CN102499176A - Tortoise breeding method - Google Patents
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- CN102499176A CN102499176A CN2011103337437A CN201110333743A CN102499176A CN 102499176 A CN102499176 A CN 102499176A CN 2011103337437 A CN2011103337437 A CN 2011103337437A CN 201110333743 A CN201110333743 A CN 201110333743A CN 102499176 A CN102499176 A CN 102499176A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tortoise breeding method, which includes the following procedures: 1 choosing of an adult tortoise pool; 2 construction of a spawning ground, feed tables and terrances; 3 the adult tortoise pool cleaning and sterilization; 4 reserved adult tortoises screening; 5 choosing of an adult tortoise; 6 sterilization of the adult tortoise; 7 free breeding of the adult tortoise; 8 spawning of the adult tortoise; and 9 incubation of tortoise eggs. The spawning ground is built on the east side of the adult tortoise pool, a simple rain shelter is constructed above the adult tortoise pool, the feed tables are built on two sides of the middle portion of the adult tortoise pool and 10cm to 15cm above the water surface, and two terrances made of moso bamboos are constructed in the adult tortoise pool. In spawning of the adult tortoise, firstly the spawning ground needs to be cleaned and sterilized, and the tortoise eggs need to be gathered after the spawning of the adult tortoise. The tortoise breeding method remarkably improves egg laying amount, fertilization rate, hatchability rate and proportion of female tortoise seeds of adult reeve's turtles.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the breeding method of a kind of tortoise.
Background technology
Tortoise (
Mauremys reevesii) the meat flavour deliciousness, nutritious, nourishing and fit keeping function, and have remarkable medicinal efficacy.Because its age at sexual maturity is long, to lay eggs less, fertility is low, reason such as the growth of male tortoise ten minutes is slow in addition causes the development of its breeding production to be restricted always.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the breeding method of a kind of tortoise.Production technology of the present invention has all had egg laying amount, fertilization rate, incubation rate and the tortoise seedling female ratio of tortoise parent tortoise and increases substantially.
In order to reach above-mentioned purpose, solution of the present invention is:
The breeding method of a kind of tortoise comprises the steps: 1) selection in close tortoise pond; 2) foundation of spawning ground, feed table and flat roof, spawning ground are built in close Gui Chi east side, and simple and easy rain shade is built in the top; Feed table is built in the both sides at middle part, close tortoise pond, apart from the water surface 10 ~ 15 ㎝ places; And in close tortoise pond, build 2 on canopy formula flat roof with mao bamboon.3) level, sterilize in close tortoise pond; 4) reserve parent tortoise screening; 5) close tortoise is selected; 6) close tortoise sterilization; 7) close tortoise is put in a suitable place to breed, to throwing raise, regulating and controlling water quality, disease prevention and cure, overwinter management and increase illumination manages; 8) close tortoise lays eggs, and is earlier leveled, sterilizes in the spawning ground, treats after close tortoise lays eggs the tortoise ovum to be gathered; 9) tortoise ovum hatching.
Close tortoise pool area 3780 ㎡ in the said step 1), the gradient 1: 2.5, the dark 1.8m in pond, depth of water 1.5m; Smooth at the bottom of the pond, dark about 20 ㎝ of mud, the high anti-wall of escaping of brick 50 ㎝ around the pond; The wall top inwardly goes out eaves 10 ㎝, has and independently advances pumping equipment, and at water inlet iron railings is installed and is prevented escaping; The water source conforms to national aquiculture fresh water standard and the pond is sunny, environment is quiet.
Said step 2) spawning ground in is built in close Gui Chi east side, and is elongated, and 2 of 18m * 1m, shop particle diameter are that fine sand 40 ㎝ of 0.5 ㎜ ~ 0.6 ㎜ are thick, and simple and easy rain shade is built in the top, spawning ground, and ground is every plants short cypress 1 strain at a distance from 6m; Described feed table is built in the both sides at middle part, pond, apart from the water surface 10 ~ 15 ㎝ places, sets up with the asbestos shingle of 1.8m * 0.8m, and totally two, every long 30m; Described flat roof is built 2 on canopy formula flat roof with mao bamboon in the pond, the area 2m * 6m of every flat roof.
Close tortoise pond in the said step 3) levels, sterilizing is meant close tortoise and put in a suitable place to breed preceding about 20 days, drains Chi Shui, removes foreign material at the bottom of the pond, bed mud is turned over one time, and about one week of solar exposure back water inlet, 15 ㎝, evenly splash in every mu of full pond of usefulness 100 ㎏ quicklime slurryings; The next day inject new water 1m, every mu of water surface is executed water purification type probiotics (purchasing in Puren Ecology Tech, Co., Ltd., Beijing) 3 ㎏, puts close tortoise after 7 days in a suitable place to breed.
