CN104509490A - Simulated ecological breeding method for Chinese soft-shelled turtles - Google Patents
Simulated ecological breeding method for Chinese soft-shelled turtles Download PDFInfo
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- CN104509490A CN104509490A CN201410770081.3A CN201410770081A CN104509490A CN 104509490 A CN104509490 A CN 104509490A CN 201410770081 A CN201410770081 A CN 201410770081A CN 104509490 A CN104509490 A CN 104509490A
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a simulated ecological breeding method for Chinese soft-shelled turtles, which belongs to the technical field of soft-shelled turtle breeding, the steps are as follows: (1) environmental condition; (2) parent turtle breeding; (3) artificial reproduction and incubation; (4) breeding of turtles; the breeding method meets the growing physiological needs of the turtles to the largest extent in a loose and stable environment, the turtles bred outside cages fall ill less, drug abuse is avoided effectively, the turtles have higher value of commodity, the taste is like that of a wild turtle, and the simulated ecological breeding method has a shorter breeding period than ecological breeding.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis cultural method, be specifically related to a kind of Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis Ecology cultural method, belong to breeding soft-shell turtle technical field.
Background technology
Soft-shelled turtle (AmydaSincnsis), is commonly called as soft-shelled turtle, water fish, the soft-shelled turtle and cuckold etc., oviparity reptile, amphibious life.Turtle delicious, nutritious, there is clearing heat and nourishing yin, calming the liver to stop the wind, the effect of softening and resolving hard mass.Just have in China's record a long time ago " soft-shelled turtle can mend consumptive disease wound, establishing-Yang gas, the deficiency of large tonifying yin ", in " Mingyi Bielu ", claim soft-shelled turtle meat to have effect of tonifying middle-Jiao and Qi in addition; " daily book on Chinese herbal medicine " is thought, the external application of soft-shelled turtle blood can control facial nerve, can be thirsty except apoplexy, consumptive disease hectic fever, and can treat bone tuberculosis; Medical value is high.
Modern study shows, turtle is rich in the nutrients such as animal glue, keratin, copper, vitamin D.Because of the kind of soft-shelled turtle and the difference in life area, its nutrient component is completely the same not to the utmost.According to analysis, the fresh turtle of every hectogram generally contains: moisture 73 ~ 83g, protein 15.3 ~ 17.3g, fat 0.1 ~ 3.5g, carbohydrate 1.6 ~ 1.49g, ash content 0.9 ~ 1g, magnesium 3.9mg, calcium 1 ~ 107mg, iron 1.4 ~ 4.3mg, phosphorus 0.54 ~ 430mg, vitamin A 13 ~ 20 international unit, Cobastab
10.02mg, Cobastab
20.037 ~ 0.047mg, niacin 3.7 ~ 7mg, thiamine 0.62mg, vitamin b3 0.37mg, heat 288 ~ 744 kJ (kilojoule).The fat of soft-shelled turtle, based on unsaturated fatty acid, accounts for 75.43%, and wherein highly unsaturated fatty acid accounts for 32.4%, is 6.54 times of beef, 2.54 times of Tilapia mossambica, and the trace element such as iron is several times even tens times of other food.In addition, the tortoise plastron of soft-shelled turtle is rich in the various trace elements of ossein, protein, fat, peptide class and multiple enzyme and needed by human.Therefore edible soft-shelled turtle can strengthen the resistance against diseases of health and regulate the endocrine function of human body, is also improve breast milk quality, the enhancing immunity of baby and the excellent tonic product of intelligence.
China is existing mainly contains Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis, Palea steindachneri, spot soft-shelled turtle, soft-shelled turtle, wherein common with Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis.Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis extensively distributes in China, and except Xinjiang, Tibet and Qinghai, other each province all produces, and especially economizes output with Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu etc. higher.The artificial cultivating method of Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis is comparatively ripe.CN201210123691.5 discloses a kind of method utilizing nuisanceless pond to carry out Ecological Culture of Tronyx sinensis, comprise arrange that pond, seed are put in a suitable place to breed, pool oxygenation, transplanting pasture and water, feedstuff feeding, daily management, disease control, optimize ecotope, facilitate the material recycle in Cultivated water, natural erbium material is abundanter, the Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis that ecologic breeding is produced, pollution-free, maintain the original taste of wild Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis; CN201410253046.4 discloses a kind of Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis environmentally-friendly pond culture method, comprises the steps: the selection in (1) pond; (2) preparation of ponds and water plants configure; (3) breeding density; (4) feed with throw something and feed; (5) regulating and controlling water quality and daily management; (6) soft-shelled turtle is become to fish for.Although ecologic breeding can ensure the Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis that cultivates the out quality close to wild soft-shelled turtle, relative cost is higher, manages more complicated; And be only the problem declined to some extent that man-made pond(pool) cultivation can bring soft-shelled turtle.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to existing method Problems existing, a kind of Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis Ecology cultural method is provided, this cultural method makes soft-shelled turtle in loose and stable environment, meet the psychological need of growth to greatest extent, the soft-shelled turtle disease of putting in a suitable place to breed is few, effectively prevent drug abuse, the commodity value of soft-shelled turtle is higher, and food flavor is as wild, and shorter than the cycle of ecologic breeding.
In order to solve the problem, the method applied in the present invention scheme is:
A kind of Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis Ecology cultural method, comprises the following steps:
(1) environmental condition
A. place election:
Environment is quiet, it is pollution-free to have abundant water resources, and water power has a good transport service, draining of intaking builds pond in place easily;
B. soft-shelled turtle pond type and specification:
Position, soft-shelled turtle pond is leeward on the sunny side; The type in soft-shelled turtle pond is divided into young soft-shelled turtle pond, young soft-shelled turtle pond, becomes soft-shelled turtle pond, close soft-shelled turtle pond and temperature control wintering pond; Its specification is: young soft-shelled turtle pond 50m
2~ 100m
2, young soft-shelled turtle pond 500m
2~ 1500m
2, become soft-shelled turtle pond 500m
2~ 5000m
2, close soft-shelled turtle pond 500m
2~ 3500m
2; Chi Shen is young soft-shelled turtle pond 1.2m ~ 1.5m, young soft-shelled turtle pond 1.5m ~ 1.8m, becomes soft-shelled turtle pond 1.8 m ~ 2.5 m, close soft-shelled turtle pond 1.8 m ~ 2.5 m; The depth of water is young soft-shelled turtle pond 0.5 m ~ 0.8 m, young soft-shelled turtle pond 0.8 m ~ 1.2 m, becomes soft-shelled turtle pond 1.2 m ~ 1.8 m, close soft-shelled turtle pond 1.2 m ~ 1.8 m;
C. prevent escaping facility:
Be built into the high enclosure wall of 60 cm ~ 80 cm with fragment of brick or ceramic tile in pond week, corner is curved, and eaves 8 cm ~ 10 cm is inwardly stretched on wall top, enters discharge outlet place device firmly wire netting, in case soft-shelled turtle runs away at rearing pool; Make regular check on, keep in repair or upgrade;
D. spawning place:
Room of laying eggs is built on close soft-shelled turtle pond faces south side Chi Geng; Every 100 ~ 120 female soft-shelled turtles build 2 m
2room of laying eggs, high 2 m in room, caping, shading; Spread the fine sand of thick 28cm ~ 32cm in room, Shamian Island and ground maintain an equal level, and lay the slope in 30 ° in easy flights to room of laying eggs by soft-shelled turtle pond, being convenient to female soft-shelled turtle can be freely upper and lower along slope;
E. feed table:
Be inclined in pool side with the cement pre-fabricated panel (or bamboo clappers, plank) of long 3 m, wide 1 m ~ 2 m, plate is long to be flooded into 10 cm ~ 15 cm under water, and another side surfaces, the gradient 13 ° ~ 16 °;
F. flat roof:
By four Bian Chi slopes in pond by 1:1.25 the gradient from the bottom of the pool to exceeding water surface 1m, with the cement that cement making 0.5 cm ~ 0.8 cm is thick;
(2) close soft-shelled turtle is cultivated
A. close soft-shelled turtle is selected:
Choose and meet Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis characteristic of division, physically fit, profile is complete, normal without disability, undistorted, body colour, skin Lightening, shirt rim plump resilient 4 age ~ 6 ages, body weight 2 kg ~ 3 kg are individual as close soft-shelled turtle;
B. put in a suitable place to breed:
Before putting in a suitable place to breed, pond and soft-shelled turtle body carry out disinfection; Breeding density is 0.3 ~ 0.5/m
