CN109804967B

CN109804967B - Turtle breeding method

Info

Publication number: CN109804967B
Application number: CN201711153381.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李隆刚
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Li Longgang
Priority date: 2017-11-20
Filing date: 2017-11-20
Publication date: 2021-07-30
Anticipated expiration: 2037-11-20
Also published as: CN109804967A

Abstract

The invention relates to a turtle breeding method, which comprises the following steps: 1) building a pool; 2) cultivating parent turtles; 3) propagating; 4) artificial incubation; 5) breeding young turtles; 6) feeding adult turtles; 7) enemy and disease control. The invention mainly makes innovation on parent turtle cultivation and breeding methods, and turtles bred by the method are strong in individuals and low in mortality. Meanwhile, the method has strong operability, small investment and great economic benefit, and simultaneously overcomes the problems in the existing turtle culture.

Description

Turtle breeding method

Technical Field

The invention relates to aquaculture, in particular to a turtle breeding method.

Background

The tortoise is the most common one in the tortoise in China, is widely distributed in China, and the meat and the eggs of the tortoise are delicious and nourishing food; tortoise plastron is a commonly used Chinese medicine. The turtle can be viewed and admired, is a long-life animal and a symbol of long life, and can enrich the life of people. The turtle has strong vitality, wide adaptability, poor feeding property, simple and convenient feeding management, small investment and great economic benefit, and can be developed and fed in many places in China.

However, the problems of the existing artificial turtle breeding are more. For example, in the breeding of parent turtles, turtles which are strong in physique, strong in foraging capacity, over 6-year-old, disease-free and injury-free are generally selected, and the male-female ratio is 2: 1 or 3: 1. the female tortoise has a weight of more than 600 g and the male tortoise has a weight of more than 750 g. The method is to make the tortoise reach sexual maturity according to the growth of the nature, and then the selected tortoise is bred. The method is characterized in that: growing according to a natural law; the disadvantages are that: the growth time is long, and the production value is slow. For another example, in the breeding process, the male and female turtles are naturally mixed and bred, natural mating is carried out in 4-8 months, spawning is carried out in batches every 4-8 months, and 2-3 batches can be produced in one year. Female turtles usually lay eggs at dusk or dawn, and 4-7 eggs are laid each time. After spawning, the eggs were covered with hind limbs, and the soil was flattened with the body. In the spawning season, after eggs are picked up every day, the surface of a spawning ground is flattened so as to be beneficial to digging spawning pits of later spawning turtles and manually finding the eggs. In dry weather, water can be sprayed on sandy soil once to prevent tortoise eggs from losing water due to lack of water and influence hatching rate. The method is characterized in that: the operation is simple; the disadvantages are that: the female tortoise is easily disturbed by the male tortoise, and the male tortoise has large loss, which causes weak constitution and easy death.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to improve and innovate the defects and problems in the background technology and provide a turtle breeding method.

The invention comprises the following steps: 1) building a pool; 2) cultivating parent turtles; 3) propagating; 4) artificial incubation; 5) breeding young turtles; 6) feeding adult turtles; 7) enemy and disease prevention and control; wherein:

the specific method for breeding parent turtles comprises the following steps: in the first year: feeding seedlings by a conventional method, culturing in a greenhouse when the temperature is lower than 22 ℃ in the weather of 9 months, heating to culture at the temperature close to 20 ℃ in 4 months in the next year, and slowly cooling to natural temperature for culture; in the second year: beginning to culture in the first year in 9 months, culturing for 2 months in the third year, cooling to natural temperature, and feeding no more tortoise; in the third year: culturing according to the method of the second year from the beginning of the year; in the fourth year: the mature tortoise can lay eggs in the beginning of the year, and then the breeding stage can be entered.

The specific method of propagation is as follows: separately breeding male turtles, and then placing the male turtles with healthy bodies into parent turtle breeding ponds in the estrus period of the turtles, namely within one month before and after mid-autumn festival, so as to mate the male turtles; after one month, the male turtles are caught and put in the male turtle ponds for cultivation, and the female turtles are cultivated to hibernation by a conventional method.

