CN105028318A - Artificial breeding method for tetraogallus tibetanus under high-altitude environment - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an artificial breeding method for tetraogallus tibetanus under a high-altitude environment. The method comprises the following steps that the environment adaptability of the tetraogallus tibetanus is improved by utilizing a 'custom hatching technology' of chickens; the laying environment is simulated and improved to improve the fertilization rate of the tetraogallus tibetanus; a dedicated tetraogallus tibetanus hatcher is designed; an artificial hatching technology process of the tetraogallus tibetanus is formulated; a standard artificial breeding technology process of the tetraogallus tibetanus is formulated; a feed formula is innovated. The method solves the problems that the artificial breeding hatchability and survival rate of the tetraogallus tibetanusare are low in a plateau area.

Description

Tibetan Snow Cock artificial breeding method under high altitude environment

Technical field

Type of the present invention relates to Tibetan Snow Cock artificial breeding method, is specially Tibetan Snow Cock artificial breeding method under the higher environment of height above sea level.

Background technology

Tibetan Snow Cock belongs to high mountain kind, mostly haunts at perennial snow, the naked rock area of high mountain that human footmarks are rare, is the representation type of alpine animals, and accompanying with alpine plant saussurea involucrata, is mountain-climbing top-notch player worthy of the name.

Tibetan Snow Cock is generally perched and to be reached the standard grade alpine scrub between snow line, tundra and naked rock area in the forest of height above sea level 3000 meters more than to about 6000 meters, and the population near edge, area can drop to 2000 meters winter, and even survive the winter in 1200-1500 rice.There is seasonal vertical migration.

The places such as the open shrublands of bare rock and alpine tundra grassy marshland that are everlasting are movable, look for food near snow line of being also everlasting.Never enter forest and thick close large stretch of shrubbery area.Like tying group, many in 3-5 only moving in small groups.In the area that density is high, can 10-20 be seen, even nearly the jumpbogroup of nearly hundred.Daytime is movable, from daybreak until dusk, often upwards walks from hill-side and looks for food, until mountain top.In the other rest of rock before midday, combing feather.

Disposition is timid and alert, and far discovery is dangerous just flees from immediately.Wing is strong, is apt to fly, but often runs when meeting harmful animal to escape, just flutter at a puss and take off, when runing away, swagger, slightly like wild goose walking postures, tail is straight especially, show white lower tall coverts, do not establish when looking for food at " sentry post ", but by day rest time, then being stood on high rock by old bird and " stand sentry ", finding that harmful animal listens sound with regard to sending long and large ring.

It is very flexible when hillside rock is run.The ability of flight and glide is also comparatively strong, and fly heavy and rapidly, can fly to another hilltop from a hilltop, or flying over several hilltop continuously, flight is often along with the cry of " loud, high-pitched sound, loud, high-pitched sound ".

Tibetan Snow Cock is good at walking and is glided, very strong adaptability is had to the natural conditions of high mountain, activity can be mixed in the area of 30 centimetres, accumulated snow and the high mountain such as argali, blue sheep ungulate, turn over the plant under the path that oversteps of food mountain sheep, peck phytophagous bulb, block root, blade of grass and small animal etc., have to arrive at present near herdsman's tent and look for food.The feeding habits of Tibetan Snow Cock by leading with vegetalitas, are held concurrently and are eaten a small amount of insect.Food comprises the alpine plants such as nutgrass flatsedge, Stipa capillata, Tibetan radix scrophulariae, annual bluegrass, saussurea involucrata, serpentgrass, dandelion, different oat.

The night screen has hung down, and they just spend the night under stealthy rock.Due to the protective coloration of himself, when meeting danger, original place volt body is motionless, is difficult to be found.Nest is very hidden, is placed in the thick grass of naked cleft, very simple and crude, in plate-like, and interior paving hay, liver moss, animal hair and self abdomen plumage.

Because Tibetan Snow Cock is considered as " refreshing bird " by Tibetan compatriot always, its economic worth of Tibetan Snow Cock and scientific research value higher.The above-listed Tibetan Snow Cock of international animals on the brink of extinction register is one-level endangered species; China is decided to be secondary it and lays special stress on protecting wildlife.About have 200,000 at Tibet sum, most high density is per hectare about 0.06; Sum in Qinghai reaches more than 100 ten thousand especially, and the density of typical habitat is per hectare 0.27; And the density on the ground such as southern Xinjiang, western Sichuan is lower slightly, it is per hectare about 0.01.But since 20 century 70s, the quantity of Tibetan Snow Cock also declines to some extent, especially flourishing in traffic and area that population is more.

Summary of the invention

Of the present inventionly be to provide Tibetan Snow Cock artificial breeding method under high altitude environment, solving Tibetan Snow Cock under high altitude environment cannot the shortcoming of artificial breeding.

For achieving the above object, the invention discloses following technical scheme:

Under high altitude environment, Tibetan Snow Cock artificial breeding method, comprises the steps:

S1 utilizes family chicken " generation incubates technology ", obtains early stage young Tibetan Snow Cock;

S2 simulates and improves production environment, improve kind of a Tibetan Snow Cock fertilization rate, according to the particular surroundings of high altitude localities, Tibetan Snow Cock incubation temperature and humidity, brooding temperature and humidity are adjusted respectively, and guarantee that place is dry, cultivation temperature pleasant, reduces cultivation density, increase kind of Tibetan Snow Cock feed intake and amount of drinking water, improve kind of a bird fertilization rate;

The Tibetan Snow Cock hatch machine of S3 design specialized, wets in hatch machine in the temperature automatically controlled control of existing micro computer, adds super-silent oxygen supply pump, oxygen content detector, and improves the size of incubation plate;

S4 works out Tibetan Snow Cock artificial incubation technique flow process, comprising:

The collection of S401 kind egg and storage, planting egg must from excellent, healthy flock of birds, when selecting kind of egg, first the kind egg that shell egg, husky shell egg, sheetmetal egg and shape are not accordant to the old routine is chosen, more than 24 hours will be stored to the kind egg of firm output, the temperature of preserving is 13-15 DEG C, the relatively suitable humidity of conserving species egg is 70%-80%, notes the ventilation of storeroom, when planting egg preservation, greatly upside down, 1 time should be stirred every day;

