CN103960187B - A kind of indoor circulating water stereo cultivation big specification crab and the method for soft crab - Google Patents
A kind of indoor circulating water stereo cultivation big specification crab and the method for soft crab Download PDFInfo
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- CN103960187B CN103960187B CN201410208167.7A CN201410208167A CN103960187B CN 103960187 B CN103960187 B CN 103960187B CN 201410208167 A CN201410208167 A CN 201410208167A CN 103960187 B CN103960187 B CN 103960187B
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of method of indoor circulating water stereo cultivation big specification crab and soft crab belongs to aquaculture field, and it includes ecologic breeding equipment and cultural method.It cultivates according to the growth characteristics Ecology of crab.By bottom interlayer micro-pore oxygenation, box for breeding can ensure that saturated dissolved oxygen supplies, both met crab fast-growth needs, and solved again the sick problem of crab；Aquaculture constant temperature machine is that crab growth arranges an optimal temperature, and reduces the speed that effective accumulated temperature increases；At any time the composition of cultivation water can be adjusted, it is ensured that crab shell needs；Allowing crab live separate room, crab survival rate can be made to more than 95%, reduce the expense purchasing Eriocheir sinensis kind, the rate of recapture ensures 100%；Agreeable to the taste bait, turns waste into wealth, and meat and vegetables collocation is the most nutritious the most economical；No longer see to have a meal in sky, can produce in the four seasons, it is ensured that stable and high yields, efficiently；Invest relatively big at first glance, but see the benefit that can obtain decades of times higher than other breeding way for a long time；Can be additionally used in crab breeding and seedling.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to aquaculture, a kind of indoor circulating water stereo cultivation big specification crab and the method for soft crab.
Technical background:
Crab formal name used at school Eriocheir sinensis, popular name Eriocheir sinensis, eriocheir sinensis, clear water Eriocheir sinensis, steamed crab etc., belong to Arthropoda Crustacea animal.Crab fine and tender taste is delicious, nutritious, and existing edibility has again medical value, is deeply loved by the public.
It is known that the specification of steamed crab is different, price just differs greatly.It is reported, every crab sale price yuan more than 10 500 grams less than 100 grammes per square metres；The male Eriocheir sinensis of every 200 grammes per square metres and female Eriocheir sinensis of every 150 grammes per square metres go out lake valency every 500 grams between 140 yuan to 160 yuan, fluctuation is little；Every superfine big size lock Eriocheir sinensis more than more than 250 grams, goes out lake valency 260 yuan/500 grams, also can rise；And unexpectedly sell 30,000 yuan of high prices after the Yangcheng Lake steamed crab Eriocheir sinensis of the Yangcheng Lake steamed crab Eriocheir sinensis king of net weight in 2010 460 grams (Eriocheir sinensis height 10.3cm, wide 9.6cm, total lengths 47.3cm) and net weight 350 grams (Eriocheir sinensis height 9.2cm, wide 8.7cm, total length 43.2cm)；After Jiangxia Liangzi Lake steamed crab Eriocheir sinensis Wang Chong in 2005 455 grams, Eriocheir sinensis, weight 302 grams takes 5.4 ten thousand yuan, and after Eriocheir sinensis Wang Chong in 2008 500 grams, Eriocheir sinensis, weight 350 grams takes 10.8 ten thousand yuan of high prices.Therefore, the culture benefit that obtain, it is crucial for improving forming of high-quality big specification crab.
Crab grows in fresh water, breeds in sea water or brackish water.The life-span of crab is in theory up to 3～4 years, but crab only one of which reproductive cycle in all one's life, and breeding end lives also just terminates.Experience the stages such as zoea, megalops larva (juvenile crab), young Eriocheir sinensis (pea crab), children Eriocheir sinensis (young Eriocheir sinensis), Eriocheir sinensis kind (button Eriocheir sinensis), yellow Eriocheir sinensis, green Eriocheir sinensis, ovigerous crab all one's life of crab successively.The growth course of crab is accompanied by casting off a skin and carries out, cast off a skin and also cry shelling, crab often shells once with regard to metamorphosis once, shell each time its body is long, body weight all makees the most rapid increase, zoea needs to cast off a skin for 5 times to become megalops larva, after the young Eriocheir sinensis of body weight 6～7 milligrams gradually rises to the big Eriocheir sinensis of 250g or even the Eriocheir sinensis king Eriocheir sinensis of 500 grams through casting off a skin for 13～15 times again, and often sloughing off a shell crab is all to tide over high point of once surviving, because just having sloughed off the Eriocheir sinensis of shell just like a soft meat (we cry its soft crab), no matter it is similar or natural enemy is all wanted to eat it, this is the main cause that Eriocheir sinensis survival rate is extremely low.Need to absorb large quantity of moisture during crab shell, thus quality substantially increases during shell, in growth afterwards, losing of moisture is but slowly, and is gradually replaced by tissue growth.The speed of crab growth is by environmental condition, the particularly restriction of dissolved oxygen, water temperature and bait.Generally, children's Eriocheir sinensis shell number of times is more frequent in early days, and along with constantly growth, shell gradually extends interval time, the most about at 3～20 days.If environmental condition is bad, degenerate cllipticity stops, and this is also the reason place that individuality of the same age, the at different conditions bodily form differ greatly.Crab growth is in close relations with the calcium in water body, bait, phosphorus, crab can absorb the isoionic inorganic salts of Ca, P, K in substantial amounts of water and water by gill epidermis and gastrointestinal inwall, and the ability that crab absorbs calcium ion in water body is stronger than absorbing the ability of calcium and phosphorus in mixed feed.Requiring shortly before crab shell that in shell, calcium total amount is equal with the total amount of internal calcium, the phosphorus total amount in crab body is phosphorous in shell 52.2 times simultaneously.Must take into the ratio of calcium and phosphorus, calcium chloride and biphosphate ca proportion in the mixed feed of crab is 2: 1, the growth of guarantee crab, the material demand casted off a skin.Feed-level calcium biphosphate is a kind of for supplementing poultry, the feed additive of aquatic animal calcium phosphorus nutrition, it has the features such as highly-water-soluble, high-absorbility, after increasing feed-level calcium biphosphate in water body, shell rate is higher by 50% than do not increase, and shell speed is accelerated the most accordingly.
Water environment is the place of crab existence, and in waters, the change of the factor such as temperature, salinity, pH value, illumination, dissolved oxygen directly affects the growth of crab, metamorphosis and breeds.Only grasp culture of Chinese mitten crab water environment mutual relation, and give meet could promote crab growth promoter, strive for high yield.