Reserve parent tortoise screening in the said step 4) is meant that the female tortoise body weight of screening has reached more than the 500g, and maximum individuality reaches 1875g; Male tortoise body weight has reached more than the 200g, and maximum individuality reaches 350g.
Close tortoise in the said step 5) selects to be meant that reserve parent tortoise is done the pool to rise and catch; Only pursue and select; Therefrom select growth fast, individual big, build is normal, healthy and strong active, the complete no wound of body skin, skin Lightening, eyes have god, be quick on the draw, female tortoise body weight more than 750g, the tortoise of male tortoise body weight more than 250g is as close tortoise;
Close tortoise sterilization is meant and before close tortoise is put in a suitable place to breed, uses concentration to be 30mg/L liquor potassic permanganate dipping bath sterilization 5min in the said step 6).
Close tortoise is put in a suitable place to breed and is meant that breeding density is every square metre and puts 2 of close tortoises in a suitable place to breed in the said step 7), and female-male proportion is 2: 1; Described feedstuff feeding principle is: (1) regularly after the beginning of spring, during water temperature rise to 16 ℃, begins to use the fresh liver food calling, whenever at a distance from 2 ~ 3 days food callings 1 time, impels close tortoise early to open food; In the time of more than the water temperature rise to 18 ℃, throwing something and feeding about 10 o'clock every mornings 1 time, in the time of more than the water temperature rise to 24 ℃, throw something and feed twice every day, be respectively every morning 8 ~ 9 o'clock, o'clock respectively throws something and feeds 1 time in afternoon 4 ~ 5; (2) decide matter, the feed of throwing something and feeding must be fresh, agreeable to the taste, nutritious, the putrid and deteriorated feed of not throwing something and feeding; Vegetables, melon and fruit vegetable feed are before use through cleaning and sterilization; (3) quantitative, it is 5% ~ 10% of close tortoise body weight that the day of fresh and alive feed is thrown the amount of raising, and manufactured feed is 0.8% ~ 1.2% (dry weight); (4) location, feed are all thrown and are raised on feed table; Described regulating and controlling water quality is meant that the close tortoise of control pond water quality is water colour yellow green or yellowish-brown, water transparence 20 ㎝ ~ 40 ㎝, pH7.5 ~ 8.3, dissolved oxygen>3mg/L, non-ionic ammonia≤0.02mg/L, nitrite≤0.2mg/L; Described increase illumination is meant that 4 of 1000LX fluorescent lamps are installed at dried up 40 ㎝ place in close tortoise pond, at front irradiation 2h at dawn every day, to increase the light application time of close tortoise.Described overwinter management is meant that (1) before close tortoise gets into hibernation, thoroughly change water 1 time, changes full pool spilling head quicklime 30mg/L behind the water; (2) the overwintering period water level remains on more than the 1.5m, in time replenishes during water level depression, in order to keeping water temperature stability; Overwintering period changed water in every month 1 time, changed about water 20 ㎝, to keep water quality fresh at every turn; When (3) water temperature was gone up to 15 ℃ of left and right sides after the beginning of spring, close tortoise began to revive, and at this moment, carried out 1 time and changed water greatly, and quantity of exchanged water is more than 50%, and with 30mg/L quicklime or ClO
2, bromine-chlorine-dimethyl hydantoin disinfectant sterilization.Described disease prevention and cure are meant: (1) close tortoise pond health type probiotics (purchasing in Puren Ecology Tech, Co., Ltd., Beijing) of regularly splashing, add 1% water purification type probiotics (purchasing in Puren Ecology Tech, Co., Ltd., Beijing) in the feed; (2) adopt the Chinese herbal medicine diseases prevention between feeding period.When close tortoise begins to ingest after the lay eggs end and the beginning of spring, in feed, add Chinese herb astragalus, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Codonopsis, the fruit of Chinese wolfberry, Radix Glycyrrhizae,, improve the immunologic function of close tortoise to promote the gonad development of close tortoise; In summer high temperature season, in feed, add Radix Isatidis, selfheal, honeysuckle Chinese herbal medicine, playing heat-clearing, detoxifcation, antiinflammation, the frequently-occurring disease in prevention summer.
Close tortoise lays eggs and mainly comprises following step in the said step 8): level, sterilize in (1) spawning ground, removes weeds, foreign material on the spawning ground; The sand bed is loose, use sym-closene 0.5g/m
3Sterilization; The mediation drain ditch, sand adds new sand inadequately to be supplied, and the suitable trickle of husky bed overdrying keeps moistening; (2) after close tortoise lays eggs the tortoise ovum is gathered, after the 48h that waits to lay eggs, row is received ovum again.