S402 carries out the disinfecting of kind of egg;

S403 controls incubation temperature, and room temperature, when 18-25 DEG C, adopts constant temperature method incubation temperature to control at 37.5 DEG C, and plants egg and by large, medium and small or heavy, medium and light three class, can carry out extension set hatching, to improve incubation rate and strong young rate;

S404 hatching management, when entering to incubate, make Tibetan Snow Cock ovum large head-up, to distinguish batch according to storage period, laying period, conscientiously record, can not mix and incubate; Want egg-turning in hatching process, every 3-4 hour egg-turning once, egg-turning angle is 90 °-110 °;

S5 works out the Tibetan Snow Cock artificial culture technology flow process of specification, comprising:

S501 breeding environment is selected, and selects suitable growing environment, carries out subfield raising, and arrange shading shed on every hurdle in feed lot;

S502 nestling is raised, and nestling opened food after initial 2-3 days, opens food feeding brood time concentrated feed, constantly flogs rearing tray and fiddle with feed, draw it and search for food, until 4-6 days, till nestling takes food naturally by finger; In the concentrated feed of 4-6 days, increase vegetables, in drinking-water, add vitamin;

In S503, bird is become to raise, when Tibetan Snow Cock grew to for 1 monthly age, change finishing period concentrated feed into, finishing period is transitioned into from brood time, carry out feed more to change jobs, be specially the 1st week after de-temperature and still feed brood time concentrated feed, second week 2/3 brood time concentrated feed adds 1/3 finishing period concentrated feed, within 3rd week, add 2/3 finishing period concentrated feed with 1/3 brood time fine fodder, from 4th week, all use finishing period concentrated feed; And along with the increase of Tibetan Snow Cock age in days, absorb coarse-fibred ability and strengthen gradually, allow its green forage of searching for food, the scale of feeding of restriction concentrate mixture;

S504 carries out regular sterilization and epidemic prevention;

S6 is bred as and gathers.

Further, the concrete mode of described step S1 is:

S101 selects the kind Tibetan Snow Cock with good gene to lay eggs, and utilizes family chicken " generation incubates technology " continuous seepage three generations Tibetan Snow Cock;

The young Tibetan Snow Cock obtained is put in a suitable place to breed separately by S102, reduces accusing each other between Tibetan Snow Cock, makes the wilder Tibetan Snow Cock of its disposition more heater element.

Further, when putting young Tibetan Snow Cock in a suitable place to breed in described S102, it is 1 young Tibetan Snow Cock every square metre that cultivation density ensures.

Further, in described step S2, incubation temperature improves 0.5 DEG C-1 DEG C, and hatching relative moisture improves 3%-5%, and brooding temperature improves 2 DEG C-3 DEG C, and relative moisture of brooding improves 2%-3%, and brood time extends 7-10 days.

Further, the incubation plate volume after improving in described step S3 is 1350 × 105 × 1200mm, and oxygen supply pump noise is no more than 45 decibels, and going out oxygen amount is 3.0L/min, and in hatch machine, oxygen content in air remains on 21%-22%.

Further, if storage life was more than 7 days in described step S401, needs to reduce temperature and preserve.

Further, the concrete mode of the disinfecting of described step S402 kind egg is wipe ovum storeroom floor once with thimerosal in every 2 days, the cleaning comprehensively every 2 weeks, sterilization, and fumigate with formalin solution, after Tibetan Snow Cock is laid eggs, ovum is sent into hatching house's sterilization, every cubic metre, disinfectant formalin 42mL, potassium permanganate 21g, stifling 30 minutes, before entering to incubate, the disinfectant not exceeding 40 DEG C by temperature soaks 20-30 minute, then dry kind of egg with the dry gauze of sterilizing can enter to incubate, Ru Fuhou hatching house dragged wiping once every 2 days with disinfectant in floor, wall, the every two weeks disinfectant of ceiling sprays once, within one month, carry out cleaning comprehensively once, before each hatching, the disinfectant wiping one time of inside and outside hatch machine and surface, and use formalin fumigation.

Further, in described step S403, incubation condition is specially hatching in early stage humid control at 25%-30%, proceed to young-generating machine humidity relatively to improve, ensure that relative moisture is 40%-45%, embryonic development needs ozone and sufficient oxygen, regular ventilation, especially later stage heat production is more, needs cooling egg.

Further, in described step S502, the drinking-water of nestling has color, and such nestling can initiatively drink water.

Further, described concentrated feed proportioning is by weight:

The brood time concentrated feed of 1-3 monthly age nestling, corn 56 parts, 6 parts, highland barley, dregs of beans 12 parts, 3 parts, wheat bran, fish meal 6 parts, alfalfa meal 10 parts, salt 0.4 part, calcium bicarbonate 1.8 parts, conch meal 0.8 part, bone meal 3 parts, methionine 0.4 part, lysine 0.4 part, multivitamin 0.1 part, trace element 0.1 part;

3 the monthly age above nestling finishing period concentrated feed, corn 46 parts, 6 parts, highland barley, dregs of beans 8 parts, 10 parts, wheat bran, fish meal 4 parts, alfalfa meal 20 parts, salt 0.4 part, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 2 parts, conch meal 0.5 part, bone meal 2.5 parts, methionine 0.2 part, lysine 0.2 part, multivitamin 0.1 part, trace element 0.1 part;

Laying period concentrated feed, corn 54 parts, dregs of beans 9 parts, 2 parts, wheat bran, fish meal 5 parts, alfalfa meal 20 parts, salt 0.4 part, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 2 parts, conch meal 0.6 part, bone meal 3.3 parts, methionine 0.25 part, lysine 0.25 part, multidimensional 0.1 part, trace element 0.1 part.

