CN105494240B - A kind of comprehensive breeding method of crocodile tortoise - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of comprehensive breeding method of crocodile tortoise.This method comprises the following steps：The hatching of crocodile tortoise fertile egg；Young tortoise greenhouse cultivation；Young tortoise, into tortoise outdoor tank-culture cultivate.The present invention selects good hatching, young tortoise greenhouse cultivation and children, the aquaculture model into the cultivation of tortoise greenhouse cement pit, and different breeding stage special feed to have the advantages that death rate is low, and the speed of growth is fast come what is completed by crocodile tortoise.

Description

A kind of comprehensive breeding method of snapping turtle

technical field

The invention relates to the field of aquaculture, in particular to a method for comprehensive breeding of snapping turtles and a special feed.

Background technique

Snapping turtle is an economic turtle species with edible, ornamental and medicinal value. It grows fast, lays more eggs, has strong disease resistance, high meat yield, and is easy to raise. It has great prospects for industrial production. Now snapping turtle hatching and breeding are mainly affected by the following two points: first, the breeding equipment is single and the technology is backward. At present, most farms and farmers adopt a single breeding method for snapping turtle breeding, and most of them adopt pond breeding from juvenile turtles to adult turtles. Some even directly use the equipment used to raise Chinese soft-shelled turtles. The equipment is outdated and cannot play a good role in preventing escape. Once snapping turtles get sick, they cannot be treated effectively. Moreover, as time goes on, the size of the turtles will vary greatly. If they are not selected in time and raised separately, it will easily lead to mutual killing among snapping turtles, infection of diseases, and eventually death. Second, the artificial reproduction of snapping turtles is low. Artificial reproductive capacity includes egg production rate, fertilization rate, hatching rate and survival rate of hatchlings. The low fertility of snapping turtles is manifested in: the egg production rate of mature female turtles is less than 50%. Fertilization rates are less than 70%. The hatching rate is often lower than 80%, and most individual farmers are even less than 50%. The overwinter survival rate of hatchlings is less than 70%. In addition, the environmental conditions are relatively strict, and once the environmental conditions are not suitable, their reproductive ability will be seriously affected. Present hatching and breeding technology restrict the development of snapping turtle breeding industry.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of integrated culture method of snapping turtle

The comprehensive culture method of snapping turtle of the present invention comprises the following steps:

(1) Incubation of snapping turtle fertilized eggs:

A. Build an incubator and place an incubator frame;

B. Select a hard plastic incubator, first spread the first layer of expanded vermiculite on the bottom of the box, then place the high-quality fertilized eggs of snapping turtles on the first layer of expanded vermiculite, with the animal pole facing upwards, and then spread the second layer of expanded vermiculite. Layer expanded vermiculite; The incubator is placed on the hatch iron frame;

C. Incubation management: open the door regularly for inspection every day, spray clean water on the surface of the incubator with a watering can, and loosen the upper layer to ventilate, and keep the water content between 3% and 5%; open the doors and windows for 10min to 20min at noon to make the air in the greenhouse convect. Keep the temperature at 28°C-32°C, and the relative humidity of the air at 80%-90%; check once when hatching to 20 days to 25 days, and remove the stunted eggs;

(2) Greenhouse cultivation of hatchlings:

A. Cultivation conditions for young turtles in a greenhouse: each cultivation basin is 70cm long, 50cm wide, and 30cm deep. The circulating water is heated to keep the water temperature at about 30°C;

B. Three days after the hatchlings hatch, start to feed the special feed for hatchlings. The daily feeding amount accounts for 3-6% of the body weight, and they are fed twice a day, once at 7-8 am and 17-18 pm. After 2 hours of feeding each time, remove the remaining bait, clean the cultivation pond, and replace it with fresh water of the same water temperature; bait feeding should be done regularly, quantitatively, qualitatively, and at a fixed point; according to the health status of the turtle, it should be disinfected every 7 days ;

(3) Cultivation of juvenile and adult turtles in cement pools in greenhouses:

A. The turtle pool is built as an outdoor cement pool. The entire cement pool adopts a brick cement structure. The water surface accounts for 80% of the total area, and the land accounts for 20%; the land is covered with sand and is flat, and shade plants are planted on it; There is a certain slope in the place, which is convenient for the turtle to go ashore to feed; there is a water inlet pipe in the shallow water area, and a drain pipe and a sewage pipe in the corner of the deep water; there is a black film directly above the cement pool, which can play the role of sun protection and rain; The body size is constantly adjusted; the entire cement pool is located in the greenhouse workshop without windows; except for the door, other places are closed; the temperature is constant at about 30°C, and the temperature difference does not exceed 3°C; the change of pool water is the same as that of the indoor cement pool;