The hatching of tortoise ovum mainly comprises following several steps in the said step 9): the selection of (1) hatching facility, and the hatching house: area 32 ㎡ * 4, the jet chimney heater is installed; Incubator box: make with pine, size is 60 ㎝ * 40 ㎝ * 15 ㎝, and the ventilation of aperture drainage is arranged at the bottom of the case; Incubation medium: diameter is the fine sand of 0.5 ~ 0.6 ㎜; (2) hatching facility sterilization, the hatching house is with potassium permanganate and the fumigation of formaldehyde mixed liquor; Incubator box is used the 0.5mg/L trichloro-isocyanide uric acid disinfection after cleaning, clean with flushing with clean water then, subsequent use after Exposure to Sunlight again; Hatching was removed the thick meticulous grains of sand with husky through screen filtration, again through the 0.5mg/L trichloro-isocyanide uric acid disinfection, then with flushing with clean water and put that to dry the back under the sunlight subsequent use; (3) hatching m, the first 5 ㎝ fine sands of bottom incubator box, spreading are placed in fertilized egg in the sand by spacing 2 ㎝, and company puts two-layer, on ovum, covers 3 ㎝ fine sands then; (4) hatching management, incubation temperature regulation and control: make husky bed tempertaure remain on 32 ℃ ~ 36 ℃ as far as possible, the about 50 ~ 55d of brooding time; The hatching humidity regulation: the water content of hatching bed sand is controlled at 8% ~ 10%; For the humidity that makes sand keeps stable, the air humidity in the hatching house is controlled at 80% ~ 82%.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: production technology of the present invention has all had egg laying amount, fertilization rate, incubation rate and the tortoise seedling female ratio of tortoise parent tortoise and increases substantially.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a close tortoise pond temperature in the embodiment of the invention, pH annual variation curve map on weekly duty;
Fig. 2 is close tortoise pond NH in the embodiment of the invention
3-N, NO
2The anniversary change curve.
Embodiment
The production technology of a kind of tortoise of present embodiment comprises the steps: 1) selection in close tortoise pond; 2) foundation of spawning ground, feed table and flat roof, spawning ground are built in close Gui Chi east side, and simple and easy rain shade is built in the top; Feed table is built in the both sides at middle part, close tortoise pond, apart from the water surface 10 ~ 15 ㎝ places; And in close tortoise pond, build 2 on canopy formula flat roof with mao bamboon.3) level, sterilize in close tortoise pond; 4) reserve parent tortoise screening; 5) close tortoise is selected; 6) close tortoise sterilization; 7) close tortoise is put in a suitable place to breed, to throwing raise, regulating and controlling water quality, disease prevention and cure, overwinter management and increase illumination manages; 8) close tortoise lays eggs, and is earlier leveled, sterilizes in the spawning ground, treats after close tortoise lays eggs the tortoise ovum to be gathered; 9) tortoise ovum hatching.
Close tortoise pond in the said step 1) is that close tortoise perches and movable place, and growing and laying eggs of the close tortoise of the direct influence of quality meeting of condition bred; Select area 3780 ㎡, the gradient 1: 2.5, the dark 1.8m in pond, depth of water 1.5m, smooth at the bottom of the pond, dark about 20 ㎝ of mud, the high anti-wall of escaping of brick 50 ㎝ around the pond, the wall top inwardly goes out eaves 10 ㎝, and have and independently advance pumping equipment, and anti-the escaping of water inlet installation iron railings; The water source conforms to national aquiculture fresh water standard (NY5051) and the pond is sunny, environment is quiet;
Said step 2) spawning ground in is built in close Gui Chi east side, and is elongated, and 2 of 18m * 1m, shop particle diameter are that fine sand 40 ㎝ of 0.5 ㎜ ~ 0.6 ㎜ are thick, and simple and easy rain shade is built in the top, spawning ground, and ground is every plants short cypress 1 strain at a distance from 6m; Described feed table is built in the both sides at middle part, pond, apart from the water surface 10 ~ 15 ㎝ places, sets up with the asbestos shingle of 1.8m * 0.8m, and totally two, every long 30m; Described flat roof is built 2 on canopy formula flat roof with mao bamboon in the pond, the area 2m * 6m of every flat roof supplies close tortoise to shine the back of the body and has a rest;
Close tortoise pond is leveled in the said step 3), sterilizing is meant close tortoise and put in a suitable place to breed preceding about 20 days, drains Chi Shui, removes foreign material at the bottom of the pond, bed mud is turned over one time, and about one week of solar exposure back water inlet, 15 ㎝, evenly splash in every mu of full pond of usefulness 100 ㎏ quicklime slurryings; The next day inject new water 1m, every mu of water surface is executed water purification type probiotics (purchasing in Puren Ecology Tech, Co., Ltd., Beijing) 3 ㎏, puts close tortoise after 7 days in a suitable place to breed;
The screening of reserve parent tortoise is meant that the female tortoise body weight of screening has reached more than the 500g in the said step 4), and maximum individuality reaches 1875g; Male tortoise body weight has reached more than the 200g, and maximum individuality reaches 350g;
Close tortoise in the said step 5) selects to be meant that reserve parent tortoise is done the pool to rise and catch, and only pursue and selects, and therefrom selects and grows soon; Individual big, build is normal, healthy and strong active, and the complete nothing of body skin is hindered; Skin Lightening; Eyes have god, are quick on the draw, and female tortoise body weight is more than 750g, and the tortoise of male tortoise body weight more than 250g is as close tortoise.