(1) temperature: crab is poikilothermal animal, To Be Protected from Heat is not afraid of cold, and suitable temperature range is at-2 DEG C～28 DEG C, and body temperature depends primarily on environment water temperature, and the body temperature of usual crab is slightly above the temperature of surrounding.Water temperature can have influence on growth and the metamorphosis of crab.Under the conditions of thermophilic, temperature is high, and ingesting of crab is vigorous, and growth and abnormal speed are accelerated.Water temperature about 21 DEG C, the 1st phase zoea only needs four or five days just can be abnormal, and about 15 DEG C metamorphosis of water temperature are the slowest.Crab typically starts substantially to ingest when water temperature 10 DEG C, and when less than 10 DEG C, ingestion ability weakens.Crab can stand low temperature, and water temperature ovigerous crab under the conditions of-1～-2 DEG C can be passed the winter smoothly, and Eriocheir sinensis ovum and product Eriocheir sinensis all will not be dead.Winter, crab stopped ingesting, and is hidden in cave and survives the winter.The mate and oviposit of crab and larval metamorphosis, all have certain requirement to water temperature.As parent's Eriocheir sinensis copulation water temperature requires to reach 9～12 DEG C；Oogenesis touches raising stage water temperature and should control at 11～16 DEG C；Larval metamorphosis then needs water temperature to carry out under the conditions of 20～25 DEG C.During culture of Chinese mitten crab, water temperature has certain impact to crab shelling, and in suitable temperature range, water temperature is the highest, and shell number of times is the most, and growth is rapidly.And when water temperature is more than 28 DEG C, the shell of crab and growth will be suppressed.
(2) salinity: crab starts just to move to live fresh water from megalops larva, especially likes pure and fresh in water quality, pasture and water are luxuriant, perches and growth promoter in the lake of environment quiet.After megalops larva enters freshwater, it is desirable to the salinity of water body is the lowest more good.When crab reaches sexual maturity, parent Eriocheir sinensis is wanted migration to copulation at river mouth brackish water, lays eggs and hatch.Until zoea metamorphosis is megalops larva, salinity is had certain requirement.But different developmental phases is to salinity requirements the most difference, and the 1st phase zoea salinity requirements is higher than later a few phase zoeas, typically cannot be below 7 ‰；Starting to have declined salinity requirements from second phase germling, general salinity is down to about 5 ‰ also can be abnormal smoothly.Salinity adaptability is unfavorable to paedomorphosis, and general salinity difference is less than 3 ‰, not so will cause the large quantities of death of germling.
(3) pH value: the content of free CO2 during pH value depends primarily on water in water.In sour environment, tolerance and the ingestion ability of hypoxia condition are weakened by crab, and affect the precipitation that crab carapace is calcareous.Especially to the larval metamorphosis phase, affect formation and the shell of carapace, the growth of crab can be directly affected.PH value typically requires between 7～8, and i.e. neutral or alkalescence, during larval metamorphosis, pH value can be slightly higher, about between 7.8～8.6.
(4) illumination: the crab happiness low light level does not like high light, and genus is hidden by day and come out at night.Be hidden in daytime at the bottom of cave, pond, in stone gap or thick grass, owing to crab has the most flourishing visual organ, out can look for food in the evening by means of faint light.Parent Eriocheir sinensis copulation time less demanding to illumination, night also can carry out copulation.Fetal development is substantially at dark state in early days, but fetal development needs suitable illumination to stage, just with greater need for certain intensity of illumination when being developed to larval metamorphosis, otherwise cast off a skin affecting germling and survival rate, typically require that light impinges upon 2000～6000 luxs, along with germling age in days increases, intensity of illumination also requires that and is stepped up.In addition germling bait in early days, such as frog algae, chlorella and the vegetal bait becoming Eriocheir sinensis, is required under conditions of having illumination just can carry out photosynthesis, carries out growth and breeding.
(5) dissolved oxygen: the CO2 in the oxygen being dissolved in the water and blood is carried out gas exchange with the gill and completes to breathe by crab, and dissolved oxygen in water is about 8 mg/litre, it is impossible to less than 4 mg/litre, is just suitable for crab normal growth.
Causing the uneven main cause of steamed crab specification is Precocious Maturation of Chinese Mitten-handed Crab Eriocheir Sinensis, and the feature of sexual maturity crab is:
(1) seeing abdomen umbilicus: sexually matured female Eriocheir sinensis abdomen umbilicus is grown up to female crab by triangle umbilicus, the longest have close and long fine hair；Male Eriocheir sinensis abdomen umbilicus grows up to elongated mitriform, and male Eriocheir sinensis abdomen umbilicus is thickening and protrudes sternite.
(2) seeing that Eriocheir sinensis carries on the back: the back of normal Eriocheir sinensis kind is flatter, rises and falls inconspicuous, and the color at carapace back is light yellow, or be mingled with a small amount of light green in Huang, its color is more hour the lightest at Eriocheir sinensis kind individuality；And sexual maturity Eriocheir sinensis kind back is uneven, rising and falling quite obvious, back color is relatively deep, for green, the most blackish green or cyan having.
(3) appendage is seen: long in the step of sexual maturity crab have thick and long bristle, male Eriocheir sinensis foot of a chela metacarpus length has the closeest and long fine hair, this method of discrimination crab the most full ripe to gonad has higher discriminant accuracy, then cannot be carried out differentiating to being in gonad development sexual precosity crab in early days.
(4) hepatic region is seen: sexual maturity crab it can be seen that have two purple bars and have ovum grain, or has two i.e. spermaries of white chunks thing on hepatic region.
The crab major part of sexual precosity occurs in pond culture, and rarely found in natural water.The reason of formative precocity crab:
(1) overnutrition.On the one hand the nutrient substance that crab is taken in for energy expenditure, maintains normal physiological activity；The opposing party is used for accumulating, and when nutrient substance is taken in too much, just has considerable nutrient substance and transfers on gonad, accelerates the growth of gonad, forms precocious Eriocheir sinensis.Crab feeding habits are the most miscellaneous, under field conditions (factors) based on drinking water grass, humus, addiction spoil, also eating spiral shell, freshwater mussel, anthelmintic, insecticide, the most also prey on small fish, shrimp, also can cannibalism, the ovum oneself embraced of even eating during food deprivation, the most also similar food of striving can be caused because of a dead fish, generally, crab obtains plant food and comes easily, often constitutes the Main Ingredients and Appearance of Eriocheir sinensis stomach food.And bait that pond culture is thrown something and fed is the most smart, particularly early stage animal bait of throwing something and feeding is too much, and the crab animal bait making natural disposition voracious is taken in too much, and endotrophic is superfluous, causes crab sexual maturity in advance.
(2) effective accumulated temperature increases.The relation that the gonad development of crab and water temperature are proportionate, water temperature is the highest, and the metabolism of crab is the most vigorous, and gonad development is the fastest, thus precocious Eriocheir sinensis is typically in high temperature season formation.And illumination condition is inherently closely linked to temperature conditions, intense light irradiation itself also imply that lifting temperature, the most permanent light stimulation may result in the unbalance of crab internal regulatory mechanisms, owing to children Eriocheir sinensis growth major part is carried out in pond at present, pond area is little and shallow, the water temperature in the Yangtze river basin 6～August is up to 31～35 degrees Celsius, and the big water surface such as lake and reservoir, summer, water temperature was less than 30 degrees Celsius.Owing to children Eriocheir sinensis is high in trophophase water temperature, its metabolism is vigorous, and food ration is big, fast growth, but when liver nutrient storage is too much, will convert to gonad, promotes gonad development formative precocious.
(3) breeding density is improper, causes early growth too fast, and sexual maturity is in advance.
(4) stimulation of salinity, the sexual precosity of crab is affected bigger by salinity.Water salinity is higher, stimulates crab gonad development.The source of salt in water body, one is artificially to cause, and cultivating river crab typically will use fish flour, even if the imported fish meal of high-quality again, the content of salt also reaches 2%, and ropy domestic fish meal, the content of salt is up to 20～30%.Two is containing there being substantial amounts of salinity in the rock and soil on land, salt can dissolve in water, the salt being dissolved in water has been arrived in river by rain drop erosion, then river is followed to flow in the sea at leisure, again through the irradiation of sunlight, sea water is constantly evaporated so that the salt content of sea water gets more and more, and this is the source of the salt in sea water.River is the most all moving relative to sea, and, the salt content in river is the most few, and this is why not river is salty reason relative to sea water.Pond culture has intercepted the flowing of river, and its salinity is necessarily high than the river under naturalness.
(5) germ plasm resource is degenerated.Along with the expansion of crab farming scale, what interzone was introduced a fine variety increases, and south Eriocheir sinensis is moved northward, Bei Xienan moves, and adds the long-term the most more new parent of artificial propagation, causes crab variet complexity, degeneration, poor growth, and sexual maturity is in advance.
Bait is the material base needed for all living things growth promoter, for bait needed for culture of Chinese mitten crab, has a lot of experts and scholars to be studied.The mixed feed of culture of Chinese mitten crab is proposed with Erythroculter ilishaeformis powder, puffed soybean, wheat gluten, shrimp meal powder, yolk powder etc. as primary raw material.With the crab zoea larva phase mixed feed that thick protein is 45%, its product fineness is 80～250 mesh, throws something and feeds in Z1～Z5 phase germling respectively, and the ingest feces rate of rear dragging of its germling is high, abnormal neat, the time of casting off a skin is short, survival rate is high；Feeding megalops larva to V phase children Eriocheir sinensis with mixed feed (opening material) that thick protein is 42%, through the nursing of about 1 month, children Eriocheir sinensis grew soon, vivaciously healthy, and its survival rate is about 50%, and feed coefficient is about 0.8；The mixed feed gross protein value of crab mature stage is 28%～36%, and the crab individuality feeding out with this understanding is relatively big, and disease is few, and overwhelming majority raiser is the most profitable.According to the physiological characteristics of crab, form early stage proper temperature, the mixed feed of 36% thick protein can be fed；Mid-term, water temperature was higher, and crab growth phase, to slowly, can be fed the mixed feed of 28% thick protein, and combine throw something and feed some pasture and water and miscellaneous grain crops；Later stage water temperature conveniently crab grows, and now crab ingests in a large number, stocks nutrition for surviving the winter, can throw something and feed 33% mixed feed, therefore, the crab that the time of the year when autumn changes into winter fishes for is that Eriocheir sinensis fertilizer cream is yellow.
(1) protein is needed essence to be exactly to amino acid whose needs by crab, and crab could finally be transformed into Eriocheir sinensis soma after the protein digestibility obtained in feedstuff is become the micromolecular compound such as peptide, aminoacid.Essential amino acids needed for crab is substantially similar with shrimps, i.e. threonine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, tryptophan, methionine, phenylalanine, histidine, lysine and arginine 10 kinds.The applicable requirement of various essential amino acids be have not been reported by crab, and when component design referring especially to shrimps, the crab free amino acid growth result to adding is the most notable.In order to make aminoacid in mixed feed complementary, meet the needs of crab growth promoter to greatest extent, on the premise of ensureing feedstuff quality, when using raw material, use multi items raw material as far as possible, such as fish flour, various puffed soybean, yeast, bran etc..But use puffed soybean time it is noted that: although Semen arachidis hypogaeae dregs can relatively large use in feed for river crab, but be easily generated flavacin, it should be noted that keeping and quality；Containing gossypol, rapeseed meal contain the noxious substances such as sinigrin in cottonseed meal, and bitter in the mouth, the palatability for crab is poor, and therefore, the addition in feedstuff is no more than 7%.
(2) necessary energy matter during lipid is crab growth and development process, it can provide the nutrient substance such as fatty acid, cholesterol and the phospholipid needed for crab growth, also assist in the absorption of fatsoluble vitamin.In the fatty acid of crab, it is the biggest that unsaturated fatty acid accounts for total fatty acids ratio, it is about 70%～83%, and wherein polyenoic fatty acid particularly eicosapentaenoic acid [20:5 (n-3), EPA] and docosahexenoic acid [22:6 (n-3), DHA] account for again the most at high proportion.In addition the saturated fatty acid content of children Eriocheir sinensis is significantly higher than into Eriocheir sinensis, and the content of monoenoic fatty acid is substantially less than into Eriocheir sinensis, and the docosatetratenoic acid of children Eriocheir sinensis exceeds more than 2 times than the content becoming Eriocheir sinensis.Therefore, the crude fat content of germling to children's Eriocheir sinensis stage designs 6%～8%, becomes the Eriocheir sinensis stage 3%～6%.Containing multiple highly unsaturated fatty acid and some UGFs in fish oil, it it is the glyceride stock that suitably adds of feed for river crab.
(3) adding a certain amount of phospholipid in feedstuff and can improve children's survival rate of Eriocheir sinensis and acceleration is casted off a skin, addition suitable in feedstuff is 1%～1.5%.
(4) crude fibre typically can not be utilized by crab, but maintains necessary to crab health.Appropriate crude fibre can stimulate digestion the secretion of enzyme, wriggles and digest and assimilate the nutrient substance such as protein in facilitating digestion road.Suitable crude fiber content is: megalops larva is 4%～5% to children's Eriocheir sinensis phase, and mature stage is 6%～7%.
(5) crab is the fewest to the report of minerals and vitamins demand.In production practices, calcium and the content of phosphorus in mixed feed: before children's Eriocheir sinensis phase, calcium is 1.5%～2.0%, and phosphorus is 1.8%～2.5%, and calcium-phosphorus ratio is about 1: 1.2；Becoming Eriocheir sinensis phase calcium is 1.2%～2.0%, and phosphorus is 1.0%～1.8%, and calcium-phosphorus ratio is about 1: 0.9.
