CN104540873B - 聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯的制造方法 - Google Patents
聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯的制造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104540873B CN104540873B CN201380041733.3A CN201380041733A CN104540873B CN 104540873 B CN104540873 B CN 104540873B CN 201380041733 A CN201380041733 A CN 201380041733A CN 104540873 B CN104540873 B CN 104540873B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- pbt
- acid
- raw material
- content
- ppm
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/12—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/16—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
- C08G63/18—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds the acids or hydroxy compounds containing carbocyclic rings
- C08G63/181—Acids containing aromatic rings
- C08G63/183—Terephthalic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/78—Preparation processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/78—Preparation processes
- C08G63/80—Solid-state polycondensation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/0004—Oxidoreductases (1.)
- C12N9/0006—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on CH-OH groups as donors (1.1)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/0004—Oxidoreductases (1.)
- C12N9/0008—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors (1.2)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/93—Ligases (6)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
- C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
- C12P7/18—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic polyhydric
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y101/00—Oxidoreductases acting on the CH-OH group of donors (1.1)
- C12Y101/01—Oxidoreductases acting on the CH-OH group of donors (1.1) with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor (1.1.1)
- C12Y101/01061—4-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (1.1.1.61)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y102/00—Oxidoreductases acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors (1.2)
- C12Y102/01—Oxidoreductases acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors (1.2) with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor (1.2.1)
- C12Y102/01024—Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) (1.2.1.24)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y102/00—Oxidoreductases acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors (1.2)
- C12Y102/04—Oxidoreductases acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors (1.2) with a disulfide as acceptor (1.2.4)
- C12Y102/04002—Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (succinyl-transferring) (1.2.4.2), i.e. alpha-ketoglutarat dehydrogenase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y602/00—Ligases forming carbon-sulfur bonds (6.2)
- C12Y602/01—Acid-Thiol Ligases (6.2.1)
- C12Y602/01004—Succinate-CoA ligase (GDP-forming) (6.2.1.4)
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012-128064 | 2012-06-05 | ||
| JP2012128064 | 2012-06-05 | ||
| PCT/JP2013/065365 WO2013183590A1 (ja) | 2012-06-05 | 2013-06-03 | ポリブチレンテレフタレートの製造方法 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104540873A CN104540873A (zh) | 2015-04-22 |
| CN104540873B true CN104540873B (zh) | 2017-09-01 |
Family
ID=49711982
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201380041733.3A Active CN104540873B (zh) | 2012-06-05 | 2013-06-03 | 聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯的制造方法 |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9556307B2 (https=) |
| EP (1) | EP2857435B1 (https=) |
| JP (1) | JP6175912B2 (https=) |
| KR (1) | KR102086324B1 (https=) |
| CN (1) | CN104540873B (https=) |
| AU (1) | AU2013272713B2 (https=) |
| BR (1) | BR112014030475B1 (https=) |
| CA (1) | CA2875771C (https=) |
| EA (1) | EA039158B1 (https=) |
| IN (1) | IN2014DN11259A (https=) |
| MY (1) | MY184525A (https=) |
| SG (1) | SG11201408099VA (https=) |
| TW (1) | TWI664202B (https=) |
| WO (1) | WO2013183590A1 (https=) |
Families Citing this family (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SG11201408096SA (en) | 2012-06-05 | 2015-03-30 | Mitsubishi Chem Corp | Polyester and polyurethane production method |
