CN105494240A - Comprehensive breeding method of snapping turtles - Google Patents
Comprehensive breeding method of snapping turtles Download PDFInfo
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- CN105494240A CN105494240A CN201510889807.XA CN201510889807A CN105494240A CN 105494240 A CN105494240 A CN 105494240A CN 201510889807 A CN201510889807 A CN 201510889807A CN 105494240 A CN105494240 A CN 105494240A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive breeding method of snapping turtles. The method includes the following steps that fertile eggs of snapping turtles are hatched; greenhouse cultivation of baby turtles is performed; young turtles and adult turtles are cultivated in an outdoor cement pond. The comprehensive breeding method is completed through a breeding mode of good fertile egg selecting hatch, baby turtle greenhouse cultivation and greenhouse cement pond cultivation of the young turtles and the adult turtles and special feed used in different breeding stages, and the method has the advantages that the death rate is low, and growing speed is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aquaculture field, be specifically related to a kind of crocodile tortoise comprehensive breeding method and special feed.
Background technology
Crocodile tortoise is a kind of economic Chelonian kind, have edible, view and admire, medical value, and growth is fast, lay heavily, premunition strong, and dressing percentage is high, raising is simple, has huge industrialization prospect of production.Present crocodile tortoise hatching affects by following 2 with cultivation is main: the first, and cultivation equipment is single, backward in technique.Current most of plant and raiser, all adopt single breeding way to carry out common snapping turtle culture, and what all adopt pond culture from young tortoise to one-tenth tortoise accounts for the overwhelming majority.Even some supports the equipment of Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis before directly continuing to use, and equipment is outmoded, well can not play the anti-effect escaped.Crocodile tortoise, once fall ill, can not effectively be treated.And along with the prolongation of time, tortoise body size there will be larger difference, selects not in time, separately cultivation, very easily causes cutting one another's throat between crocodile tortoise, catches, finally dead.The second, crocodile tortoise artificial propagation power is low.Artificial propagation power comprises laying rate, fertilization rate, incubation rate and young tortoise survival rate.Crocodile tortoise fertility is low to be shown: the laying rate of ripe female tortoise is lower than 50%.Fertilization rate is low less than 70%.Incubation rate is often lower than 80%, and most of individual raiser is even less than 50%.The survival rate of passing the winter of young tortoise is lower than 70%.In addition, comparatively harsh to requirement for environmental conditions, once environmental condition is not suitable with, also its fertility can be had a strong impact on.Present hatching and cultural technique restrict the development of common snapping turtle culture industry.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the comprehensive breeding method of a kind of crocodile tortoise
The comprehensive breeding method of crocodile tortoise of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
(1) hatching of crocodile tortoise fertile egg:
A. build a hatching house, put hatching brandreth;
B. choose rigid plastics incubator box, first at the bottom of case, spread ground floor expanded vermiculite, then the high-quality fertile egg of crocodile tortoise is placed on described ground floor expanded vermiculite, animal pole, then spreads lid second layer expanded vermiculite upward; Incubator box is placed on described hatching brandreth;
C. hatching management: inspection of regularly opening the door every day, with water sprager to incubator box top layer sprinkle clear water, and the ventilation of loose upper strata, keep between water content 3% ~ 5%; Open door and window 10min ~ 20min noon, make greenhouse inner air convection, keep temperature 28 DEG C ~ 32 DEG C, relative air humidity 80% ~ 90%; Hatching checks once to when 20 days ~ 25 days comprehensively, is rejected by hypogenetic egg;
(2) young tortoise greenhouse cultivation:
A. young tortoise cultivates the condition of culture in greenhouse: each cultivation basin size is long is 70cm, wide 50cm, dark 30cm, and the end tilts along long direction by certain slope, in " factory " font, enters discharge outlet separately; Heat with solar energy or boiler cycle water, keep water temperature about 30 DEG C;
B. young tortoise starts young tortoise special feed of throwing something and feeding after hatching three days, day feeding volume percentage of liveweight 3 ~ 6%, throw something and feed every day twice, when the morning 7 ~ 8, afternoon 17 ~ 18 time respectively throw something and feed once, after throwing something and feeding 2 hours, residual bait is removed, and pond is cultivated in cleaning, changes the fresh water of same water temperature at every turn; Bait throwing in should be accomplished timing, quantitatively, determine matter, fixed point; According to the health status of tortoise, sterilization in every 7 days once;
(3) young tortoise, one-tenth tortoise greenhouse cement pit are cultivated:
