CN102754620A - Artificial reproduction method of ocadia sinensis - Google Patents
Artificial reproduction method of ocadia sinensis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of testudinate breeding, in particular to an artificial reproduction method of ocadia sinensis. The method comprises the steps of adult turtle culturing, turtle egg collection, artificial incubation, young turtle breeding, moving of young turtles into a young turtle pool and the like, wherein the process of artificial incubation comprises the steps of laying a layer of incubation soil on the bottom of an incubation box, embedding the collected turtle eggs into the incubation soil of the incubation box, arranging the incubation box into a heat preservation room, then checking the incubation box for one time in the morning and at night; if the color of incubation oil weakens, spraying water, and after the incubation is conducted for 6-7 days, selecting the turtle eggs with white fertilization spots, and arranging the turtle eggs into another incubation box for incubation. According to the artificial reproduction method, the incubation condition is set reasonably, and the reasonable artificial reproduction is conducted, so that the hatchability of testudinate is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to testudinate propagation technique field, relate in particular to the artificial fecundation method of a kind of China flower tortoise.
Background technology
China flower tortoise (Dcadia sinensis) has another name called Taiwan grass tortoise, six lines grass, pearl tortoise etc., is subordinate to Chelonia, fresh water Testudinidae, flower Chinemys, and natural world mainly is distributed in ground such as Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan.China flower tortoise is a kind of high tonic and valuable medicinal, and its meat rich in proteins and vitamin are nutritious, delicious flavour; Its crust is processed into tortoiseshell, has nourishing Yin and falling firely, and the bushing kidney, effect such as strengthen the bone.China's flower tortoise has good ornamental value simultaneously, particularly views and admires market prospects at present and has an optimistic view of.Biological property and the reproductive habit of China flower tortoise are following:
1, resemblance
China's flower glans part is less, and kiss is taper, protrudes in the beak end.The beak end is serrulate, and body is more flat, and tool is triangular, and the ridge rib is obvious.1 piece on neck shield is trapezoidal or rectangle.5 pieces on vertebra shield, 4 pairs on rib shield, 12 pairs on beak shield, both sides are little tilts upward, and each scultellum all has concentric stria.Plastron is flat, and leading edge is straight, and trailing edge is recessed, and the first bridge is obvious, and four limbs are oblate, and leading edge has the big squama of line.Refer to, the full web of toe, forelimb 5 pawls, hind leg 4 pawls, tail is long, taper, head, the back of the body and four limbs knapsack are chestnut color, a side and outside of belly look light, have distinct yellow thin longitudinal grin from the kiss end through eye and a back of the body, side, ventrad health extends, four limbs and tail be the yellow carefully longitudinal grin of cloth also.The light brown yellow line of belly tool has chestnut color spot.
2, life habit
The aquatic Chelonian of China's flower Chinemys, it is strong to have a liking for water-based, has disembarkation to shine the habit of the back of the body, and temperature is more than 25 ℃, when bright and sunny, sunny, and the balcony is climbed up in China's flower tortoise happiness or the back of the body is shone on the bank.China flower tortoise has gregarious habit, generally is two and lives in caves together that one cave has 7～8 in the time of many.China flower tortoise is a poikilotherm, and be hibernation period annual March in November to next year, and come into play April, high temperature season, and daytime is seldom movable.Under the artificial feeding condition, daytime is hidden in the hole or the more place of pasture and water, dives into the water during high temperature, and movable at dusk frequent, evening, happiness lied prostrate in shoal, and four limbs stretch has a rest.When water temperature is lower than 20 ℃, do not eat food basically, just begin food in the time of 24 ℃, be the prosperous food phase 6～October, wherein 7～September the most vigorous, 11 month temperatures descend, food decrescence, up to the entering hibernation of stopping eating.China flower tortoise generally between the lights to food in morning on next day, all can search for food by feed of animal origin (small fish, shrimp, spiral shell, earthworm etc.) and vegetable feed (corn, pachyrhizus, pumpkin and various pasture and water, vegetables etc.).