| TWI751100B (zh) * | 2014-05-05 | 2022-01-01 | 盧森堡商英威達技術有限公司 | 生物衍生之聚胺基甲酸酯纖維 |
| JP6891491B2 (ja) * | 2015-05-20 | 2021-06-18 | 東洋紡株式会社 | ポリエステル樹脂 |
| JP6576132B2 (ja) * | 2015-07-10 | 2019-09-18 | ポリプラスチックス株式会社 | 管状流路形成用ポリアリーレンサルファイド樹脂組成物及びそれを用いた成形体 |
| US11001705B2 (en) | 2015-12-25 | 2021-05-11 | Toyobo Co., Ltd. | Polyester resin composition, light-reflector component containing same, light reflector, and method for producing polyester resin composition |
| KR101774431B1 (ko) * | 2016-01-28 | 2017-09-05 | 한국과학기술원 | 자일로즈로부터 폴리(락테이트-co-글라이콜레이트) 또는 그 공중합체 생산능을 가지는 재조합 미생물 및 이를 이용한 폴리(락테이트-co-글라이콜레이트) 또는 그 공중합체의 제조방법 |
| ES2950395T3 (es) * | 2016-05-30 | 2023-10-09 | Sa Minera Catalano Aragonesa | Método de obtención de polímeros biodegradables |
| EP3559156A1 (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2019-10-30 | SABIC Global Technologies B.V. | Utilization of normal carbon 4 (nc4) recycle stream for secondary and tertiary products |
| WO2018143100A1 (ja) | 2017-02-02 | 2018-08-09 | 東洋紡株式会社 | ポリエステル樹脂組成物、これを含む光反射体用部品および光反射体 |
| JP6642700B2 (ja) | 2017-02-02 | 2020-02-12 | 東洋紡株式会社 | ポリエステル樹脂組成物、これを含む光反射体用部品および光反射体 |
| JP7427355B2 (ja) * | 2018-03-02 | 2024-02-05 | 国立大学法人千葉大学 | 1,3-ブタジエン製造用触媒、前記触媒の製造方法、及び1,3-ブタジエンの製造方法 |
| JP7255479B2 (ja) | 2018-03-26 | 2023-04-11 | 東洋紡株式会社 | ポリエステル樹脂組成物、これを含む光反射体用部品および光反射体 |
| EP3919554A4 (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2022-11-16 | Mitsubishi Engineering-Plastics Corporation | RESIN COMPOSITION FOR POWDER LAMINATION FORMING PROCESS, PELLETS, POWDER, PROCESS FOR MAKING MOLDED ARTICLES AND MOLDED ARTICLE |
| NL2025240B1 (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2021-09-08 | Huhtamaki Molded Fiber Tech Bv | Biodegradable multi-layer packaging element, such as a foil or wrap, for a food product, packaging unit with such packaging element, and method for manufacturing such packaging element |
| CN116194510A (zh) * | 2021-07-05 | 2023-05-30 | 东丽先端材料研究开发(中国)有限公司 | 末端改性聚酯树脂、其组合物、成型品和制备方法 |
| JP2023138389A (ja) * | 2022-03-16 | 2023-10-02 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | ポリブチレンテレフタレートおよびその製造方法 |
| CN118108931B (zh) * | 2024-04-28 | 2024-07-26 | 康辉新材料科技有限公司 | 一种低端羧基聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯及其制备方法 |
| JP2025176682A (ja) * | 2024-05-21 | 2025-12-04 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | テレフタル酸と1,4-ブタンジオールの組成物とそれを用いたポリブチレンテレフタレートの製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0344099B1 (en) * | 1988-05-26 | 1995-04-12 | Sekisui Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | A polyester and an article made of the same |
| US6486367B1 (en) | 1997-12-01 | 2002-11-26 | The Standard Oil Company | Process for the hydrogenation of maleic acid to 1,4-butanediol |
| US20050209374A1 (en) * | 2004-03-19 | 2005-09-22 | Matosky Andrew J | Anaerobically biodegradable polyesters |
| JP2009077719A (ja) | 2005-04-22 | 2009-04-16 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | ポリエステル及びその製造方法 |
| JP2009079057A (ja) | 2005-04-22 | 2009-04-16 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | ポリエステル及びその製造方法 |
| JP2006328380A (ja) * | 2005-04-26 | 2006-12-07 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | ポリエステルの製造方法 |
| JP2006328370A (ja) * | 2005-04-26 | 2006-12-07 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | ポリエステルの製造方法 |
| DE602007004072D1 (de) | 2006-01-27 | 2010-02-11 | Gen Electric | Artikel aus zusammensetzungen mit modifizierten polybutylen-terephthalat-statistik-copolymeren aus polyethylen-terephthalat |
| JP2009525358A (ja) | 2006-01-27 | 2009-07-09 | ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ | ポリアルキレンテレフタレート類とpet由来の変性ポリブチレンテレフタレート(pbt)類とを含む成形組成物 |
| JP5383972B2 (ja) * | 2006-10-19 | 2014-01-08 | 三菱化学株式会社 | ポリブチレンテレフタレート及びポリブチレンテレフタレートの製造方法 |
| JP2008163167A (ja) * | 2006-12-28 | 2008-07-17 | Toray Ind Inc | レーザー溶着用変性ポリエステル樹脂組成物およびそれを用いた複合成形体 |
| LT2821494T (lt) | 2007-03-16 | 2017-04-25 | Genomatica, Inc. | 1,4-butandiolio ir jo pirmtakų biosintezės būdai ir kompozicijos |
| US7799892B2 (en) * | 2008-05-02 | 2010-09-21 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Method of making polybutylene terephthalate and compositions and articles comprising the same |