A. the construction of tortoise pond is outdoor tank-culture, and whole cement pit adopts brick cement structures, and the water surface accounts for 80% of the gross area, and land accounts for 20%; Land sandy soil cover, smooth, plant plant of sheltering from heat or light above; There is certain gradient in the place that land contacts with the water surface, is convenient to tortoise disembarkation and ingests; Be provided with water inlet pipe in phytal zone, deep water corner is provided with drainpipe and blow-off pipe; There is black thin film directly over cement pit, sun-proof effect of keeping off the rain can be played; The depth of water constantly adjusts along with tortoise body is grown up; Whole cement pit is positioned at workshop, greenhouse, does not establish window; Except outdoors, other places are all closed; Temperature constant is at about 30 DEG C, and the temperature difference is no more than 3 DEG C; Chi Shui change is identical with indoor water mud sump;
B. tortoise body is put in a suitable place to breed and aquaculture management: before putting in a suitable place to breed, uses 50g/m
3liquor potassic permanganate is to cement pit disinfection; By the young tortoise (0.5kg/ only) of greenhouse cultivation, put into greenhouse cement pit according to 100 every ponds; To throw something and feed young tortoise and become tortoise special feed, the time every morning 7 ~ 8 time and afternoon 17 ~ 18 time; Feeding volume is about 1 ~ 3% of percentage of liveweight, generally within latter 2 hours, eats up as degree to throw something and feed; Outdoor tank-culture is thrown something and fed on land by the bait table of waterside; Greenhouse cement pit and indoor water mud sump are are directly thrown something and fed in water; In 5 ~ September, change water 1/3 ~ 1/2, cleaning in every 7 ~ 15 days every day once, keep water quality pure and fresh, transparency controls at 25 ~ 30cm, water light green; Every month, according to the health status of water quality and tortoise, to water body disinfection, reduces or kills the pathogen in water; Along with growing up of tortoise, constantly carry out classification and select and point pond raising.
According to the further feature of the comprehensive breeding method of crocodile tortoise of the present invention, described hatching house is rectangle, area 15m
2left and right, built-in washing basin, the anti-ant of water filling 3 ~ 5cm, hatching brandreth pendulum is in pond.
According to the further feature of the comprehensive breeding method of crocodile tortoise of the present invention, the sterilization for incubation medium is also comprised in described step (1), comprise: first will hatch greenhouse and incubator box thorough disinfection 2 times with 3pp potassium permanganate before hatching, and kill harmful animal and germ; The expanded vermiculite of purchase is tanned by the sun 3 days, kills germ wherein and the pest such as worm, ant.
According to the further feature of the comprehensive breeding method of crocodile tortoise of the present invention, in described step (1), described expanded vermiculite is the silvery white expanded vermiculite of diameter 6 ~ 8mm.
According to the further feature of the comprehensive breeding method of crocodile tortoise of the present invention, in described step (1), the spacing of described fertile egg is 2cm.
According to the further feature of the comprehensive breeding method of crocodile tortoise of the present invention, in described step (2), described young tortoise special feed precentagewise weight comprises following composition: fish meat emulsion 40-55%, minced pork 8-15%, flour 18-23%, bean powder 10-20%, fish oil 1-3%, shrimp shell meal 0.5-1%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1%, seawood meal 1-3%, mineral matter 1-3%, vitamin 1-3%, bait 0.2-0.5%; Mentioned component is commercially available prod.
According to the further feature of the comprehensive breeding method of crocodile tortoise of the present invention, in described step (2), described young tortoise and one-tenth tortoise special feed precentagewise weight comprise following composition: fish gruel or minced pork 40-55%, flour 18-23%, bean powder 10-20%, chicken meal 5-10%, banana 3-5%, fish oil 1-3%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1%, seawood meal 1-3%, mineral matter 1-3%, vitamin 1-3%, growth regulator 0.5-1%; Mentioned component is commercially available prod.
The comprehensive breeding method of crocodile tortoise of the present invention selects good hatching by crocodile tortoise, young tortoise greenhouse cultivation and children, the aquaculture model becoming the cement pit cultivation of tortoise greenhouse, and different breeding stage special feed has come, the young tortoise " cultivating greenhouse+greenhouse cement pit cultivation ", broken the hibernation of young tortoise, and be in the optimum temperature (constant temperature 30 DEG C) of young tortoise growth always, young tortoise is in growth state always, therefore there is lethality low, the advantages such as fast growth.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 shows different types of expanded vermiculite.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: the crocodile tortoise of the comprehensive breeding method of crocodile tortoise of the present invention selects good hatching
1. crocodile tortoise selects good hatching
A. a hatching house is built.Hatching house is rectangle, area 15m
2left and right, built-in washing basin, the anti-ant of water filling 3 ~ 5cm, hatching brandreth pendulum is in pond.In addition, have thermometer, humidity takes into account the small appliances such as water sprager, Plastic Drum in hatching house, it is for subsequent use to place 2 ~ 3 barrels of clean water for a long time.