2, the ratio of stocking of male and female soft-shelled turtle is 4:1; Feed comprises the composite nursing of feed of animal origin, vegetable feed and manufactured feed, and it is 1% ~ 3% of soft-shelled turtle body weight that the day of manufactured feed throws the amount of raising (dry weight), and it is 5% ~ 10% of soft-shelled turtle body weight that the day of fresh and alive feed throws the amount of raising; Before throwing something and feeding fresh and alive feed clean, chopping, manufactured feed is processed into soft or hard, the agglomerate of suitable size or particle, throws on the feed table do not had by water logging; During water temperature 18 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C, within two days, throw something and feed once, during water temperature 20 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, throw something and feed every day once, when water temperature is more than 25 DEG C, throw something and feed twice every day, be respectively 7:00 ~ 8:00 and 16:30 ~ 17:00; Throw 40% of day feeding volume the morning, throw 60% in the afternoon; Throwing removes residual bait before raising, and carries out food record;
C. daily management:
Patrol the pool: sooner or later make an inspection tour;
Prevention from suffering from the diseases: before putting in a suitable place to breed, thorough disinfection process is carried out in reply pond, Chi Shui drains, keep there are 18 ~ 22 cm ooze at the bottom of pond, every 666.7m2 soft-shelled turtle pond full pool spilling head after 100 kg ~ 150 kg quicklime slurryings, then be exposed to the sun 7 d ~ 10 d, or use the bleaching powder 1 mg/L ~ 2 mg/L full pool spilling head containing available chlorine 30%;
Regulation and control water quality: every day periodic monitor water quality;
Biological preventing: in pond, cover supports a small amount of silver carp, crucian and bighead, cover supports amount for per hectare 1500 tail; The a small amount of water plants of water surface planting, raw plant area must not exceed water surface area 1/4th; Use the probio regulating water qualities such as photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and bacillus;
D. sick soft-shelled turtle isolation: once find disease soft-shelled turtle, even if should isolated rearing be carried out, and carry out drug treating in isolated area;
(3) artificial propagation and hatching:
A is laid eggs management:
At spawning season in April ~ September, every morning makes an inspection tour spawning place, collects soft-shelled turtle ovum; Egg-laying environment wants environment quiet, and spawning ground sand bed humidity is suitable for, and water content is 6.5% ~ 7.5%, namely pinches agglomerating with hand, namely loose being as the criterion of loosing one's grip;
B. hatch:
The artificial incubation of soft-shelled turtle ovum is carried out in Constant temperature hatch case or hatching room, and control incubation medium (fine sand, sponge etc.) temperature at 33 DEG C ~ 34 DEG C, water content control is 7% ~ 8%, and air humidity is 81% ~ 82%; By the fertilized egg animal pole after differentiating upward, layering is in a row fitly imbedded in sand table, and ovum spacing 1cm must not stir fertilized egg in hatching process, hatches 40 d ~ 45 d under 32 DEG C ~ 34 DEG C conditions;
C. young soft-shelled turtle is supported temporarily:
The young soft-shelled turtle just having gone out shell need support 24 h temporarily in basin, support the smooth plastics basin of basin diameter 1 m, high 30 cm temporarily, fine sand 10 cm is put in basin, and fill water to not having fine sand 2 cm ~ 3 cm, supporting density is temporarily 200, every basin, support temperature temporarily identical with hatching house's temperature, namely can be moved to young soft-shelled turtle pond after supporting 24 h temporarily and cultivate; Or support temporarily with the young soft-shelled turtle storage pond, holding pond built specially, storage pond, holding pond is dark 0.5 m, wide 1 m generally, slightly tilt at the bottom of pond, have into discharge outlet, built-in plank, as feed table, puts a small amount of water plants, keeps the depth of water 2 cm ~ 5 cm, can support 90 ~ 110 young soft-shelled turtles temporarily for every square metre;
(4) raising of soft-shelled turtle
A. the raising of young soft-shelled turtle:
Young soft-shelled turtle pond is put first half of the month in a suitable place to breed in young soft-shelled turtle and is carried out draining, desilting and sterilization, and sterilization method is that per hectare uses quicklime 1500 kg ~ 2150 kg, and after changing water, evenly splash in full pond, then 7 d ~ 10 d that are exposed to the sun; Sterilize soft-shelled turtle pond water filling 70 cm after 3 d ~ 7 d, filters, put into the water plants after sterilization after water filling at the water surface during water filling with 70 mesh sieve tulles; 7 d ~ 10 d after rich water, oogenesis freshwater shrimp 45 kg ~ 75 kg and spiral shell 650 kg ~ 750 kg is put in per hectare pond in a suitable place to breed; Select without sick and wounded, without inferior, have vigor, the young soft-shelled turtle of individual weight 3 g ~ 5 g, with potassium permanganate 20 mg/L dipping bath 20 min before putting in a suitable place to breed, the morning case or a point difference that sterilization soft-shelled turtle is housed are put into water gently at fine day, soft-shelled turtle is allowed to climb out of voluntarily, swim in water, every square metre of water surface puts 20 ~ 30 in a suitable place to breed; Feed is thrown something and fed by the method in step (2);
B. the raising of young soft-shelled turtle:
Every square metre of water surface puts the young soft-shelled turtle 5 ~ 8 of 50 g ~ 100 g in a suitable place to breed, the morning case or a point difference that sterilization soft-shelled turtle is housed is put into water gently, allow soft-shelled turtle climb out of voluntarily, swim in water at fine day; Feed is thrown something and fed by the method in step (2);
C. soft-shelled turtle is become:
Every 666.7 ㎡ waters surface put the young soft-shelled turtle 150 ~ 200 of 100 g ~ 300 g in a suitable place to breed, the morning case or a point difference that sterilization soft-shelled turtle is housed are put into water gently, allow soft-shelled turtle climb out of voluntarily, swim in water at fine day; Feed is thrown something and fed by the method in step (2);
D. results are fished for:
Employing drains artificial capture method after Chi Shui, and stop eating before seizure 1 d ~ 2 d, and the soft-shelled turtle caught out concentrates in net cage to be cleaned, and an a soft-shelled turtle little woven bag is packed.
Described (2) close soft-shelled turtle cultivate in feed of animal origin and vegetable feed previous crops of throwing something and feeding disinfect;
Described (2) close soft-shelled turtle sexual maturity soft-shelled turtle that in cultivating, close soft-shelled turtle selects non-closed crossing that is wild or artificially breeding to cultivate;
Described water plants is water lettuce, weter hyacinth;
Described conditions for sterilization is, environment disinfected: soft-shelled turtle pond surrounding enviroment bleaching powder is sprayed or splashed; Soft-shelled turtle body is sterilized: working concentration is potassium permanganate dipping 15 min ~ 20 min of 15 mg/L ~ 20 mg/L, or working concentration is salt dipping bath 10 min of 3%; Feed disinfection: for throwing the fresh and alive feed of raising, soak 15 min ~ 20 min with potassium permanganate 20 mg/L after wash clean, or with salt 5% dipping bath 5 min ~ 10 min, then use fresh water rinsed clean; Instrument is sterilized: various instruments used in breeding process should regularly be sterilized, sterilization method for soak 20 min ~ 30 min with potassium permanganate 20 mg/L, or with salt 5% dipping bath 20 min ~ 30 min or embathe 20 min with bleaching powder 5% and to splash material platform and flat roof with bleaching powder or other chlorinated products weekly.
The present invention relative to existing methodical beneficial effect is:
(1) Ecology soft-shelled turtle is the growing environment of simulating under field conditions (factors), adopt the cultivating large area pond of non-controlling temp type, low-density green cultivation pattern, make soft-shelled turtle in loose and stable environment, meet the psychological need of growth to greatest extent, as shone lid and hibernation fully, throw something and feed nutritious natural bait etc., the soft-shelled turtle disease of putting in a suitable place to breed is few, effectively prevent drug abuse.Shorter than the cycle of ecologic breeding, but higher than the commodity value of general pond, greenhouse cultivation, and food flavor is as wild.The present invention utilizes the growth characteristics according to Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis, adopt Ecology cultural method Raised turtle, make soft-shelled turtle in loose and stable environment, meet the psychological need of growth to greatest extent, the soft-shelled turtle disease of putting in a suitable place to breed is few, effectively prevent drug abuse, the commodity value of soft-shelled turtle is higher, and food flavor is as wild, and shorter than the cycle of ecologic breeding.
(2) Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis Ecology cultural method provided by the invention, the nutritive values such as the oil fatty acid of the Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis basic nutrition composition, amino acid and the fat lump that cultivate out higher than greenhouse soft-shelled turtle, remarkable in economical benefits.