B. Turtle stocking and breeding management: Before stocking, disinfect the cement pool with 50g/m ³ potassium permanganate solution; put the young turtles (0.5kg/only) cultivated in the greenhouse into the greenhouse according to 100 per pool In the cement pond; feed the special feed for young turtles and adult turtles at 7-8 o'clock in the morning and 17-18 o'clock in the afternoon; the amount of feeding accounts for about 1-3% of the body weight, and it is generally eaten within 2 hours after feeding The outdoor cement pool is fed on the bait table near the water on land; the greenhouse cement pool and indoor cement pool are fed directly in the water; from May to September, change the water 1/3 to 1/2 every day, every 7 to 15 months. Wash once a day to keep the water quality fresh, control the transparency at 25-30cm, and the water is light green; according to the water quality and the health status of the turtle, disinfect the water every month to reduce or kill the pathogenic bacteria in the water; as the turtle grows up, constantly Carry out grading selection and rearing in separate ponds.

According to a further feature of the comprehensive breeding method for snapping turtles of the present invention, the hatching chamber is rectangular, with an area of about 15m ² , a small pool is built in, 3-5cm of water is injected to prevent ants, and the hatching iron frame is placed in the pool.

According to the further feature of the comprehensive breeding method of snapping turtles of the present invention, the step (1) also includes the disinfection of the hatching medium, including: before hatching, the hatching greenhouse and the hatching box are thoroughly sterilized with 3pp potassium permanganate 2 times to kill predators and germs; expose the purchased expanded vermiculite to the sun for 3 days to kill germs, insects, ants and other harmful organisms.

According to a further feature of the comprehensive breeding method for snapping turtles of the present invention, in the step (1), the expanded vermiculite is silver-white expanded vermiculite with a diameter of 6-8 mm.

According to a further feature of the comprehensive breeding method of snapping turtles of the present invention, in the step (1), the distance between the fertilized eggs is 2cm.

According to the further characteristics of the comprehensive breeding method of snapping turtles of the present invention, in the step (2), the special feed for young turtles comprises the following ingredients by percentage weight: minced fish 40-55%, minced pork 8-15% , flour 18-23%, soybean powder 10-20%, fish oil 1-3%, shrimp shell powder 0.5-1%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1%, seaweed powder 1-3%, minerals 1-3%, vitamins 1-3%, food attractant 0.2-0.5%; the above ingredients are all commercially available products.

According to the further characteristics of the comprehensive breeding method of snapping turtles of the present invention, in the step (2), the special feed for young turtles and adult turtles comprises the following ingredients by percentage weight: minced fish or minced pork 40-55%, Flour 18-23%, soybean powder 10-20%, chicken powder 5-10%, banana 3-5%, fish oil 1-3%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1%, seaweed powder 1-3%, mineral 1- 3%, 1-3% of vitamins, 0.5-1% of accelerants; the above-mentioned ingredients are all commercially available products.

The comprehensive breeding method of snapping turtles described in the present invention is accomplished by selecting good hatching of snapping turtles, cultivating juvenile turtles in a greenhouse, cultivating juvenile and adult turtles in cement pools in greenhouses, and using special feeds for different breeding stages. Greenhouse cement pond breeding" hatchlings break the hibernation of hatchlings, and have been at the optimum temperature for hatchling growth (constant temperature 30°C), hatchlings have been growing, so they have the advantages of low mortality and fast growth .

Description of drawings

Figure 1 shows different types of expanded vermiculite.

Detailed ways

Embodiment one: the snapping turtle of the comprehensive culture method of snapping turtle of the present invention selects good hatching

1. Snapping turtles are selected for hatching

A. Build an incubator. The hatching room is rectangular, with an area of about 15m ² . There is a small pool built in, filled with 3 to 5 cm of water to prevent ants, and the hatching iron frame is placed in the pool. In addition, small appliances such as thermometers, hygrometers, watering cans, and plastic buckets are provided in the hatching room, and 2 to 3 buckets of clean water are placed for long-term use.

