CN104552649A - 对通过红外线加热塑料材料的改进 - Google Patents

对通过红外线加热塑料材料的改进 Download PDF

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CN104552649A
CN104552649A CN201510029329.5A CN201510029329A CN104552649A CN 104552649 A CN104552649 A CN 104552649A CN 201510029329 A CN201510029329 A CN 201510029329A CN 104552649 A CN104552649 A CN 104552649A
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B·普兰塔穆拉
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Sidel SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B13/00—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped
    • B29B13/02—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by heating
    • B29B13/023—Half-products, e.g. films, plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B13/00—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped
    • B29B13/02—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by heating
    • B29B13/023—Half-products, e.g. films, plates
    • B29B13/024—Hollow bodies, e.g. tubes or profiles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B13/00—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped
    • B29B13/08—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by using wave energy or particle radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C2035/0822—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using IR radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C2035/0838—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using laser
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/64—Heating or cooling preforms, parisons or blown articles
    • B29C49/68—Ovens specially adapted for heating preforms or parisons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/26—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C51/42—Heating or cooling
    • B29C51/421—Heating or cooling of preforms, specially adapted for thermoforming

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及通过至少一个电磁辐射源加热塑料材料的方法，其特征在于，电磁辐射为红外线，具有包括在以下范围之一内的波长或波长波谱：1110-1160纳米；1390-1450纳米；1610-1650纳米；1675-1700纳米；1880-2100纳米；2170-2230纳米。

Description

对通过红外线加热塑料材料的改进
本申请是名称为“对通过红外线加热塑料材料的改进”、国际申请日为2008年2月7日、国际申请号为PCT/FR2008/000145、国家申请号为200880005051.6的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及对塑料材料、特别是热塑性材料的加热。
背景技术
热塑性材料的加热应用于许多领域。一个工业上的主要应用是零件的模制。但是，存在多种模制技术，它们需要不同类型的加热。
在某些模制技术中，热塑性材料被加热到高于其熔化温度的一个温度，以便流体化，且从其流体状态进行成形。例如挤塑、注塑或旋转模塑。
在其它技术中，热塑性材料被加热到高于其玻璃化转变温度、但低于其熔化温度的一个温度，以使材料具有可延展性，可使之成形。例如热成形或吹制，或者更准确地说，注塑吹制或双向注塑吹制。在这些技术中，材料的加热比上述其它技术中更难处理，因为必须准确地控制加热。这种加热通常在炉中通过辐射进行，被加热的物体不与加热元件接触。
显然，在工业范围内，加热时间是一个重要参数，因为生产所要求的节奏通常都很快。因此，希望尽可能缩短加热时间，而不忽略其它参数，尤其是加热的均匀性、辐射在材料中心的深入度以及节能效率。
公知的是，在整个光谱中，仅红外线真正可用于进行加热。
工业上，特别是在用热塑性材料的坯件(预型件或中间容器)制造容器方面，使用配有卤素灯的加热炉，尽管其具有功率大的优点，但是缺陷是在整个光谱上的辐射，以致一部分消耗的功率完全损失掉，因此，加热炉的总效率较低。
为了提高加热炉的效率，并力求缩短加热时间，本申请人已在国际申请WO2006/056673中提出使用相干的、特别是单色的电磁束，尤其是可从一个激光二极管发出的激光，用以实现预型件的加热。
该技术大有前途，但值得改进。本发明人发现，如此进行的加热不能根据所选材料获得恒定的性能。
发明内容
因此，本发明旨在提出一种改进加热的通用性的解决方案，以便对于一定范围的不同材料，可获得在加热时间、加热均匀性和节能效率之间的折衷。
为此，本发明提出通过至少一个电磁辐射源加热塑料材料的方法，所述辐射为红外线，具有包含在以下范围之一内的一个波长或者波长波谱：
—1110-1160纳米；
—1390-1450纳米；
—1610-1650纳米；
—1675-1700纳米；
—1880-2100纳米；
—2170-2230纳米，
最好为以下范围之一：
—1110-1150纳米；
—1400-1430纳米；
—1627-1647纳米；
—1680-1695纳米；
—1890-1906纳米；
—1920-1950纳米；
—2074-2094纳米；
—2188-2216纳米。
根据优选的实施例，红外线的波长数值可基本等于以下数值之一：
—1130纳米，
—1414纳米，
—1637纳米，
—1688纳米，
—1898纳米，
—1935纳米，
—2084纳米，
—2205纳米。
此外，根据一个特殊实施例，多个辐射可以不同的波长或不同的波谱发出，每个都在上述范围之一内，或具有上述数值之一。
最好，电磁辐射为单色或准单色。至于电磁辐射源，其例如为激光。
该方法尤其可应用于：
—坯件的加热，以便从所述坯件制造容器，或者
—板材的加热，以便通过热成形制造物品。
具体实施方式
通过对实施例的说明，本发明的其它目的和优点将得到更好的理解。
所提出的方法旨在加热由热塑性材料制成的一个中间物品，以便于其随后的变形，而获得一个成品。中间物品可以是一个薄板，用于进行热成形，尤其用于获得如大口容器的一个物品(例如盒子)，或者是一个预型件，用于吹制或拉伸吹制，以获得一个小口容器(例如瓶子)。
在所涉及的材料中，尤其可列举的是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚丙烯(PP)和聚乳酸(PLA)，其主要热特性见下面的表1。必须指出，这些材料在容器的制造中很常见。
表1
本发明人发现，以恒定的辐射光谱和恒定的功率，根据所选择的材料，加热通常不能产生相同的结果，加热速度随材料不同而变化。特别是，在PET和PP之间发现有很大的差异。
在多种材料上进行了试验，以便在整个光谱内选择波长，使得能够用同一个电磁辐射源，对所有这些材料实施工业化的加热。
试验条件如下。
样品是厚度为3毫米的薄板，用以下材料制成：
—PET EASTMAN 9921
—PET DAK Laser+
—PLA NATUREWORKS 7000D
—PP NOVOLEN 3348
—PET/2％尼龙混合物
样品以单侧的方式(即在其一面，称为入射面)经受一个入射的红外线，其功率为2瓦/平方厘米，波长选择在800纳米至2500纳米之间。
对每个样品，针对每个选择的波长，进行以下的测量：
—辐射吸收效率ρ，即每个样品的吸收功率与入射功率之比，
—入射面上(直至约100微米的深度)的材料加热速度V1，
—相对面上(也直至约100微米的深度)的材料加热速度V2。
每个样品的测量结果列于下面的表2.1至2.5。
表2.1-PET Eastman 9921
表2.2-PET DAK Laser+
表2.3-PLA 7000D
表2.4-PP NOVOLEN 3348
表2.5-PET/2％尼龙
已经注意到，对于一些波长，获得了在效率(足够高)和热梯度V1/V2(足够小)之间良好的折衷方案，这显示出一个较均匀且多样的加热。
相反，对于在上面表中标以星号的其它波长，可以看到，就所选材料中的至少其中之一而言，这种折衷方案不能实现。
例如对于880纳米，PET EASTMAN 9921的效率太低。
对于1662纳米，PET DAK Laser+以及PET尼龙的热梯度太大。
对于1736纳米，PP NOVOLEN 3348的热梯度太大。
对于2136纳米，所有的PET、包括PET尼龙的热梯度太大。
对于用于热塑性材料的加热源的电磁辐射，这种分析导致选择以下的波长(单位为纳米)：1130、1414、1637、1688、1898、1935、2084和2205。
可考虑将这些波长结合起来，例如，将具有从上述波长中选择的不同数值的多个辐射源并置在一起。
实际上，市场上的红外线源发出的电磁辐射并不集中于一个单一的波长，而是扩展到一个或大或小的波谱(从几纳米至几十纳米)。
这样，尽管可以采用不同的安装方法(例如在卤素灯的前面间置一个干涉过滤器)限制发出的辐射光谱，以获得单一波长(单色)的辐射，或者具有几个纳米(准单色)的允差，但是，更为合理的是选用成本不高的辐射源(例如功率激光二极管)，其发出的光谱覆盖所选的波长，而不扩展到不需要的一个(或多个)波长。
对于所选择的波长，下面给出可接受的允差，即所选辐射源发出的波长或波谱可位于其中的波长范围。
表3.1给出第一系列比较小的允差。表3.2给出第二系列较大的允差。应当考虑到，在这些允差之外，发出的辐射不能达到上面提出的目的。
表3.1
表3.2
如上所述，有利的是可以结合使用多个波长或多个光谱，例如将各自在一个所选范围(单色、准单色或一个光谱)内进行辐射的多个辐射源并置在一起。
如上面提到的，通过以所选波长之一或所选光谱范围之一的红外线发出的电磁辐射对材料进行辐射的热塑性材料的加热方法，可成功地应用于加热坯件(可以是预型件、甚至是中间容器)，以制造容器。
该方法也可应用于板材的加热，以通过热成形制造物品。