Embodiment
Be described in further details the present invention below by embodiment, these embodiments are only used for the present invention is described, do not limit the scope of the invention.
embodiment 1
A kind of Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis Ecology cultural method, comprises the following steps:
(1) environmental condition
A. place election:
Environment is quiet, it is pollution-free to have abundant water resources, and water power has a good transport service, draining of intaking builds pond in place easily;
B. soft-shelled turtle pond type and specification:
Position, soft-shelled turtle pond is leeward on the sunny side; The type in soft-shelled turtle pond is divided into young soft-shelled turtle pond, young soft-shelled turtle pond, becomes soft-shelled turtle pond, close soft-shelled turtle pond and temperature control wintering pond; Its specification is: young soft-shelled turtle pond 50m
2, young soft-shelled turtle pond 500m
2, become soft-shelled turtle pond 500m
2, close soft-shelled turtle pond 500m
2; Chi Shen is young soft-shelled turtle pond 1.2m children soft-shelled turtle pond 1.5m, becomes soft-shelled turtle pond 1.8 m, close soft-shelled turtle pond 1.8 m; The depth of water is young soft-shelled turtle pond 0.5 m, young soft-shelled turtle pond 0.8 m, becomes soft-shelled turtle pond 1.2 m, close soft-shelled turtle pond 1.2 m;
C. prevent escaping facility:
Be built into the high enclosure wall of 60 cm with fragment of brick or ceramic tile in pond week, corner is curved, and eaves 8 cm is inwardly stretched on wall top, enters discharge outlet place device firmly wire netting, in case soft-shelled turtle runs away at rearing pool; Make regular check on, keep in repair or upgrade;
D. spawning place:
Room of laying eggs is built on close soft-shelled turtle pond faces south side Chi Geng; Every 100 female soft-shelled turtles build 2 m
2room of laying eggs, high 2 m in room, caping, shading; Spread the fine sand of thick 28cm in room, Shamian Island and ground maintain an equal level, and lay the slope in 30 ° in easy flights to room of laying eggs by soft-shelled turtle pond, being convenient to female soft-shelled turtle can be freely upper and lower along slope;
E. feed table:
Be inclined in pool side with the cement pre-fabricated panel (or bamboo clappers, plank) of long 3 m, wide 1 m, plate is long to be flooded into 10 cm under water, and another side surfaces, the gradient 13 °;
F. flat roof:
By four Bian Chi slopes in pond by 1:1.25 the gradient from the bottom of the pool to exceeding water surface 1m, with the cement that cement making 0.5 cm is thick;
(2) close soft-shelled turtle is cultivated
A. close soft-shelled turtle is selected:
Choose and meet Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis characteristic of division, physically fit, profile is complete, normal without disability, undistorted, body colour, skin Lightening, shirt rim plump resilient 4 age ~ 6 ages, body weight 2 kg ~ 3 kg are individual as close soft-shelled turtle;
B. put in a suitable place to breed:
Before putting in a suitable place to breed, pond and soft-shelled turtle body carry out disinfection; Breeding density is 0.3/m
2, the ratio of stocking of male and female soft-shelled turtle is 4:1; Feed comprises the composite nursing of feed of animal origin, vegetable feed and manufactured feed, and it is 1% ~ 3% of soft-shelled turtle body weight that the day of manufactured feed throws the amount of raising (dry weight), and it is 5% of soft-shelled turtle body weight that the day of fresh and alive feed throws the amount of raising; Before throwing something and feeding fresh and alive feed clean, chopping, manufactured feed is processed into soft or hard, the agglomerate of suitable size or particle, throws on the feed table do not had by water logging; During water temperature 18 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C, within two days, throw something and feed once, during water temperature 20 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, throw something and feed every day once, when water temperature is more than 25 DEG C, throw something and feed twice every day, be respectively 7:00 ~ 8:00 and 16:30 ~ 17:00; Throw 40% of day feeding volume the morning, throw 60% in the afternoon; Throwing removes residual bait before raising, and carries out food record;
C. daily management:
Patrol the pool: sooner or later make an inspection tour;
Prevention from suffering from the diseases: before putting in a suitable place to breed, thorough disinfection process is carried out in reply pond, Chi Shui drains, and keeping has 18cm ooze, every 666.7m2 soft-shelled turtle pond full pool spilling head after 100 kg quicklime slurryings at the bottom of pond, then be exposed to the sun 7 d, or use the bleaching powder 1 mg/L full pool spilling head containing available chlorine 30%;
Regulation and control water quality: every day periodic monitor water quality;
Biological preventing: in pond, cover supports a small amount of silver carp, crucian and bighead, cover supports amount for per hectare 1500 tail; The a small amount of water plants of water surface planting, raw plant area must not exceed water surface area 1/4th; Use the probio regulating water qualities such as photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and bacillus;
D. sick soft-shelled turtle isolation: once find disease soft-shelled turtle, even if should isolated rearing be carried out, and carry out drug treating in isolated area;
(3) artificial propagation and hatching:
A is laid eggs management:
At spawning season in April ~ September, every morning makes an inspection tour spawning place, collects soft-shelled turtle ovum; Egg-laying environment wants environment quiet, and spawning ground sand bed humidity is suitable for, and water content is 6.5% ~ 7.5%, namely pinches agglomerating with hand, namely loose being as the criterion of loosing one's grip;
B. hatch:
The artificial incubation of soft-shelled turtle ovum is carried out in Constant temperature hatch case or hatching room, and control incubation medium (fine sand, sponge etc.) temperature at 33 DEG C ~ 34 DEG C, water content control is 7% ~ 8%, and air humidity is 81% ~ 82%; By the fertilized egg animal pole after differentiating upward, layering is in a row fitly imbedded in sand table, and ovum spacing 1cm must not stir fertilized egg in hatching process, hatches 40 d under 32 DEG C of conditions;
C. young soft-shelled turtle is supported temporarily:
The young soft-shelled turtle just having gone out shell need support 24 h temporarily in basin, supports the smooth plastics basin of basin diameter 1 m, high 30 cm temporarily, puts fine sand 10 cm in basin, and fill water to not having fine sand 2 cm, supporting density is temporarily 200, every basin, and foster temperature is identical with hatching house's temperature temporarily, namely can be moved to young soft-shelled turtle pond and cultivate after supporting 24 h temporarily; Or support temporarily with the young soft-shelled turtle storage pond, holding pond built specially, storage pond, holding pond is dark 0.5 m, wide 1 m generally, slightly tilt at the bottom of pond, have into discharge outlet, built-in plank, as feed table, puts a small amount of water plants, keeps the depth of water 2 cm, can support 90 young soft-shelled turtles temporarily for every square metre;
(4) raising of soft-shelled turtle
A. the raising of young soft-shelled turtle:
Young soft-shelled turtle pond is put first half of the month in a suitable place to breed in young soft-shelled turtle and is carried out draining, desilting and sterilization, and sterilization method is that per hectare uses quicklime 1500 kg, and after changing water, evenly splash in full pond, then 7 d that are exposed to the sun; Sterilize soft-shelled turtle pond water filling 70 cm after 3 d, filters, put into the water plants after sterilization after water filling at the water surface during water filling with 70 mesh sieve tulles; 7 d after rich water, oogenesis freshwater shrimp 45 kg and spiral shell 650 kg is put in per hectare pond in a suitable place to breed; Select without sick and wounded, without inferior, have vigor, the young soft-shelled turtle of individual weight 3 g ~ 5 g, with potassium permanganate 20 mg/L dipping bath 20 min before putting in a suitable place to breed, the morning case or a point difference that sterilization soft-shelled turtle is housed are put into water gently at fine day, allow soft-shelled turtle climb out of voluntarily, swim in water, every square metre of water surface puts 20 in a suitable place to breed; Feed is thrown something and fed by the method in step (2);
B. the raising of young soft-shelled turtle:
Every square metre of water surface puts the young soft-shelled turtle 8 of 50 g ~ 60 g in a suitable place to breed, the morning case or a point difference that sterilization soft-shelled turtle is housed is put into water gently, allow soft-shelled turtle climb out of voluntarily, swim in water at fine day; Feed is thrown something and fed by the method in step (2);
C. soft-shelled turtle is become:
Every 666.7 ㎡ waters surface put the young soft-shelled turtle 200 of 100 g ~ 120g in a suitable place to breed, the morning case or a point difference that sterilization soft-shelled turtle is housed are put into water gently, allow soft-shelled turtle climb out of voluntarily, swim in water at fine day; Feed is thrown something and fed by the method in step (2);
D. results are fished for:
Employing drains artificial capture method after Chi Shui, and stop eating before seizure 1 d, and the soft-shelled turtle caught out concentrates in net cage to be cleaned, and an a soft-shelled turtle little woven bag is packed.