In one embodiment, the temperature for raising the parent tortoise is controlled to be 20-25 ℃.

In one embodiment, the method for building the pool comprises the following steps: the pond is built in a place which is exposed to the sun, is remote and is convenient for drainage and irrigation; an enclosure wall with the height of 0.8 meter is built around the pond, and the wall foundation is buried by 30 centimeters to prevent the turtles from escaping from the drilled holes; reserving an empty space with the width of 1.5-2.5 meters in the enclosing wall, paving fine sand, and covering a rain shelter on the space for rest and spawning of the turtles; the depth of the center water of the pond is 1.2 meters, the depth of mud is 20-30CM, the inclination is about 12-16 degrees, and the depth is shallower when the pond is close to the bank; in addition, a rest pavilion can be selectively built for the parent turtles according to the size of the turtle pool for the parent turtles to rest.

In one embodiment, the artificial hatching method comprises the following steps: digging a pool, or using a wooden basin or a wooden box, spreading river sand of 3.5 cm at the bottom of the pool, placing the white end of the eggs, namely the animal, upwards on a sand layer, then covering a layer of fine sand, keeping the temperature at 20-30 ℃ and the water content at 7-10%, and hatching the young turtles after 50-60 days.

In one embodiment, the method for breeding the young turtles comprises the following steps: after the umbilical cord is dried and converged, the young turtle just broken by the shell is disinfected by 10 percent of normal saline, and then is placed in a water tank with the water temperature of 24-30 ℃ and is changed with water 2-3 times every day; feeding after 2-3 days, and feeding 3-5 pm every day; after one week of breeding, the breeding is transferred to an outdoor trial breeding pond for breeding; moving into a big pool for feeding after 20 days; after 45 days, feeding once every 9-10 am and 3-5 pm, wherein a small amount of feed is preferably left when the feed is fed again with a meal below the feeding amount; residual baits are removed in time to prevent water quality from being spoiled; when the water temperature is reduced to below 15 ℃, the plastic film is used for covering the water to keep warm and overwinter.

Preferably, the food for the young turtles is as follows: cooked wheat bran, egg, watermelon, rice bran mixture, or minced fish, mussel, snail, animal viscera and slaughter offal.

In one embodiment, the adult tortoise breeding method comprises the following steps: before and after grain rain, the tortoise revives from hibernation and starts to eat when the temperature reaches 18 ℃, the appetite is the highest at 26-30 ℃, the food consumption in the last ten days of 10 months is reduced until the hibernation stops eating, and the stocking amount of the tortoise is 600 per mu; the feeding ratio of the animal feed to the plant feed during the feeding period is 4: 6 or 5: 5, feeding 2 times a day, 8-9 am and 5-6 pm, wherein the daily bait amount is 5-10% of the total weight of the turtle, and the feed needs to be chopped; the water is changed frequently during the raising period, the water is changed for 1 time every 12-15 days in spring and autumn, the water is changed for 1 time in summer 5-7 days, and the water changing amount is about 1/5-1/3 each time.

Preferably, when the turtles are released for breeding, 10-20% of herbivorous fishes and 30-40% of carps and crucian carps are simultaneously bred in a mixed mode.

In one embodiment, the method for controlling the enemies and diseases comprises the following steps: the main enemies of the tortoise are ants, rats, snakes, mosquitoes and other birds, and the main enemies harm tortoise eggs, young turtles and bite adult turtles to cause death and need to be prevented; when a large amount of leeches are parasitic in the oral cavity, the pharynx, the nostrils and other parts of the tortoise, the leeches in the oral cavity of the sick tortoise are killed by ten thousand of seven parts of lime liquid.

The process of the invention is particularly suitable for implementation in the Hunan region.