3, reproductive habit
The breeding of China flower tortoise is similar basically with general tortoise, and it gets final product mate and oviposit more than body weight 250 grams.Be the egg-laying period 2～June, lays eggs 1～3 batch every year, and ovum is bigger, oblong, shell white is thick and hard.29.6～47.0 millimeters of ovum major diameters, 19.4～27.5 millimeters of minor axis weigh 6.2～10.0 grams.The artificial incubation of tortoise ovum is placed on ovum in husky basin or the sandbox, and one deck ovum one deck is husky, also Gai Sha topmost, and regularly trickle keeps husky moistening, is placed on basin or case indoor, and general temperature is between 28 ℃～33 ℃, and young tortoise just pips about 63 days.The male and female individual difference of China flower tortoise is bigger, and male tortoise individuality is less than female tortoise, and between 380～1000 grams, female tortoise body weight individuality can reach 4500 grams to male tortoise body weight usually.Male turtle-back nail surpasses 10 centimetres of existing property characteristics, and female tortoise tail is thin and short, and anus pitch-row plastron trailing edge is near; Male tortoise tail is thick and long, and anus pitch-row plastron trailing edge is far away.Propagate artificially under the situation, ripe about 3 years, along with the age increases, egg laying amount increases year by year, and fertilization rate increases.But, the propagation method of existing China flower tortoise, incubation condition is unreasonable, causes hatchability on the low side.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to the deficiency of prior art and provide a kind of incubation condition rationally, the China that can improve hatchability spends the artificial fecundation method of tortoise.
To achieve these goals, the present invention provides the artificial fecundation method of a kind of China flower tortoise, and this method comprises the following steps:
A, cultivate close tortoise, before laying eggs, cultivate close tortoise;
B, collection tortoise ovum after treating female tortoise mating and crawl into the spawning ground to lay eggs, are collected the tortoise ovum, the tortoise ovum is positioned over one fills in the collecting box of vermiculite or sandy soil, and collecting moist towel of good tortoise ovum upper cover or sponge;
C, artificial incubation, shop one deck hatch soil is imbedded the tortoise ovum of collecting in the hatch soil of incubator box at the bottom of the case of incubator box; And incubator box places in the moist closet, then, checks every morning and checks 1 time with evening for 1 time; The water spray if the hatch soil color is thin out; After hatching 6～7 days, the tortoise ovum that has white fertilization spot is picked out, be placed on another incubator box and hatch;
D, raise young tortoise, treat that young tortoise in the incubator box goes out shell after, let young tortoise in incubator box after 1～2 day; The young tortoise that again incubator box midriff navel is shunk is fully taken out; Be put in the water pond and raise, and the young tortoise that navel does not shrink fully in the incubator box then continues to stay and rests in the incubator box;
E, move into young tortoise pond, treat that young tortoise in the water pond opens food after, young tortoise is moved into young tortoise pond, and in young tortoise pond, puts duckweed in a suitable place to breed, the animal bait of throwing something and feeding, treat that young tortoise grows up to the tortoise seedling after, put in a suitable place to breed in outdoor ponds again.
Preferably, the hatch soil among the said step C is the laterite with vermiculite.
Preferably, the incubator box among the said step C is wooden case, and the length of this wooden case is that l00 centimetre, width are 50 centimetres.
Preferably, the temperature of the moist closet among the said step C is 28～34 ℃,
Preferably, total 55～63 days incubation periods among the said step C.
Preferably, said laterite is sprayed water earlier before use and is stirred, and makes laterite absorb moisture uniformly, and keeping moisture content is 7%～10%.
Preferably, said hatching the thickness of the layer is 5 centimetres, and the distance that is embedded between the tortoise ovum in the said hatch soil is 2～l0 millimeter.
Preferably, for beginning to collect the tortoise ovum early morning every day, the said collecting box that is used to collect the tortoise ovum is square wooden case among the said step B.
Preferably, the depth of water of water pond is 0.5～1 centimetre among the said step D.
Preferably, the depth of water in young tortoise pond is 50 centimetres in the said step e, and said young tortoise pond is provided with the slope.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the present invention is through cultivating steps such as close tortoise, collection tortoise ovum, artificial incubation, the young tortoise of raising, the young tortoise of immigration pond, and wherein, the artificial incubation step is shop one deck hatch soil at the bottom of the case of incubator box; The tortoise ovum of collecting is imbedded in the hatch soil of incubator box, and incubator box places in the moist closet, then; Check every morning 1 time with evening check 1 time, if the hatch soil color is thin out the water spray, until the hatching 6～7 days after; The tortoise ovum that has white fertilization spot is picked out, be placed on another incubator box and hatch, thereby rational incubation condition is set; Carry out rational artificial propagation, to improve the hatchability of China flower tortoise.
Embodiment
Through embodiment the present invention is further described below.