embodiment 2
A kind of Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis Ecology cultural method, comprises the following steps:
(1) environmental condition
A. place election:
Environment is quiet, it is pollution-free to have abundant water resources, and water power has a good transport service, draining of intaking builds pond in place easily;
B. soft-shelled turtle pond type and specification:
Position, soft-shelled turtle pond is leeward on the sunny side; The type in soft-shelled turtle pond is divided into young soft-shelled turtle pond, young soft-shelled turtle pond, becomes soft-shelled turtle pond, close soft-shelled turtle pond and temperature control wintering pond; Its specification is: young soft-shelled turtle pond 100m
2, young soft-shelled turtle pond 1500m
2, become soft-shelled turtle pond 5000m
2, close soft-shelled turtle pond 3500m
2; Chi Shen is young soft-shelled turtle pond 1.5m, young soft-shelled turtle pond 1.8m, becomes soft-shelled turtle pond 2.5 m, close soft-shelled turtle pond 2.5 m; The depth of water is young soft-shelled turtle pond 0.8 m, young soft-shelled turtle pond 1.2 m, becomes soft-shelled turtle pond 1.8 m, close soft-shelled turtle pond 1.8 m;
C. prevent escaping facility:
Be built into the high enclosure wall of 80 cm with fragment of brick or ceramic tile in pond week, corner is curved, and eaves 10 cm is inwardly stretched on wall top, enters discharge outlet place device firmly wire netting, in case soft-shelled turtle runs away at rearing pool; Make regular check on, keep in repair or upgrade;
D. spawning place:
Room of laying eggs is built on close soft-shelled turtle pond faces south side Chi Geng; Every 120 female soft-shelled turtles build 2 m
2room of laying eggs, high 2 m in room, caping, shading; Spread the fine sand of thick 32cm in room, Shamian Island and ground maintain an equal level, and lay the slope in 30 ° in easy flights to room of laying eggs by soft-shelled turtle pond, being convenient to female soft-shelled turtle can be freely upper and lower along slope;
E. feed table:
Be inclined in pool side with the cement pre-fabricated panel (or bamboo clappers, plank) of long 3 m, wide 2 m, plate is long to be flooded into 15 cm under water, and another side surfaces, the gradient 16 °;
F. flat roof:
By four Bian Chi slopes in pond by 1:1.25 the gradient from the bottom of the pool to exceeding water surface 1m, with the cement that cement making 0.8 cm is thick;
(2) close soft-shelled turtle is cultivated
A. close soft-shelled turtle is selected:
Choose and meet Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis characteristic of division, physically fit, profile is complete, normal without disability, undistorted, body colour, skin Lightening, shirt rim plump resilient 4 age ~ 6 ages, body weight 2 kg ~ 3 kg are individual as close soft-shelled turtle;
B. put in a suitable place to breed:
Before putting in a suitable place to breed, pond and soft-shelled turtle body carry out disinfection; Breeding density is 0.5/m
2, the ratio of stocking of male and female soft-shelled turtle is 4:1; Feed comprises the composite nursing of feed of animal origin, vegetable feed and manufactured feed, and it is 3% of soft-shelled turtle body weight that the day of manufactured feed throws the amount of raising (dry weight), and it is 10% of soft-shelled turtle body weight that the day of fresh and alive feed throws the amount of raising; Before throwing something and feeding fresh and alive feed clean, chopping, manufactured feed is processed into soft or hard, the agglomerate of suitable size or particle, throws on the feed table do not had by water logging; During water temperature 18 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C, within two days, throw something and feed once, during water temperature 20 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, throw something and feed every day once, when water temperature is more than 25 DEG C, throw something and feed twice every day, be respectively 7:00 ~ 8:00 and 16:30 ~ 17:00; Throw 40% of day feeding volume the morning, throw 60% in the afternoon; Throwing removes residual bait before raising, and carries out food record;
C. daily management:
Patrol the pool: sooner or later make an inspection tour;
Prevention from suffering from the diseases: before putting in a suitable place to breed, thorough disinfection process is carried out in reply pond, Chi Shui drains, and keeping has 22 cm ooze, every 666.7m2 soft-shelled turtle pond full pool spilling head after 150 kg quicklime slurryings at the bottom of pond, then be exposed to the sun 10 d, or use the bleaching powder 2 mg/L full pool spilling head containing available chlorine 30%;
Regulation and control water quality: every day periodic monitor water quality;
Biological preventing: in pond, cover supports a small amount of silver carp, crucian and bighead, cover supports amount for per hectare 1500 tail; The a small amount of water plants of water surface planting, raw plant area must not exceed water surface area 1/4th; Use the probio regulating water qualities such as photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and bacillus;
D. sick soft-shelled turtle isolation: once find disease soft-shelled turtle, even if should isolated rearing be carried out, and carry out drug treating in isolated area;
(3) artificial propagation and hatching:
A is laid eggs management:
At spawning season in April ~ September, every morning makes an inspection tour spawning place, collects soft-shelled turtle ovum; Egg-laying environment wants environment quiet, and spawning ground sand bed humidity is suitable for, and water content is 6.5% ~ 7.5%, namely pinches agglomerating with hand, namely loose being as the criterion of loosing one's grip;
B. hatch:
The artificial incubation of soft-shelled turtle ovum is carried out in Constant temperature hatch case or hatching room, and control incubation medium (fine sand, sponge etc.) temperature at 33 DEG C ~ 34 DEG C, water content control is 7% ~ 8%, and air humidity is 81% ~ 82%; By the fertilized egg animal pole after differentiating upward, layering is in a row fitly imbedded in sand table, and ovum spacing 1cm must not stir fertilized egg in hatching process, hatches 45 d under 34 DEG C of conditions;
C. young soft-shelled turtle is supported temporarily:
The young soft-shelled turtle just having gone out shell need support 24 h temporarily in basin, supports the smooth plastics basin of basin diameter 1 m, high 30 cm temporarily, puts fine sand 10 cm in basin, and fill water to not having fine sand 3 cm, supporting density is temporarily 200, every basin, and foster temperature is identical with hatching house's temperature temporarily, namely can be moved to young soft-shelled turtle pond and cultivate after supporting 24 h temporarily; Or support temporarily with the young soft-shelled turtle storage pond, holding pond built specially, storage pond, holding pond is dark 0.5 m, wide 1 m generally, slightly tilt at the bottom of pond, have into discharge outlet, built-in plank, as feed table, puts a small amount of water plants, keeps the depth of water 5 cm, can support 110 young soft-shelled turtles temporarily for every square metre;
(4) raising of soft-shelled turtle
A. the raising of young soft-shelled turtle:
Young soft-shelled turtle pond is put first half of the month in a suitable place to breed in young soft-shelled turtle and is carried out draining, desilting and sterilization, and sterilization method is that per hectare uses quicklime 2150 kg, and after changing water, evenly splash in full pond, then 10 d that are exposed to the sun; Sterilize soft-shelled turtle pond water filling 70 cm after 7 d, filters, put into the water plants after sterilization after water filling at the water surface during water filling with 70 mesh sieve tulles; 10 d after rich water, oogenesis freshwater shrimp 75 kg and spiral shell 750 kg is put in per hectare pond in a suitable place to breed; Select without sick and wounded, without inferior, have vigor, the young soft-shelled turtle of individual weight 3 g ~ 5 g, with potassium permanganate 20 mg/L dipping bath 20 min before putting in a suitable place to breed, the morning case or a point difference that sterilization soft-shelled turtle is housed are put into water gently at fine day, allow soft-shelled turtle climb out of voluntarily, swim in water, every square metre of water surface puts 30 in a suitable place to breed; Feed is thrown something and fed by the method in step (2);
B. the raising of young soft-shelled turtle:
Every square metre of water surface puts the young soft-shelled turtle 5 of 80 g ~ 100 g in a suitable place to breed, the morning case or a point difference that sterilization soft-shelled turtle is housed is put into water gently, allow soft-shelled turtle climb out of voluntarily, swim in water at fine day; Feed is thrown something and fed by the method in step (2);
C. soft-shelled turtle is become:
Every 666.7 ㎡ waters surface put the young soft-shelled turtle 150 of 180 g ~ 300 g in a suitable place to breed, the morning case or a point difference that sterilization soft-shelled turtle is housed are put into water gently, allow soft-shelled turtle climb out of voluntarily, swim in water at fine day; Feed is thrown something and fed by the method in step (2);
D. results are fished for:
Employing drains artificial capture method after Chi Shui, and stop eating before seizure 2 d, and the soft-shelled turtle caught out concentrates in net cage to be cleaned, and an a soft-shelled turtle little woven bag is packed.