B. Disinfection of the incubator and incubation medium. Nine hard plastic incubators with a size of 59cm×36cm×14cm were selected as expanded vermiculite incubators. Before hatching, first use 3pp potassium permanganate to thoroughly disinfect the hatching greenhouse and incubator twice to kill predators and germs. Expose the purchased expanded vermiculite to the sun for 3 days to kill germs, insects, ants and other harmful organisms.

C. Before placing high-quality fertilized eggs, spread 5cm of expanded vermiculite on the bottom of the box, and then place the fertilized eggs with the animals facing upwards. According to each incubator, there are 104 (13×8) eggs, and the two eggs are neatly arranged at an interval of 2cm. Cover with about 5cm of expanded vermiculite, record the date and quantity of eggs collected, label them, put them in the hatching room and put them on the iron frame.

Regularly open the door every day for inspection, use a watering can to sprinkle clean water on the expanded vermiculite in the incubator, and loosen the upper layer of sand to ventilate, and keep the water content of the sand between 3% and 5%; open the doors and windows for 10 to 20 minutes at noon to allow air convection in the greenhouse to maintain The temperature is 28-32°C, and the relative air humidity is 80%-90%. After hatching to 20-25 days, a comprehensive inspection will be performed, and eggs with sticky sand or stunted growth will be removed; pay attention to preventing hazards such as rats, snakes, and ants.

D. Selection and placement of high-quality fertilized eggs. Generally, the animal pole of the fertilized egg is whitish, and blood streaks can be seen at the plant pole (yolk). High-quality fertilized eggs, animals and plants are very distinct, half or even most of the whole egg turns white, does not stick to sand, and has good gloss. Only a small part of poor-quality fertilized eggs turns white, sticks to sand, and is dark and dull; unfertilized eggs have no color. Variety.

According to this method, 936 fertilized eggs were selected.

Hatching results: when 6-8mm silver-white expanded vermiculite is laid on the bottom, the highest hatching rate is 93.9%.

E. Hatch management. Regularly open the door every day for inspection, use a watering can to spray clean water on the fine sand (expanded vermiculite) on the surface of the incubator, and loosen the upper layer of sand to ventilate, and keep the water content of the sand between 3% and 5%. The air in the greenhouse is convective, the temperature is maintained at 28°C to 32°C, and the relative air humidity is 80% to 90%. After hatching to 20 days to 25 days, a comprehensive inspection will be carried out, and eggs with sticky sand or stunted growth will be removed.

Compared with the egg production rate and fertilization rate, the hatchability rate ultimately determines how many seedlings emerge. Therefore, it is particularly important to increase the hatching rate. At present, the hatching rate of most breeding enterprises and farmers is generally lower than 50%, sometimes even only 20%. According to the hatching method of the present invention, various conditions including temperature, humidity and ventilation are optimal, and the hatching rate of turtle eggs can reach 90%.

Incubation temperature: the method of the present invention controls the suitable temperature for hatching of turtle eggs at 28-32°C, preferably about 30°C. The temperature should not be too high or too low. When the temperature is low, artificial heating can be used. Heating methods include electric heating, solar heating, stove heating, etc. If the temperature is too high, windows should be opened for ventilation and cooling. In short, once the incubation temperature is set, there should be no difference of 3°C before and after the temperature difference.

Incubation medium and incubation humidity: At present, most domestic enterprises and farmers use sediment as the incubation medium. The moisture content of the hatching sediment is 7% to 8%, which is more suitable. If the humidity is too high, the turtle eggs will easily hold their breath and die. If the humidity is too low, the water in the turtle eggs will evaporate easily, and the eggs will "dry up" and die.

In the present invention, the expanded vermiculite used during hatching has good moisturizing performance and does not need to be frequently sprayed with water; it has good air permeability and does not need to be frequently stirred. Compared with the traditional sediment medium, it can improve the success rate of hatching, save manpower and improve efficiency.

In addition, during the hatching process, according to the water content of the hatching medium, sprinkle water with a sprayer or a watering can in time. Expanded vermiculite has good moisturizing properties, so you don't need to spray water frequently, usually once a week.

Hatching ventilation state: During the hatching period, if sand is used as the hatching medium, loosen the sand layer by hand 10 minutes after watering every day, so as to prevent the sand and soil from consolidating and preventing water from evaporating. However, when shaking the sand layer, do not vibrate below Turtle eggs, so as not to affect the hatching effect.