B. incubator box and incubation medium sterilization.Choosing the rigid plastics incubator box 9 of 59cm × 36cm × 14cm, is expanded vermiculite incubator box.Before hatching, first will hatch greenhouse and incubator box thorough disinfection 2 times with 3pp potassium permanganate, kill harmful animal and germ.The expanded vermiculite of purchase is tanned by the sun 3 days, kills germ wherein and the pest such as worm, ant.
C. before high-quality fertile egg is put, first at the bottom of case, spread 5cm expanded vermiculite, then fertile egg animal pole upward, according to each incubator box 104 (13 × 8), the interval 2cm of two eggs neatly discharges, egg spreads again lid about 5cm expanded vermiculite, the contents such as egg date, quantity received in record, puts into hatching house and be placed on brandreth after posting label.
Regularly to open the door every day inspection, with water sprager to incubator box expanded vermiculite sprinkle clear water, and loose upper strata Sha Tongqi, keep between sand water content 3% ~ 5%; Open door and window 10 ~ 20min noon, make greenhouse inner air convection, keep temperature 28 ~ 32 DEG C, relative air humidity 80% ~ 90%.Hatching checks once to when 20 ~ 25 days comprehensively, will glue sand or the rejecting of hypogenetic egg; Note taking precautions against the harm such as mouse, snake, ant.
D. the selecting and putting of high-quality fertile egg.General fertilized egg animal pole is turned white, the visible trace of blood of vegetative pole (yolk place).High quality fertilized egg of scophthatmus, animals and plants are extremely clearly demarcated, and the half of whole ovum even most all bleaches, and foundry loam is not husky, and glossiness is good, and fertilized egg inferior only has small part to bleach, and foundry loam is husky, and obfuscation is matt; Unfertilized egg is unchanged.
Method selects fertile egg 936 accordingly.
Hatch results: during 6 ~ 8mm silvery white expanded vermiculite shop fixtures, incubation rate is up to 93.9%.
E. hatching management.Regularly to open the door every day inspection, with water sprager to incubator box top layer fine sand (expanded vermiculite) sprinkle clear water, and loose upper strata Sha Tongqi, keep between sand water content 3% ~ 5%; Open door and window 10min ~ 20min noon, make greenhouse inner air convection, keep temperature 28 DEG C ~ 32 DEG C, relative air humidity 80% ~ 90%.Hatching checks once to when 20 days ~ 25 days comprehensively, will glue sand or the rejecting of hypogenetic egg.
Incubation rate compared with laying rate, fertilization rate, final determine to emerge number.So improve incubation rate to seem particularly important, the incubation rate of current most of breeding enterprise and raiser, generally lower than 50%, even only has 20% sometimes.According to hatching m of the present invention, make to comprise temperature, humidity and the various condition such as ventilative and reach optimum state, the incubation rate of tortoise ovum can reach 90%.
Incubation temperature: tortoise egg hatching preference temperature controls at 28 ~ 32 DEG C by the method for the invention is best with about 30 DEG C.Temperature can not be too high or too low, when temperature is low, availablely manually to heat.Heating mode has electric heating warming, solar energy heating, stove to heat.If temperature is too high, should window aeration-cooling.In a word, once reserve incubation temperature, before and after the temperature difference, just 3 DEG C can not be differed.
Incubation medium and hatching humidity: most domestic enterprise and cultivation at present adopts silt as incubation medium per family.Hatching silt water content 7% ~ 8% is more suitable.If humidity is too large, tortoise ovum is easily held one's breath and extremely, if humidity is too little, tortoise ovum moisture easily evaporates, and ovum meeting " is dried up " dead.
In the present invention, the expanded vermiculite performance of keeping humidity used during hatching is good, need not often spray water; Its permeability is good, does not need often to stir.Compare traditional silt medium, can hatching success be improved, save manpower, raising efficiency.
In addition, in hatching process, according to the moisture situation of incubation medium, in time with sprayer or water sprager watering due to.The performance of keeping humidity of expanded vermiculite is good, need not often spray water, and a general week sprays water once.
The ventilative state of hatching: between the incubation period, according to silt as incubation medium, 10min after watering every day, with hand by sand bed pine once, so both prevent sandy soil from hardening and hold one's breath, prevent again moisture from evaporating, but when taking off sand bed, tortoise ovum below must not be vibrated, in order to avoid affect hatching effect.