The present invention provides the artificial fecundation method of a kind of China flower tortoise, and this method comprises the following steps:
A, cultivate close tortoise (breed the adult tortoise of usefulness, promptly plant tortoise), before laying eggs, cultivate close tortoise; China flower tortoise is the animal that repeatedly lays eggs; The parent tortoise first egg-laying time generally in mid or late Febuary in every year; The quality of parent's quality that tortoise lays eggs, closely related with the cultivation before laying eggs, have only the cultivation of the close tortoise of reinforcement before laying eggs; The required various nutrition of close tortoise breeding are satisfied in assurance, and close tortoise could lay eggs smoothly.Cultivation before the parent tortoise lays eggs, must accomplish following several requirements: the feed of comprehensive nutrition, the balanced proportion of throwing something and feeding (1) day, water quality is improved in (2), keeps the pond of the close tortoise of raising clean, and (3) keep the peace and quiet of environment.
B, collection tortoise ovum after treating female tortoise mating and crawl into the spawning ground to lay eggs, are collected the tortoise ovum, the tortoise ovum is positioned over one fills in the collecting box of vermiculite or sandy soil, and collecting moist towel of good tortoise ovum upper cover or sponge.Wherein, China flower tortoise is internal fertilization, and the temperature during the male and female mating is 20～30 ℃; Male tortoise climbs on the female curvature of the spinal column during mating, and phallus inserts in the female tortoise body, mating and in water, carrying out usually when laying eggs; Egg-laying period is longer; 2 general annual～June all visible laying eggs, and the busy season of laying eggs in the 3～mid-May in every year, egg-laying time many after dusk to dawn.Before laying eggs, female tortoise will be selected suitable soil of laying eggs, and can crawl into the spawning ground when therefore female tortoise will lay eggs, find the suitable place of laying eggs after, prop up and body support with forelimb, hind leg is burrowed.The cave mouth is generally 5～10 centimetres, be generally the cave young in the hole big, dark about 15 centimetres of cave.Female tortoise just lays eggs in the cave after having dug the cave.Wherein, before laying eggs, need in the inspection spawning ground sandy soil whether suitable, if the spawning ground sandy soil are dry, should every day or watering at dusk every other day, guarantee the humidity of the bed of laying eggs in spawning ground.
C, artificial incubation; Shop one deck hatch soil the tortoise ovum of collecting is imbedded in the hatch soil of incubator box, and incubator box places in the moist closet at the bottom of the case of incubator box; Then; Check every morning 1 time with evening check 1 time, if the hatch soil color is thin out the water spray, for example: the color of laterite thin out then the water spray; After hatching 6～7 days, the tortoise ovum that has white fertilization spot is picked out, be placed on another incubator box and hatch, certainly, this incubator box also need be spread one deck hatch soil.
D, raise young tortoise; After treating that young tortoise in the incubator box goes out shell, should not take out immediately, let young tortoise in incubator box after 1～2 day; The young tortoise that again incubator box midriff navel is shunk is fully taken out; Be put in the water pond and raise, and the young tortoise that navel does not shrink fully in the incubator box then continues to stay and rests in the incubator box; Wherein, young tortoise body weight is generally 4.1～6.9 grams, long 26～35 millimeters of carapace, and body is wide 22～27 millimeters.
E, move into young tortoise pond, treat that young tortoise in the water pond opens food after, young tortoise is moved into young tortoise pond, and in young tortoise pond, puts duckweed in a suitable place to breed, the animal bait of throwing something and feeding, treat that young tortoise grows up to the tortoise seedling after, put in a suitable place to breed in outdoor ponds again.
Wherein, the hatch soil among the said step C is the laterite with vermiculite; Said laterite is sprayed water earlier before use and is stirred, and makes laterite absorb moisture uniformly, keeps moist, and keeping moisture content is 7%～10%; And said hatching the thickness of the layer is 5 centimetres, and the distance that is embedded between the tortoise ovum in the said hatch soil is 2～l0 millimeter, certainly; Said tortoise ovum is imbedded the degree of depth in the hatch soil; Can bury underground as required, and the tortoise ovum in the said incubator box can be placed two-layer.
Wherein, the incubator box among the said step C is wooden case, and the length of this wooden case is that l00 centimetre, width are 50 centimetres, and the height of this wooden case can be provided with as required.
Wherein, the temperature of the moist closet among the said step C is 28～34 ℃; Total 55～63 days incubation periods among the said step C, promptly total incubation period places the time in the moist closet for the tortoise ovum.In the hatching later stage (for example: in the time of 50～63 days), on incubator box, add a cover and turn over eaves or husky net, avoid out the young tortoise of shell to climb out of incubator box.