Claims (15)

1.通过至少一个电磁辐射源加热塑料材料的方法，所述塑料材料的类型为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚乳酸(PLA)或PET/2％尼龙混合物，其特征在于，电磁辐射为红外线，具有包含在以下范围之一内的波长或波长波谱：
—1110-1160纳米；
—1390-1450纳米；
—1610-1650纳米；
—1675-1700纳米；
—1880-2100纳米；
—2170-2230纳米。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，红外线的波长或波谱包含在以下范围之一内：
—1110-1150纳米；
—1400-1430纳米；
—1627-1647纳米；
—1680-1695纳米；
—1890-1906纳米；
—1920-1950纳米；
—2074-2094纳米；
—2188-2216纳米。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，红外线的波长约为1130纳米。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，红外线的波长约为1414纳米。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，红外线的波长约为1637纳米。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，红外线的波长约为1688纳米。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，红外线的波长约为1898纳米。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，红外线的波长约为1935纳米。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，红外线的波长约为2084纳米。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，红外线的波长约为2205纳米。
11.根据权利要求1至10之一所述的方法，其特征在于，多个辐射以不同的波长或不同的波谱发出，每个都包括在所述范围之一内或具有所述数值之一。
12.根据权利要求1至11之一所述的方法，其特征在于，电磁辐射为单色或准单色。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，电磁辐射源是激光。
14.根据权利要求1至13之一所述的方法的应用，用于加热坯件，以从所述坯件制造容器。
15.根据权利要求1至13之一所述的方法的应用，用于加热板材，以通过热成形制造物品。
CN201510029329.5A 2007-03-02 2008-02-07 对通过红外线加热塑料材料的改进 Pending CN104552649A (zh)

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CN101610885A (zh) 2009-12-23
EP2125316B1 (fr) 2013-11-06
JP2010520084A (ja) 2010-06-10
FR2913210B1 (fr) 2009-05-29
FR2913210A1 (fr) 2008-09-05
WO2008113908A2 (fr) 2008-09-25
US8546277B2 (en) 2013-10-01
WO2008113908A3 (fr) 2008-11-13
MX2009009268A (es) 2009-09-09
JP5445764B2 (ja) 2014-03-19
US20100089906A1 (en) 2010-04-15

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