embodiment 3
A kind of Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis Ecology cultural method, comprises the following steps:
(1) environmental condition
A. place election:
Environment is quiet, it is pollution-free to have abundant water resources, and water power has a good transport service, draining of intaking builds pond in place easily;
B. soft-shelled turtle pond type and specification:
Position, soft-shelled turtle pond is leeward on the sunny side; The type in soft-shelled turtle pond is divided into young soft-shelled turtle pond, young soft-shelled turtle pond, becomes soft-shelled turtle pond, close soft-shelled turtle pond and temperature control wintering pond; Its specification is: young soft-shelled turtle pond 75m
2, young soft-shelled turtle pond 1000m
2, become soft-shelled turtle pond 2575 m
2, close soft-shelled turtle pond 2000m
2; Chi Shen is young soft-shelled turtle pond 1.35m, young soft-shelled turtle pond 1.65m, becomes soft-shelled turtle pond 2.15 m, close soft-shelled turtle pond 2.15 m; The depth of water is young soft-shelled turtle pond 0.65 m, young soft-shelled turtle pond 1.0m, becomes soft-shelled turtle pond 1.5m, close soft-shelled turtle pond 1.5 m;
C. prevent escaping facility:
Be built into the high enclosure wall of 70 cm with fragment of brick or ceramic tile in pond week, corner is curved, and eaves 9cm is inwardly stretched on wall top, enters discharge outlet place device firmly wire netting, in case soft-shelled turtle runs away at rearing pool; Make regular check on, keep in repair or upgrade;
D. spawning place:
Room of laying eggs is built on close soft-shelled turtle pond faces south side Chi Geng; Every 110 female soft-shelled turtles build 2 m
2room of laying eggs, high 2 m in room, caping, shading; Spread the fine sand of thick 30 cm in room, Shamian Island and ground maintain an equal level, and lay the slope in 30 ° in easy flights to room of laying eggs by soft-shelled turtle pond, being convenient to female soft-shelled turtle can be freely upper and lower along slope;
E. feed table:
Be inclined in pool side with the cement pre-fabricated panel (or bamboo clappers, plank) of long 3 m, wide 1.5m, plate is long to be flooded into 12.5 cm under water, and another side surfaces, the gradient 15 °;
F. flat roof:
By four Bian Chi slopes in pond by 1:1.25 the gradient from the bottom of the pool to exceeding water surface 1m, with the cement that cement making 0.65 cm is thick;
(2) close soft-shelled turtle is cultivated
A. close soft-shelled turtle is selected:
Choose and meet Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis characteristic of division, physically fit, profile is complete, normal without disability, undistorted, body colour, skin Lightening, shirt rim plump resilient 4 age ~ 6 ages, body weight 2 kg ~ 3 kg are individual as close soft-shelled turtle;
B. put in a suitable place to breed:
Before putting in a suitable place to breed, pond and soft-shelled turtle body carry out disinfection; Breeding density is 0.4/m
2, the ratio of stocking of male and female soft-shelled turtle is 4:1; Feed comprises the composite nursing of feed of animal origin, vegetable feed and manufactured feed, and it is 1% ~ 3% of soft-shelled turtle body weight that the day of manufactured feed throws the amount of raising (dry weight), and it is 7.5% of soft-shelled turtle body weight that the day of fresh and alive feed throws the amount of raising; Before throwing something and feeding fresh and alive feed clean, chopping, manufactured feed is processed into soft or hard, the agglomerate of suitable size or particle, throws on the feed table do not had by water logging; During water temperature 18 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C, within two days, throw something and feed once, during water temperature 20 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, throw something and feed every day once, when water temperature is more than 25 DEG C, throw something and feed twice every day, be respectively 7:00 ~ 8:00 and 16:30 ~ 17:00; Throw 40% of day feeding volume the morning, throw 60% in the afternoon; Throwing removes residual bait before raising, and carries out food record;
C. daily management:
Patrol the pool: sooner or later make an inspection tour;
Prevention from suffering from the diseases: before putting in a suitable place to breed, thorough disinfection process is carried out in reply pond, Chi Shui drains, and keeping has 20 cm ooze, every 666.7m2 soft-shelled turtle pond full pool spilling head after 125 kg quicklime slurryings at the bottom of pond, then be exposed to the sun 8 d, or use the bleaching powder 1.5 mg/L full pool spilling head containing available chlorine 30%;
Regulation and control water quality: every day periodic monitor water quality;
Biological preventing: in pond, cover supports a small amount of silver carp, crucian and bighead, cover supports amount for per hectare 1500 tail; The a small amount of water plants of water surface planting, raw plant area must not exceed water surface area 1/4th; Use the probio regulating water qualities such as photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and bacillus;
D. sick soft-shelled turtle isolation: once find disease soft-shelled turtle, even if should isolated rearing be carried out, and carry out drug treating in isolated area;
(3) artificial propagation and hatching:
A is laid eggs management:
At spawning season in April ~ September, every morning makes an inspection tour spawning place, collects soft-shelled turtle ovum; Egg-laying environment wants environment quiet, and spawning ground sand bed humidity is suitable for, and water content is 6.5% ~ 7.5%, namely pinches agglomerating with hand, namely loose being as the criterion of loosing one's grip;
B. hatch:
The artificial incubation of soft-shelled turtle ovum is carried out in Constant temperature hatch case or hatching room, and control incubation medium (fine sand, sponge etc.) temperature at 33 DEG C ~ 34 DEG C, water content control is 7% ~ 8%, and air humidity is 81% ~ 82%; By the fertilized egg animal pole after differentiating upward, layering is in a row fitly imbedded in sand table, and ovum spacing 1cm must not stir fertilized egg in hatching process, hatches 43 d under 33 DEG C of conditions;
C. young soft-shelled turtle is supported temporarily:
The young soft-shelled turtle just having gone out shell need support 24 h temporarily in basin, support the smooth plastics basin of basin diameter 1 m, high 30 cm temporarily, fine sand 10 cm is put in basin, and fill water to not having fine sand 2.5 cm, supporting density is temporarily 200, every basin, support temperature temporarily identical with hatching house's temperature, namely can be moved to young soft-shelled turtle pond after supporting 24 h temporarily and cultivate; Or support temporarily with the young soft-shelled turtle storage pond, holding pond built specially, storage pond, holding pond is dark 0.5 m, wide 1 m generally, slightly tilt at the bottom of pond, have into discharge outlet, built-in plank, as feed table, puts a small amount of water plants, keeps the depth of water 2 cm ~ 5 cm, can support 100 young soft-shelled turtles temporarily for every square metre;
(4) raising of soft-shelled turtle
A. the raising of young soft-shelled turtle:
Young soft-shelled turtle pond is put first half of the month in a suitable place to breed in young soft-shelled turtle and is carried out draining, desilting and sterilization, and sterilization method is that per hectare uses quicklime 1800 kg, and after changing water, evenly splash in full pond, then 8 d that are exposed to the sun; Sterilize soft-shelled turtle pond water filling 70 cm after 5 d, filters, put into the water plants after sterilization after water filling at the water surface during water filling with 70 mesh sieve tulles; 8 d after rich water, oogenesis freshwater shrimp 60kg and spiral shell 700 kg is put in per hectare pond in a suitable place to breed; Select without sick and wounded, without inferior, have vigor, the young soft-shelled turtle of individual weight 3 g ~ 5 g, with potassium permanganate 20 mg/L dipping bath 20 min before putting in a suitable place to breed, the morning case or a point difference that sterilization soft-shelled turtle is housed are put into water gently at fine day, allow soft-shelled turtle climb out of voluntarily, swim in water, every square metre of water surface puts 25 in a suitable place to breed; Feed is thrown something and fed by the method in step (2);
B. the raising of young soft-shelled turtle:
Every square metre of water surface puts the young soft-shelled turtle 6 of 60 g ~ 80 g in a suitable place to breed, the morning case or a point difference that sterilization soft-shelled turtle is housed is put into water gently, allow soft-shelled turtle climb out of voluntarily, swim in water at fine day; Feed is thrown something and fed by the method in step (2);
C. soft-shelled turtle is become:
Every 666.7 ㎡ waters surface put the young soft-shelled turtle 170 of 150 g ~ 180 g in a suitable place to breed, the morning case or a point difference that sterilization soft-shelled turtle is housed are put into water gently, allow soft-shelled turtle climb out of voluntarily, swim in water at fine day; Feed is thrown something and fed by the method in step (2);
D. results are fished for:
Employing drains artificial capture method after Chi Shui, and stop eating before seizure 1 d, and the soft-shelled turtle caught out concentrates in net cage to be cleaned, and an a soft-shelled turtle little woven bag is packed.