2. different incubation medium impact that crocodile tortoise is hatched
(1) test block is arranged
This experiment addressing is positioned at Guangzhou City Xianbu Agricultural Development Co., Ltd.'s hatching room.Hatching room is rectangle, area about 15m2, built-in washing basin, the anti-ant of water filling 3cm ~ 5cm, and hatching brandreth pendulum is in pond.In addition, have thermometer, humidity takes into account the small appliances such as water sprager, Plastic Drum in hatching house, it is for subsequent use to place 2 ~ 3 barrels of clean water for a long time.
(2) the selecting of incubator box and incubation medium
The present invention adopts expanded vermiculite as incubation medium, and because its permeability is good, do not need often to stir, a week is stirred once, the bad egg of the inside is chosen, and rejoins new expanded vermiculite.
Choose the rigid plastics incubator box 12 of 59cm × 36cm × 14cm, be numbered 1 ~ 12 respectively.Wherein 1 ~ No. 3 is silt incubator box, and other are various expanded vermiculite incubator boxs.Expanded vermiculite selects three kinds in figure below, is 1mm ~ 3mm golden yellow expanded vermiculite, 1mm ~ 3mm silvery white expanded vermiculite and 6mm ~ 8mm silvery white expanded vermiculite respectively.Different types of expanded vermiculite is see Fig. 1.
(3) hatching utensil sterilization
Hatching greenhouse and incubator box 3pp potassium permanganate thorough disinfection 2 times, to kill harmful animal and germ.Hatching fine sand aperture is that the screen cloth of 0.5cm sieves, removing rubble and rough sand etc.Silt povidone iodine soaking disinfection 2d will be hatched, kill the germ in mud, sand and the pest such as worm, ant, then tan by the sun 3d, mix in proportion in rear loading incubator box, labelled, be placed in hatching greenhouse for subsequent use.The expanded vermiculite of purchase is tanned by the sun 3d, kills germ wherein and the pest such as worm, ant.
(4) the selecting and putting of high-quality fertile egg
General fertilized egg animal pole is turned white, the visible trace of blood of vegetative pole (yolk place).High quality fertilized egg of scophthatmus animals and plants are extremely clearly demarcated, and the half of whole ovum even most all bleaches, and foundry loam is not husky, and glossiness is good, and fertilized egg inferior only has small part to bleach, and foundry loam is husky, and obfuscation is matt; Unfertilized egg is unchanged.Method selects 1248 pieces, fertilized egg accordingly.Before putting, first at the bottom of case, spread 5cm fine sand or expanded vermiculite, then fertile egg animal pole upward, according to each incubator box 104 (13 × 8), the interval 2cm of two eggs neatly discharges, egg spreads again fine sand or the expanded vermiculite of lid about 5cm, the contents such as egg date, quantity received in record, puts into hatching house and be placed on brandreth after posting label.
(5) hatching management
Regularly to open the door every day inspection, with water sprager to incubator box top layer fine sand (expanded vermiculite) sprinkle clear water, and loose upper strata Sha Tongqi, keep between sand water content 3% ~ 5%; Open door and window 10min ~ 20min noon, make greenhouse inner air convection, keep temperature 28 DEG C ~ 32 DEG C, relative air humidity 80% ~ 90%.Hatching checks once to when 20 days ~ 25 days comprehensively, will glue sand or the rejecting of hypogenetic egg.
5.2 hatch results
Start hatching on June 5th, 2011, each vermiculite group brooding time is 61 days, and silt group is 70 days.12 incubator boxs hatch tortoise seedling 971 altogether, lopsided seedling 37, and average percentage hatch rate is 77.8%, and effective incubation rate is 74.8%.As can be seen from table 2-3, any one expanded vermiculite is all good than silt hatching effect, and (the yellow expanded vermiculite incubation rate of 1mm ~ 3mm is 72.2%, and effective incubation rate is 66.8% for incubation rate and the minimum difference of effective incubation rate nearly 20%.Silt incubation rate is 57.1%, and effective incubation rate is 49.8%), maximumly differ by more than 40% (6mm ~ 8mm silvery white expanded vermiculite incubation rate is 95.9%, and effective incubation rate is 93.9%.Silt incubation rate is 57.1%, and effective incubation rate is 49.8%).And abnormal rate is lower, be minimumly only 2%.
The golden yellow expanded vermiculite of 1mm ~ 3mm is compared with same specification silvery white kind, and the former incubation rate and effective incubation rate are all not as good as the latter.Under specification of the same race is described, silvery white expanded vermiculite hatching effect is better.1mm ~ 3mm silvery white expanded vermiculite is compared with same color 6mm ~ 8mm expanded vermiculite, and the former incubation rate and effective incubation rate are equally all not as good as the latter.Under same color is described, the kind hatching effect that specification is larger is better.