Wherein, for beginning to collect the tortoise ovum early morning every day, the said collecting box that is used to collect the tortoise ovum is square wooden case among the said step B.
Wherein, the depth of water of water pond is 0.5～1 centimetre among the said step D.
Wherein, the depth of water in young tortoise pond is 50 centimetres in the said step e, and said young tortoise pond is provided with the slope.Animal bait is meat mincing, the flesh of fish etc., and animal bait can be placed on the slope.
Wherein, the raising pond (promptly being used to raise the outdoor ponds of tortoise seedling) of China flower tortoise can be Tu Chi, cement pit, masonry pond etc., and area is neglected the quantity of tortoise greatly and decided.Be provided with land in the periphery in raising pond, and certain gradient is arranged, so that tortoise is climbed up bank from water, some sand drifts are established in the land; Supply into the tortoise usefulness of laying eggs, about 60 centimetres of the depth of waters are planted a little water plants in the water; Supply tortoise to avoid heat summer, be provided with the cave in the periphery in raising pond, supply tortoise to perch.Raise the land in pond and build parapet all around, height is about 50 centimetres, and " fourth " font is made on the wall of parapet top, to prevent that tortoise from climbing wall and escaping.
Wherein, the colored tortoise of China is put in a suitable place to breed in outdoor ponds, and before putting in a suitable place to breed, carry out according to Chinese soft-shelled turtle pond cultivation technology standard in the pond, successively passes through clear pond, shines the pond, sterilizes, puts tortoise.Tortoise is put in a suitable place to breed on the bank, pond, and it oneself is climbed in the water, avoids occurring the drowned phenomenon of tortoise.
Wherein, the feed of China flower tortoise no matter be animality or vegetal all can, but to guarantee fresh.Summer is hot, is suitable at 4 in afternoon to be thrown something and fed later on, when temperature is not high, can throw something and feed in the morning, and it is too much unsuitable to feed intake, and prevents residual bait polluted water.Raise the pond water colour and should be light green color, transparency remains on about 25 centimetres.The raising pond is a cement pit, and water is perishable, should in time change.China flower tortoise premunition is strong, but stupor and dead during high temperature.Mouse, mosquito, ant often endanger tortoise ovum and young tortoise, should note taking precautions against.Simultaneously, prevent that agricultural chemicals and sewage from flowing in the pond, in order to avoid tortoise is poisoned to death, causes economic loss.
Wherein, daily feeding and management work comprises and patrols pond, inspection food situation, increase and decrease water level, sterilization etc.It is sooner or later more suitable to patrol the pond, every day 2～3 times; If the same day, feeding should be checked tortoise leftover situation, in conjunction with recent feeding volume, the health of assessment tortoise.Check water level and water quality, discharging in good time or interpolation fresh water, draining 2/3 in per 1～2 month, and then fill with, water level keeps about 1.5 meters.Disinfecting drug uses quicklime powder, splashes 1 time in every month.Note observing the tortoise on the water surface and bank when patrolling the pond,, should in time pull out, check and take the corresponding treatment measure tortoises such as not heavy water, daytime stop the bank for a long time, the afterreaction that sturts is slow.
In sum, China flower tortoise is a kind of high tonic and valuable medicinal, have high edible, medicinal, view and admire and scientific research value; And, China's flower tortoise fast growth, the breeding cycle is short, and economic worth is high; Commodity China flower tortoise dressing percentage can reach 85%, and meat is fine and smooth, and free from extraneous odour is a high protein; Low fat, low cholesterol, gourmet food low in calories, the not famous and precious delicacies of fashion still; And medical value is high, and crust is processed into tortoiseshell, has nourishing Yin and falling firely, and the bushing kidney, effect such as strengthen the bone; Simultaneously, but the various plucks of feeding, apple, dish leaf etc. also can be fed artifical compound feed, promptly save feed cost.Therefore, the present invention carries out rational artificial propagation through rational incubation condition is set, and makes China flower tortoise be easier to the raising in later stage.