embodiment 4
A kind of Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis Ecology cultural method, comprises the following steps:
(1) environmental condition
A. place election:
Environment is quiet, it is pollution-free to have abundant water resources, and water power has a good transport service, draining of intaking builds pond in place easily;
B. soft-shelled turtle pond type and specification:
Position, soft-shelled turtle pond is leeward on the sunny side; The type in soft-shelled turtle pond is divided into young soft-shelled turtle pond, young soft-shelled turtle pond, becomes soft-shelled turtle pond, close soft-shelled turtle pond and temperature control wintering pond; Its specification is: young soft-shelled turtle pond 60m
2, young soft-shelled turtle pond 700m
2, become soft-shelled turtle pond 1500m
2, close soft-shelled turtle pond 800m
2; Chi Shen is young soft-shelled turtle pond 1.3m, young soft-shelled turtle pond 1.6 m, and become soft-shelled turtle pond 1.9 m, close soft-shelled turtle pond 2.0 m, the depth of water is young soft-shelled turtle pond 0.6 m, young soft-shelled turtle pond 0.9 m, becomes soft-shelled turtle pond 1.3 m, close soft-shelled turtle pond 1.4 m;
C. prevent escaping facility:
Be built into the high enclosure wall of 65 cm with fragment of brick or ceramic tile in pond week, corner is curved, and eaves 8.5 cm is inwardly stretched on wall top, enters discharge outlet place device firmly wire netting, in case soft-shelled turtle runs away at rearing pool; Make regular check on, keep in repair or upgrade;
D. spawning place:
Room of laying eggs is built on close soft-shelled turtle pond faces south side Chi Geng; Every 105 female soft-shelled turtles build 2 m
2room of laying eggs, high 2 m in room, caping, shading; Spread the fine sand of thick 29 cm in room, Shamian Island and ground maintain an equal level, and lay the slope in 30 ° in easy flights to room of laying eggs by soft-shelled turtle pond, being convenient to female soft-shelled turtle can be freely upper and lower along slope;
E. feed table:
Be inclined in pool side with the cement pre-fabricated panel (or bamboo clappers, plank) of long 3 m, wide 1.2m, plate is long to be flooded into 11 cm under water, and another side surfaces, the gradient 14 °;
F. flat roof:
By four Bian Chi slopes in pond by 1:1.25 the gradient from the bottom of the pool to exceeding water surface 1m, with the cement that cement making 0.6 cm is thick;
(2) close soft-shelled turtle is cultivated
A. close soft-shelled turtle is selected:
Choose and meet Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis characteristic of division, physically fit, profile is complete, normal without disability, undistorted, body colour, skin Lightening, shirt rim plump resilient 4 age ~ 6 ages, body weight 2 kg ~ 3 kg are individual as close soft-shelled turtle;
B. put in a suitable place to breed:
Before putting in a suitable place to breed, pond and soft-shelled turtle body carry out disinfection; Breeding density is 0.4/m
2, the ratio of stocking of male and female soft-shelled turtle is 4:1; Feed comprises the composite nursing of feed of animal origin, vegetable feed and manufactured feed, and it is 2% of soft-shelled turtle body weight that the day of manufactured feed throws the amount of raising (dry weight), and it is 6% of soft-shelled turtle body weight that the day of fresh and alive feed throws the amount of raising; Before throwing something and feeding fresh and alive feed clean, chopping, manufactured feed is processed into soft or hard, the agglomerate of suitable size or particle, throws on the feed table do not had by water logging; During water temperature 18 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C, within two days, throw something and feed once, during water temperature 20 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, throw something and feed every day once, when water temperature is more than 25 DEG C, throw something and feed twice every day, be respectively 7:00 ~ 8:00 and 16:30 ~ 17:00; Throw 40% of day feeding volume the morning, throw 60% in the afternoon; Throwing removes residual bait before raising, and carries out food record;
C. daily management:
Patrol the pool: sooner or later make an inspection tour;
Prevention from suffering from the diseases: before putting in a suitable place to breed, thorough disinfection process is carried out in reply pond, Chi Shui drains, and keeping has 19 cm ooze, every 666.7m2 soft-shelled turtle pond full pool spilling head after 115 kg quicklime slurryings at the bottom of pond, then be exposed to the sun 8d, or use the bleaching powder 1.2 mg/L full pool spilling head containing available chlorine 30%;
Regulation and control water quality: every day periodic monitor water quality;
Biological preventing: in pond, cover supports a small amount of silver carp, crucian and bighead, cover supports amount for per hectare 1500 tail; The a small amount of water plants of water surface planting, raw plant area must not exceed water surface area 1/4th; Use the probio regulating water qualities such as photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and bacillus;
D. sick soft-shelled turtle isolation: once find disease soft-shelled turtle, even if should isolated rearing be carried out, and carry out drug treating in isolated area;
(3) artificial propagation and hatching:
A is laid eggs management:
At spawning season in April ~ September, every morning makes an inspection tour spawning place, collects soft-shelled turtle ovum; Egg-laying environment wants environment quiet, and spawning ground sand bed humidity is suitable for, and water content is 6.5% ~ 7.5%, namely pinches agglomerating with hand, namely loose being as the criterion of loosing one's grip;
B. hatch:
The artificial incubation of soft-shelled turtle ovum is carried out in Constant temperature hatch case or hatching room, and control incubation medium (fine sand, sponge etc.) temperature at 33 DEG C ~ 34 DEG C, water content control is 7% ~ 8%, and air humidity is 81% ~ 82%; By the fertilized egg animal pole after differentiating upward, layering is in a row fitly imbedded in sand table, and ovum spacing 1cm must not stir fertilized egg in hatching process, under 32 DEG C of conditions, hatch 41d;
C. young soft-shelled turtle is supported temporarily:
The young soft-shelled turtle just having gone out shell need support 24 h temporarily in basin, supports the smooth plastics basin of basin diameter 1 m, high 30 cm temporarily, puts fine sand 10 cm in basin, and fill water to not having fine sand 2.3cm, supporting density is temporarily 200, every basin, and foster temperature is identical with hatching house's temperature temporarily, namely can be moved to young soft-shelled turtle pond and cultivate after supporting 24 h temporarily; Or support temporarily with the young soft-shelled turtle storage pond, holding pond built specially, storage pond, holding pond is dark 0.5 m, wide 1 m generally, slightly tilt at the bottom of pond, have into discharge outlet, built-in plank, as feed table, puts a small amount of water plants, keeps the depth of water 3 cm, can support 95 young soft-shelled turtles temporarily for every square metre;
(4) raising of soft-shelled turtle
A. the raising of young soft-shelled turtle:
Young soft-shelled turtle pond is put first half of the month in a suitable place to breed in young soft-shelled turtle and is carried out draining, desilting and sterilization, and sterilization method is that per hectare uses quicklime 1600 kg, and after changing water, evenly splash in full pond, then 8 d that are exposed to the sun; Sterilize soft-shelled turtle pond water filling 70 cm after 4 d, filters, put into the water plants after sterilization after water filling at the water surface during water filling with 70 mesh sieve tulles; 8 d after rich water, oogenesis freshwater shrimp 50 kg and spiral shell 670 kg is put in per hectare pond in a suitable place to breed; Select without sick and wounded, without inferior, have vigor, the young soft-shelled turtle of individual weight 3 g ~ 5 g, with potassium permanganate 20 mg/L dipping bath 20 min before putting in a suitable place to breed, the morning case or a point difference that sterilization soft-shelled turtle is housed are put into water gently at fine day, allow soft-shelled turtle climb out of voluntarily, swim in water, every square metre of water surface puts 21 in a suitable place to breed; Feed is thrown something and fed by the method in step (2);
B. the raising of young soft-shelled turtle:
Every square metre of water surface puts the young soft-shelled turtle 7 of 50 g ~ 55 g in a suitable place to breed, the morning case or a point difference that sterilization soft-shelled turtle is housed is put into water gently, allow soft-shelled turtle climb out of voluntarily, swim in water at fine day; Feed is thrown something and fed by the method in step (2);
C. soft-shelled turtle is become:
Every 666.7 ㎡ waters surface put the young soft-shelled turtle 190 of 100 g ~ 110g in a suitable place to breed, the morning case or a point difference that sterilization soft-shelled turtle is housed are put into water gently, allow soft-shelled turtle climb out of voluntarily, swim in water at fine day; Feed is thrown something and fed by the method in step (2);
D. results are fished for:
Employing drains artificial capture method after Chi Shui, and stop eating before seizure 1 d, and the soft-shelled turtle caught out concentrates in net cage to be cleaned, and an a soft-shelled turtle little woven bag is packed.