It is naturally hatch associated technical parameters for reference with Tibetan Snow Cock that the present invention researches and develops theory innovation, break through at present domestic smallest number, among a small circle in carry out experimental artificial incubation cultivation Tibetan Snow Cock research category, utilize and carry out experiment and the research of artificial incubation cultivation Tibetan Snow Cock at height above sea level lower than 3000 meter districts, and artificial incubation rate is brought up to more than 80%, and cultivation survival rate brings up to more than 90%.

Embodiment

Under high altitude environment, Tibetan Snow Cock artificial breeding method, comprises the steps:

S1 utilizes family chicken " generation incubates technology ", obtains early stage young Tibetan Snow Cock:

S101 selects the kind Tibetan Snow Cock with good gene to lay eggs, and utilizes family chicken " generation incubates technology " continuous seepage three generations Tibetan Snow Cock;

The young Tibetan Snow Cock obtained is put in a suitable place to breed separately by S102, reduces accusing each other between Tibetan Snow Cock, makes the wilder Tibetan Snow Cock of its disposition more heater element.

S2 simulates and improves production environment, improve kind of a Tibetan Snow Cock fertilization rate, according to the particular surroundings of high altitude localities, Tibetan Snow Cock incubation temperature and humidity, brooding temperature and humidity are adjusted respectively, and guarantee that place is dry, cultivation temperature pleasant, reduces cultivation density, increase kind of Tibetan Snow Cock feed intake and amount of drinking water, improve kind of a bird fertilization rate;

The Tibetan Snow Cock hatch machine of S3 design specialized, wets in hatch machine in the temperature automatically controlled control of existing micro computer, adds super-silent oxygen supply pump, oxygen content detector, and improves the size of incubation plate;

S4 works out Tibetan Snow Cock artificial incubation technique flow process, comprising:

The collection of S401 kind egg and storage, planting egg must from excellent, healthy flock of birds, when selecting kind of egg, first the kind egg that shell egg, husky shell egg, sheetmetal egg and shape are not accordant to the old routine is chosen, more than 24 hours will be stored to the kind egg of firm output, the temperature of preserving is 13-15 DEG C, the relatively suitable humidity of conserving species egg is 70%-80%, notes the ventilation of storeroom, when planting egg preservation, greatly upside down, 1 time should be stirred every day;

S402 carries out the disinfecting of kind of egg;

S403 controls incubation temperature, and room temperature, when 18-25 DEG C, adopts constant temperature method incubation temperature to control at 37.5 DEG C, and plants egg and by large, medium and small or heavy, medium and light three class, can carry out extension set hatching, to improve incubation rate and strong young rate;

S404 hatching management, when entering to incubate, make Tibetan Snow Cock ovum large head-up, to distinguish batch according to storage period, laying period, conscientiously record, can not mix and incubate; Want egg-turning in hatching process, every 3-4 hour egg-turning once, egg-turning angle is 90 °-110 °;

S5 works out the Tibetan Snow Cock artificial culture technology flow process of specification, comprising:

S501 breeding environment is selected, and selects suitable growing environment, carries out subfield raising, and arrange shading shed on every hurdle in feed lot;

S502 nestling is raised, and nestling opened food after initial 2-3 days, opens food feeding brood time concentrated feed, constantly flogs rearing tray and fiddle with feed, draw it and search for food, until 4-6 days, till nestling takes food naturally by finger; In the concentrated feed of 4-6 days, increase vegetables, in drinking-water, add vitamin;

In S503, bird is become to raise, when Tibetan Snow Cock grew to for 1 monthly age, change finishing period concentrated feed into, finishing period is transitioned into from brood time, carry out feed more to change jobs, be specially the 1st week after de-temperature and still feed brood time concentrated feed, second week 2/3 brood time concentrated feed adds 1/3 finishing period concentrated feed, within 3rd week, add 2/3 finishing period concentrated feed with 1/3 brood time fine fodder, from 4th week, all use finishing period concentrated feed; And along with the increase of Tibetan Snow Cock age in days, absorb coarse-fibred ability and strengthen gradually, allow its green forage of searching for food, the scale of feeding of restriction concentrate mixture;

S504 carries out regular sterilization and epidemic prevention;

S6 is bred as and gathers.

In the present invention, when putting young Tibetan Snow Cock in step S102 in a suitable place to breed, it is 1 young Tibetan Snow Cock every square metre that cultivation density ensures.

In step S2, incubation temperature improves 0.5 DEG C-1 DEG C, and hatching relative moisture improves 3%-5%, and brooding temperature improves 2 DEG C-3 DEG C, and relative moisture of brooding improves 2%-3%, and brood time extends 7-10 days.

Incubation plate volume after improving in step S3 is 1350 × 105 × 1200mm, and oxygen supply pump noise is no more than 45 decibels, and going out oxygen amount is 3.0L/min, and in hatch machine, oxygen content in air remains on 21%-22%.

If storage life was more than 7 days in step S401, needs to reduce temperature and preserve.

The concrete mode of the disinfecting of step S402 kind egg is wipe ovum storeroom floor once with thimerosal in every 2 days, the cleaning comprehensively every 2 weeks, sterilization, and fumigate with formalin solution, after Tibetan Snow Cock is laid eggs, ovum is sent into hatching house's sterilization, every cubic metre, disinfectant formalin 42mL, potassium permanganate 21g, stifling 30 minutes, before entering to incubate, the disinfectant not exceeding 40 DEG C by temperature soaks 20-30 minute, then dry kind of egg with the dry gauze of sterilizing can enter to incubate, Ru Fuhou hatching house dragged wiping once every 2 days with disinfectant in floor, wall, the every two weeks disinfectant of ceiling sprays once, within one month, carry out cleaning comprehensively once, before each hatching, the disinfectant wiping one time of inside and outside hatch machine and surface, and use formalin fumigation.

In step S403, incubation condition is specially hatching in early stage humid control at 25%-30%, proceeds to young-generating machine humidity and relatively improves, ensure that relative moisture is 40%-45%, embryonic development needs ozone and sufficient oxygen, regular ventilation, especially later stage heat production is more, needs cooling egg.