Close tortoise sterilization is meant and before close tortoise is put in a suitable place to breed, uses concentration to be 30mg/L liquor potassic permanganate dipping bath sterilization 5min in the said step 6).
Close tortoise is put in a suitable place to breed and is meant and in close tortoise pond, puts 7560 of close tortoises altogether in a suitable place to breed in the said step 7), 5040 of wherein female tortoises, and 2520 of male tortoises, breeding density is every square metre and puts 2 of close tortoises in a suitable place to breed that female-male proportion is 2: 1.The parent tortoise pond parent tortoise situation of putting in a suitable place to breed is seen shown in the table 1.
It is the important technical links that close tortoise breeds that the parent tortoise is cultivated management, directly influences the fish brood amount of close tortoise, quality, fertilization rate and the incubation rate of ovum.According to the characteristics of close tortoise breeding physiology and breeding ecological, key be to do a good job of it lay eggs preceding, egg-laying period and lay eggs after the cultivation management, for the gonad development of close tortoise provides a good and suitable external condition, comprise nutrition, water quality, temperature and illumination etc. artificially.
(1) throwing is raised
Nutrition is the material base of close tortoise gonad development.The quality of fish brood amount, the number of times of laying eggs, the quantity of laying eggs and the ovum of parent tortoise depends on nutritional condition to a great extent.The Chinemys type of in batches laying eggs; The parent tortoise all is in the growth course with the egg-laying period sexual gland before laying eggs; Particularly egg mother cell gets into the grand period of growth, needs the deposition amounts of protein to be converted into yolk, only relies on the protein of storing in the body to be nowhere near; This just need absorb a large amount of nutriments, particularly protein from the external world.Therefore, should throw something and feed sufficient and feed rich in protein.After close tortoise lays eggs,, need replenish very soon because the activity of laying eggs of breeding season makes endotrophic material lot of consumption, and the sexual gland of close tortoise also growth as usual in the fall, if after laying eggs, can strengthen nutrition, the just fine growth of ability of sexual gland, mature coefficient is just big; Otherwise as after laying eggs, can not get good nutrition, even carry out reinforced cultivating before laying eggs, the effect of breeding is also undesirable.In addition, winter, the parent tortoise was wanted hibernation, and the phase of surviving the winter also will consume certain energy.Therefore after close tortoise lays eggs, before surviving the winter, also will strengthen feeding and management, protein and the fat content of throwing something and feeding be all than higher feed, to increase the nutrition storage in the close tortoise body, helps egg reproduction and surviving the winter smoothly in next year.
So the close turtle feed of present embodiment is main with the fresh and alive small fish and shrimp of throwing something and feeding, livestock and poultry liver, also throw according to the feed resource situation and raise some crayfishes, earthworm, spiral shell etc., and vegetable feed such as the vegetable melon and fruit of taking the circumstances into consideration to throw something and feed.When fresh and alive feed is not enough; Mend and throw the part manufactured feed, and in manufactured feed, add close tortoise trace elements necessary, vitamin and water purification type probiotics (is master's complex microorganism preparations with lactic acid coccus, saccharomycete) (purchasing) in Puren Ecology Tech, Co., Ltd., Beijing.Feedstuff feeding is by the operation of " four is fixed " principle.
Regularly: after the beginning of spring, during water temperature rise to 16 ℃, begin to use the fresh liver food calling, whenever, impel close tortoise early to open food at a distance from 2 ~ 3 days food callings 1 time.In the time of more than the water temperature rise to 18 ℃, throwing something and feeding about 10 o'clock every mornings 1 time, in the time of more than the water temperature rise to 24 ℃, throw something and feed twice every day, be respectively every morning 8 ~ 9 o'clock, o'clock respectively throws something and feeds 1 time in afternoon 4 ~ 5.
Decide matter: the feed of throwing something and feeding must be fresh, agreeable to the taste, nutritious, the putrid and deteriorated feed of not throwing something and feeding.Vegetable feed such as vegetables, melon and fruit is before use through cleaning and sterilization.
Quantitatively: it is 5% ~ 10% of close tortoise body weight that the day of fresh and alive feed is thrown the amount of raising, and manufactured feed is 0.8% ~ 1.2% (dry weight).The throwing amount of raising of every day how much, takes the circumstances into consideration adjustment according to the intensity of feeding of pond water temperature, weather condition and close tortoise, when temperature is suitable, fine, when the close tortoise intensity of feeding is big, suitably throws more; And cross lowly or too high when water temperature, overcast and rainy or sultry sky is then thrown less.