Table 1: different incubator box hatching situation statistics
Incubation medium can protect ovum in the hatching process of testudinate ovum, maintains the relatively stable of the condition such as incubation temperature and humidity, and the suitable hatching of incubation medium to ovum has extremely important effect.Result of study shows; expanded vermiculite, compared with silt, has that porosity is large, proportion is little, an advantage such as heat conductivity and seepage of water difference, in heat insulating ability, moisture retention and gas permeability, be therefore all better than silt; and quality is soft, anti-seismic performance is good, be more conducive to protection tortoise egg.This experiment is when selecting incubation medium, mainly consider following factor: silt is a kind of incubation medium adopting frequency higher in the artificial incubation of crocodile tortoise ovum, in the research experiment that expanded vermiculite has been widely used in Mauremys mutica ovum, tortoise ovum and Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis ovum as incubation medium and production practices, but can the expanded vermiculite of different size and different colours be applied to the artificial incubation of crocodile tortoise ovum, its hatching effect there are differences? also there is no relevant report both at home and abroad.Therefore, this experimental selection 6mm ~ 8mm silvery white expanded vermiculite, 1mm ~ 3mm silvery white expanded vermiculite, the golden yellow expanded vermiculite of 1mm ~ 3mm and silt four kinds of materials are as incubation medium.Experimental result shows, and adopt each group of incubation rate of expanded vermiculite to be significantly higher than silt group, brooding time and tortoise seedling abnormal rate are but lower than the latter.And specification is larger, hatching effect is better.
About the impact that the envirment factor such as incubation temperature, humidity is hatched testudinate animal, domestic research mainly concentrates on temperature factor aspect.Result of study shows, in suitable temperature range, along with the continuous rising of temperature, body metabolism is accelerated, and can accelerate embryonic development speed, shortens brooding time.The heat insulating ability of expanded vermiculite is better than silt, can keep stable in a long time, the embryonic development speed of crocodile tortoise ovum is made to maintain higher level in whole brooding time, add that permeability is good, accelerate crocodile tortoise ovum and extraneous gas exchanges, make embryonic development maintain good state, under both actings in conjunction, shorten brooding time.In this experiment, the brooding time of each vermiculite group is all shorter than silt group, confirms that the heat insulating ability of vermiculite, permeability are better.
Incubation rate and the main impact by incubation medium moisture retention of abnormal rate height.Humidity is too large, and in medium, oxygen content reduces, and tortoise ovum is easily held one's breath and dead, and humidity is too little, easily causes tortoise ovum " to dry up " death after moisture evaporation.Tortoise egg hatching desired moisture level in early stage is large, and later stage tortoise seedling is shaped gradually, required enhanced oxygen, and humidity should suitably reduce.In this experiment, expanded vermiculite has good moisture retention, once the optimum humidity before testing needed for setting tortoise egg hatching, only needs a week to spray water once, adds new expanded vermiculite on time.Relative to silt, save a large amount of manpower and materials.So adopt each group of expanded vermiculite in experiment, incubation rate is all significantly higher than silt group, and abnormal rate is all lower than the latter.This experimental result and (2012) such as Wang Ling to Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis report consistent, but there are differences with (2004) researchs to tortoise such as Du Weiguo, may be crocodile tortoise existence and breeding needed for humidity environment closer to Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis, be exactly adopt silt as incubation medium in addition, moisture evaporation is very fast, and sandy soil easily harden and hold one's breath.
Permeability-related also with medium of the height of incubation rate.In embryo development procedure, tortoise ovum needs constantly and the external world carries out gas exchanges.Expanded vermiculite permeability is good, is conducive to the oxygen in the tortoise ovisorption external world, discharges the carbonic acid gas in body simultaneously, ensures the growth of embryo.Silt permeability is poor, is unfavorable for that tortoise ovum and the external world carry out gas exchanges, along with being on the increase of carbonic acid gas, easily causes embryo to be choked to death.Adopt each group of expanded vermiculite in experiment, incubation rate is all significantly higher than silt group.The expanded vermiculite of different specifications, along with the increase of specification, permeability constantly increases, and incubation rate raises.
In the experiment of the present embodiment, the golden yellow expanded vermiculite of 1mm ~ 3mm is almost identical in heat insulating ability, moisture retention, gas permeability and shock resistance etc. with 1mm ~ 3mm silvery white expanded vermiculite, but difference has also appearred in incubation rate.Possible cause is that both quality are different, and mineral matter needed for the tortoise hatching that silvery white kind contains more horn of plenty, be more conducive to the material conditions needed for embryonic development, hatching effect is relatively better.