2. Effects of different incubation media on the hatching of snapping turtles

(1) Experimental area setting

The site of this experiment is located in the incubation room of Guangzhou Xianbu Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. The hatching room is rectangular, with an area of about 15m2. There is a small pool built in, filled with 3cm to 5cm of water to prevent ants, and the hatching iron frame is placed in the pool. In addition, small appliances such as thermometers, hygrometers, watering cans, and plastic buckets are equipped in the hatching room, and 2 to 3 buckets of clean water are placed for long-term use.

(2) Selection of incubator and incubation medium

The present invention adopts expanded vermiculite as the hatching medium, and because of its good air permeability, it does not need to be turned frequently, and only needs to be turned once a week to pick out the bad guys inside and add new expanded vermiculite.

Select 12 hard plastic incubators of 59cm×36cm×14cm, numbered 1-12 respectively. Among them, No. 1 to No. 3 are sediment incubators, and others are various expanded vermiculite incubators. The expanded vermiculite is selected from the three types in the figure below, which are 1mm-3mm golden yellow expanded vermiculite, 1mm-3mm silver-white expanded vermiculite and 6mm-8mm silver-white expanded vermiculite. See Figure 1 for different types of expanded vermiculite.

(3) Disinfection of hatching utensils

The hatching greenhouse and incubator are thoroughly disinfected twice with 3ppm potassium permanganate to kill predators and germs. The hatching fine sand is sieved with a sieve with a pore size of 0.5 cm to remove gravel and coarse sand. Soak the hatching sediment with povidone-iodine for 2 days to kill germs, insects, ants and other harmful organisms in the mud and sand, then expose to the sun for 3 days, mix them evenly in proportion, put them into the incubator, label them, and place them in the incubator. Reserved in the hatching greenhouse. Expose the purchased expanded vermiculite to the sun for 3 days to kill germs, insects, ants and other harmful organisms.

(4) Selection and placement of high-quality fertilized eggs

Generally, the animal pole of the fertilized egg is whitish, and blood streaks can be seen at the plant pole (yolk). High-quality fertilized eggs have very distinct animals and plants, half or even most of the whole egg turns white, does not stick to sand, and has good gloss, while only a small part of poor-quality fertilized eggs turns white, sticks to sand, and is dull; unfertilized eggs have no change . According to this method, 1248 fertilized eggs were selected. Before placing, spread 5cm of fine sand or expanded vermiculite on the bottom of the box, then put the fertilized eggs facing upwards, arrange 104 eggs (13×8) in each incubator, arrange the two eggs neatly at an interval of 2cm, and sprinkle them on the eggs Cover with about 5cm of fine sand or expanded vermiculite, record the date and quantity of eggs collected, label them, put them in the hatching room and put them on the iron frame.

(5) Incubation management

Regularly open the door every day for inspection, use a watering can to sprinkle clean water on the fine sand (expanded vermiculite) on the surface of the incubator, and loosen the upper layer of sand for ventilation, keeping the water content of the sand between 3% and 5%; Inner air convection, keep the temperature at 28°C to 32°C, and the relative humidity of the air at 80% to 90%. After hatching to 20 days to 25 days, a comprehensive inspection will be carried out, and eggs with sticky sand or stunted growth will be removed.

5.2 Incubation results

Incubation began on June 5, 2011. The incubation time of each vermiculite group was 61 days, and that of the sediment group was 70 days. A total of 971 turtle seedlings and 37 deformed seedlings were hatched in 12 incubators, with an average hatching rate of 77.8% and an effective hatching rate of 74.8%. It can be seen from Table 2-3 that any kind of expanded vermiculite has a better hatching effect than sediment, and the minimum difference between the hatching rate and the effective hatching rate is nearly 20% (the hatching rate of 1mm-3mm yellow expanded vermiculite is 72.2%, and the effective hatching rate is 72.2%. The hatching rate is 66.8%. The sediment hatching rate is 57.1%, and the effective hatching rate is 49.8%). The hatching rate was 57.1%, and the effective hatching rate was 49.8%). And the deformity rate is low, the lowest is only 2%.

Compared with the silver-white variety of the same specification, the hatching rate and effective hatching rate of the former are lower than that of the latter. It shows that under the same specification, the hatching effect of silver-white expanded vermiculite is better. Compared with the expanded vermiculite of 1mm～3mm silver white and the same color 6mm～8mm, the hatching rate and effective hatching rate of the former are also lower than the latter. It shows that under the same color, the hatching effect of the species with larger size is better.