(6) due to shell physiology and the particular/special requirement of growth, crab is higher to the requirement of vitamin, choline and inositol.Vitamin C can participate in chitinous synthesis in crab body, makes carapace hardening normal, improves shell survival rate and the speed of growth, and can improve the resistance against diseases of crab；Vitamin D3 is to promoting that the absorption in intestinal of the calcium phosphorus and the deposition in bone base have important function.Vitamin is easily destroyed by high temperature in pelletization, and unit with good conditionsi can use spraying way.
(7) in animal and fowl fodder formula, Semen Maydis is one of raw material of consumption maximum, therefore commonly referred to as poultry material is energy feed.And crab is low to the metabolic capacity of sugar, higher to protein requirement.The ratio of dietary protein level, animality and vegetable protein all directly affects the feed intake of Eriocheir sinensis, the speed of growth and efficiency of feed utilization.Additionally, crab is the same with Fish is poikilothermal animal, body temperature changes with the change of water temperature, the waste products of protein metabolism is ammonia nitrogen, this metabolisable form is mainly carbamide and uric acid consumed energy much less, therefore, the substantially protein that crab utilizes than poultry metabolic waste, being albumen feedstuff also known as crab material, this has bigger difference with animal and fowl fodder.Crab digestive organs are simple and short, and digestive tract length is more much smaller than poultry with the ratio of body length.Digestive gland is undeveloped, and various digestive enzyme are the highest because of body temperature low activity, and in intestinal, bacterial species and the quantity of Digestion are the most less, and food residence time in digestive tract is significantly shorter than poultry.Therefore, in feed manufacturing, Eriocheir sinensis feedstuff requires have thinner grinding particle size, it is generally the case that the material fineness of common fish meal requires all by 40 mesh, and Eriocheir sinensis feedstuff then requires 95% above by 80 mesh.Thinner grinding particle size is conducive to improving crab and digests and assimilates nutrient substance, is also beneficial to improve mixing uniformity and the grain forming rate of feedstuff, improves feed granules stability in water.
(8) crab ingests and eats food into chewing type, embraces food, utilizes two big chelas to be made a gift to someone by mixed feed in masticatory apparatus and grinds, the most just enter in the mouth, it is therefore desirable to river crab compound feed in water, leach the time must be at more than 12h.Reach suitable water stability, following measures can be taked: 1. increase the consumption of starch-containing many raw material such as wheat-middlings, Semen Tritici aestivi etc., pelletization produces after starch gelatinization viscosity, thus 2. the water stability increasing feedstuff adds the adhesive specially of non-nutritive, currently used most be high polymer class binding agent, such as many uramits, but this binding agent is with the most toxic after many, will add by ormal weight and 3. use rational processing technique.Crab material needs higher gelatinization degree and water stability, to this end, one is the compression ratio of enlarged link mould, can be more than 20, and such raw material crushing strength in ring mould increases, and the agent pressure time is longer, can improve granule stability in water.Two be use 3 grades of quality-adjusting devices, refining temperature more than 90 DEG C, the most quenched starch gelatinization that makes, protein denaturation, improve digestibility and the resistance to water of feedstuff.It addition, post curing technique can be used, allowing the hot granule of firm depanning continue for some time under hot and humid, make the further gelatinizing of starch, pellet is incubated 12min in post curing device, and gelatinized corn starch rate can be brought up to 53% by 33.3%.Pellet through post curing can improve resistance to water.
Waterweed is commonly called as " eating unbeaten ", originates in America, is the submerged plant of a kind of high-quality, fast-growing, high yield.Waterweed has fresh, tender, crisp feature, is the excellent natural bait of crab.Waterweed nutritious, dry accounts for 8.23%, and crude protein is 2.1%, and crude fat is 0.19%, and nitrogen-free extract is 2.53%, and cinder is divided into 1.52%, and crude fibre is 1.9%.Rich in vitamin C, vitamin E and vitamin B12 etc. in its stem and leaf and root hair, this can supplement throw something and feed corn and the multivitamin deficiency of other feedstuffs.Possibly together with abundant calcium, phosphorus and various trace elements, wherein the content of calcium is especially prominent.Waterweed contains the crude fibre of 1.9%, and this contributes to crab to the digestion of multiple food and absorption.Feeding crab with waterweed, palatability is preferable, and crab growth is fast, and feed coefficient is low, can save concentrated feed about 30%.Eriocheir sinensis pond plantation waterweed, can purify water, prevent body eutrophication.Waterweed is possible not only to during photosynthesis release substantial amounts of oxygen, also it can absorb in water a large amount of harmful ammoniacal nitrogen, carbon dioxide and the molten lost article of remaining bait and some organic decomposition thing of constantly generation, these effects are to stable pH value, water quality is made to keep neutral meta-alkali, increase the transparency of water body, to promoting that shell, raising efficiency of feed utilization, improving quality etc. suffer from significance.Waterweed growth and breeding quickly, often to the summer harvest time, always has many pools mouth to cause full pool pasture and water because it grew Sheng corrupt, causes water pollution, the most vast and shrimp Eriocheir sinensis death.The prosperous length of waterweed and the trouble comprehensively utilized into shrimp Eriocheir sinensis raiser, people are typically the most sawed-off by waterweed, and gathered by the sawed-off pasture and water swum on the water surface in greenfeed puts into the grass bream pool.Sometimes gathering too much, grass bream is unable to finish, and just throws away in river levee roadside, is allowed to rot, pollutes environment.
Egg demand in life is continuously increased, and the Ovum crusta Gallus domesticus that only food factory, egg processing factory monthly discard when rubbish just reaches ton up to a hundred, not only wastes resource and also pollutes environment.Calcium carbonate 83～85% in eggshell after testing, protein 15～17%, and containing various trace elements (zinc, copper, manganese, ferrum, selenium etc.).
Soft crab is a kind of state in crab growth course, and soft crab not only remains the delicious and nourishing of substance Eriocheir sinensis, also can eat because of Fructus Forsythiae, add abundant nutrient substance, and we can absorb the sixth-largest biological element--the chitin that human body lacks from shell.Chitin is animal fiber element, in nature, exists only in Crustacean, and chitin has the biggest effect, energy eliminating toxin and beautifying the skin, blood fat-reducing blood pressure-decreasing to human body, reduces cholesterol, it is possible to improve the immunocompetence of human body, play the effect of cancer-resisting.Chitin is current universal time in addition to motion, and the most natural slimming foods does not has any side effect to health.Soft crab, possibly together with abundant free calcium, is the best food that old age, child replenished the calcium.Along with the lifting of health of people idea, soft crab will be received by people, and soft crab market is more wide.Obtaining owing to soft crab is extremely difficult in natural environment, current price is 2～3 times of substance Eriocheir sinensis.Crab shell has quickly, under a few minutes, ten a few minutes just can slough off；Have is very slow, needs several hours, or even one or two days.The quality of soft crab depends on finding that crab has sloughed off shell the time taking cooling to process, and time more early quality is the most excellent, and initial just like a soft meat, quality is best；As time goes on, shell gradual change is hard, and quality is the poorest.