| SI3199511T1 (sl) | 2009-06-04 | 2020-07-31 | Genomatica, Inc. | Proces separacije komponent fermentacijske brozge |
| US8735515B2 (en) * | 2010-08-19 | 2014-05-27 | Fina Technology, Inc. | “Green” plastic materials and methods of manufacturing the same |
| KR101886473B1 (ko) * | 2011-07-04 | 2018-08-07 | 미쯔비시 케미컬 주식회사 | 테트라하이드로푸란의 제조 방법 |
| CN109574803A (zh) * | 2012-06-05 | 2019-04-05 | 基因组股份公司 | 1,4-丁二醇的制造方法 |
| SG11201408096SA (en) | 2012-06-05 | 2015-03-30 | Mitsubishi Chem Corp | Polyester and polyurethane production method |
-
2013
- 2013-06-03 EP EP13800602.8A patent/EP2857435B1/en active Active
- 2013-06-03 AU AU2013272713A patent/AU2013272713B2/en active Active
- 2013-06-03 EA EA201492263A patent/EA039158B1/ru unknown
- 2013-06-03 MY MYPI2014703634A patent/MY184525A/en unknown
- 2013-06-03 BR BR112014030475-0A patent/BR112014030475B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2013-06-03 WO PCT/JP2013/065365 patent/WO2013183590A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2013-06-03 KR KR1020147036487A patent/KR102086324B1/ko active Active
- 2013-06-03 SG SG11201408099VA patent/SG11201408099VA/en unknown
- 2013-06-03 CN CN201380041733.3A patent/CN104540873B/zh active Active
- 2013-06-03 IN IN11259DEN2014 patent/IN2014DN11259A/en unknown
- 2013-06-03 CA CA2875771A patent/CA2875771C/en active Active
- 2013-06-04 TW TW102119877A patent/TWI664202B/zh active
- 2013-06-04 JP JP2013117830A patent/JP6175912B2/ja active Active
-
2014
- 2014-12-04 US US14/560,800 patent/US9556307B2/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR112014030475B1 (pt) | 2020-12-22 |
| US9556307B2 (en) | 2017-01-31 |
| BR112014030475A2 (pt) | 2017-06-27 |
| KR102086324B1 (ko) | 2020-03-09 |
| JP6175912B2 (ja) | 2017-08-09 |
| MY184525A (en) | 2021-04-01 |
| TW201402644A (zh) | 2014-01-16 |
| CA2875771A1 (en) | 2013-12-12 |
| BR112014030475A8 (pt) | 2018-04-03 |
| SG11201408099VA (en) | 2015-01-29 |
| AU2013272713A1 (en) | 2015-01-15 |
| KR20150035770A (ko) | 2015-04-07 |
| EP2857435A4 (en) | 2015-05-27 |
| IN2014DN11259A (https=) | 2015-10-09 |
| JP2014012822A (ja) | 2014-01-23 |
| WO2013183590A1 (ja) | 2013-12-12 |
| AU2013272713B2 (en) | 2017-02-02 |
| CN104540873A (zh) | 2015-04-22 |
| EA039158B1 (ru) | 2021-12-13 |
| US20150087034A1 (en) | 2015-03-26 |
| EP2857435A1 (en) | 2015-04-08 |
| TWI664202B (zh) | 2019-07-01 |
| EA201492263A1 (ru) | 2015-04-30 |
| CA2875771C (en) | 2020-05-12 |
| EP2857435B1 (en) | 2017-07-26 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104540873B (zh) | 聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯的制造方法 | |
| KR102145640B1 (ko) | 폴리에스터 및 폴리우레탄의 제조 방법 | |
| KR20120110477A (ko) | 젖산과 아이소소바이드가 공중합된 폴리에스테르 수지 및 그 제조방법 | |
| JP5383972B2 (ja) | ポリブチレンテレフタレート及びポリブチレンテレフタレートの製造方法 | |
| JP5799636B2 (ja) | ポリエステルの製造方法 | |
| CN103687893B (zh) | 聚酯的制造方法 | |
| JP2004323837A (ja) | ポリブチレンテレフタレート | |
| JP6900632B2 (ja) | ポリテトラメチレングリコール共重合ポリブチレンテレフタレート | |
| JP6241380B2 (ja) | 1,4−ブタンジオール、該1,4−ブタンジオールを用いたポリエステルの製造方法及び該1,4−ブタンジオールの貯蔵方法 | |
| JP2007224106A (ja) | ポリエステル重縮合用触媒、その製造方法およびポリエステルの製造方法 | |
| JP6274017B2 (ja) | ポリブチレンテレフタレートの製造方法 | |
| TWI632128B (zh) | Composition containing 1,4-butanediol, method for producing polyester using the composition containing 1,4-butanediol, and storage method for composition containing 1,4-butanediol | |
| JP2025121720A (ja) | 成形品及びプリフォーム | |
| JP2015067622A (ja) | ポリエステルの製造方法 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CP01 | Change in the name or title of a patent holder |
Address after: Within Japan Tokyo Chiyoda pill 1 chome No. 1 Co-patentee after: GENOMATICA, Inc. Patentee after: MITSUBISHI CHEMICAL Corp. Address before: Within Japan Tokyo Chiyoda pill 1 chome No. 1 Co-patentee before: Genomatica, Inc. Patentee before: MITSUBISHI RAYON Co.,Ltd. |
|
| CP01 | Change in the name or title of a patent holder | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20170918 Address after: Within Japan Tokyo Chiyoda pill 1 chome No. 1 Co-patentee after: GENOMATICA, Inc. Patentee after: MITSUBISHI RAYON Co.,Ltd. Address before: Within Japan Tokyo Chiyoda pill 1 chome No. 1 Co-patentee before: Genomatica, Inc. Patentee before: MITSUBISHI CHEMICAL Corp. |
|
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |