CN107211946B - Method for breeding green sea turtles - Google Patents
Method for breeding green sea turtles Download PDFInfo
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- CN107211946B CN107211946B CN201710393961.7A CN201710393961A CN107211946B CN 107211946 B CN107211946 B CN 107211946B CN 201710393961 A CN201710393961 A CN 201710393961A CN 107211946 B CN107211946 B CN 107211946B
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding green sea turtles, which comprises the following steps: step one, arranging a culture pond; step two, respectively putting the sterilized green sea turtles into each culture space in the culture net cage, feeding the first material in the morning and feeding the second material in the afternoon; removing clamping plates and inserting plates in odd rows and odd columns of the cultivation net cage to increase the volume of the cultivation space by 4 times; step four, feeding the erythromycin tablets to the green sea turtles once every 2 days, feeding the radix isatidis once every 5 days, carrying out insolation to the green sea turtles once every 10 days, carrying out fresh water bath for 45min after insolation, and injecting chloramphenicol to the green sea turtles once every month. The green sea turtle breeding cage can adjust and improve the food structure of the green sea turtles, the green sea turtles are bred in the pens by dividing the breeding cage into a plurality of independent breeding spaces, the disease resistance of the green sea turtles is improved, the death rate of the green sea turtles in the young turtle period is reduced, and the green sea turtles are suitable for large-scale breeding.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of aquaculture. More particularly, the invention relates to a method for breeding green sea turtles.
Background
The green sea turtle is a secondary protection animal in China, and the survival rate of the young sea turtle is very low under natural conditions, so that artificial breeding is one of the ways for proliferating the green sea turtle resource. The small individual of the young turtles, at least fat and other substances stored in the bodies, have poor adaptability to the environment, are easy to cause malnutrition in the breeding process of the young turtles, cause the hypofunction of organs such as livers and the like, and are easy to cause infection when the young turtles are mutually bitten during high-density breeding, thereby causing the problem of high mortality rate.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages described later.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method for breeding green sea turtles, which can adjust and improve the food structure of the green sea turtles, and raise the disease resistance of the green sea turtles by dividing the breeding cages into a plurality of independent breeding spaces, and reduce the death rate of the young sea turtles, and is suitable for large-scale breeding.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for breeding green sea turtles, comprising:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, arranging a culture pond, wherein a water outlet is formed in the lower portion of the culture pond, a water inlet is formed in the upper portion of the culture pond, a sediment layer with the thickness of 2-10 cm is formed in the bottom of the culture pond, a slope is formed in one side of the culture pond, a green belt with shrubs is arranged on the land on the bank of the slope, the sediment layer with the thickness of 2-10 cm is arranged on the green belt, a plurality of feeding points are arranged on the other side of the culture pond, a plurality of culture net cages are put in the culture pond, a waterproof motor is arranged at the top of each culture net cage, each culture net cage comprises a hollow box body with one open side, a telescopic culture drawer is arranged inside each box body, each culture drawer comprises a plate body and a door body which are hinged to each other, a plurality of parallel sliding grooves are formed in the upper surface of each plate body along the pulling direction, a clamping, The plurality of the inserting plates form a plurality of rows and columns of culture spaces, and each culture space is 10cm multiplied by 10 cm;
step two, introducing seawater with DO not less than 3ppm, pH 8-9 and salinity of 1.02 into the culture pond through the water inlet, controlling the water temperature to be 28 ℃, changing water once every morning and afternoon, respectively putting the sterilized green sea turtles into each culture space in the culture net cage, putting one culture space with the putting density, putting tilapia, snakehead and eel with the quantity ratio of 2:2:1 into the space between the culture pond and the culture net cage, taking all fishes out before draining the pond water through the water outlet, taking out each culture drawer from the culture net cage after draining the pond water, placing the culture drawers on a silt layer of the culture pond, feeding food at feeding points in batches, feeding the first material in the morning, feeding the second material in the afternoon, keeping the food for no more than 1 hour each time, resetting each culture drawer, irrigating the pond to the empty net cage, putting the fishes again, and resting for 1 hour after feeding, then the waterproof motor drives the aquaculture net cage to do circular motion in the aquaculture pond, the operation is kept for 1 hour, the operation is carried out for 0.5 hour, and the operation is repeated for 2 times;
the first material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8 parts of asparagus, 8 parts of gulfweed, 8 parts of laver, 3 parts of pine needle powder, 3 parts of mint leaves, 3 parts of water hyacinth, 1 part of protein powder, 1 part of vitamin, 2 parts of rapeseed, 2 parts of peanut meal, 8 parts of snail and 8 parts of shrimp;
the second material comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 8 parts of asparagus, 8 parts of gulfweed, 8 parts of kelp, 4 parts of beer yeast, 4 parts of houttuynia cordata, 4 parts of clove leaves, 1 part of fish oil, 1 part of soybean lecithin, 1 part of vitamin, 4 parts of earthworm and 15 parts of fresh fish blocks;
thirdly, when the green sea turtles are cultured until the average body length is increased to 10cm, removing the clamping plates and the inserting plates in the odd rows and the odd columns of the culturing net cage to increase the volume of the culturing space by 4 times, when the green sea turtles are cultured until the average body length is increased to 20cm, removing the clamping plates and the inserting plates in the odd rows and the odd columns of the culturing net cage again to increase the volume of the culturing space by 4 times, and when the green sea turtles are cultured until the average body length is increased to 40cm, removing the clamping plates and the inserting plates in the odd rows and the odd columns of the culturing box to increase the volume of the culturing space by 4 times;
step four, feeding the erythromycin tablets to the green sea turtles once every 2 days, feeding the radix isatidis once every 5 days, carrying out insolation to the green sea turtles once every 10 days, carrying out fresh water bath for 45min after insolation, and injecting chloramphenicol to the green sea turtles once every month.
Preferably, the method for breeding the green sea turtles comprises the steps of mixing the aloe juice and the pumpkin juice in a mass ratio of 1:1, adding 1wt.% of EM microbial inoculum and quicklime of the mixture, stirring to obtain a liquid medicine, drying the water in the breeding pond every 10 days when the green sea turtles are exposed to the sun, smearing the liquid medicine on the inner walls of the breeding pond, and exposing the liquid medicine for 1 hour.
Preferably, in the method for cultivating the green sea turtles, the water level in the cultivation pond is 20-40 cm.
Preferably, in the method for cultivating the green sea turtles, the relative humidity of the silt layer on the green belt is 15-25%.
Preferably, the method for breeding the green sea turtles comprises the steps of mixing the aloe juice and the pumpkin juice in a mass ratio of 1:1, adding 15wt.% of rose geranium oil, orange flower oil and mint oil of the mixture, stirring to obtain a protective liquid, and smearing the green sea turtles on the shells of the green sea turtles when the green sea turtles are exposed to the sun.
Preferably, in the method for cultivating the green sea turtles, the diameter of the meshes of the cultivation drawer is not more than 2 cm.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
firstly, the culture pond is arranged into a simulated sea environment with a spawning platform, the interior of the culture net cage is divided into a plurality of culture spaces, the green sea turtles are placed in the independent culture spaces, the biting of the green sea turtles and the individual observation and isolation are avoided, the green sea turtles are prevented from being damaged by aquatic insects such as leeches and the like through the throwing of the tilapia, the snakeheads and the eel, the attack and the monopoly of the eel are avoided, the first material and the second material are rich in seaweed, trace elements, calcium, protein and the like, the green sea turtles are saturated through multiple feeding, the culture net cage makes circular motion in the culture pond, the muscle of four limbs of the green sea turtles is exercised, when the body length of the green sea turtles is gradually increased, the clamping plates and the inserting plates are removed, the volume of the culture spaces of the green sea turtles is increased, and the erythromycin tablets and the isatis are fed, and the exposure and the chloramphenicol;
and secondly, liquid medicine obtained by mixing aloe juice, pumpkin juice, EM microbial inoculum and quick lime is smeared on the inner wall of the culture pond and then is exposed to the sun, the effects of expelling insects and improving water quality are achieved, the water level in the culture pond is arranged to be higher than that of the culture net cage, the green sea turtles adapt to the marine environment, the relative humidity of a sediment layer is suitable for the green sea turtles to rest and lay eggs, protective liquid obtained by mixing the aloe juice, the pumpkin juice, rose leaf oil, orange flower oil and peppermint oil is smeared on the shells, a fragrant atmosphere is created, meanwhile, the effects of expelling leeches and inhibiting leeches are achieved, and the mesh diameter of the culture drawer is set to prevent the heads and claws of the green sea turtles from extending out of the net cage.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cultivation drawer according to a scheme;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another scheme of a cultivation drawer;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another scheme of a cultivation drawer.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.