The location: feed is all thrown and is raised on feed table.
(2) regulating and controlling water quality
Parent's tortoise most of the time moves in the water, and the quality of water quality can directly influence the existence of close tortoise and grow.Therefore, in the whole process that close tortoise is cultivated, all to keep good and metastable water quality.
Present embodiment is mainly taked following method optimization and regulation and control water quality:
1, regularly measure every day the envirment factor in close tortoise pond and according to measured environmental parameter decision whether change what of water and quantity of exchanged water.
Parent tortoise pond water quality index requires: water colour yellow green or yellowish-brown, water transparence 20 ㎝ ~ 40 ㎝, pH7.5 ~ 8.3; Dissolved oxygen>3mg/L; Non-ionic ammonia≤0.02mg/L, nitrite≤0.2mg/L then takes the circumstances into consideration to change water when the water quality of test tank does not meet These parameters.
2, tortoise is a poikilotherm, and water temperature ingests with it, metabolism and grow closely related.Duration of test according to season and climate condition, adopts the method for regulating water level to make pond water temperature be more suitable for the physiological requirements of close tortoise.Spring and autumn water saving temperature is lower, and fine day is suitably turned down water level to the 0.8m, make solar radiation after water temperature be prone to rise, the overcast and rainy Chi Shui that then deepens is in order to insulation; Summer, water level kept 1.0 ~ 1.2m, when water temperature surpasses 30 ℃, added high water level gradually, made water temperature stability at 30 ℃ ~ 33 ℃ as far as possible.
3, duration of test, water temperature more than 25 ℃ the time, the health type probiotics of regularly splashing (is master's complex microorganism preparations with sporeformer, Rhodopseudomonas palustris) (purchasing) in Puren Ecology Tech, Co., Ltd., Beijing.
4, when test tank pH value is lower than 7.5, adopt the method for full pool spilling head quicklime to regulate.
During whole, Chi Shui remains on kilter always.Water temperature, pH value, NH
3, NO
2Situation of change sees Fig. 1 for details, and is shown in Figure 2.Fig. 1 is close tortoise pond temperature and pH annual variation curve map on weekly duty; Fig. 2 is close tortoise pond NH
3-N, NO
2The anniversary change curve.
(3) increase illumination
According to Yue Yongsheng (1999) research proof, illumination has good influence to the gonad development of fish, prolongs light application time the fish premature ripening is laid eggs.Study according to one (day) of Kawasaki justice again, (water surface illumination 3000LX) shines close soft-shelled turtle with fluorescent lamp, and consequently the be untreated number of eggs laid in district's (natural lighting) of irradiated region ratio is high 3 ~ 6 times all day.For this reason, present embodiment has taked in close tortoise pond dried up 40 ㎝ place that 4 of 1000LX fluorescent lamps are installed, at front irradiation 2h at dawn every day, to increase the light application time of close tortoise.
(4) overwinter management
When water temperature was reduced to below 10 ℃, close tortoise did not eat motionless, got into hibernation-like state, in the time of more than next year water temperature rise to 15 ℃, began the activity of reviving.In this very long surviving the winter the phase, mainly carry out following management work:
1, before close tortoise gets into hibernation, thoroughly changes water 1 time, change full pool spilling head quicklime 30mg/L behind the water.
2, the overwintering period water level remains on more than the 1.5m, in time replenishes during water level depression, in order to keeping water temperature stability.Overwintering period changed water in every month 1 time, changed about water 20 ㎝, to keep water quality fresh at every turn.
When 3, water temperature was gone up to 15 ℃ of left and right sides after the beginning of spring, close tortoise began to revive, and at this moment, carried out 1 time and changed water greatly, and quantity of exchanged water is more than 50%, and with 30mg/L quicklime or ClO
2, the sterilization of disinfectant such as BCDMH.
(5) disease prevention and cure
Between feeding period, the policy that follow through is relied mainly on prevention, emphasis be culture and the breeding management in must careful operation, carry out to throw and raise and work such as water quality management.Simultaneously, two important prophylactic measures have also been taked.
1, the close tortoise pond health type probiotics of regularly splashing adds 1% water purification type probiotics in the feed.
2, adopt the Chinese herbal medicine diseases prevention according to culturing season and close tortoise physiological requirements between feeding period.When close tortoise begins to ingest after the lay eggs end and the beginning of spring, in feed, add Chinese herb astragalus, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Codonopsis, the fruit of Chinese wolfberry, Radix Glycyrrhizae etc.,, improve the immunologic function of close tortoise to promote the gonad development of close tortoise; In summer high temperature season, in feed, add Chinese herbal medicines such as Radix Isatidis, selfheal, honeysuckle, playing heat-clearing, detoxifcation, antiinflammation, the frequently-occurring disease in prevention summer.
During whole test, tangible disease does not take place, close tortoise year the proportion of goods damageds be 3 ‰.