In sum, golden yellow expanded vermiculite is almost identical in heat insulating ability, moisture retention, gas permeability and shock resistance etc. with silvery white expanded vermiculite, but mineral matter needed for the tortoise hatching that silvery white kind contains more horn of plenty, more be conducive to the material conditions needed for embryonic development, hatching effect is relatively better, and the incubation rate of the silver color expanded vermiculite of 6mm ~ 8mm is higher than 1mm ~ 3mm silvery white expanded vermiculite, therefore crocodile tortoise of the present invention selects the vermiculite in good hatching m to select the silver color expanded vermiculite that specification is larger.
Embodiment two: the young tortoise greenhouse cultivation of the comprehensive breeding method of crocodile tortoise of the present invention
The young tortoise that greenhouse cultivation has just been born, because individuality is little, responsive to environmental change, therefore, answer constant temperature to cultivate.It is similar to hatching greenhouse that young tortoise cultivates greenhouse experiment, and each cultivation basin size is long is 70cm, wide 50cm, dark 30cm, and the end tilts along long direction by certain slope, in " factory " font, enters discharge outlet separately.Heat with solar energy or boiler cycle water, keep water temperature about 30 DEG C.
Squab young tortoise, checks whether its navel is kept well, and the young tortoise that navel is kept well puts into cultivation greenhouse cultivation, and the young tortoise that navel is not kept well puts into greenhouse cultivation again after navel is kept well completely.
The young tortoise of different size is separately raised, and the young tortoise specification with pond is as far as possible consistent, and body weight difference no more than 2g, and constantly carries out classification and a point pond raising along with growing up of young tortoise.The young tortoise every square metre of about 10g puts 50 ~ 70 in a suitable place to breed, and the depth of water is advisable to exceed the curvature of the spinal column 3 ~ 5cm.
Young tortoise starts to throw something and feed after hatching 3 days.Open-mouthed bait selects fresh or dry Shrimps and meat gruel.Along with growing up of tortoise body, transfer granule tortoise feed or autogamy feed gradually to.Day feeding volume accounts for 3 ~ 6% of tortoise body weight, throws something and feeds twice every day, when the morning 7 ~ 8, afternoon 17 ~ 18 time respectively throw something and feed once, according to timing, quantitatively, determine matter, the principle of fixed point respectively throws something and feeds once, after throwing something and feeding 2 hours, residual bait is removed, and pond is cultivated in cleaning, changes the fresh water of same water temperature.According to the health status of tortoise, within every 7 days, sterilize once with gentian violet.
One of advantage of the present invention is the special feed that have employed particular formulation, and precentagewise weight comprises following composition: fish meat emulsion 40-55%, minced pork 8-15%, flour 18-23%, bean powder 10-20%, fish oil 1-3%, shrimp shell meal 0.5-1%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1%, seawood meal 1-3%, mineral matter 1-3%, vitamin 1-3%, bait 0.2-0.5%; Mentioned component is commercially available prod.
It is noted that to eliminate in conventional feed conventional yolk in above-mentioned special feed, because experiment shows, yolk is more dry, frangible, disagreeable to the taste and easily ruin water quality.
Embodiment three: the children of the comprehensive breeding method of crocodile tortoise of the present invention, one-tenth tortoise aquaculture model
1, children, one-tenth tortoise greenhouse cement pit are cultivated
The construction of tortoise pond is for being greenhouse cement pit, and whole cement pit adopts brick cement structures, and the water surface accounts for 80% of the gross area, and land accounts for 20%.Land sandy soil cover, smooth, plant plant of sheltering from heat or light above.There is certain gradient in the place that land contacts with the water surface, is convenient to tortoise disembarkation and ingests.Be provided with water inlet pipe in phytal zone, deep water corner is provided with drainpipe and blow-off pipe.There is black thin film directly over cement pit, sun-proof effect of keeping off the rain can be played.The depth of water constantly adjusts along with tortoise body is grown up.The tortoise of 0.5 ~ 2kg, mean depth of water is the tortoise of 0.5m, more than 2kg, and mean depth of water is 0.8m.
Tortoise body is put in a suitable place to breed and aquaculture management is implemented as follows: before putting in a suitable place to breed, uses 50g/m
3liquor potassic permanganate is to all cement pit disinfections.Respectively by the young tortoise (0.5kg/ only) of greenhouse cultivation, according to 100 every ponds, put into greenhouse cement pit.To throw something and feed young tortoise and become tortoise special feed, the time every morning 7 ~ 8 time and afternoon 17 ~ 18 time.Feeding volume is about 1 ~ 3% of percentage of liveweight, generally within latter 2 hours, eats up to throw something and feed as degree.Outdoor tank-culture is thrown something and fed on land by the bait table of waterside.Greenhouse cement pit and indoor water mud sump are are directly thrown something and fed in water.In 5 ~ September, change water 1/3 ~ 1/2, cleaning in every 7 ~ 15 days every day once, keep water quality pure and fresh, transparency controls at 25 ~ 30cm, water light green.Every month, according to the health status of water quality and tortoise, to water body disinfection, reduces or kills the pathogen in water.Along with growing up of tortoise, constantly carry out classification and select and point pond raising.