The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:

the invention mainly makes innovation on parent turtle cultivation and breeding methods, and turtles bred by the method are strong in individuals and low in mortality. Through parent turtle cultivation, the turtles mature and lay eggs in the fourth year, and lay eggs 2-3 years earlier than turtles growing under pure natural conditions, so that the cultivation economic benefit is improved. Through the breeding method of separate breeding, firstly, the normal life of the female tortoise is ensured, the female tortoise is not disturbed by male tortoise, the female tortoise can eat food normally, and the health of the female tortoise is ensured; secondly, the loss of the male turtles is reduced, the loss of the mixed-culture male turtles is large, the male turtles are weak in constitution and easy to die after winter due to long-term indiscriminate mating, and the male turtles are struggled for mating rights to fight for, and are injured; thirdly, the male turtles can be separately raised to reduce the disturbance of the male turtles to the female turtles and the situation that the male turtles steal eggs during the egg laying period. The method has strong operability, small investment and great economic benefit, and simultaneously overcomes the problems in the existing turtle culture.

Detailed Description

In order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, examples of the present invention are given below. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.

Example (b):

firstly, building a pool. The pond is to be built in a place which is exposed to the sun, is remote and is convenient for drainage and irrigation. An enclosure wall with the height of 0.8 meter is built around the pond, and the wall base is buried by 30 centimeters to prevent the turtles from escaping from the drilled holes. An empty space with the width of 1.5-2.5 meters is reserved in the enclosing wall, fine sand is paved, and a sugarcane canopy is covered on the space for rest and spawning of the turtles. The depth of water in the center of the pond needs 1.2 meters, the depth of mud is 20-30CM, the inclination is about 15 degrees, the depth gradually becomes shallower when the pond goes to the bank, and the pond is large, so that a rest pavilion is built for parent turtles to rest.

And secondly, breeding parent turtles. In the first year: feeding the seedlings according to a normal method, culturing in a greenhouse when the weather temperature is lower than 22 ℃ (about 9 months in Hunan), raising the temperature for 4 months in the next year (the temperature is controlled at 20-25 ℃), and then slowly cooling to the natural temperature for culturing. Beginning to culture in the first year at 9 months in the second year by heating to 2 months in the third year, and then cooling to natural temperature for culturing, wherein the tortoises are not fed any more. Because 2 months is the lowest time of temperature of one year, the tortoise can immediately enter deep hibernation at this time, the normal condition is that the tortoise does not eat in 9 months, the tortoise enters deep hibernation only in 11 months, the middle time of three months is a short sleep period, the health condition of the tortoise is influenced, people like sleep well and cannot wake up the tortoise, and the hibernation of the tortoise cannot be disturbed after hibernation. The third year is cultivated according to the method of the second year, the tortoise becomes mature and lays eggs at the beginning of the fourth year, and the tortoise lays eggs 2-3 years earlier than the tortoise and tortoise grown under the purely natural condition, thereby improving the economic benefit.

And thirdly, propagation. The male tortoise separately breeds, has firstly guaranteed the normal life of this female tortoise, does not receive the disturbance of male tortoise, can normally eat, guarantees that the physique is healthy, secondly, reduces the loss of this male tortoise, and the male tortoise loss of polyculture is bigger, because long-term indiscriminate mating causes the physique weak, easily dies overwintering, fights the mating right with other male tortoise in addition and puts up the injury etc.. The heat period of the general tortoise is one month before and after the mid-autumn festival, the male tortoise with healthy body is placed into the breeding pond within the month for mating, the fertility rate can be improved, the loss is reduced, the male tortoise is captured after one month and then placed into the male pond for breeding, and the female tortoise is normally bred to hibernation. Thirdly, the male turtles can be separately raised to reduce the disturbance of the male turtles to the female turtles and the situation that the male turtles steal eggs during the egg laying period.

Fourthly, artificial incubation. Digging a pool, or using a wooden basin or a wooden box, spreading river sand with the thickness of 3.5 cm at the bottom of the pool, upwards arranging the white ends (animal poles) of the eggs on a sand layer, then covering a layer of fine sand, and keeping the temperature at 20-30 ℃ and the water content at 7-10% (keeping the humidity by sprinkling water every day). The young turtles can be hatched after about 50-60 days.