A kind of indoor circulating water stereoscopic multipurpose aquatic products ecology rearing device, it includes box for breeding, shelf, biofilter, tank, water circulating pump, aquaculture constant temperature machine, aerator and connection pipeline thereof, it is characterized in that: described box for breeding piles up formation three-dimensional culture structure on shelf, described box for breeding is by casing, the bottom interlayer formed with microwell plate at the bottom of casing, the osculum that enters offered on box body wall forms with gas transmission pore, aeration tube is spread at the bottom of described casing, aeration tube is connected with appendix, microwell plate is covered on aeration tube, the mixture of one layer of medical stone granule: coral sand particulate quartz sand grains is spread above microwell plate, mixture is splashed useful vaccine, box for breeding is divided into multiple separate room by detachable punched-plate, lid is arranged at box for breeding top, water inlet pipe is along tank wall direct-furnish, filter cap is had to discharge superfluous water on dismountable water-level regulator.By cultivation casing etc. is done isothermal holding to save the energy；Utilize aquaculture constant temperature machine that one optimum growth temp is set for aquatic products；Covering interlayer bottom microwell plate formation on cultivation box bottom paving aeration tube and can pass through micro-pore oxygenation, oxygen supplement uniformly, is not stayed dead angle, is not stimulated aquatic products；The mixture of one layer of medical stone granule: coral sand particulate quartz sand grains useful vaccine of splashing wherein is spread on microwell plate, saturated dissolved oxygen supply is utilized to cultivate probiotics, suppression harmful bacteria, decompose the residual bait of feces, utilize medical stone granule: Adsorption of Heavy Metals to purify water, utilize coral sand granule to regulate pH value.So there is good substrate, it is possible to reduce the generation of aquatic animal disease, laid a solid foundation for producing green non-pollution food；Suitable water temperature, saturated dissolved oxygen can improve the density of aquaculture of aquatic animal, improve survival rate and feed conversion rate, promotes aquatic animal growth, reduces the breeding production cycle.
Before the application submits to, search element by patent consulting, find that application number 201310237835.4 is " a kind ofEriocheir sinensisIndoor water tank form method " feasible, but be confined to indoor water tank and form, can not form industrialized culture scale；Application number 91108188.7 " factory-bred river crabs and device thereof ", although also referred to as three-dimensional culture, but there is big hidden danger in the strong degree of bracing frame, does not the most solve the main cause that crab survival rate is extremely low--problem of killing each other, and the sick problem of crab.
Summary of the invention:
It is an object of the invention to solve the defect that existing culture of Chinese mitten crab mode exists, according to the growth characteristics of crab, propose a kind of indoor circulating water stereo cultivation big specification crab and the method for soft crab.By the batch production ecologic breeding of real meaning, can produce in the four seasons, to obtain higher culture benefit.
It is an object of the invention to be reached by following measure, a kind of method of indoor circulating water stereo cultivation big specification crab and soft crab includes preparation and the cultural method of cultivation equipment, it is characterised in that: described cultivation equipment prepares indoor circulating water stereoscopic multipurpose aquatic products ecology rearing device and light compensating lamp；Described indoor circulating water stereoscopic multipurpose aquatic products ecology rearing device includes box for breeding, shelf, biofilter, tank, water circulating pump, aquaculture constant temperature machine, aerator and connecting line thereof；Described box for breeding is divided into multiple separate room by dismountable punching division board；The lid of described box for breeding is that transparent material is made；Described light compensating lamp is arranged on bottom the shelf plywood above box for breeding；At least setting up a sand filter before the water inlet pipe of described biofilter and at least set up a water tank, described sand filter and water tank are connected with water pump successively；
Further, described cultivation equipment adds monitoring camera, and described monitoring camera is arranged on light compensating lamp side bottom the shelf plywood above box for breeding, and described monitoring camera is connected with the display screen in Control Room；
Described cultural method includes the following:
(1) material:
(1) source of seedlings of milieu crab: select the Eriocheir sinensis kind of authentic ChangJiang River；
(2) source of waterweed: transplant from pond or lake or river or stem is planted；
(3) box for breeding prepares: lay one layer of medical stone granule:, coral sand granule, zeolite granular, the mixture of quartz sand grains and a small amount of earth at the bottom of box for breeding；
(4) cultivation water: extract fresh water to sand filter from natural river district or underground water well with water pump, through sand filtration to water tank, in water tank, water sterilization is sterilized, after precipitating 24 hours, enter biofilter, in biofilter, add a few bag zeolite granular in order to remove salinity in water, enter back into tank, finally squeezed into box for breeding by water circulating pump；
(2) method:
(1) preparation before seed is put in a suitable place to breed:
1. equipment and the sterilization of the instrument of use: cultivation bottom, tank wall and all medical stone granule :s, coral sand granule, zeolite granular, quartz sand grains, earth, biofilter are all cleaned with tank material therefor and disinfects, after placing 4 hours the most laid, inject the fresh water that filtration treatment is crossed, water body disinfection is sterilized, ON cycle water pump, allows water circulation get up to carry out disinfection pipeline sterilization；After 24 hours, useful vaccine of splashing in filter material for biological filter and box for breeding, open aerator, aquaculture constant temperature machine, temperature is set in 22 ± 1 DEG C, keep, about dissolved oxygen amount 8 mg/litre, supporting water about two days, having cultivated probiotics；
2. the cultivation of waterweed: equipment cleaning and sterilizing is complete, the waterweed elder generation disinfection that will collect, is cut into the stem of 10 centimeter length, then plants waterweed in the silt in each separate room along the direction of current, centre reserves the space that crab is movable, water-level regulator is adjusted to 10 centimetres high, opens water intaking valve, keep water level 10 centimetres, water flow velocity is transferred to about 10cm/s, daytime opens light compensating lamp, sets intensity of illumination as 2000～6000 luxs, accelerates the growth of waterweed；
3. the preparation of bait；At the fertile mud of place mat 5 cm thick at the bottom of the special box for breeding of Cipangopaludina chinensis, planting waterweed pasture and water, support upper Cipangopaludina chinensis, Cipangopaludina chinensis first to be disinfected before entering box for breeding；The closeest point that punching division board in box for breeding is put, in order to Cipangopaludina chinensis climbs, increases cultivation quantity；Water flow velocity is transferred to about 10cm/s, keeps about dissolved oxygen amount 8 mg/litre, the dish leaf of throwing something and feeding for every 2～3 days, Testa oryzae, soybean cake, rape cake and pluck leftover bits and pieces, allow it breed, get living bait ready for follow-up culture of Chinese mitten crab；
(2) seed is put in a suitable place to breed and daily management:
1. the selection of seed with put in a suitable place to breed: the cultivation quantity appraised and decided according to equipment, choose the button Eriocheir sinensis of ChangJiang River of orthodox school, it is desirable to energy strong, extremity perfect, shell colour cast is yellow, does not present precocious symptom；The Eriocheir sinensis kind bought back, first disinfect, and then another separate room puts one；