Should be noted that at last; Above embodiment is only in order to explain technical scheme of the present invention; But not to the restriction of protection domain of the present invention, although with reference to preferred embodiment the present invention has been done explanation at length, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that; Technical scheme of the present invention is made amendment or is equal to replacement, all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the artificial fecundation method of a China flower tortoise is characterized in that this method comprises the following steps:
A, cultivate close tortoise, before laying eggs, cultivate close tortoise;
B, collection tortoise ovum after treating female tortoise mating and crawl into the spawning ground to lay eggs, are collected the tortoise ovum, the tortoise ovum is positioned over one fills in the collecting box of vermiculite or sandy soil, and collecting moist towel of good tortoise ovum upper cover or sponge;
C, artificial incubation, shop one deck hatch soil is imbedded the tortoise ovum of collecting in the hatch soil of incubator box at the bottom of the case of incubator box; And incubator box places in the moist closet, then, checks every morning and checks 1 time with evening for 1 time; The water spray if the hatch soil color is thin out; After hatching 6～7 days, the tortoise ovum that has white fertilization spot is picked out, be placed on another incubator box and hatch;
D, raise young tortoise, treat that young tortoise in the incubator box goes out shell after, let young tortoise in incubator box after 1～2 day; The young tortoise that again incubator box midriff navel is shunk is fully taken out; Be put in the water pond and raise, and the young tortoise that navel does not shrink fully in the incubator box then continues to stay and rests in the incubator box;
E, move into young tortoise pond, treat that young tortoise in the water pond opens food after, young tortoise is moved into young tortoise pond, and in young tortoise pond, puts duckweed in a suitable place to breed, the animal bait of throwing something and feeding, treat that young tortoise grows up to the tortoise seedling after, put in a suitable place to breed in outdoor ponds again.
2. the artificial fecundation method of China according to claim 1 flower tortoise, it is characterized in that: the hatch soil among the said step C is the laterite with vermiculite.
3. the artificial fecundation method of China flower tortoise according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the incubator box among the said step C is wooden case, and the length of this wooden case is that l00 centimetre, width are 50 centimetres.
4. the artificial fecundation method of China according to claim 1 and 2 flower tortoise, it is characterized in that: the temperature of the moist closet among the said step C is 28～34 ℃.
5. the artificial fecundation method of China flower tortoise according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: total 55～63 days incubation periods among the said step C.
6. the artificial fecundation method of China according to claim 2 flower tortoise, it is characterized in that: said laterite is sprayed water earlier before use and is stirred, and makes laterite absorb moisture uniformly, and keeping moisture content is 7%～10%.
7. the artificial fecundation method of China according to claim 2 flower tortoise, it is characterized in that: said hatching the thickness of the layer is 5 centimetres, the distance that is embedded between the tortoise ovum in the said hatch soil is 2～l0 millimeter.
8. the artificial fecundation method of China flower tortoise according to claim 1 is characterized in that: for beginning to collect the tortoise ovum early morning every day, the said collecting box that is used to collect the tortoise ovum is square wooden case among the said step B.
9. the artificial fecundation method of China according to claim 1 flower tortoise, it is characterized in that: the depth of water of water pond is 0.5～1 centimetre among the said step D.
10. the artificial fecundation method of China according to claim 1 flower tortoise, it is characterized in that: the depth of water in young tortoise pond is 50 centimetres in the said step e, and said young tortoise pond is provided with the slope.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104381194A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2015-03-04 | 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 | Artificial breeding method for Chinemys reevesii-Ocadia sinensis hybrid turtles |
| CN110810332A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-02-21 | 安徽省农业科学院水产研究所 | Incubation method of Chinese scarab |
| CN112088838A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2020-12-18 | 朱大强 | Turtle hatching system |
| CN114424757A (en) * | 2022-02-10 | 2022-05-03 | 安徽省农业科学院水产研究所 | Two-stage hatching method for improving hatchability of Chinese softshell turtle eggs |
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| EP1310165B1 (en) * | 1998-04-30 | 2005-10-26 | Gilbert Ribes | Method for reproducing and rearing Silurus Glanis in particular in aquatic medium and implementing device |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104381194A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2015-03-04 | 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 | Artificial breeding method for Chinemys reevesii-Ocadia sinensis hybrid turtles |
| CN110810332A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-02-21 | 安徽省农业科学院水产研究所 | Incubation method of Chinese scarab |
| CN112088838A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2020-12-18 | 朱大强 | Turtle hatching system |
| CN114424757A (en) * | 2022-02-10 | 2022-05-03 | 安徽省农业科学院水产研究所 | Two-stage hatching method for improving hatchability of Chinese softshell turtle eggs |
| CN114424757B (en) * | 2022-02-10 | 2022-10-25 | 安徽省农业科学院水产研究所 | Two-stage hatching method for improving hatching rate of Chinese softshell turtle eggs |
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Application publication date: 20121031 |