Close tortoise lays eggs and mainly comprises following step in the said step 8):
(1) level, sterilize in the spawning ground
Close tortoise just before giving birth before, carry out the leveling of spawning ground, disinfection in advance.Remove weeds, foreign material on the spawning ground; The sand bed is loose, use sym-closene 0.5g/m
3Sterilization; The mediation drain ditch, sand adds new sand inadequately to be supplied, and the suitable trickle of husky bed overdrying keeps moistening.Be ready to adopt the ovum instrument, and the back of cleaning, sterilize is subsequent use.
(2) close tortoise lays eggs
At this moment, deposit totally 5017 of the female tortoises in the pool in the close tortoise pond, female tortoise laid eggs since May 16, continued to September 14 and lay eggs end, lasted 122 days, and egg production peak time is July, accounts for 51% of total number of eggs laid.Present embodiment is laid eggs 14.34 ten thousand pieces altogether, and average every female tortoise lays eggs 28.58 pieces.
(3) the tortoise ovum is gathered
The parent tortoise lays eggs during generally at night to dawn, will keep environment quiet during this period of time, avoids interference.The husky bed of inspection every morning finds to lay eggs vestige, carries out sign with bamboo let.The tortoise ovum of just having given birth to is fixing as yet because of the embryo, and moving to influence embryo's normal development, will treat after the 48h that therefore embryo's basic fixed is gone in the time of telling animal-vegetal again and received ovum.Action is careful carefully when receiving ovum, beats easily and puts down gently, can not collide and damage the tortoise ovum.If chorion central authorities milky annulus is not obvious, then place in addition, as the insemination sign occurring, can handle after several days, if still no change is then eliminated by fertilized egg.The average fertilization rate of present embodiment tortoise ovum is 81.2%, average major diameter 31.01 ㎜, average minor axis 18.16 ㎜, the heavy 5.65g of average ovum.
The hatching of tortoise ovum mainly comprises following several steps in the said step 9):
(1) hatching facility
1, hatching house: area 32 ㎡ * 4, the jet chimney heater is installed.
2, incubator box: make with pine, size is 60 ㎝ * 40 ㎝ * 15 ㎝, and the ventilation of aperture drainage is arranged at the bottom of the case.
3, incubation medium: diameter is the fine sand of 0.5 ~ 0.6 ㎜.
(2) hatching facility sterilization
1, the hatching house is with potassium permanganate and the fumigation of formaldehyde mixed liquor.
2, incubator box is used the 0.5mg/L trichloro-isocyanide uric acid disinfection after cleaning, and is clean with flushing with clean water then, subsequent use after Exposure to Sunlight again.
3, hatching was removed the thick meticulous grains of sand with husky through screen filtration, again through the 0.5mg/L trichloro-isocyanide uric acid disinfection, then with flushing with clean water and put that to dry the back under the sunlight subsequent use.
(3) hatching m
The first 5 ㎝ fine sands of bottom incubator box, spreading are placed in fertilized egg in the sand by spacing 2 ㎝, and company puts two-layer, on ovum, covers 3 ㎝ fine sands then.Husky water content 8% ~ 10%, every case is numbered, is dated, and puts into the hatching house and hatches.
(4) hatching management
1, incubation temperature regulation and control: temperature is the key factor of incubating oosperm, the property ratio that can directly influence hatching speed, incubation rate and hatch young tortoise.Hatch the forward and backward phase, temperature is lower than hatching when temperature required, opens air-stopping valve and heats with pipeline; , temperature then hatches when reaching incubation temperature with natural temperature.Between the incubation period, the air themperature and the husky bed tempertaure of every day early, middle and late regular check hatching house make husky bed tempertaure remain on 32 ℃ ~ 36 ℃ as far as possible.The cooling of should in time windowing when fine temperature is too high, night and rainy day then close window and are incubated.The total accumulated temperature of the hatching of tortoise is about 40000 ℃ of h, the about 50 ~ 55d of brooding time.
2, hatching humidity regulation: humidity is the another important factor that influences the hatching of tortoise ovum.Duration of test, the water content of hatching bed sand is controlled at 8% ~ 10%; For the humidity that makes sand keeps stable, the air humidity in the hatching house is controlled at 80% ~ 82%.The temperature of regular check sand and hatching house if discovery sand top layer turns white, but still moistening near the sand of locating about ovum 1 ㎝, can be sprayed water in the inspection temperature every day between the incubation period; If the sand near ovum also begins drying, then spray water in right amount with sprayer, after a few minutes that the top layer sand is loose once excessively, make the sand bed ventilation good, prevent to harden.
3, note preventing harm such as mouse, snake, ant between the incubation period.
Result after hatching through the tortoise production technology of present embodiment is: incubate 98736 of young tortoises altogether, incubation rate is 84.8%, 79188 of wherein female young tortoises, and female ratio is 80.2%; Long 25 ~ 35 ㎜ of squab young tortoise body, body weight 3.0 ~ 6.0g.