It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
It is to be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and materials, if not otherwise specified, are commercially available; in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "disposed" are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, disposed, detachably connected, disposed, or integrally connected and disposed. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art. The terms "lateral," "longitudinal," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention.
< example 1>
A method for breeding green sea turtles comprises the following steps:
step one, as shown in figures 1 to 3, a culture pond is arranged, a water outlet is arranged at the lower part of the culture pond, a water inlet is arranged at the upper part of the culture pond, a sediment layer with the thickness of 2-10 cm is arranged at the bottom of the culture pond, a slope is arranged at one side of the culture pond, a green belt planted with shrubs is arranged on the land on the bank of the slope, the sediment layer with the thickness of 2-10 cm is arranged on the green belt, a plurality of feeding points are arranged at the other side of the culture pond, a plurality of culture net cages are put in the culture pond, a waterproof motor is arranged at the top of each culture net cage, each culture net cage comprises a hollow box body with one open side, a drawable culture drawer is arranged in each box body, each culture drawer comprises a plate body 1 and a door body 2 which are hinged with each other, a plurality of parallel sliding grooves 3 are arranged on the upper surface of the plate body 1 along the drawing direction, a clamping plate 4 is, the plurality of clamping plates 4 and the plurality of inserting plates 5 form a plurality of rows and columns of culture spaces, and each culture space is 10cm multiplied by 10 cm;
step two, introducing seawater with DO not less than 3ppm, pH 8-9 and salinity of 1.02 into the culture pond through the water inlet, controlling the water temperature to be 28 ℃, changing water once every morning and afternoon, respectively putting the sterilized green sea turtles into each culture space in the culture net cage, putting one culture space with the putting density, putting tilapia, snakehead and eel with the quantity ratio of 2:2:1 into the space between the culture pond and the culture net cage, taking all fishes out before draining the pond water through the water outlet, taking out each culture drawer from the culture net cage after draining the pond water, placing the culture drawers on a silt layer of the culture pond, feeding food at feeding points in batches, feeding the first material in the morning, feeding the second material in the afternoon, keeping the food for no more than 1 hour each time, resetting each culture drawer, irrigating the pond to the empty net cage, putting the fishes again, and resting for 1 hour after feeding, then the waterproof motor drives the aquaculture net cage to do circular motion in the aquaculture pond, the operation is kept for 1 hour, the operation is carried out for 0.5 hour, and the operation is repeated for 2 times;
the first material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8 parts of asparagus, 8 parts of gulfweed, 8 parts of laver, 3 parts of pine needle powder, 3 parts of mint leaves, 3 parts of water hyacinth, 1 part of protein powder, 1 part of vitamin, 2 parts of rapeseed, 2 parts of peanut meal, 8 parts of snail and 8 parts of shrimp;
the second material comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 8 parts of asparagus, 8 parts of gulfweed, 8 parts of kelp, 4 parts of beer yeast, 4 parts of houttuynia cordata, 4 parts of clove leaves, 1 part of fish oil, 1 part of soybean lecithin, 1 part of vitamin, 4 parts of earthworm and 15 parts of fresh fish blocks;
step three, as shown in fig. 1, when the green sea turtles are cultured until the average body length is increased to 10cm, removing the clamping plates 4 and the inserting plates 5 in the odd rows and the odd columns of the culturing net cage to increase the volume of the culturing space by 4 times, as shown in fig. 2, when the green sea turtles are cultured until the average body length is increased to 20cm, removing the clamping plates 4 and the inserting plates 5 in the odd rows and the odd columns of the culturing net cage again to increase the volume of the culturing space by 4 times, as shown in fig. 3, when the green sea turtles are cultured until the average body length is increased to 40cm, removing the clamping plates 4 and the inserting plates 5 in the odd rows and the odd columns of the culturing box to increase the volume of the culturing space by 4 times;
step four, feeding the erythromycin tablets to the green sea turtles once every 2 days, feeding the radix isatidis once every 5 days, carrying out insolation to the green sea turtles once every 10 days, carrying out fresh water bath for 45min after insolation, and injecting chloramphenicol to the green sea turtles once every month.