In step S502, the drinking-water of nestling has color, and such nestling can initiatively drink water.

In the present invention, concentrated feed proportioning is by weight:

The brood time concentrated feed of 1-3 monthly age nestling, corn 56 parts, 6 parts, highland barley, dregs of beans 12 parts, 3 parts, wheat bran, fish meal 6 parts, alfalfa meal 10 parts, salt 0.4 part, calcium bicarbonate 1.8 parts, conch meal 0.8 part, bone meal 3 parts, methionine 0.4 part, lysine 0.4 part, multivitamin 0.1 part, trace element 0.1 part;

3 the monthly age above nestling finishing period concentrated feed, corn 46 parts, 6 parts, highland barley, dregs of beans 8 parts, 10 parts, wheat bran, fish meal 4 parts, alfalfa meal 20 parts, salt 0.4 part, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 2 parts, conch meal 0.5 part, bone meal 2.5 parts, methionine 0.2 part, lysine 0.2 part, multivitamin 0.1 part, trace element 0.1 part;

Laying period concentrated feed, corn 54 parts, dregs of beans 9 parts, 2 parts, wheat bran, fish meal 5 parts, alfalfa meal 20 parts, salt 0.4 part, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 2 parts, conch meal 0.6 part, bone meal 3.3 parts, methionine 0.25 part, lysine 0.25 part, multidimensional 0.1 part, trace element 0.1 part.

Specifically, Tibetan Snow Cock artificial breeding method, comprises the following steps:

The first step: utilize family chicken " generation incubates technology ", improves Tibetan Snow Cock cultivation survival rate effectively

The kind Tibetan Snow Cock with good gene is selected to lay eggs, utilize family chicken " generation incubates technology " continuous seepage three generations Tibetan Snow Cock, and young Tibetan Snow Cock is put in a suitable place to breed separately, hen house area suitably strengthens, and general cultivation density is 1 every square metre (after the third generation, cultivation density can suitably increase), effectively can raise and train Tibetan Snow Cock, reduce accusing each other between them, make the wilder Tibetan Snow Cock of its disposition more heater element, and growing environment strong adaptability, cultivation survival rate is high.

Second step: simulate and improve production environment, improves kind of a Tibetan Snow Cock fertilization rate

In subject study process, according to the practical experience of coastal area, we simulate their environment of hatching and production environment, in conjunction with geography and the climatic environmental factor in Qinghai, Tibetan Snow Cock incubation temperature and humidity have been carried out suitable adjustment respectively, consider that Qinghai Area mean temperature of air is low, sooner or later the temperature difference is large, and dry, moisture evaporates fast actual conditions, seminar improves 0.5 DEG C-1 DEG C incubation temperature, and relative moisture improves 3%-5%; Brooding temperature improves 2 DEG C-3 DEG C, and relative moisture improves 2%-3%, and brood time extends 7-10 days, and by improving production environment, comprise and guarantee that place is dry, cultivation temperature pleasant, reduces cultivation density, increase kind of the method such as Tibetan Snow Cock feed intake and amount of drinking water, improve kind of a bird fertilization rate

3rd step: devise special Tibetan Snow Cock hatch machine

The hatch machine utilizing market general carries out artificial incubation Tibetan Snow Cock in Qinghai Area, its incubation rate is less than 30%, I company technique personnel make improvements by repeatedly testing, wet in hatch machine in the temperature automatically controlled control of existing micro computer, super-silent oxygen supply pump has been installed, oxygen content monitor, and the size of incubation plate by ovum is changed a social system, hatch machine volume after improvement is that 1350 × 105 × 1200mm is (long, wide, high), oxygen supply pump noise is no more than 45 decibels, going out oxygen amount is 3.0L/min, in hatch machine, oxygen content in air remains on 21%-22%, comparatively Part of Qinghai Plateau oxygen content in air improves 35%-40%, this hatch machine can hatch 504 pieces of ovum simultaneously.

4th step: worked out Tibetan Snow Cock artificial incubation technique flow process

(1) collection and the storage of egg is planted

Planting egg must from excellent, healthy flock of birds, when selecting kind of egg, first shell egg, arenaceous shell egg, sheetmetal egg and the kind egg excessive, too small, excessively flat, excessively round, contaminated area is excessive are chosen, should not enter to incubate to the kind egg of firm output at once, store more than 24 hours, but do not exceed 7 days, the temperature of preserving is advisable with 13-15 DEG C, if storage life surpasses 7 days, need to reduce temperature, the relatively suitable humidity of conserving species egg is 70%-80%, and note the ventilation of storeroom, when planting egg preservation, greatly upside down, 1 time should be stirred every day.

(2) disinfecting of egg is planted

Within every 2 days, wipe ovum storeroom floor once with thimerosal, the cleaning comprehensively every 2 weeks, sterilization, and fumigate with formalin solution, after Tibetan Snow Cock is laid eggs, poultry raiser will sterilize Luan Song hatching house as early as possible, every cubic metre, disinfectant formalin 42mL, potassium permanganate 21g, stifling 30 minutes, before entering to incubate, 20-30 minute is soaked with disinfectant (temperature does not exceed 40 DEG C), then dry kind of egg with the dry gauze of sterilizing can enter to incubate, floor, hatching house dragged wiping once every 2 days with disinfectant, wall, the every two weeks disinfectant of ceiling sprays once, within one month, carry out cleaning comprehensively once, before each hatching, the disinfectant wiping one time of inside and outside hatch machine and surface, and use formalin fumigation,

(3) incubation condition

Room temperature is when 18-25 DEG C, constant temperature method incubation temperature is adopted to control at 37.5 DEG C, and planting egg can by greatly, in, little or heavy, in, light three class, implementation extension set is hatched, incubation rate and strong young rate can be improved, hatching in early stage humidity can be controlled in 25%-30%, proceed to young-generating machine humidity should relatively improve, be generally 40%-45%, the relatively high meeting of later stage humidity causes unfirmly closing shell, addled egg increases, embryonic development needs ozone and sufficient oxygen, carbonic acid gas and various pernicious gas do not exceed standard, therefore, should regularly ventilation, especially later stage heat production is more, cooling egg should be noted,