embodiment 5
A kind of Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis Ecology cultural method, comprises the following steps:
(1) environmental condition
A. place election:
Environment is quiet, it is pollution-free to have abundant water resources, and water power has a good transport service, draining of intaking builds pond in place easily;
B. soft-shelled turtle pond type and specification:
Position, soft-shelled turtle pond is leeward on the sunny side; The type in soft-shelled turtle pond is divided into young soft-shelled turtle pond, young soft-shelled turtle pond, becomes soft-shelled turtle pond, close soft-shelled turtle pond and temperature control wintering pond; Its specification is: young soft-shelled turtle pond 90m
2, young soft-shelled turtle pond 1100m
2, become soft-shelled turtle pond 4000m
2, close soft-shelled turtle pond 3000m
2; Chi Shen is young soft-shelled turtle pond 1.4m, young soft-shelled turtle pond 1.7m, becomes soft-shelled turtle pond 2.4 m, close soft-shelled turtle pond 2.3 m; The depth of water is young soft-shelled turtle pond 0.7m, young soft-shelled turtle pond 1.1m, becomes soft-shelled turtle pond 1.6 m, close soft-shelled turtle pond 1.7 m;
C. prevent escaping facility:
Be built into the high enclosure wall of 75 cm with fragment of brick or ceramic tile in pond week, corner is curved, and eaves 9.5 cm is inwardly stretched on wall top, enters discharge outlet place device firmly wire netting, in case soft-shelled turtle runs away at rearing pool; Make regular check on, keep in repair or upgrade;
D. spawning place:
Room of laying eggs is built on close soft-shelled turtle pond faces south side Chi Geng; Every 118 female soft-shelled turtles build 2 m
2room of laying eggs, high 2 m in room, caping, shading; Spread the fine sand of thick 31cm in room, Shamian Island and ground maintain an equal level, and lay the slope in 30 ° in easy flights to room of laying eggs by soft-shelled turtle pond, being convenient to female soft-shelled turtle can be freely upper and lower along slope;
E. feed table:
Be inclined in pool side with the cement pre-fabricated panel (or bamboo clappers, plank) of long 3 m, wide 1.8 m, plate is long to be flooded into 13.5 cm under water, and another side surfaces, the gradient 15 °;
F. flat roof:
By four Bian Chi slopes in pond by 1:1.25 the gradient from the bottom of the pool to exceeding water surface 1m, with the cement that cement making 0.75 cm is thick;
(2) close soft-shelled turtle is cultivated
A. close soft-shelled turtle is selected:
Choose and meet Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis characteristic of division, physically fit, profile is complete, normal without disability, undistorted, body colour, skin Lightening, shirt rim plump resilient 4 age ~ 6 ages, body weight 2 kg ~ 3 kg are individual as close soft-shelled turtle;
B. put in a suitable place to breed:
Before putting in a suitable place to breed, pond and soft-shelled turtle body carry out disinfection; Breeding density is 0.5/m
2, the ratio of stocking of male and female soft-shelled turtle is 4:1; Feed comprises the composite nursing of feed of animal origin, vegetable feed and manufactured feed, and it is 2.5% of soft-shelled turtle body weight that the day of manufactured feed throws the amount of raising (dry weight), and it is 8% of soft-shelled turtle body weight that the day of fresh and alive feed throws the amount of raising; Before throwing something and feeding fresh and alive feed clean, chopping, manufactured feed is processed into soft or hard, the agglomerate of suitable size or particle, throws on the feed table do not had by water logging; During water temperature 18 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C, within two days, throw something and feed once, during water temperature 20 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, throw something and feed every day once, when water temperature is more than 25 DEG C, throw something and feed twice every day, be respectively 7:00 ~ 8:00 and 16:30 ~ 17:00; Throw 40% of day feeding volume the morning, throw 60% in the afternoon; Throwing removes residual bait before raising, and carries out food record;
C. daily management:
Patrol the pool: sooner or later make an inspection tour;
Prevention from suffering from the diseases: before putting in a suitable place to breed, thorough disinfection process is carried out in reply pond, Chi Shui drains, and keeping has 21 cm ooze, full pool spilling head after the 135kg quicklime slurrying of every 666.7m2 soft-shelled turtle pond at the bottom of pond, then be exposed to the sun 9d, or use the bleaching powder 1.7 mg/L full pool spilling head containing available chlorine 30%;
Regulation and control water quality: every day periodic monitor water quality;
Biological preventing: in pond, cover supports a small amount of silver carp, crucian and bighead, cover supports amount for per hectare 1500 tail; The a small amount of water plants of water surface planting, raw plant area must not exceed water surface area 1/4th; Use the probio regulating water qualities such as photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and bacillus;
D. sick soft-shelled turtle isolation: once find disease soft-shelled turtle, even if should isolated rearing be carried out, and carry out drug treating in isolated area;
(3) artificial propagation and hatching:
A is laid eggs management:
At spawning season in April ~ September, every morning makes an inspection tour spawning place, collects soft-shelled turtle ovum; Egg-laying environment wants environment quiet, and spawning ground sand bed humidity is suitable for, and water content is 6.5% ~ 7.5%, namely pinches agglomerating with hand, namely loose being as the criterion of loosing one's grip;
B. hatch:
The artificial incubation of soft-shelled turtle ovum is carried out in Constant temperature hatch case or hatching room, and control incubation medium (fine sand, sponge etc.) temperature at 33 DEG C ~ 34 DEG C, water content control is 7% ~ 8%, and air humidity is 81% ~ 82%; By the fertilized egg animal pole after differentiating upward, layering is in a row fitly imbedded in sand table, and ovum spacing 1cm must not stir fertilized egg in hatching process, hatches 44 d under 34 DEG C of conditions;
C. young soft-shelled turtle is supported temporarily:
The young soft-shelled turtle just having gone out shell need support 24 h temporarily in basin, support the smooth plastics basin of basin diameter 1 m, high 30 cm temporarily, fine sand 10 cm is put in basin, and fill water to not having fine sand 2.75 cm, supporting density is temporarily 200, every basin, support temperature temporarily identical with hatching house's temperature, namely can be moved to young soft-shelled turtle pond after supporting 24 h temporarily and cultivate; Or support temporarily with the young soft-shelled turtle storage pond, holding pond built specially, storage pond, holding pond is dark 0.5 m, wide 1 m generally, slightly tilt at the bottom of pond, have into discharge outlet, built-in plank, as feed table, puts a small amount of water plants, keeps the depth of water 4 cm, can support 108 young soft-shelled turtles temporarily for every square metre;
(4) raising of soft-shelled turtle
A. the raising of young soft-shelled turtle:
Young soft-shelled turtle pond is put first half of the month in a suitable place to breed in young soft-shelled turtle and is carried out draining, desilting and sterilization, and sterilization method is that per hectare uses quicklime 2000kg, and after changing water, evenly splash in full pond, then 9 d that are exposed to the sun; Sterilize soft-shelled turtle pond water filling 70 cm after 6 d, filters, put into the water plants after sterilization after water filling at the water surface during water filling with 70 mesh sieve tulles; 9 d after rich water, oogenesis freshwater shrimp 70 kg and spiral shell 730 kg is put in per hectare pond in a suitable place to breed; Select without sick and wounded, without inferior, have vigor, the young soft-shelled turtle of individual weight 3 g ~ 5 g, with potassium permanganate 20 mg/L dipping bath 20 min before putting in a suitable place to breed, the morning case or a point difference that sterilization soft-shelled turtle is housed are put into water gently at fine day, allow soft-shelled turtle climb out of voluntarily, swim in water, every square metre of water surface puts 28 in a suitable place to breed; Feed is thrown something and fed by the method in step (2);
B. the raising of young soft-shelled turtle:
Every square metre of water surface puts the young soft-shelled turtle 6 of 95g ~ 100 g in a suitable place to breed, the morning case or a point difference that sterilization soft-shelled turtle is housed is put into water gently, allow soft-shelled turtle climb out of voluntarily, swim in water at fine day; Feed is thrown something and fed by the method in step (2);
C. soft-shelled turtle is become:
Every 666.7 ㎡ waters surface put the young soft-shelled turtle 160 of 280g ~ 300 g in a suitable place to breed, the morning case or a point difference that sterilization soft-shelled turtle is housed are put into water gently, allow soft-shelled turtle climb out of voluntarily, swim in water at fine day; Feed is thrown something and fed by the method in step (2);
D. results are fished for:
Employing drains artificial capture method after Chi Shui, and stop eating before seizure 2 d, and the soft-shelled turtle caught out concentrates in net cage to be cleaned, and an a soft-shelled turtle little woven bag is packed.