2. change water: owing to using circulating water cultivation, water-level regulator is adjusted to 20～25 centimetres high, holding water level 20～25 centimetres, water flow velocity is transferred to about 10cm/s；
3. inflation: adjusting air volume regulating valve, making bubble is vaporific slow floating, keeps inflating uninterruptedly, in holding water body about dissolved oxygen amount 8 mg/litre；
4. light filling: owing to using three-dimensional culture, box for breeding light has been blocked, the growth of waterweed and crab can be affected, therefore, daytime every day, light compensating lamp to be opened 4～6 hours, intermittently opened light compensating lamp evening for observing crab shell situation, and intensity of illumination is 2000～6000 luxs；To the green Eriocheir sinensis phase that crab is ripe, can the proper extension light filling time to 8 hours；
5. bait feeding: bait throwing in every day 2 times, day feeding volume is the 10% of crab body weight, visual crab situation of ingesting is grasped flexibly, the morning 5～6 o'clock throw something and feed once, feeding volume accounts for the 20～30% of whole day amount, afternoon 5～6 o'clock throw something and feed once, and feeding volume accounts for the 70～80% of whole day amount, and bait is crab complete compound granular feed；Bait preferably oneself preparation; so can strictly hold materials close and also save money; materials have the drying powder of waterweed, wheat gluten, fresh-water fishes shrimp meal, egg-shell meal, medical stone powder, zeolite powder, animal blood powder, fish oil, feed-level calcium biphosphate; about various powder fineness requirement 100 mesh; according to the growth stage that crab is different; the ratio of various materials is allocated, after being sufficiently mixed, makes granule with granulator；It is used as fresh goods waterweed and chilled freshwater fish & shrimp and the little crab having no commercial value of sexual precosity discarded; fully rub with meat grinder; twist while adding wheat gluten, egg-shell meal, medical stone powder, zeolite powder, animal blood powder, fish oil, feed-level calcium biphosphate; after allowing it be sufficiently mixed; granule is made with granulator; ingredient requirement fresh clean, before processing, disinfection to be done processes；Pull sky Carapax cipangopaludinae chinensis, then the Cipangopaludina chinensis of several work of throwing something and feeding to every crab every day out；Owing to waterweed is the good attachment veil of crab, it is again the bait of crab high-quality, should the most often supplement；The principle that crab bait uses is: yellow Eriocheir sinensis phase bait must reduce the content of salt, reduces the use of energy feed, reduces the use of rush property foodstuff as far as possible；
6. daily management: observe crab every day and ingest, grow and streamflow regime；Water quality is detected by every day, keeps pH value 7.0～8.5, if finding, pH value is on the low side, and lime water of just splashing in tank is corrected；Periodically toward splash in tank calcium chloride and feed-level calcium biphosphate solution；Owing to being stamped filter cap on water-level regulator, it can stop the escape of crab, and the waterweed that also can be bitten broken by crab blocking causes emitting excessive, should be noted that removing；Owing to crab is " climb to a higher point expert ", cultivation case lid be secured, in case crab escapes；The growth conscientiously carrying out crab is measured, and performs record, provides foundation for bait throwing in, subsequent production management；Owing to using the cultivation of recirculated water constant temperature, after finishing bait, so that it may be sitting in Control Room and observe Eriocheir sinensis growing state by display, and place on record；Want special concern, every a quarter to half an hour to observe one time those continuous Eriocheir sinensiss not eaten food for or two days, be found to have the Eriocheir sinensis reaching commercial specification of shell, will take out at once, do K cryogenic treatment；
7. the results of soft crab: for reaching the high-quality soft crab of the firm shell of commercial specification, to take out at once, it is put in the water of 2～5 DEG C immersion about 20 minutes, from refrigerator-freezer, takes out the most dipped water the sponge of the quarrel that frozen and storage-transport vessel simultaneously, sponge is laid in container, put soft crab, capping, oxygenation, seal, put into the soft crab alive for sale of cold preservation in refrigerator-freezer or insert delivery in insulation bag, allowing client enjoy soft crab alive；Also freezing ice soft crab can be sold；For the matter difference soft crab that the shell on the opportunity of having missed is somewhat hard, continue to support；
8. growing up day by day along with crab, original separate room lived can accommodate any more, at this moment will be lower by the dismounting of punching division board, separate room is amplified, removes another crab；
The management of the greenest Eriocheir sinensis phase: male Eriocheir sinensis, female Eriocheir sinensis are divided among different box for breeding and raise, the crab complete compound granular feed that at this moment can throw something and feed commercially available and Lumbricus, Tenebrio molitor, Pupa bombycis, Cipangopaludina chinensis living food, the proper extension light filling time to 8 hours；
(3) points for attention: 1. indoor circulating water cultivation is the strongest to the dependency of power supply, it is necessary to house generator, in case having a power failure, otherwise consequence will be heavy；2. the ghost under crab sloughs off, both can mix in bait, it is also possible to collect sale；3. this method can be additionally used in crab breeding and seedling, during breeding and seedling, should set a set of special equipment, and cultivation water used must salt adding.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: comparing with tradition breeding way, owing to being at indoor circulating water three-dimensional culture, the sharpest edges of the present invention are that all cultivating conditions are controlled: a. can save the energy by cultivation casing etc. is done isothermal holding, reduces electric power expenditure；B. utilizing aquaculture constant temperature machine can be that crab arranges an optimal growth temperature, and constant temperature cultivation can reduce the speed that crab effective accumulated temperature increases；C. it is arranged to interlayer bottom box for breeding, by interlayer micro-pore oxygenation, can uniformly, not stay dead angle with oxygen supplement, do not stimulate crab, dissolved oxygen is made to keep saturated, the most both the needs that crab grows had been ensure that, saturated dissolved oxygen supply can be utilized again to cultivate probiotics, suppression harmful bacteria, decompose the residual bait of feces, medical stone granule: Adsorption of Heavy Metals is utilized to purify water, coral sand granule is utilized to regulate pH value, there is good substrate, the generation of crab disease can be reduced, lay a solid foundation for producing green non-pollution food；D. at any time the composition of cultivation water can be adjusted, keep water quality high-quality, it is ensured that crab shell needs；The most agreeable to the taste bait, turns waste into wealth, and meat and vegetables collocation is the most nutritious the most economical；Paying the most equally, cultivate soft crab and big specification crab, culture benefit is higher, by monitoring camera, reduces labor intensity, saves labor cost；G. allow crab live separate room, stopped to kill each other between crab, crab survival rate can be made to more than 95% or even 100%, reduce the expense purchasing Eriocheir sinensis kind, and the rate of recapture ensures 100%；H. three-dimensional culture can make the utilization rate of breeding plant reach 130%～160%；I. the Eriocheir sinensis that ecologic breeding, the Eriocheir sinensis produced and soft crab quality grow apparently higher than nature and the Eriocheir sinensis of other approach cultivation, can apply for Organic certification；The most no longer see to have a meal in sky, it is ensured that stable and high yields, efficiently；K. indoor circulating water three-dimensional culture crab is invested relatively big at first glance, but sees the benefit that can obtain decades of times higher than other breeding way for a long time.This method can be additionally used in crab breeding and seedling.