The production technology of present embodiment has all had egg laying amount, fertilization rate, incubation rate and the tortoise seedling female ratio of tortoise parent tortoise and increases substantially.
Claims (10)
1. the breeding method of a tortoise is characterized in that comprising the steps: 1) selection in close tortoise pond; 2) foundation of spawning ground, feed table and flat roof, spawning ground are built in close Gui Chi east side, and simple and easy rain shade is built in the top; Feed table is built in the both sides at middle part, close tortoise pond, apart from the water surface 10 ~ 15 ㎝ places; And in close tortoise pond, build 2 on canopy formula flat roof with mao bamboon; 3) level, sterilize in close tortoise pond; 4) reserve parent tortoise screening; 5) close tortoise is selected; 6) close tortoise sterilization; 7) close tortoise is put in a suitable place to breed, to throwing raise, regulating and controlling water quality, disease prevention and cure, overwinter management and increase illumination manages; 8) close tortoise lays eggs, and is earlier leveled, sterilizes in the spawning ground, treats after close tortoise lays eggs the tortoise ovum to be gathered; 9) tortoise ovum hatching.
2. the breeding method of a kind of tortoise as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that close tortoise pool area 3780 ㎡ in the said step 1), the gradient 1: 2.5; The dark 1.8m in pond, depth of water 1.5m is smooth at the bottom of the pond; Dark about 20 ㎝ of mud, the high anti-wall of escaping of brick 50 ㎝ around the pond, the wall top inwardly goes out eaves 10 ㎝; Have and independently advance pumping equipment, and at water inlet iron railings is installed and is prevented escaping; The water source conforms to national aquiculture fresh water standard and the pond is sunny, environment is quiet.
3. the production technology of a kind of Chinese grass tortoise as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that said step 2) in the spawning ground be built in close Gui Chi east side; Elongated, 2 of 18m * 1m, shop particle diameter are that fine sand 40 ㎝ of 0.5 ㎜ ~ 0.6 ㎜ are thick; Simple and easy rain shade is built in the top, spawning ground, and ground is every plants short cypress 1 strain at a distance from 6m; Described feed table is built in the both sides at middle part, pond, apart from the water surface 10 ~ 15 ㎝ places, sets up with the asbestos shingle of 1.8m * 0.8m, and totally two, every long 30m; Described flat roof is built 2 on canopy formula flat roof with mao bamboon in the pond, the area 2m * 6m of every flat roof.
4. the breeding method of a kind of tortoise as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that in the said step 3) that close tortoise pond is leveled, sterilizing is meant close tortoise and put in a suitable place to breed preceding about 20 days; Drain Chi Shui; Remove foreign material at the bottom of the pond, bed mud is turned over one time, about one week of solar exposure back water inlet, 15 ㎝, evenly splash in every mu of full pond of usefulness 100 ㎏ quicklime slurryings; The next day inject new water 1m, every mu of water surface is executed water purification type probiotics (purchasing in Puren Ecology Tech, Co., Ltd., Beijing) 3 ㎏, puts close tortoise after 7 days in a suitable place to breed.
5. the breeding method of a kind of tortoise as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the screening of reserve parent tortoise is meant that the female tortoise body weight of screening has reached more than the 500g in the said step 4), and maximum individuality reaches 1875g; Male tortoise body weight has reached more than the 200g, and maximum individuality reaches 350g.
6. the breeding method of a kind of tortoise as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that close tortoise in the said step 5) selects to be meant that reserve parent tortoise is done the pool to rise and catch, and pursue only selection; It is fast therefrom to select growth, individual big, and build is normal, healthy and strong active; The complete nothing of body skin is hindered, and skin Lightening, eyes have god, are quick on the draw; Female tortoise body weight is more than 750g, and the tortoise of male tortoise body weight more than 250g is as close tortoise.
7. the breeding method of a kind of tortoise as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that in the said step 6) that close tortoise sterilization is meant that close tortoise is put in a suitable place to breed before, using concentration is the 30mg/L liquor potassic permanganate dipping bath 5min that sterilizes.