2, the selection of the Three models of children, the cultivation of one-tenth tortoise
Experimental technique: children, one-tenth tortoise select following three kinds of cement pits cultivation respectively.
Outdoor tank-culture: whole cement pit adopts brick cement structures, the water surface accounts for 80% of the gross area, and land accounts for 20%.Land sandy soil cover, smooth, plant plant of sheltering from heat or light above.There is certain gradient in the place that land contacts with the water surface, is convenient to tortoise disembarkation and ingests.Be provided with water inlet pipe in phytal zone, deep water corner is provided with drainpipe and blow-off pipe.There is black thin film directly over cement pit, sun-proof effect of keeping off the rain can be played.The depth of water constantly adjusts along with tortoise body is grown up.The tortoise of 0.5kg ~ 2.0kg, mean depth of water is the tortoise of 0.5m, more than 2kg, and mean depth of water is 0.8m.
Indoor water mud sump: whole cement pit adopts brick cement structures, does not establish land.At the bottom of " pot shape " pond, surrounding is high, middle low.Residual waste can constantly be concentrated to centre.Drainpipe and blow-off pipe is provided with in the centre in pond.Whole cement pit is positioned at aquatic products workshop, and except the heat extraction fan on door, window and roof, other places are all closed.Chi Shui change is identical with outdoor tank-culture.
Greenhouse cement pit: the structure in pond is identical with indoor water mud sump.Whole cement pit is positioned at workshop, greenhouse, does not establish window.Except outdoors, other places are all closed.Temperature constant is at about 30 DEG C.The temperature difference is no more than 3 DEG C.Chi Shui change is identical with indoor water mud sump.
Before putting in a suitable place to breed, with 50g/m3 liquor potassic permanganate to all cement pit disinfections.Respectively by the same a collection of young tortoise (0.5kg/ only) of greenhouse cultivation, according to 100 every ponds, put into outdoor tank-culture, indoor water mud sump and greenhouse cement pit respectively.To throw something and feed artifical compound feed, the time every morning 7 ~ 8 time and afternoon 17 ~ 18 time.Feeding volume is about 1% ~ 3% of percentage of liveweight.Outdoor tank-culture is thrown something and fed on land by the bait table of waterside.Greenhouse cement pit and indoor water mud sump are are directly thrown something and fed in water.In 5 ~ September, change water 1/3 ~ 1/2 every day, once, keep water quality pure and fresh, transparency controls at 25cm ~ 30cm, water light green in cleaning in every 7 ~ 15 days.Every month, according to the health status of water quality and tortoise, to water body disinfection, reduces or kills the pathogen in water.Along with growing up of tortoise, constantly carry out classification and select and point pond raising.
Experimental result sees the following form 2.
Table 2: the experimental result under crocodile tortoise different breeding pattern
Note: lethality=death toll/100 × 100%; Feed gross weight/tortoise body the total augment weight of feed coefficient=throw something and feed
As can be seen from Table 2: under cultivation greenhouse+greenhouse cement pit aquaculture model, crocodile tortoise growth rate is the fastest, and after 1 year, average weight reaches 3.50kg.But feed coefficient and cultivation greenhouse+indoor water mud sump cultivate lower identical, all higher than cultivation greenhouse+outdoor tank-culture.Under cultivating greenhouse+indoor water mud sump cultivation, though crocodile tortoise growth rate is faster than cultivation greenhouse+outdoor tank-culture, lethality is the highest.