Wherein, aloe juice and pumpkin juice with the mass ratio of 1:1 are mixed, 1wt.% of EM microbial inoculum and quicklime of the mixture are added, the mixture is stirred to obtain liquid medicine, the water in the culture pond is drained every 10 days when the green sea turtles are exposed, and the liquid medicine is smeared on the inner wall of the culture pond and exposed for 1 h.
Wherein the water level in the culture pond is 20-40 cm.
Wherein the relative humidity of the silt layer on the green belt is 15-25%.
Wherein, aloe juice and pumpkin juice with the mass ratio of 1:1 are mixed, 15wt.% of rose geranium oil, orange flower oil and peppermint oil of the mixture are added, the mixture is stirred to obtain protective liquid, and the green sea turtle is smeared on the turtle shell of the green sea turtle when exposed to the sun.
Wherein, the diameter of the mesh of the cultivation drawer is not more than 2 cm.
< comparative example 1>
The cultivation method is the same as that of example 1, except that the seaweed is mainly fed, and the first material and the second material are not fed.
< comparative example 2>
The cultivation method is the same as that of example 1, except that the first and second materials are not fed to marine animals such as fish and shrimp.
< comparative example 3>
The breeding method is the same as the embodiment 1, except that the breeding net cages are not adopted for breeding, the breeding net cages are directly put into the breeding pond for breeding, and the fishes are not put into the breeding pond.
< comparative example 4>
The conventional culture method comprises feeding conventional marine product bait without culture net cage twice a day, periodically feeding erythromycin tablet and radix Isatidis, insolating, injecting chloramphenicol, periodically sterilizing the pond body and seawater, and taking the same preventive measures.
The test was carried out in the coastal culture pond of iron mountain harbor in northern sea city of Guangxi province. The culture pond has a specification of 6m × 1.5m × 1m, seawater is directly extracted from sea, preferably seawater of climax is used, and the seawater can be placed into the pond after sand filtration and precipitation. Young turtles with the body length of about 5cm are thrown into the culture pond and disinfected by potassium permanganate solution before entering water.
The method comprises the steps of putting 25 green turtles in each group, and marking the turtle shells in groups to distinguish the breeding modes. The statistical method of the incidence rate comprises the following steps: the disease incidence of a single green sea turtle in the culture period is only counted for 1 time, and the disease is mainly counted as parasitic diseases (leeches and worms), trauma and bacterial skin ulceration. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the growth of the young turtles in example 1 is obviously faster than that of comparative examples 1 and 2, which shows that the matching of the first material and the second material of the present invention is superior, and the healthy growth of the young turtles can be promoted.
According to table 1, the incidence of the young turtles in the embodiment 1 is obviously lower than that in the comparative example 3, the survival rate is obviously higher than that in the comparative example 3, which shows that the aquaculture net cage can ensure enough activity space of the young turtles and avoid the problem of bite, and the comparative example 3 is easy to cause the problem of bite in the aquaculture pond.
The number of apparatuses and the scale of the process described herein are intended to simplify the description of the present invention. Applications, modifications and variations of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (1)
1. A method for breeding green sea turtles is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, arranging a culture pond, wherein a water outlet is formed in the lower portion of the culture pond, a water inlet is formed in the upper portion of the culture pond, a silt layer with the thickness of 2-10 cm is formed in the bottom of the culture pond, a slope is formed in one side of the culture pond, a green belt with shrubs is arranged on the land on the bank of the slope, the silt layer with the thickness of 2-10 cm is arranged on the green belt, a plurality of feeding points are arranged on the other side of the culture pond, a plurality of culture net cages are put in the culture pond, a waterproof motor is arranged at the tops of the culture net cages, each culture net cage comprises a hollow box body with one open side, a telescopic culture drawer is arranged inside each box body, each culture drawer comprises a plate body and a door body which are hinged to each other, a plurality of parallel sliding grooves are formed in the upper surface of each plate body along the drawing direction, a clamping plate is, The plurality of the inserting plates form a plurality of rows and columns of culture spaces, and each culture space is 10cm multiplied by 10 cm;