Fifthly, breeding the young turtles. The young turtle just broken is disinfected by 10% normal saline after the umbilical cord is dried and converged, and then is placed in a water tank with the water temperature of 24-30 ℃, water is changed for 2-3 times every day, and water can be sprinkled in summer. Feeding cooked wheat bran, egg, watermelon, rice bran, etc. or feeding minced fish, mussel, snail meat, animal viscera and slaughtering leftovers after 2-3 days. Feeding at 3-5 pm every day. After one week of breeding, the breeding is transferred to an outdoor trial breeding pond for breeding. After 20 days, the seedlings were transferred to a large pond for breeding. After about 45 days, the feed is fed once every day at 9-10 am and 3-5 pm. The small amount of the feed is preferably left when the feed is fed again after the meal with the feeding amount below. And the residual bait is removed in time to prevent water quality from being spoiled. In winter, the young turtles need to keep warm, so that the young turtles can safely live through the winter. When the water temperature is reduced to below 15 ℃, the water needs to be covered by a plastic film.

Sixthly, adult turtles are bred. Before and after the rain, the tortoise revives from hibernation and moves. When the temperature reaches 18 ℃, food intake begins, the appetite is the highest at 26-30 ℃, and the food intake declines in the middle and last ten days of 10 months until the food intake stops at hibernation. The tasty bait for tortoise is selected from small fish, shrimp, loach, Lumbricus, snail, freshwater mussel, herba seu radix Berberidis Lanceolatae, viscera of domestic animals and fowls, insect, pupa Bombycis, grain, melon and fruit, bean cake, testa Tritici, semen Maydis powder, and vegetables. The ratio of the animal feed to the plant feed is 4: 6 or 5: 5. the daily bait amount is 5-10% of total weight of tortoise, and is fed for 2 times per day, generally 8-9 am and 5-6 pm. Bait can be thrown on the slope at the side of the pool or on the feeding table. Animal feed and fruit melon should be chopped and fed. The turtle has strong vitality, is not dead even if eaten for several months, and is easy to feed. The residual food is cleaned frequently to prevent deterioration and influence on water quality. Ponds should be noted for frequent water changes. In spring and autumn, water is changed for 1 time every 15 days, in summer, water is changed for 1 time for a plurality of days, and the water change amount is about 1/5-1/3 each time. The turtle stocking amount is preferably 400-.

Seventhly, enemy and disease prevention and treatment. The main enemies of the tortoise include ants, rats, snakes, mosquitoes and other birds, and the tortoise eggs, young turtles and biting turtles are damaged to cause death and need to be prevented.

The tortoise has strong adaptability and disease resistance and few diseases. However, large quantities of leeches are parasitic on the oral cavity, the pharynx, the nostrils and other parts of the tortoise, so that red and swollen tortoise eyes, corneal erosion, eyeball coverage by white secretion and even death due to blindness of eyes are caused. Leeches in the oral cavity of the sick tortoise can be killed by ten-thousandth of lime liquid.

The embodiments of the present invention are described only for the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not for the limitation of the concept and scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the design concept of the present invention shall fall into the protection scope of the present invention, and the technical content of the present invention which is claimed is fully set forth in the claims.

Claims

1. A turtle breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) building a pool; 2) cultivating parent turtles; 3) propagating; 4) artificial incubation; 5) breeding young turtles; 6) feeding adult turtles; 7) enemy and disease prevention and control; wherein:

the specific method for breeding parent turtles comprises the following steps:

in the first year: feeding seedlings by a conventional method, culturing in a greenhouse when the temperature is lower than 22 ℃ in the weather of 9 months, heating to culture at the temperature close to 20 ℃ in 4 months in the next year, and slowly cooling to natural temperature for culture;

in the second year: beginning to culture in the first year in 9 months, culturing for 2 months in the third year, cooling to natural temperature, and feeding no more tortoise;

in the third year: culturing according to the method of the second year from the beginning of the year;