Detailed description of the invention:
A kind of method of indoor circulating water stereo cultivation big specification crab and soft crab includes cultivation equipment and cultural method, it is characterised in that: described cultivation equipment includes indoor circulating water stereoscopic multipurpose aquatic products ecology rearing device and light compensating lamp；Described indoor circulating water stereoscopic multipurpose aquatic products ecology rearing device includes box for breeding, shelf, biofilter, tank, water circulating pump, aquaculture constant temperature machine, aerator and connecting line thereof；Described box for breeding is divided into multiple separate room by dismountable punching division board；Described cultivation case lid is that transparent material is made；Described light compensating lamp is arranged on bottom the shelf plywood above box for breeding；At least setting up a sand filter before the water inlet pipe of described biofilter and at least set up a water tank, described sand filter and water tank are connected with water pump successively；
Further, described cultivation equipment adds monitoring camera, and described monitoring camera is arranged on light compensating lamp side bottom the shelf plywood above box for breeding, and described monitoring camera is connected with the display screen in Control Room；
Described cultural method includes the following:
(1) material:
(1) source of seedlings of milieu crab: select the Eriocheir sinensis kind of authentic ChangJiang River；
(2) source of waterweed: transplant from pond or lake or river or stem is planted；
(3) box for breeding prepares: lay the medical stone granule: of one layer of particle diameter 0.5～3mm, coral sand granule, zeolite granular, the mixture of quartz sand grains and a small amount of earth, thickness 3～5 centimetres at the bottom of box for breeding；
(4) cultivation water: extract fresh water to sand filter from natural river district or underground water well with water pump, through sand filtration to water tank, with the ClO 2 solution of 0.5ppm, water sterilization is sterilized in water tank, after precipitating 24 hours, enter biofilter, in biofilter, add a few bag zeolite granular in order to remove salinity in water, enter back into tank, finally squeezed into box for breeding by water circulating pump；
(2) method:
(1) preparation before seed is put in a suitable place to breed:
1. equipment and the sterilization of the instrument of use: cultivation bottom, tank wall and all medical stone granule :s, coral sand granule, zeolite granular, quartz sand grains, earth, biofilter are all cleaned with tank material therefor and with the ClO 2 solution of 20ppm or the potassium permanganate solution disinfection of 20ppm, after placing 4 hours the most laid, inject the fresh water that filtration treatment is crossed, with the ClO 2 solution of 0.5ppm, water body disinfection is sterilized, ON cycle water pump, allows water circulation get up to carry out disinfection pipeline sterilization；After 24 hours, useful vaccine-bacillus cereus of splashing in filter material for biological filter and box for breeding, open aerator, aquaculture constant temperature machine, temperature is set in 22 ± 1 DEG C, keep, about dissolved oxygen amount 8 mg/litre, supporting water about two days, having cultivated probiotics；
2. the cultivation of waterweed: equipment cleaning and sterilizing is complete, the waterweed collected first is soaked 5 minutes with the ClO 2 solution of 5ppm or the potassium permanganate solution of 5ppm, after disinfecting, it is cut into the stem of 10 centimeter length, direction along current plants waterweed in the silt in each separate room again, centre reserves the space that crab is movable, water-level regulator is adjusted to 10 centimetres high, open water intaking valve, keep water level 10 centimetres, water flow velocity is transferred to about 10cm/s, opens light compensating lamp daytime, set intensity of illumination as 2000～6000 luxs, accelerate the growth of waterweed；
3. the preparation of bait: at the fertile mud of place mat 5 cm thick at the bottom of the special box for breeding of Cipangopaludina chinensis, plant waterweed pasture and water, supports upper Cipangopaludina chinensis, and Cipangopaludina chinensis first to be soaked disinfect for 5 minutes with the ClO 2 solution of 5ppm or the potassium permanganate solution of 5ppm before entering box for breeding；The closeest point that punching division board in box for breeding is put, in order to Cipangopaludina chinensis climbs, increases cultivation quantity；Water flow velocity is transferred to about 10cm/s, keeps about dissolved oxygen amount 8 mg/litre, the dish leaf of throwing something and feeding for every 2～3 days, Testa oryzae, soybean cake, rape cake and pluck leftover bits and pieces, allow it breed, get living bait ready for follow-up culture of Chinese mitten crab；
(2) seed is put in a suitable place to breed and daily management:
1. the selection of seed with put in a suitable place to breed: the cultivation quantity appraised and decided according to equipment, choose the button Eriocheir sinensis of ChangJiang River of orthodox school, it is desirable to energy strong, extremity perfect, shell colour cast is yellow, does not present precocious symptom；The Eriocheir sinensis kind bought back, first will soak disinfect for 5 minutes with the ClO 2 solution of 5ppm or the potassium permanganate solution of 5ppm, and then another separate room puts one；
2. change water: owing to using circulating water cultivation, water-level regulator is adjusted to 20～25 centimetres high, holding water level 20～25 centimetres, water flow velocity is transferred to about 10cm/s；
3. inflation: adjusting air volume regulating valve, making bubble is vaporific slow floating, keeps inflating uninterruptedly, in holding water body about dissolved oxygen amount 8 mg/litre；
4. light filling: owing to using three-dimensional culture, box for breeding light has been blocked, the growth of waterweed and crab can be affected, therefore, daytime every day, light compensating lamp to be opened 4～6 hours, intermittently opened light compensating lamp evening for observing crab shell situation, and intensity of illumination is 2000～6000 luxs；To the green Eriocheir sinensis phase that crab is ripe, can the proper extension light filling time to 8 hours；
5. bait feeding: bait throwing in every day 2 times, day feeding volume is the 10% of crab body weight, visual crab situation of ingesting is grasped flexibly, the morning 5～6 o'clock throw something and feed once, feeding volume accounts for the 20～30% of whole day amount, afternoon 5～6 o'clock throw something and feed once, and feeding volume accounts for the 70～80% of whole day amount, and bait is crab complete compound granular feed；Bait preferably oneself preparation; so can strictly hold materials close and also save money; materials have the drying powder of waterweed, wheat gluten, fresh-water fishes shrimp meal, egg-shell meal, medical stone powder, zeolite powder, animal blood powder, fish oil, feed-level calcium biphosphate; about various powder fineness requirement 100 mesh; according to the growth stage that crab is different; the ratio of various materials is allocated, after being sufficiently mixed, makes granule with granulator；It is used as fresh goods waterweed and chilled freshwater fish & shrimp and the little crab having no commercial value of sexual precosity discarded; fully rub with meat grinder; twist while adding wheat gluten, egg-shell meal, medical stone powder, zeolite powder, animal blood powder, fish oil, feed-level calcium biphosphate; after allowing it be sufficiently mixed; granule is made with granulator; ingredient requirement fresh clean, before processing, disinfection to be done processes；Pull sky Carapax cipangopaludinae chinensis, then the Cipangopaludina chinensis of several work of throwing something and feeding to every crab every day out；Owing to waterweed is the good attachment veil of crab, it is again the bait of crab high-quality, should the most often supplement；The principle that crab bait uses is: yellow Eriocheir sinensis phase bait must reduce the content of salt, reduces the use of energy feed, reduces the use of rush property foodstuff as far as possible；