Table 1: Statistics of incubation in different incubators

The hatching medium can protect the eggs during the hatching process of turtle eggs and maintain relatively stable conditions such as hatching temperature and humidity. A suitable hatching medium plays an extremely important role in the hatching of eggs. The research results show that compared with sediment, expanded vermiculite has the advantages of large porosity, small specific gravity, poor thermal conductivity and water permeability, so it is superior to sediment in terms of thermal insulation, moisture retention and air permeability, and is soft and Good shock resistance, more conducive to protecting turtle eggs. When choosing the hatching medium in this experiment, the following factors were mainly considered: Sediment is a hatching medium frequently used in the artificial hatching of snapping turtle eggs, and expanded vermiculite has been widely used as a hatching medium for yellow-throated quasi-water turtle eggs, In the research experiment and production practice of tortoise eggs and soft-shelled turtle eggs, there are no related reports at home and abroad whether expanded vermiculite with different specifications and colors can be applied to artificial hatching of snapping turtle eggs, and whether there are differences in hatching effects. Therefore, this experiment chose 6mm~8mm silvery white expanded vermiculite, 1mm~3mm silvery white expanded vermiculite, 1mm~3mm golden yellow expanded vermiculite and silt as the incubation medium. The experimental results showed that the hatching rate of each group using expanded vermiculite was significantly higher than that of the sand group, but the hatching time and deformity rate of turtle seedlings were lower than the latter. And the larger the size, the better the hatching effect.

Regarding the influence of environmental factors such as incubation temperature and humidity on the hatching of turtles, domestic research mainly focuses on temperature factors. The research results show that within a suitable temperature range, as the temperature continues to rise, the metabolism of the body is accelerated, which can speed up the embryonic development and shorten the hatching time. The thermal insulation of expanded vermiculite is better than that of sediment, and it can remain stable for a long time, so that the embryonic development rate of snapping turtle eggs can be maintained at a high level throughout the hatching time. The gas exchange between the egg and the outside world keeps the embryo development in a good state, and under the joint action of the two, the hatching time is shortened. In this experiment, the hatching time of each vermiculite group was shorter than that of the sediment group, which proved that vermiculite has better thermal insulation and permeability.

The hatchability and deformity rate are mainly affected by the moisture retention of the incubation medium. If the humidity is too high, the oxygen content in the medium will decrease, and the eggs will easily die due to breathlessness. If the humidity is too low, the eggs will “dry up” and die after the water evaporates. In the early stage of turtle egg hatching, the required humidity is high, and in the later stage, the turtle seedlings gradually take shape, the required oxygen increases, and the humidity should be appropriately reduced. In this experiment, the expanded vermiculite has good moisture retention. Once the optimum humidity required for the hatching of turtle eggs is set before the experiment, it is only necessary to spray water once a week and add new expanded vermiculite on time. Compared with sediment, it saves a lot of manpower and material resources. Therefore, the hatching rate of each group using expanded vermiculite in the experiment was significantly higher than that of the sediment group, and the deformity rate was lower than that of the latter. The results of this experiment are consistent with those reported by Wang Ling et al. (2012) on Chinese soft-shelled turtles, but differ from those of Du Weiguo et al. In addition, sand is used as the incubation medium, the water evaporates quickly, and the sand is easy to harden and trap air.

The level of hatching rate is also related to the permeability of the medium. During embryonic development, turtle eggs need constant gas exchange with the outside world. Expanded vermiculite has good permeability, which is beneficial for turtle eggs to absorb oxygen from the outside world, and at the same time discharge carbon dioxide from the body to ensure the development of embryos. The poor permeability of the sediment is not conducive to the gas exchange between the turtle eggs and the outside world. With the continuous increase of carbon dioxide, it is easy to cause the embryo to suffocate and die. In the experiment, the hatching rate of each group using expanded vermiculite was significantly higher than that of the sediment group. For expanded vermiculite with different specifications, as the size increases, the permeability increases and the hatching rate increases.

In the experiment of this example, 1mm-3mm golden yellow expanded vermiculite and 1mm-3mm silvery-white expanded vermiculite are almost identical in terms of thermal insulation, moisture retention, air permeability and shock resistance, but the hatching rate is also different. The possible reason is that the texture of the two is different. The silver-white variety contains richer minerals required for hatching turtle eggs, which is more conducive to the material conditions required for embryonic development, and the hatching effect is relatively better.

To sum up, the golden-yellow expanded vermiculite and the silver-white expanded vermiculite are almost identical in terms of thermal insulation, moisture retention, air permeability and shock resistance, but the silver-white variety contains more minerals needed for turtle eggs to hatch. It is more conducive to the material conditions required for embryo development, and the hatching effect is relatively better, and the hatching rate of the silvery expanded vermiculite of 6mm to 8mm is higher than that of the silvery white expanded vermiculite of 1mm to 3mm, so the snapping turtle of the present invention is selected as good The vermiculite in the hatching method chooses the silvery expanded vermiculite with larger specifications.

Embodiment two: the juvenile turtle greenhouse cultivation of the integrated culture method of snapping turtle of the present invention

The newly born hatchlings cultivated in the greenhouse are sensitive to environmental changes due to their small size. Therefore, they should be cultivated at a constant temperature. The condition of hatchling greenhouse is similar to that of hatching greenhouse. The size of each cultivation basin is 70cm long, 50cm wide and 30cm deep. Use solar energy or boiler circulating water to heat and keep the water temperature at about 30°C.

For the newly hatched hatchlings, check whether their navels are properly stored. The hatchlings whose navels have been harvested are put into the cultivation greenhouse for cultivation. The hatchlings whose navels have not been harvested are placed in the greenhouse for cultivation.

The hatchlings of different specifications are kept separately, and the hatchlings in the same pond are as consistent as possible in size, and the weight difference should not exceed 2g. As the hatchlings grow up, they are continuously graded and reared in separate ponds. 50-70 juvenile turtles weighing about 10 g are stocked per square meter, and the water depth should be 3-5 cm higher than the back of the turtle.

The juvenile turtles were fed 3 days after hatching. The opening bait is fresh or dried small shrimp and minced meat. As the turtle body grows up, it is gradually converted to small particle turtle feed or self-prepared feed. The daily feeding amount accounts for 3-6% of the turtle's body weight, and it is fed twice a day, once at 7-8 am and 17-18 pm, according to the principles of timing, quantification, quality and fixed point. After 2 hours of feeding, remove the remaining bait, clean the cultivation pond, and replace it with fresh water of the same temperature. According to the health status of the turtle, it is disinfected with purple syrup every 7 days.

One of the advantages of the present invention is that it adopts a specially formulated special feed, which includes the following ingredients by weight percentage: 40-55% minced fish, 8-15% minced pork, 18-23% flour, 10-20% soybean powder, fish oil 1-3%, shrimp shell powder 0.5-1%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1%, seaweed powder 1-3%, mineral 1-3%, vitamin 1-3%, food attractant 0.2-0.5%; the above ingredients All are commercially available products.

It should be noted that egg yolks commonly used in traditional feeds are excluded from the above-mentioned special feeds, because experiments have shown that egg yolks are dry, brittle, unpalatable and easily spoil water quality.

Embodiment three: the young of the integrated culture method of snapping turtle of the present invention, become the breeding mode of turtle

1. Cultivation of juvenile and adult turtles in cement ponds in greenhouses

The turtle pond is constructed as a greenhouse cement pond. The entire cement pond adopts a brick cement structure. The water surface accounts for 80% of the total area, and the land accounts for 20%. The land is covered with sandy soil, flat, and shade plants are planted on it. There is a certain slope where the land meets the water surface, which is convenient for the turtle to go ashore to feed. There is a water inlet pipe in the shallow water area, and a drain pipe and a sewage pipe in the deep water corner. There is a black film directly above the cement pool, which can play the role of sun protection and rain protection. The water depth is constantly adjusted as the turtle grows up. For turtles weighing 0.5-2kg, the average water depth is 0.5m, and for turtles weighing more than 2kg, the average water depth is 0.8m.

Turtle stocking and breeding management are implemented as follows: before stocking, all cement pools are disinfected with 50g/m ³ potassium permanganate solution. The juvenile turtles (0.5kg/ only) cultivated in the greenhouse were put into the cement pond of the greenhouse according to 100 per pond. Feed the special feed for young turtles and adult turtles at 7-8 o'clock in the morning and 17-18 o'clock in the afternoon every day. The feeding amount accounts for about 1 to 3% of the body weight, and it is generally taken to be eaten within 2 hours after feeding. The outdoor cement pond is fed on the bait platform near the water on land. Greenhouse cement ponds and indoor cement ponds are directly fed in water. From May to September, change 1/3 to 1/2 of the water every day and clean it every 7 to 15 days to keep the water quality fresh, the transparency controlled at 25 to 30 cm, and the water to be light green. Disinfect the water body every month according to the water quality and the health status of the turtle to reduce or kill the pathogenic bacteria in the water. As the turtles grow up, they are continuously selected and raised in separate pools.

2. Selection of three modes of breeding young and adult turtles

Experimental method: Juvenile and adult turtles were cultured in the following three cement ponds respectively.

Outdoor cement pool: The entire cement pool adopts a brick cement structure, and the water surface accounts for 80% of the total area, and the land area accounts for 20%. The land is covered with sandy soil, flat, and shade plants are planted on it. There is a certain slope where the land meets the water surface, which is convenient for the turtle to go ashore to feed. There is a water inlet pipe in the shallow water area, and a drain pipe and a sewage pipe in the deep water corner. There is a black film directly above the cement pool, which can play the role of sun protection and rain protection. The water depth is constantly adjusted as the turtle grows up. For turtles weighing 0.5kg to 2.0kg, the average water depth is 0.5m, and for turtles weighing more than 2kg, the average water depth is 0.8m.

Indoor cement pool: The entire cement pool adopts a brick cement structure without land. The bottom of the "pot-shaped" pool is high around and low in the middle. Waste residue can be continuously concentrated in the middle. A drainage pipe and a sewage pipe are arranged in the center of the pool. The entire cement pool is located in the aquatic product workshop, except for the doors, windows and the heat exhaust fan on the roof, other places are closed. The pool water change is the same as that of the outdoor cement pool.

Greenhouse cement pool: The structure of the pool is the same as that of the indoor cement pool. The entire cement pool is located in the greenhouse workshop without windows. Everything is closed except the door. The temperature is kept constant at around 30°C. The temperature difference does not exceed 3°C. The pool water change is the same as the indoor cement pool.

Before stocking, disinfect all cement pools with 50g/m3 potassium permanganate solution. The same batch of juvenile turtles (0.5kg/only) cultivated in the greenhouse were put into the outdoor cement pond, indoor cement pond and greenhouse cement pond respectively according to 100 per pond. Feed artificial compound feed at 7-8 o'clock in the morning and 17-18 o'clock in the afternoon every day. The feeding amount accounts for about 1% to 3% of body weight. The outdoor cement pond is fed on the bait platform near the water on land. Greenhouse cement ponds and indoor cement ponds are directly fed in water. From May to September, change 1/3 to 1/2 of the water every day, and clean it every 7 to 15 days to keep the water quality fresh, the transparency controlled at 25cm to 30cm, and the water light green. Disinfect the water body every month according to the water quality and the health status of the turtle to reduce or kill the pathogenic bacteria in the water. As the turtles grow up, they are continuously selected and raised in separate pools.

The experimental results are shown in Table 2 below.

Table 2: Experimental results of snapping turtles in different breeding modes

Note: Mortality = number of deaths/100×100%; feed factor = total weight of feed fed/total weight gain of turtles

It can be seen from Table 2 that in the cultivation mode of greenhouse + greenhouse cement pond, snapping turtles grow the fastest, and their average weight reaches 3.50kg after one year. However, the bait coefficient was the same as that in the cultivation greenhouse + indoor cement pond, and was higher than that in the cultivation greenhouse + outdoor cement pond. Under the cultivation of greenhouse + indoor cement pond, although the growth rate of snapping turtles is faster than that of cultivation greenhouse + outdoor cement pond, the mortality rate is the highest.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of comprehensive breeding method of crocodile tortoise, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：

（1）The hatching of crocodile tortoise fertile egg：

A. a hatching house is built, puts hatching brandreth；

B. rigid plastics incubator is chosen, first first layer expanded vermiculite is spread in bottom, then the high-quality fertile egg of crocodile tortoise is put On the first layer expanded vermiculite, animal pole upward, then spreads lid second layer expanded vermiculite；Incubator is placed in the hatching iron On frame；

C. hatching management：Periodically open the door and check daily, with water sprager to incubator top layer sprinkle clear water, and loose upper strata is ventilated, Between holding water content 3%~5%；Noon opens the min of door and window 10 min~20, makes greenhouse inner air convection, 28 DEG C of keeping temperature ~32 DEG C, relative air humidity 80%~90%；Hatching picks hypogenetic egg to being checked once at 20 days~25 days comprehensively Remove；

（2）Young tortoise greenhouse cultivation：

A. young tortoise cultivates the condition of culture in greenhouse：Each to cultivate a length of 70cm of basin size, wide 50cm, deep 30cm, bottom is along long side Tilted to by certain slope, in " factory " font, enter discharge outlet and separate；Heated with solar energy or boiler recirculated water, keep water temperature 30 ℃；

B. young tortoise starts to feed young tortoise special feed after hatching three days, and the 3~6% of day feeding volume percentage of liveweight, feed daily twice, During the morning 7~8, afternoon 17~18 when respectively feed once, residual bait is removed after feeding 2 hours every time, and clean culture pond, Change the fresh water of same water temperature；Bait throwing in should accomplish timing, quantify, determine matter, fixed point；According to the health status of tortoise, sterilization one in every 7 days It is secondary；

（3）Young tortoise, into tortoise greenhouse cement pit cultivate：

A. the construction of tortoise pond is greenhouse cement pit, and whole cement pit uses brick cement structures, and the water surface accounts for the 80% of the gross area, land Account for 20%；Land is covered with sandy soil, smooth, plants plant of sheltering from heat or light above；There is certain gradient in land and the place of water surface contact, It is easy to tortoise disembarkation to ingest；Water inlet pipe is provided with phytal zone, deep water corner is provided with drainpipe and blow-off pipe；Have directly over cement pit black Color film, sun-proof keep off the rain can be played a part of；The depth of water is grown up continuous adjustment with tortoise body；Whole cement pit is located at greenhouse workshop It is interior, do not set window；Except outdoors, all closing elsewhere；Temperature is constant at 30 DEG C, and the temperature difference is no more than 3 DEG C；Water changes and interior Cement pit is identical；

B. tortoise body is put in a suitable place to breed and aquaculture management：Before putting in a suitable place to breed, with 50 g/m³Liquor potassic permanganate carries out disinfection processing to cement pit；By temperature The young tortoise that room is cultivated, is put into greenhouse cement pit according to 100/pond；Feed young tortoise and into tortoise special feed, the time is daily early During when upper 7~8 and afternoon 17~18；The 1~3% of feeding volume about percentage of liveweight, to feed rear eat up for 2 hours as degree；5~September, often It changes water 1/3~1/2, cleaning in every 7~15 days once, keeps water quality pure and fresh, transparency is controlled in 25~30 cm, water light green； Every month according to water quality and the health status of tortoise, to water body disinfection, reduces or killed the pathogen in water；With growing up for tortoise, Constantly carry out that classification is selected and a point pond is raised.

2. the comprehensive breeding method of crocodile tortoise according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The hatching house is rectangle, face 15 m of product²Left and right, built-in washing basin, the anti-ants of 3~5cm of water filling, hatching brandreth pendulum is in pond.

3. the comprehensive breeding method of crocodile tortoise according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（1）In also include pair In the sterilization of incubation medium, including：First with 3ppm potassium permanganate by hatching house and incubator thorough disinfection 2 times, killing before hatching Enemy and germ；By the expanded vermiculite exposure 3 days of purchase, germ and worm therein, ant are killed.

4. the comprehensive breeding method of crocodile tortoise according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（1）In, the expansion Vermiculite is the mm of diameter 6~8 silvery white expanded vermiculite.

5. the comprehensive breeding method of crocodile tortoise according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（1）In, the fertilization The spacing of egg is 2 cm.

6. the comprehensive breeding method of crocodile tortoise according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（2）In, the young tortoise Special feed precentagewise weight includes following component：Fish meat emulsion 40-55%, minced pork 8-15%, flour 18-23%, bean powder 10-20%, fish oil 1-3%, shrimp shell meal 0.5-1%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1%, seawood meal 1-3%, mineral matter 1-3%, vitamin 1-3%, phagostimulant 0.2-0.5%；Mentioned component is commercially available prod.

7. the comprehensive breeding method of crocodile tortoise according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（2）In, the young tortoise And include following component into tortoise special feed precentagewise weight：Minced fillet or minced pork 40-55%, flour 18-23%, bean powder 10-20%, chicken meal 5-10%, banana 3-5%, fish oil 1-3%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1%, seawood meal 1-3%, mineral matter 1- 3%th, vitamin 1-3%, growth regulator 0.5-1%；Mentioned component is commercially available prod.