in the fourth year: the mature tortoise can lay eggs when the young starts, and the breeding stage can be entered;

the specific method of propagation is as follows:

separately breeding male turtles, and then placing the male turtles with healthy bodies into parent turtle breeding ponds in the estrus period of the turtles, namely within one month before and after mid-autumn festival, so as to mate the male turtles; after one month, the male turtles are caught and put in the male turtle ponds for cultivation, and the female turtles are cultivated to hibernation by a conventional method;

the method for breeding the young turtles comprises the following steps: after the umbilical cord is dried and converged, the young turtle just broken by the shell is disinfected by 10 percent of normal saline, and then is placed in a water tank with the water temperature of 24-30 ℃ and is changed with water 2-3 times every day; feeding after 2-3 days, and feeding 3-5 pm every day; after one week of breeding, the breeding is transferred to an outdoor trial breeding pond for breeding; moving into a big pool for feeding after 20 days; after 45 days, feeding once every 9-10 am and 3-5 pm, wherein a small amount of feed is preferably left when the feed is fed again with a meal below the feeding amount; residual baits are removed in time to prevent water quality from being spoiled; when the water temperature is reduced to below 15 ℃, covering the plastic film for keeping warm and overwintering; the young turtles are fed with the following foods: cooked wheat bran, egg, watermelon, rice bran mixture, or minced fish, mussel, snail meat and slaughter leftovers;

the adult turtle breeding method comprises the following steps: before and after grain rain, the tortoise revives from hibernation and starts to eat when the temperature reaches 18 ℃, the appetite is the highest at 26-30 ℃, the food consumption declines in the last ten days of 10 months until the hibernation stops eating, and the stocking amount of the tortoise is 600 per mu; the feeding ratio of the animal feed to the plant feed during the feeding period is 4: 6 or 5: 5, feeding 2 times a day, 8-9 am and 5-6 pm, wherein the daily bait amount is 5-10% of the total weight of the turtle, and the feed needs to be chopped; changing water frequently during feeding, wherein water is changed for 1 time every 12-15 days in spring and autumn, and water is changed for 1 time in summer 5-7 days, and the water change amount is 1/5-1/3 each time; when the tortoise is put into the breeding, 10-20% of herbivorous fishes, 30-40% of carps and crucian carps are simultaneously mixed and bred;

the method is suitable for culture in Hunan area.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature for raising the parent tortoise is controlled to be 20-25 ℃.

3. The turtle breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the pond building method comprises: the pond is built in a place which is exposed to the sun, is remote and is convenient for drainage and irrigation; an enclosure wall with the height of 0.8 meter is built around the pond, and the wall foundation is buried by 30 centimeters to prevent the turtles from escaping from the drilled holes; reserving an empty space with the width of 1.5-2.5 meters in the enclosing wall, paving fine sand, and covering a rain shelter on the space for rest and spawning of the turtles; the depth of the center water of the pond is 1.2 meters, the depth of mud is 20-30CM, the inclination is 12-16 degrees, and the depth is shallower when the pond is close to the bank; in addition, a rest pavilion is built for the parent turtles according to the size of the turtle pool for the parent turtles to rest.

4. The method for cultivating tortoise as claimed in claim 1, wherein said artificial hatching method is as follows: digging a pool, or using a wooden basin or a wooden box, spreading river sand of 3.5 cm at the bottom of the pool, placing the white end of the eggs, namely the animal, upwards on a sand layer, then covering a layer of fine sand, keeping the temperature at 20-30 ℃ and the water content at 7-10%, and hatching the young turtles after 50-60 days.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method for preventing and treating the harmful insects and diseases comprises: the main enemies of the tortoise are ants, rats, snakes, mosquitoes and birds, and the main enemies harm tortoise eggs, young turtles and bite adult turtles to cause death and need to be prevented; when a large amount of leeches are parasitic in the oral cavity, the pharynx and the nostril of the tortoise, the leeches in the oral cavity of the sick tortoise are killed by ten-thousandth of seven lime liquid.