、碳原子数为1~20的烃基、碳原子数为2~20的含杂环的基团、或烃基中的亚甲基被选自下述组A中的2价基团取代而成的碳原子数为1~20的基团,在分子中存在多个R10的情况下,它们可以相同也可以不同,
X1表示-NR21R22、或下述通式(a)或下述通式(b)所示的基团,
R21及R22各自独立地表示氢原子、碳原子数为1~20的烃基、或烃基中的亚甲基被选自下述组A中的2价基团取代而成的碳原子数为1~20的基团,
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10、R21及R22可以为烃基中的1个或2个以上的氢原子被卤素原子、氰基、硝基、羟基、-OR11、-COOR11、-CO-R11或-SR11取代而成的碳原子数为1~20的基团,
R11表示氢原子、碳原子数为1~20的烃基、烃基中的亚甲基被选自下述组A中的2价基团取代而成的碳原子数为1~20的基团、或烃基中的1个或2个以上的氢原子被卤素原子、氰基、硝基或羟基取代而成的碳原子数为1~20的基团,在分子中存在多个R11的情况下,它们可以相同也可以不同,
<组A>为-O-、-CO-、-COO-、-NR12-、-NR12CO-及-S-,
R12表示氢原子或碳原子数为1~20的烃基,在分子中存在多个R12的情况下,它们可以相同也可以不同,
R3与R4、R6与R7、R7与R8及R8与R9可以各自独立地相互连结,形成由氢原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为3~10的环,
R3与R4、R6与R7、R7与R8及R8与R9中的至少1组相互连结而形成苯环,
R21与R22可相互连结而形成由氢原子、氮原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为2~10的环、或由氢原子、氧原子、氮原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为2~10的环,
n表示0或1,
通式(a)和通式(b)中,R31、R32、R33、R34、R35、R36、R37、R38、R39及R40各自独立地表示氢原子、碳原子数为1~20的烃基、或烃基中的亚甲基被选自下述组B中的2价基团取代而成的碳原子数为1~20的基团,
R31、R32、R33、R34、R35、R36、R37、R38、R39及R40可以为烃基中的1个或2个以上的氢原子被卤素原子、氰基、硝基、羟基、-OR41、-COOR41、-CO-R41或-SR41取代而成的碳原子数为1~20的基团,
R41表示氢原子或碳原子数为1~20的烃基,在基团中存在多个R41的情况下,它们可以相同也可以不同,
组B为-O-、-CO-、-COO-、-NR42-、-NR42CO-及-S-,
R42表示氢原子或碳原子数为1~20的烃基,在基团中存在多个R42的情况下,它们可以相同也可以不同,
R31与R32、R33与R34、R35与R36、R37与R38、及R39与R40可以各自独立地相互连结,形成由氢原子、氮原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为2~10的环、或由氢原子、氧原子、氮原子及碳原子构成的碳原子数为2~10的环,
*表示键合端。
2.根据权利要求1所述的氨基甲酰肟化合物,其中,通式(I)中的R3与R4、或R8与R9相互连结而形成苯环。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的氨基甲酰肟化合物,其中,通式(I)中的X1为-NR21R22。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的氨基甲酰肟化合物,其中,通式(I)中的R2为碳原子数为1~10的脂肪族烃基。
5.一种潜伏性产碱剂,其含有权利要求1~4中任1项所述的氨基甲酰肟化合物。
6.一种聚合引发剂,其含有权利要求1~4中任一项所述的氨基甲酰肟化合物。
7.一种聚合性组合物,其含有权利要求1~4中任1项所述的氨基甲酰肟化合物及聚合性化合物。
8.根据权利要求7所述的聚合性组合物,其中,所述聚合性化合物为环氧树脂或烯键式不饱和化合物、或者包含环氧树脂和酚醛树脂的混合物、包含环氧树脂和硫醇化合物的混合物、或者包含烯键式不饱和化合物和硫醇化合物的混合物。
9.一种固化物,其为权利要求7或8所述的聚合性组合物的固化物。
10.一种固化物的制造方法,其具有对权利要求7或8所述的聚合性组合物照射能量射线的工序。
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