step two, introducing seawater with DO not less than 3ppm, pH 8-9 and salinity of 1.02 into the culture pond through the water inlet, controlling the water temperature to be 28 ℃, changing water once every morning and afternoon, respectively putting the sterilized green sea turtles into each culture space in the culture net cage, putting one culture space with the putting density, putting tilapia, snakehead and eel with the quantity ratio of 2:2:1 into the space between the culture pond and the culture net cage, taking all fishes out before draining the pond water through the water outlet, taking out each culture drawer from the culture net cage after draining the pond water, placing the culture drawers on a silt layer of the culture pond, feeding the tilapia, snakehead and eel in batches to feed food at a feeding point, feeding the first material in the morning, feeding the second material in the afternoon, feeding the pond water for not more than 1 hour each time, resetting each culture drawer, irrigating the culture drawers to the net cage, putting the fishes again, feeding the fishes for 1 hour after rest, then the waterproof motor drives the aquaculture net cage to do circular motion in the aquaculture pond, the operation is kept for 1 hour, the operation is carried out for 0.5 hour, and the operation is repeated for 2 times;
the first material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8 parts of asparagus, 8 parts of gulfweed, 8 parts of laver, 3 parts of pine needle powder, 3 parts of mint leaves, 3 parts of water hyacinth, 1 part of protein powder, 1 part of vitamin, 2 parts of rapeseed, 2 parts of peanut meal, 8 parts of snail and 8 parts of shrimp;
the second material comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 8 parts of asparagus, 8 parts of gulfweed, 8 parts of kelp, 4 parts of beer yeast, 4 parts of houttuynia cordata, 4 parts of clove leaves, 1 part of fish oil, 1 part of soybean lecithin, 1 part of vitamin, 4 parts of earthworm and 15 parts of fresh fish blocks;
thirdly, when the green sea turtles are cultured until the average body length is increased to 10cm, removing the clamping plates and the inserting plates in the odd rows and the odd columns of the culturing net cage to increase the volume of the culturing space by 4 times, when the green sea turtles are cultured until the average body length is increased to 20cm, removing the clamping plates and the inserting plates in the odd rows and the odd columns of the culturing net cage again to increase the volume of the culturing space by 4 times, and when the green sea turtles are cultured until the average body length is increased to 40cm, removing the clamping plates and the inserting plates in the odd rows and the odd columns of the culturing box to increase the volume of the culturing space by 4 times;
feeding erythromycin tablets to the green sea turtles once every 2 days, feeding radix isatidis once every 5 days, insolating the green sea turtles once every 10 days, carrying out fresh water bath for 45min after insolation, and injecting chloramphenicol to the green sea turtles once every month;
mixing aloe juice and pumpkin juice in a mass ratio of 1:1, adding 1wt.% of EM microbial inoculum and quicklime of the mixture, stirring to obtain liquid medicine, drying pond water in a cultivation pond every 10 days when the green sea turtles are exposed to the sun, smearing the liquid medicine on the inner wall of the cultivation pond, and exposing the liquid medicine for 1 hour;
the water level in the culture pond is 20-40 cm;
the relative humidity of a silt layer on the green belt is 15-25%;
mixing aloe juice and pumpkin juice at a mass ratio of 1:1, adding 15wt.% of rose-geranium oil, orange flower oil and peppermint oil of the mixture, stirring to obtain a protective liquid, and coating the green sea turtles on the shells of the green sea turtles when the green sea turtles are exposed to the sun;
the diameter of the mesh of the cultivation drawer is not more than 2 cm.
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| CN113080139B (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2022-06-17 | 广东惠东海龟国家级自然保护区管理局 | Overwintering environment building and regulating method for artificial breeding of green sea turtles |
| CN113303281B (en) * | 2021-06-01 | 2022-04-01 | 广东省科学院动物研究所 | Artificial breeding and feeding device and method for green sea turtles with landscape and face-beautifying effects |
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| US5201280A (en) * | 1989-06-06 | 1993-04-13 | Reproductive Sciences, Inc. | Method for preferential production of female turtles, lizards, and crocodiles |
| CN101507421B (en) * | 2009-03-25 | 2012-06-27 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Carnivorous fish high success-ratio cultivation method and feeding device according different standard |
| CN101574066A (en) * | 2009-06-09 | 2009-11-11 | 成立 | Separation type aquaculture tank |
| CN102144612B (en) * | 2011-05-12 | 2012-07-04 | 广东省昆虫研究所 | Bionic breeding method of platysternon megacephalum |
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| CN104381204A (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2015-03-04 | 玉莉带 | Artificial indoor feeding method for Asian yellow pond turtles in south |
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