(4) hatching management

When entering to incubate, make Tibetan Snow Cock ovum large head-up, to distinguish batch according to storage period, laying period, conscientiously record, can not mix and incubate; Want egg-turning in hatching process, every 3-4 hour egg-turning once, egg-turning angle is advisable with 90 °-110 °,

5th step: the Tibetan Snow Cock artificial culture technology flow process of having worked out specification

(1) cultivation base environmental selection

1. geographical position

Cultivation base requires away from city and residential block, and from main roads at least 1500 meters, green percentage is high, with fresh air, and cultivation base surrounding is polluted without Industrial " three Waste ",

2. land resources

The selection in place will meet the requirement of epidemic prevention, preferably away from other animal farms, can have a good transport service, and water, electricity are sufficient, and optimum place is sandy grassland, and ground important and influential persons is smooth, not ponding.

3. water resource

Cultivation base underground water, has enough water surface areas and drinking water source, and the sanitary of water sources ensured,

4. climatic resources

Indoor air temperature not higher than 30 degrees Celsius,

5. subfield

Subfield in feed lot, the area on each hurdle about 3 ~ 5 mu, as foster kind of Tibetan Snow Cock, 1 ~ 2 combination (each be combined as 1 male 3 female) can be put in every hurdle, subfield material available iron gauze, but note can not spinosity, in case injure Tibetan Snow Cock, the upper end the most handy plastic pipe bag of net is appropriate

6. shading shed is set

Each hurdle should arrange the shading shed of about 20 square metres, and under canopy, feed feed with anti-rain, feed dish, water pond can with soft aluminium dishes, or and the crate tire cleaned to isolate use, should not cement tub be built, in case hinder bird pin, can padded 10 centimeters of sand under canopy, convenient kind of a bird is laid eggs

(2) nestling is raised

First week of nestling, is most critical, needs carefully to observe, and in beginning 2-3 day, nestling consumes self yolk capsule, does not need foodstuff, after 3 days, nestling often can hold food and drinking-water, hold food after most junior three sky, running check nestling, discovery diarrhea, should treat immediately.

Nestling to open food very important, carefulness, patience be had, it during beginning, must be lured to search for food, constantly flog rearing tray with finger and fiddle with feed, drawing it and search for food, within second day, do so again, until 4-6 days, till allowing it naturally take food,

The feed of 3 age in days nestlings, the compound that a variety of Chinese cabbage that can eat chopping, the corn ground, wheat and pea are mixed, chick one week rear feed intake increases gradually, every day is except certain fine fodder, also suitably to increase vegetables and comprise spinach, green vegetables and carrot etc., also with the ripe egg of chopping and carrot, can drink water and also should add vitamin, and have color, such birdling can initiatively drink water.

First month is the critical period of Tibetan Snow Cock, and white diarrhea may occur, once tide over this period, just grow fine, this period must note diseases prevention, and a discovery is ill, namely should prevent and treat, or give an preventive injection, in addition, one monthly age bird favorite eats foreign matter, do not allow it eat too much, note the sanitation and hygiene in hurdle, birdling also can stand cold weather, but first winter, infrared lamp had better be provided to be incubated.

(3) in, bird is become to raise

After January, Tibetan Snow Cock ratio is easier to raise, and does not need what specific process, mainly during each blowing, notices that whether its appetite is normal, notices that whether its defecation is normal, if normally, does not just need to take care of, if abnormal, due to illness treats,

1. the raising of finishing period

When Tibetan Snow Cock grew to for 1 monthly age, body weight has reached 205 grams, can adapt to various natural conditions, should change and feed finishing period feed, be transitioned into finishing period from brood time, feed be carried out and more change jobs, way is: within the 1st week after de-temperature, still feed material of brooding, second week 2/3 material of brooding adds 1/3 incubation material, within the 3rd week, adds 2/3 incubation material, all with incubation material from 4th week with 1/3 material of brooding.Along with the increase of Tibetan Snow Cock age in days, absorb coarse-fibred ability and strengthen gradually, should allow its green forage of searching for food as far as possible, the scale of feeding of restriction concentrate mixture.

2. the management of finishing period

Tibetan Snow Cock more than 3 monthly ages can be raised outside house in spring and summer.Tibetan Snow Cock is former moves in Gobi desert, careless beach district, cultured area and playground must be large, increase its amount of exercise, and raising canopy and sports ground will pad sand, the grains of sand are of moderate size, spreading husky thickness is 10 cm, and sports ground can adopt part to spread sand, plants some trees of shading simultaneously or builds shading shed, Tibetan Snow Cock easily gets a fright, easily cause wound and difficult labour, so the peace and quiet of plant's surrounding environment will be ensured, avoid that steam whistle, mechanical impact, explosion etc. are sudden to be rung strongly.

(4) epidemic prevention requires and disease medication

1. to prevent epidemic requirement

A, should to introduce from the reliable anosis kind of Tibetan Snow Cock field of provenance, select physically fit, that premunition is strong improved seeds, reduce disease incident.

B, do feeding and management and sanitation and hygiene well, this is prophylactic basic measures, adheres to correct raising, appropriate management, and Tibetan Snow Cock group normal growth is grown, and physique is healthy and strong, just can build up one's resistance to disease, implement the policy of " putting prevention first ",

A, rationally to feed clean drinking-water, according to the needs of Tibetan Snow Cock different phase, fully met the demand of nutriment, forbid feeding moldy metamorphism feed, drinking water will clean, and the smelly water of sewage must not be drunk,

B, creation adapt circumstance condition, the layout of Tibetan Snow Cock house and structure are wanted rationally, will maintain a certain distance between house, to reduce the chance that epidemic disease is propagated, well-ventilated wanted by aviary, temperature, humidity are suitable, keep aviary to clean, the flock of birds of different cultivars and all ages and classes will separately be raised, and carries out " all in all out " system, with immunological disease cross-infection

C, do assanation well, remove the rubbish heap around aviary and foreign material heap, increase and put the anti-mousetrap, mouse blocking plate, go up wire net and sky net all around at aviary, prevent mouse, worm enters, thus reduce it to the infringement of feed and transmission of disease.

D, to pay attention to personal hygiene, staff marches into the arena will change footwear, wash one's hands, Migrant women must not enter aviary without permission without authorization, and staff and apparatus will be fixed.

E, forbid that other birds enter aviary, in case generation ill altogether.

2. regularly sterilize

The object of sterilization kills pathogene, cuts off route of transmission, prevent the generation of disease and spread.

A, enter the personnel of production area, bird field, will take off without exception, deposit private shoes and hats and inside and outside clothes, through shower, to substitute in interior work clothes, then allow to enter production area, the work clothes, cap etc. dressed in production area must not pass production area, work clothes will wash weekly, then high-temperature sterilization once.

Every 2 weeks of B, the aviary limewash of 1% sprays 3 times, often criticizes after Tibetan Snow Cock raises and terminate, will thoroughly eliminate birds droppings and dirt, ground lime water spray disinfectant.

3. Chinese medicine bag for preventing infectious disease

Although the premunition of Tibetan Snow Cock is comparatively strong, or according to rational immune programme for children, should start Chinese herbal medicine epidemic preventing working in good time, to strengthen the immunity of Tibetan Snow Cock, the generation kept off infection, according to the feature of Tibetan Snow Cock growth cycle, should bring into use Chinese herbal feed additive at 15 ages in days.

6th step: the warming fowl canopy transformation of experimental group

Experimental group is brooded to give up and be bred as to give up and is separately added heat-insulation layer (thickness is the color steel warming plate of 10cm), and fence separately adds rain cover and heat insulating cloth, reaches the effect that maintenance in winter is warm, summer keeps dry,

7th step: innovation feed formula

(1) concentrated feed kind

Protein feeds: vegetable feed has dregs of beans, colza cake and sunflower seed cake etc., these feeds are containing protein 35%-50%, about 20% of feed total amount can be accounted for, feed of animal origin has fish meal, egg, animal tankage, silkworm chrysalis, feather meal, blood meal etc., containing protein 40%-80%, the 20%-25% of feed total amount can be accounted for

Energy feed: comprise corn, wheat, highland barley etc., wherein energy content be about 13.0 million burnt/kilogram, bran fodder energy is low, capacity is large, and be rich in raw fiber, just meeting the nutritional need of ostrich, so 10% of feed total amount can be accounted for as wheat bran, rice bran, corn bran, Chinese sorghum chaff etc.

Mineral feeds: conch meal, zeolite powder, bone meal, salt, calcium bicarbonate, methionine, lysine, multivitamin, trace element, waiting is that ostrich grows indispensable required material equally, can account for 5% of feed total amount,

(2) concentrated feed formula

The raw material that Tibetan Snow Cock concentrated feed uses and pig, chicken are similar, and maximum feature can use grass meal in a large number,

In the compound of 1-3 monthly age nestling, the content of thick protein is at 21%-22%, it is to calcium, chick is compared in the requirement of the mineral matter elements such as phosphorus, duck is much higher, the feed of some calcics can be added as conch meal in feed, calcium carbonate, calcium monohydrogen phosphate etc., if feed ostrich chicks with chicken feed, the bone meal of 2%-2.5% should be added, effectively can prevent the generation of leg disease, nestling feed is corn 56%, highland barley 6%, dregs of beans 12%, wheat bran 3%, fish meal 6%, alfalfa meal 10%, salt 0.4%, calcium bicarbonate 1.8%, conch meal 0.8%, bone meal 3%, methionine 0.4%, lysine 0.4%, multivitamin 0.1%, trace element 0.1%,

Finishing period Tibetan Snow Cock more than 3 monthly ages should change material in hello vegetative period, and gross protein value is 16%-17%, and also will note supplementing of calcium, phosphorus, the calcium Phosphorus requirement of finishing period Tibetan Snow Cock is than Young cock height 30%-40% simultaneously, finishing period feed is corn 46%, highland barley 6%, dregs of beans 8%, wheat bran 10%, fish meal 4%, alfalfa meal 20%, salt 0.4%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 2%, conch meal 0.5%, bone meal 2.5%, methionine 0.2%, lysine 0.2%, multivitamin 0.1%, trace element 0.1%

The key of laying period Tibetan Snow Cock raising is the daily ration of balance between supply and demand, particularly the quantity delivered of energy can not be too much, otherwise female ostrich will be fat, causing lays eggs significantly declines or stops production, in concentrated feed, gross protein value is advisable with 18%, the content of calcium and available phosphorus is respectively 3% and 1%, and the content of lysine and methionine+cystine is respectively 0.90% and 0.75%

Laying period Tibetan Snow Cock vitamin with trace element requirement difference compared with kind of chicken little, vitamin needed for Tibetan Snow Cock is except vitamin E, pantothenic acid, vitamin h are similar to kind chicken, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, nicotinic acid, choline requirement are also more similar than kind of chicken, laying period, feed was corn 54%, dregs of beans 9%, wheat bran 2%, fish meal 5%, alfalfa meal 20%, salt 0.4%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 2%, conch meal 0.6%, bone meal 3.3%, methionine 0.25%, lysine 0.25%, multidimensional 0.1%, trace element 0.1%.

(3) roughage

Tibetan Snow Cock feed, based on green forage, accounts for 70% of whole daily ration, and green forage palpus is fresh, without rotting, without pesticide pollution, cleaning and be not with earth, shred before feeding, length is 0.5-3 centimetre, puts free choice feeding in groove.

Less demanding to roughage of Tibetan Snow Cock, generally using leguminous forage, gramineous forage grass and various green vegetables as the feed of ostrich, should comprise clover, corn, Folium sophorae etc., and in reality is raised, various green forage is reasonably combined, and its feeding effect is better.