Claims (7)
1. a comprehensive breeding method for crocodile tortoise, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) hatching of crocodile tortoise fertile egg:
A. build a hatching house, put hatching brandreth;
B. choose rigid plastics incubator box, first at the bottom of case, spread ground floor expanded vermiculite, then the high-quality fertile egg of crocodile tortoise is placed on described ground floor expanded vermiculite, animal pole, then spreads lid second layer expanded vermiculite upward; Incubator box is placed on described hatching brandreth;
C. hatching management: inspection of regularly opening the door every day, with water sprager to incubator box top layer sprinkle clear water, and the ventilation of loose upper strata, keep between water content 3% ~ 5%; Open door and window 10min ~ 20min noon, make greenhouse inner air convection, keep temperature 28 DEG C ~ 32 DEG C, relative air humidity 80% ~ 90%; Hatching checks once to when 20 days ~ 25 days comprehensively, is rejected by hypogenetic egg;
(2) young tortoise greenhouse cultivation:
A. young tortoise cultivates the condition of culture in greenhouse: each cultivation basin size is long is 70cm, wide 50cm, dark 30cm, and the end tilts along long direction by certain slope, in " factory " font, enters discharge outlet separately; Heat with solar energy or boiler cycle water, keep water temperature about 30 DEG C;
B. young tortoise starts young tortoise special feed of throwing something and feeding after hatching three days, day feeding volume percentage of liveweight 3 ~ 6%, throw something and feed every day twice, when the morning 7 ~ 8, afternoon 17 ~ 18 time respectively throw something and feed once, after throwing something and feeding 2 hours, residual bait is removed, and pond is cultivated in cleaning, changes the fresh water of same water temperature at every turn; Bait throwing in should be accomplished timing, quantitatively, determine matter, fixed point; According to the health status of tortoise, sterilization in every 7 days once;
(3) young tortoise, one-tenth tortoise greenhouse cement pit are cultivated:
A. the construction of tortoise pond is greenhouse cement pit, and whole cement pit adopts brick cement structures, and the water surface accounts for 80% of the gross area, and land accounts for 20%; Land sandy soil cover, smooth, plant plant of sheltering from heat or light above; There is certain gradient in the place that land contacts with the water surface, is convenient to tortoise disembarkation and ingests; Be provided with water inlet pipe in phytal zone, deep water corner is provided with drainpipe and blow-off pipe; There is black thin film directly over cement pit, sun-proof effect of keeping off the rain can be played; The depth of water constantly adjusts along with tortoise body is grown up; Whole cement pit is positioned at workshop, greenhouse, does not establish window; Except outdoors, other places are all closed; Temperature constant is at about 30 DEG C, and the temperature difference is no more than 3 DEG C; Chi Shui change is identical with indoor water mud sump;
B. tortoise body is put in a suitable place to breed and aquaculture management: before putting in a suitable place to breed, uses 50g/m
3liquor potassic permanganate is to cement pit disinfection; By the young tortoise (0.5kg/ only) of greenhouse cultivation, put into greenhouse cement pit according to 100 every ponds; To throw something and feed young tortoise and become tortoise special feed, the time every morning 7 ~ 8 time and afternoon 17 ~ 18 time; Feeding volume is about 1 ~ 3% of percentage of liveweight, generally within latter 2 hours, eats up as degree to throw something and feed; In 5 ~ September, change water 1/3 ~ 1/2, cleaning in every 7 ~ 15 days every day once, keep water quality pure and fresh, transparency controls at 25 ~ 30cm, water light green; Every month, according to the health status of water quality and tortoise, to water body disinfection, reduces or kills the pathogen in water; Along with growing up of tortoise, constantly carry out classification and select and point pond raising.
2. the comprehensive breeding method of crocodile tortoise according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described hatching house is rectangle, area 15m
2left and right, built-in washing basin, the anti-ant of water filling 3 ~ 5cm, hatching brandreth pendulum is in pond.
3. the comprehensive breeding method of crocodile tortoise according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step (1), also comprise the sterilization for incubation medium, comprise: first will hatch greenhouse and incubator box thorough disinfection 2 times with 3pp potassium permanganate before hatching, and kill harmful animal and germ; The expanded vermiculite of purchase is tanned by the sun 3 days, kills germ wherein and the pest such as worm, ant.
4. the comprehensive breeding method of crocodile tortoise according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (1), and described expanded vermiculite is the silvery white expanded vermiculite of diameter 6 ~ 8mm.
5. the comprehensive breeding method of crocodile tortoise according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (1), and the spacing of described fertile egg is 2cm.
6. the comprehensive breeding method of crocodile tortoise according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step (2), described young tortoise special feed precentagewise weight comprises following composition: fish meat emulsion 40-55%, minced pork 8-15%, flour 18-23%, bean powder 10-20%, fish oil 1-3%, shrimp shell meal 0.5-1%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1%, seawood meal 1-3%, mineral matter 1-3%, vitamin 1-3%, bait 0.2-0.5%; Mentioned component is commercially available prod.
7. the comprehensive breeding method of crocodile tortoise according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step (2), described young tortoise and one-tenth tortoise special feed precentagewise weight comprise following composition: fish gruel or minced pork 40-55%, flour 18-23%, bean powder 10-20%, chicken meal 5-10%, banana 3-5%, fish oil 1-3%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1%, seawood meal 1-3%, mineral matter 1-3%, vitamin 1-3%, growth regulator 0.5-1%; Mentioned component is commercially available prod.
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| CN111685077A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-09-22 | 广东贞山鳄鱼养殖有限公司 | Artificial hatching method for crocodiles |
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