Claims (5)
1. a Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis Ecology cultural method, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) environmental condition
A. place election:
Environment is quiet, it is pollution-free to have abundant water resources, and water power has a good transport service, draining of intaking builds pond in place easily;
B. soft-shelled turtle pond type and specification:
Position, soft-shelled turtle pond is leeward on the sunny side; The type in soft-shelled turtle pond is divided into young soft-shelled turtle pond, young soft-shelled turtle pond, becomes soft-shelled turtle pond, close soft-shelled turtle pond and temperature control wintering pond; Its specification is: young soft-shelled turtle pond 50m
2~ 100m
2, young soft-shelled turtle pond 500m
2~ 1500m
2, become soft-shelled turtle pond 500m
2~ 5000m
2, close soft-shelled turtle pond 500m
2~ 3500m
2; Chi Shen is young soft-shelled turtle pond 1.2m ~ 1.5m, young soft-shelled turtle pond 1.5m ~ 1.8m, becomes soft-shelled turtle pond 1.8 m ~ 2.5 m, close soft-shelled turtle pond 1.8 m ~ 2.5 m; The depth of water is young soft-shelled turtle pond 0.5 m ~ 0.8 m, young soft-shelled turtle pond 0.8 m ~ 1.2 m, becomes soft-shelled turtle pond 1.2 m ~ 1.8 m, close soft-shelled turtle pond 1.2 m ~ 1.8 m;
C. prevent escaping facility:
Be built into the high enclosure wall of 60 cm ~ 80 cm with fragment of brick or ceramic tile in pond week, corner is curved, and eaves 8 cm ~ 10 cm is inwardly stretched on wall top, enters discharge outlet place device firmly wire netting, in case soft-shelled turtle runs away at rearing pool; Make regular check on, keep in repair or upgrade;
D. spawning place:
Room of laying eggs is built on close soft-shelled turtle pond faces south side Chi Geng; Every 100 ~ 120 female soft-shelled turtles build 2 m
2room of laying eggs, high 2 m in room, caping, shading; Spread the fine sand of thick 28cm ~ 32cm in room, Shamian Island and ground maintain an equal level, and lay the slope in 30 ° in easy flights to room of laying eggs by soft-shelled turtle pond, being convenient to female soft-shelled turtle can be freely upper and lower along slope;
E. feed table:
Be inclined in pool side with the cement pre-fabricated panel of long 3 m, wide 1 m ~ 2 m, bamboo clappers or plank, plate is long to be flooded into 10 cm ~ 15 cm under water, and another side surfaces, the gradient 13 ° ~ 16 °;
F. flat roof:
By four Bian Chi slopes in pond by 1:1.25 the gradient from the bottom of the pool to exceeding water surface 1m, with the cement that cement making 0.5 cm ~ 0.8 cm is thick;
(2) close soft-shelled turtle is cultivated
A. close soft-shelled turtle is selected:
Choose and meet Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis characteristic of division, physically fit, profile is complete, normal without disability, undistorted, body colour, skin Lightening, shirt rim plump resilient 4 age ~ 6 ages, body weight 2 kg ~ 3 kg are individual as close soft-shelled turtle;
B. put in a suitable place to breed:
Before putting in a suitable place to breed, pond and soft-shelled turtle body carry out disinfection; Breeding density is 0.3 ~ 0.5/m
2, the ratio of stocking of male and female soft-shelled turtle is 4:1; Feed comprises the composite nursing of feed of animal origin, vegetable feed and manufactured feed, and it is 1% ~ 3% of soft-shelled turtle body weight that the day of manufactured feed throws the amount of raising, and it is 5% ~ 10% of soft-shelled turtle body weight that the day of fresh and alive feed throws the amount of raising; Before throwing something and feeding fresh and alive feed clean, chopping, manufactured feed is processed into soft or hard, the agglomerate of suitable size or particle, throws on the feed table do not had by water logging; During water temperature 18 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C, within two days, throw something and feed once, during water temperature 20 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, throw something and feed every day once, when water temperature is more than 25 DEG C, throw something and feed twice every day, be respectively 7:00 ~ 8:00 and 16:30 ~ 17:00; Throw 40% of day feeding volume the morning, throw 60% in the afternoon; Throwing removes residual bait before raising, and carries out food record;
C. daily management:
Patrol the pool: sooner or later make an inspection tour;
Prevention from suffering from the diseases: before putting in a suitable place to breed, thorough disinfection process is carried out in reply pond, and Chi Shui drains, keeps there are 18 ~ 22 cm ooze, every 666.7m at the bottom of pond
2soft-shelled turtle pond full pool spilling head after 100 kg ~ 150 kg quicklime slurryings, be then exposed to the sun 7 d ~ 10 d, or use the bleaching powder 1 mg/L ~ 2 mg/L full pool spilling head containing available chlorine 30%;
Regulation and control water quality: every day periodic monitor water quality;
Biological preventing: in pond, cover supports a small amount of silver carp, crucian and bighead, cover supports amount for per hectare 1500 tail; The a small amount of water plants of water surface planting, raw plant area must not exceed water surface area 1/4th; Use the probio regulating water qualities such as photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and bacillus;
D. sick soft-shelled turtle isolation: once find disease soft-shelled turtle, even if should isolated rearing be carried out, and carry out drug treating in isolated area;
(3) artificial propagation and hatching:
A is laid eggs management:
At spawning season in April ~ September, every morning makes an inspection tour spawning place, collects soft-shelled turtle ovum; Egg-laying environment wants environment quiet, and spawning ground sand bed humidity is suitable for, and water content is 6.5% ~ 7.5%, namely pinches agglomerating with hand, namely loose being as the criterion of loosing one's grip;
B. hatch:
The artificial incubation of soft-shelled turtle ovum is carried out in Constant temperature hatch case or hatching room, and control incubation medium (fine sand, sponge etc.) temperature at 33 DEG C ~ 34 DEG C, water content control is 7% ~ 8%, and air humidity is 81% ~ 82%; By the fertilized egg animal pole after differentiating upward, layering is in a row fitly imbedded in sand table, and ovum spacing 1cm must not stir fertilized egg in hatching process, hatches 40 d ~ 45 d under 32 DEG C ~ 34 DEG C conditions;
C. young soft-shelled turtle is supported temporarily:
The young soft-shelled turtle just having gone out shell need support 24 h temporarily in basin, support the smooth plastics basin of basin diameter 1 m, high 30 cm temporarily, fine sand 10 cm is put in basin, and fill water to not having fine sand 2 cm ~ 3 cm, supporting density is temporarily 200, every basin, support temperature temporarily identical with hatching house's temperature, namely can be moved to young soft-shelled turtle pond after supporting 24 h temporarily and cultivate; Or support temporarily with the young soft-shelled turtle storage pond, holding pond built specially, storage pond, holding pond is dark 0.5 m, wide 1 m generally, slightly tilt at the bottom of pond, have into discharge outlet, built-in plank, as feed table, puts a small amount of water plants, keeps the depth of water 2 cm ~ 5 cm, can support 90 ~ 110 young soft-shelled turtles temporarily for every square metre;
(4) raising of soft-shelled turtle
A. the raising of young soft-shelled turtle:
Young soft-shelled turtle pond is put first half of the month in a suitable place to breed in young soft-shelled turtle and is carried out draining, desilting and sterilization, and sterilization method is that per hectare uses quicklime 1500 kg ~ 2150 kg, and after changing water, evenly splash in full pond, then 7 d ~ 10 d that are exposed to the sun; Sterilize soft-shelled turtle pond water filling 70 cm after 3 d ~ 7 d, filters, put into the water plants after sterilization after water filling at the water surface during water filling with 70 mesh sieve tulles; 7 d ~ 10 d after rich water, oogenesis freshwater shrimp 45 kg ~ 75 kg and spiral shell 650 kg ~ 750 kg is put in per hectare pond in a suitable place to breed; Select without sick and wounded, without inferior, have vigor, the young soft-shelled turtle of individual weight 3 g ~ 5 g, with potassium permanganate 20 mg/L dipping bath 20 min before putting in a suitable place to breed, the morning case or a point difference that sterilization soft-shelled turtle is housed are put into water gently at fine day, soft-shelled turtle is allowed to climb out of voluntarily, swim in water, every square metre of water surface puts 20 ~ 30 in a suitable place to breed; Feed is thrown something and fed by the method in step (2);
B. the raising of young soft-shelled turtle:
Every square metre of water surface puts the young soft-shelled turtle 5 ~ 8 of 50 g ~ 100 g in a suitable place to breed, the morning case or a point difference that sterilization soft-shelled turtle is housed is put into water gently, allow soft-shelled turtle climb out of voluntarily, swim in water at fine day; Feed is thrown something and fed by the method in step (2);
C. soft-shelled turtle is become:
Every 666.7 ㎡ waters surface put the young soft-shelled turtle 150 ~ 200 of 100 g ~ 300 g in a suitable place to breed, the morning case or a point difference that sterilization soft-shelled turtle is housed are put into water gently, allow soft-shelled turtle climb out of voluntarily, swim in water at fine day; Feed is thrown something and fed by the method in step (2);
D. results are fished for:
Employing drains artificial capture method after Chi Shui, and stop eating before seizure 1 d ~ 2 d, and the soft-shelled turtle caught out concentrates in net cage to be cleaned, and an a soft-shelled turtle little woven bag is packed.
2. a kind of Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis Ecology cultural method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described (2) close soft-shelled turtle cultivate in feed of animal origin and vegetable feed previous crops of throwing something and feeding disinfect.
3. a kind of Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis Ecology cultural method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described (2) close soft-shelled turtle sexual maturity soft-shelled turtle that in cultivating, close soft-shelled turtle selects non-closed crossing that is wild or artificially breeding to cultivate.
4. a kind of Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis Ecology cultural method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described water plants is water lettuce, weter hyacinth.
5. a kind of Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis Ecology cultural method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described conditions for sterilization is, environment disinfected: soft-shelled turtle pond surrounding enviroment bleaching powder is sprayed or splashed; Soft-shelled turtle body is sterilized: working concentration is potassium permanganate dipping 15 min ~ 20 min of 15 mg/L ~ 20 mg/L, or working concentration is salt dipping bath 10 min of 3%; Feed disinfection: for throwing the fresh and alive feed of raising, soak 15 min ~ 20 min with potassium permanganate 20 mg/L after wash clean, or with salt 5% dipping bath 5 min ~ 10 min, then use fresh water rinsed clean; Instrument is sterilized: various instruments used in breeding process should regularly be sterilized, sterilization method for soak 20 min ~ 30 min with potassium permanganate 20 mg/L, or with salt 5% dipping bath 20 min ~ 30 min or embathe 20 min with bleaching powder 5% and to splash material platform and flat roof with bleaching powder or other chlorinated products weekly.
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| CN106857430A (en) * | 2017-01-25 | 2017-06-20 | 刘大山 | A kind of simple catching method of pond soft-shelled turtle |
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