1, artificial incubation rate and strong young rate result contrast

In June, 2009, control group and experimental group respectively enter to incubate 20 pieces, Tibetan Snow Cock egg, and wherein control group (first group) utilizes comprising temperature, humidity etc. at height above sea level more than the 3000 various hatching technique parameters in meter district and carrying out Tibetan Snow Cock hatching of document record; Experimental group (second group, the 3rd group) according to height above sea level lower than 3000 meters of local climates and geographical environment, various hatching technique parameter is comprised temperature, humidity etc. done suitable adjustment and carry out Tibetan Snow Cock hatching, its artificial incubation rate and strong young rate results of comparison as shown in table 1:

Table 1:2009 artificial incubation rate and strong young rate results of comparison

In April, 2010, control group and experimental group repeat artificial incubation in 2009 experiment, and its artificial incubation rate is as shown in table 2 with strong young rate results of comparison:

Table 2:2010 artificial incubation rate and strong young rate results of comparison

In April, 2011, control group and experimental group respectively enter to incubate 30 pieces, Tibetan Snow Cock egg, all utilize the various hatching technique parameter of Part of Qinghai Plateau environment to comprise temperature, humidity etc. and carry out Tibetan Snow Cock hatching, wherein oxygen deprivation gas in control group (first group) hatch machine, increase oxygen in experimental group (second group, the 3rd group) hatch machine to hatch, its artificial incubation rate is as shown in table 3 with strong young rate results of comparison:

Table 3:2011 artificial incubation rate and strong young rate results of comparison

In April, 2012, seminar repeats the experiment of 2010, and its artificial incubation rate is as shown in table 4 with strong young rate results of comparison:

Table 4:2012 artificial incubation rate and strong young rate results of comparison

Can be found out by table 1 and table 2 twice experimental result, the various parameters indiscriminately imitating high altitude localities in low altitude area carry out artificial incubation Tibetan Snow Cock, and its incubation rate is minimum, only less than 50%.Table 3 and table 4 twice experimental result are comprehensively contrasted, and experimental group is 18-25 DEG C in room temperature, and incubation temperature is 37-37.5 DEG C, relative moisture is 25-30%, and when increasing oxygen in hatch machine, Tibetan Snow Cock hatching is more, incubation rate is higher, can reach more than 80%; Strong young rate can reach more than 90%.

2, the contrast of survival rate result is cultivated

In December ,-2010 in August, 2009, seminar researcher at twice, each three groups Tibetan Snow Cock is brooded repeat experiment, wherein control group (first group) is brooded indoor oxygen deprivation gas, and the de-temperature time is carry out experiment of brooding in 40 days; Experimental group (second group) is brooded indoor oxygen deprivation gas, and the de-temperature time is 30 days, and experimental group (the 3rd group) is brooded indoor increasing oxygen, and the de-temperature time is test for 40 days, and Brooding Viability results of comparison is as shown in table 5, table 6:

Table 5:2009 Brooding Viability results of comparison

Table 6:2010 Brooding Viability results of comparison

The results show, de-warm number of days is 40 days, and brood time is 30 days, and in indoor another oxygen of brooding, ostrich chicks physique is better, and more easily adapt to high altitude environment and weather, Brooding Viability is higher, can reach more than 90%.

2010-2012, researcher carries out the cultivation of common fowl canopy to Tibetan Snow Cock at twice and the cultivation of warming fowl canopy finishing period repeats experiment, and experiment contrast result is as shown in table 7, table 8:

Table 7:2011 cultivates survival rate results of comparison

Table 8:2012 cultivates survival rate results of comparison

His-and-hers watches 7 and table 8 carry out global alignment and can find out, adopt warming fowl canopy to cultivate, Tibetan Snow Cock survival rate can reach about 85%, apparently higher than common fowl canopy cultivation survival rate.Because Tibetan Snow Cock generally can not produce epidemic disease, between brood time, Tibetan Snow Cock death is natural death, and rainy day or temperature fall suddenly, easily occurs flocking together and steps on crowded situation, cause death.But, on the basis carrying out the work such as daily sterilization, immunity, should note keeping farming site dry, open, prevent the wet and slippery Tibetan Snow Cock tumble injury situation that causes from occurring, also should note the common diseases such as prevention and control pullorum disease.

The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art; under the premise of not departing from the present invention; the some improvement can also made the present invention and supplement, these improve and supplement, also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. Tibetan Snow Cock artificial breeding method under high altitude environment, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:

S1 utilizes family chicken " generation incubates technology ", obtains early stage young Tibetan Snow Cock;

S2 simulates and improves production environment, improve kind of a Tibetan Snow Cock fertilization rate, according to the particular surroundings of high altitude localities, Tibetan Snow Cock incubation temperature and humidity, brooding temperature and humidity are adjusted respectively, and guarantee that place is dry, cultivation temperature pleasant, reduces cultivation density, increase kind of Tibetan Snow Cock feed intake and amount of drinking water, improve kind of a bird fertilization rate;

The Tibetan Snow Cock hatch machine of S3 design specialized, wets in hatch machine in the temperature automatically controlled control of existing micro computer, adds super-silent oxygen supply pump, oxygen content detector, and improves the size of incubation plate;

S4 works out Tibetan Snow Cock artificial incubation technique flow process, comprising:

The collection of S401 kind egg and storage, planting egg must from excellent, healthy flock of birds, when selecting kind of egg, first the kind egg that shell egg, husky shell egg, sheetmetal egg and shape are not accordant to the old routine is chosen, more than 24 hours will be stored to the kind egg of firm output, the temperature of preserving is 13-15 DEG C, the relatively suitable humidity of conserving species egg is 70%-80%, notes the ventilation of storeroom, when planting egg preservation, greatly upside down, 1 time should be stirred every day;

S402 carries out the disinfecting of kind of egg;

S403 controls incubation temperature, and room temperature, when 18-25 DEG C, adopts constant temperature method incubation temperature to control at 37.5 DEG C, and plants egg and by large, medium and small or heavy, medium and light three class, can carry out extension set hatching, to improve incubation rate and strong young rate;