8. the breeding method of a kind of tortoise as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that close tortoise is put in a suitable place to breed in the said step 7) to be meant that breeding density is every square metre and puts 2 of close tortoises in a suitable place to breed that female-male proportion is 2: 1; Described feedstuff feeding principle is: (1) regularly after the beginning of spring, during water temperature rise to 16 ℃, begins to use the fresh liver food calling, whenever at a distance from 2 ~ 3 days food callings 1 time, impels close tortoise early to open food; In the time of more than the water temperature rise to 18 ℃, throwing something and feeding about 10 o'clock every mornings 1 time, in the time of more than the water temperature rise to 24 ℃, throw something and feed twice every day, be respectively every morning 8 ~ 9 o'clock, o'clock respectively throws something and feeds 1 time in afternoon 4 ~ 5; (2) decide matter, the feed of throwing something and feeding must be fresh, agreeable to the taste, nutritious, the putrid and deteriorated feed of not throwing something and feeding; Vegetables, melon and fruit vegetable feed are before use through cleaning and sterilization; (3) quantitative, it is 5% ~ 10% of close tortoise body weight that the day of fresh and alive feed is thrown the amount of raising, and manufactured feed is 0.8% ~ 1.2% (dry weight); (4) location, feed are all thrown and are raised on feed table; Described regulating and controlling water quality is meant that the close tortoise of control pond water quality is water colour yellow green or yellowish-brown, water transparence 20 ㎝ ~ 40 ㎝, pH7.5 ~ 8.3, Rong Xieyang>3mg/L, non-ionic ammonia≤0.02mg/L, nitrite≤0.2mg/L; Described increase illumination is meant that 4 of 1000LX fluorescent lamps are installed at dried up 40 ㎝ place in close tortoise pond, at front irradiation 2h at dawn every day, to increase the light application time of close tortoise; Described overwinter management is meant that (1) before close tortoise gets into hibernation, thoroughly change water 1 time, changes full pool spilling head quicklime 30mg/L behind the water; (2) the overwintering period water level remains on more than the 1.5m, in time replenishes during water level depression, in order to keeping water temperature stability; Overwintering period changed water in every month 1 time, changed about water 20 ㎝, to keep water quality fresh at every turn; When (3) water temperature was gone up to 15 ℃ of left and right sides after the beginning of spring, close tortoise began to revive, and at this moment, carried out 1 time and changed water greatly, and quantity of exchanged water is more than 50%, and with quicklime 30mg/L or ClO
2, bromine-chlorine-dimethyl hydantoin disinfectant sterilization; Described disease prevention and cure are meant (1) close tortoise pond health type probiotics of regularly splashing, and add 1% water purification type probiotics in the feed; (2) adopt the Chinese herbal medicine diseases prevention between feeding period; When close tortoise begins to ingest after the lay eggs end and the beginning of spring, in feed, add Chinese herb astragalus, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Codonopsis, the fruit of Chinese wolfberry, Radix Glycyrrhizae,, improve the immunologic function of close tortoise to promote the gonad development of close tortoise; In summer high temperature season, in feed, add Radix Isatidis, selfheal, honeysuckle Chinese herbal medicine, playing heat-clearing, detoxifcation, antiinflammation, the frequently-occurring disease in prevention summer.
9. the breeding method of a kind of tortoise as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that close tortoise lays eggs in the said step 8) and mainly comprise following step: leveling, sterilize in (1) spawning ground, removes weeds, foreign material on the spawning ground; The sand bed is loose, use sym-closene 0.5g/m
3Sterilization; The mediation drain ditch, sand adds new sand inadequately to be supplied, and the suitable trickle of husky bed overdrying keeps moistening; (2) after close tortoise lays eggs the tortoise ovum is gathered, after the 48h that waits to lay eggs, row is received ovum again.
10. the production technology of a kind of Chinese grass tortoise as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the hatching of tortoise ovum mainly comprises following several steps in the said step 9): the selection of (1) hatching facility, hatching house: area 32 ㎡ * 4, installation jet chimney heater; Incubator box: make with pine, size is 60 ㎝ * 40 ㎝ * 15 ㎝, and the ventilation of aperture drainage is arranged at the bottom of the case; Incubation medium: diameter is the fine sand of 0.5 ~ 0.6 ㎜; (2) hatching facility sterilization, the hatching house is with potassium permanganate and the fumigation of formaldehyde mixed liquor; Incubator box is used the 0.5mg/L trichloro-isocyanide uric acid disinfection after cleaning, clean with flushing with clean water then, subsequent use after Exposure to Sunlight again; Hatching was removed the thick meticulous grains of sand with husky through screen filtration, again through the 0.5mg/L trichloro-isocyanide uric acid disinfection, then with flushing with clean water and put that to dry the back under the sunlight subsequent use; (3) hatching m, the first 5 ㎝ fine sands of bottom incubator box, spreading are placed in fertilized egg in the sand by spacing 2 ㎝, and company puts two-layer, on ovum, covers 3 ㎝ fine sands then; (4) hatching management, incubation temperature regulation and control: make husky bed tempertaure remain on 32 ℃ ~ 36 ℃ as far as possible, the about 50 ~ 55d of brooding time; The hatching humidity regulation: the water content of hatching bed sand is controlled at 8% ~ 10%; For the humidity that makes sand keeps stable, the air humidity in the hatching house is controlled at 80% ~ 82%.
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| CN103461275A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2013-12-25 | 厦门力嘉诚防水工程有限公司 | Ecological circulating breeding technology for tortoise |
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