S404 hatching management, when entering to incubate, make Tibetan Snow Cock ovum large head-up, to distinguish batch according to storage period, laying period, conscientiously record, can not mix and incubate; Want egg-turning in hatching process, every 3-4 hour egg-turning once, egg-turning angle is 90 °-110 °;

S5 works out the Tibetan Snow Cock artificial culture technology flow process of specification, comprising:

S501 breeding environment is selected, and selects suitable growing environment, carries out subfield raising, and arrange shading shed on every hurdle in feed lot;

S502 nestling is raised, and nestling opened food after initial 2-3 days, opens food feeding brood time concentrated feed, constantly flogs rearing tray and fiddle with feed, draw it and search for food, until 4-6 days, till nestling takes food naturally by finger; In the concentrated feed of 4-6 days, increase vegetables, in drinking-water, add vitamin;

In S503, bird is become to raise, when Tibetan Snow Cock grew to for 1 monthly age, change finishing period concentrated feed into, finishing period is transitioned into from brood time, carry out feed more to change jobs, be specially the 1st week after de-temperature and still feed brood time concentrated feed, second week 2/3 brood time concentrated feed adds 1/3 finishing period concentrated feed, within 3rd week, add 2/3 finishing period concentrated feed with 1/3 brood time fine fodder, from 4th week, all use finishing period concentrated feed; And along with the increase of Tibetan Snow Cock age in days, absorb coarse-fibred ability and strengthen gradually, allow its green forage of searching for food, the scale of feeding of restriction concentrate mixture;

S504 carries out regular sterilization and epidemic prevention;

S6 is bred as and gathers.

2. Tibetan Snow Cock artificial breeding method under high altitude environment according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the concrete mode of described step S1 is:

S101 selects the kind Tibetan Snow Cock with good gene to lay eggs, and utilizes family chicken " generation incubates technology " continuous seepage three generations Tibetan Snow Cock;

The young Tibetan Snow Cock obtained is put in a suitable place to breed separately by S102, reduces accusing each other between Tibetan Snow Cock, makes the wilder Tibetan Snow Cock of its disposition more heater element.

3. Tibetan Snow Cock artificial breeding method under high altitude environment according to claim 2, is characterized in that, when putting young Tibetan Snow Cock in a suitable place to breed in described S102, it is 1 young Tibetan Snow Cock every square metre that cultivation density ensures.

4. Tibetan Snow Cock artificial breeding method under high altitude environment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step S2, incubation temperature improves 0.5 DEG C-1 DEG C, hatching relative moisture improves 3%-5%, brooding temperature improves 2 DEG C-3 DEG C, relative moisture of brooding improves 2%-3%, and brood time extends 7-10 days.

5. Tibetan Snow Cock artificial breeding method under high altitude environment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, incubation plate volume after improving in described step S3 is 1350 × 105 × 1200mm, oxygen supply pump noise is no more than 45 decibels, going out oxygen amount is 3.0L/min, and in hatch machine, oxygen content in air remains on 21%-22%.

6. Tibetan Snow Cock artificial breeding method under high altitude environment according to claim 1, is characterized in that, if storage life was more than 7 days in described step S401, needs to reduce temperature and preserves.

7. Tibetan Snow Cock artificial breeding method under high altitude environment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the concrete mode of the disinfecting of described step S402 kind egg is wipe ovum storeroom floor once with thimerosal in every 2 days, the cleaning comprehensively every 2 weeks, sterilization, and fumigate with formalin solution, after Tibetan Snow Cock is laid eggs, ovum is sent into hatching house's sterilization, every cubic metre, disinfectant formalin 42mL, potassium permanganate 21g, stifling 30 minutes, before entering to incubate, the disinfectant not exceeding 40 DEG C by temperature soaks 20-30 minute, then dry kind of egg with the dry gauze of sterilizing can enter to incubate, Ru Fuhou hatching house dragged wiping once every 2 days with disinfectant in floor, wall, the every two weeks disinfectant of ceiling sprays once, within one month, carry out cleaning comprehensively once, before each hatching, the disinfectant wiping one time of inside and outside hatch machine and surface, and use formalin fumigation.

8. Tibetan Snow Cock artificial breeding method under high altitude environment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step S403, incubation condition is specially hatching in early stage humid control at 25%-30%, proceed to young-generating machine humidity relatively to improve, ensure that relative moisture is 40%-45%, embryonic development needs ozone and sufficient oxygen, regular ventilation, especially later stage heat production is more, needs cooling egg.

9. Tibetan Snow Cock artificial breeding method under high altitude environment according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step S502, the drinking-water of nestling has color, and such nestling can initiatively drink water.

10. Tibetan Snow Cock artificial breeding method under high altitude environment according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described concentrated feed proportioning is by weight:

The brood time concentrated feed of 1-3 monthly age nestling, corn 56 parts, 6 parts, highland barley, dregs of beans 12 parts, 3 parts, wheat bran, fish meal 6 parts, alfalfa meal 10 parts, salt 0.4 part, calcium bicarbonate 1.8 parts, conch meal 0.8 part, bone meal 3 parts, methionine 0.4 part, lysine 0.4 part, multivitamin 0.1 part, trace element 0.1 part;

3 the monthly age above nestling finishing period concentrated feed, corn 46 parts, 6 parts, highland barley, dregs of beans 8 parts, 10 parts, wheat bran, fish meal 4 parts, alfalfa meal 20 parts, salt 0.4 part, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 2 parts, conch meal 0.5 part, bone meal 2.5 parts, methionine 0.2 part, lysine 0.2 part, multivitamin 0.1 part, trace element 0.1 part;

Laying period concentrated feed, corn 54 parts, dregs of beans 9 parts, 2 parts, wheat bran, fish meal 5 parts, alfalfa meal 20 parts, salt 0.4 part, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 2 parts, conch meal 0.6 part, bone meal 3.3 parts, methionine 0.25 part, lysine 0.25 part, multidimensional 0.1 part, trace element 0.1 part.