6. daily management: observe crab every day and ingest, grow and streamflow regime；Water quality is detected by every day, keeps pH value 7.0～8.5, if finding, pH value is on the low side, and lime water of just splashing in tank is corrected；Periodically toward splash in tank calcium chloride and feed-level calcium biphosphate solution；Owing to being stamped filter cap on water-level regulator, it can stop the escape of crab, and the waterweed that also can be bitten broken by crab blocking causes emitting excessive, should be noted that removing；Owing to crab is " climb to a higher point expert ", cultivation case lid be secured, in case crab escapes；The growth conscientiously carrying out crab is measured, and performs record, provides foundation for bait throwing in, subsequent production management；Owing to using the cultivation of recirculated water constant temperature, after finishing bait, so that it may be sitting in Control Room and observe Eriocheir sinensis growing state by display, and place on record.Want special concern, every a quarter to half an hour to observe one time those continuous Eriocheir sinensiss not eaten food for or two days, be found to have the Eriocheir sinensis reaching commercial specification of shell, will take out at once, do K cryogenic treatment；
7. the results of soft crab: for reaching the high-quality soft crab of the firm shell of commercial specification, to take out at once, it is put in the water of 2～5 DEG C immersion about 20 minutes, from refrigerator-freezer, takes out the most dipped water the sponge of the quarrel that frozen and storage-transport vessel simultaneously, sponge is laid in container, put soft crab, capping, oxygenation, seal, put into the soft crab alive for sale of cold preservation in refrigerator-freezer or insert delivery in insulation bag, allowing client enjoy soft crab alive；Also freezing ice soft crab can be sold；For the matter difference soft crab that the shell on the opportunity of having missed is somewhat hard, continue to support；
8. growing up day by day along with crab, original separate room lived can accommodate any more, at this moment will be lower by the dismounting of punching division board, separate room is amplified, removes another crab；
The management of the greenest Eriocheir sinensis phase: male Eriocheir sinensis, female Eriocheir sinensis are divided among different box for breeding and raise, the crab complete compound granular feed that at this moment can throw something and feed commercially available；The proper extension light filling time to 8 hours；
(3) points for attention: 1. indoor circulating water cultivation is the strongest to the dependency of power supply, it is necessary to house generator, in case having a power failure, otherwise consequence will be heavy；2. the ghost under crab sloughs off, both can mix in bait, it is also possible to collect sale；3. this method can be additionally used in crab breeding and seedling, during breeding and seedling, should set a set of special equipment, and cultivation water used must salt adding.
Claims (4)
1. indoor circulating water stereo cultivation big specification crab and a method for soft crab, including preparation and the cultural method of cultivation equipment,
It is characterized in that: the preparation of described cultivation equipment includes arranging indoor circulating water stereoscopic multipurpose aquatic products ecology rearing device and benefit
Light modulation；Described indoor circulating water stereoscopic multipurpose aquatic products ecology rearing device includes box for breeding, shelf, biofilter, water storage
Pond, water circulating pump, aquaculture constant temperature machine, aerator and connecting line thereof；Described box for breeding is by dismountable punching division board
It is divided into multiple separate room；The lid of described box for breeding is that transparent material is made；Described light compensating lamp is arranged on the shelf plywood above box for breeding
Bottom；At least set up a sand filter before the water inlet pipe of described biofilter and at least set up a water tank, described sand filter and
Water tank is connected with water pump successively；
Described cultural method includes the following:
(1) material:
(1) source of seedlings of milieu crab: select the Eriocheir sinensis kind of authentic ChangJiang River；
(2) source of waterweed: transplant from pond or lake or river or stem is planted；
(3) box for breeding prepares: lay one layer of medical stone granule:, coral sand granule, zeolite granular, the mixture of quartz sand grains at the bottom of box for breeding
With a small amount of earth；
(4) cultivation water: extract fresh water to sand filter with water pump from natural river district or underground water well, through sand filtration to water tank, at water storage
In tank to water sterilization sterilize, after precipitate 24 hours, entrance biofilter, add in biofilter a few bag zeolite granular in order to
Remove salinity in water, enter back into tank, finally squeezed into box for breeding by water circulating pump；
(2) method:
(1) preparation before seed is put in a suitable place to breed:
1. equipment and the sterilization of the instrument of use: bottom, tank wall and all medical stone granule :s, coral sand granule, zeolite granular, stone will be cultivated
Sand grain, earth, biofilter are all cleaned with tank material therefor and disinfect, the most laid after placing 4 hours, note
Enter the fresh water that filtration treatment is crossed, water body disinfection is sterilized, ON cycle water pump, allow water circulation get up pipeline carried out disinfection sterilization；
After 24 hours, useful vaccine of splashing in filter material for biological filter and box for breeding, open aerator, aquaculture constant temperature machine, by temperature
Degree is set in 22 ± 1 DEG C, keeps, about dissolved oxygen amount 8 mg/litre, supporting water about two days, having cultivated probiotics；
2. the cultivation of waterweed: equipment cleaning and sterilizing is complete, the waterweed elder generation disinfection that will collect, it is cut into 10 centimeter length
Stem, then in the silt in each separate room, plant waterweed along the direction of current, centre reserves the space that crab is movable, is adjusted by water level
Joint device is adjusted to 10 centimetres high, opens water intaking valve, keeps water level 10 centimetres, water flow velocity is transferred to about 10cm/s, daytime
Open light compensating lamp, sets intensity of illumination as 2000～6000 luxs, the growth of quickening waterweed；
3. the preparation of bait: at the fertile mud of place mat 5 cm thick at the bottom of the special box for breeding of Cipangopaludina chinensis, plant waterweed, supports upper Cipangopaludina chinensis, and Cipangopaludina chinensis enters
First to disinfect before entering box for breeding；The closeest point that punching division board in box for breeding is put, in order to Cipangopaludina chinensis climbs, increases
Cultivation quantity；Water flow velocity is transferred to about 10cm/s, keeps about dissolved oxygen amount 8 mg/litre, a dish of throwing something and feeding for every 2～3 days
Leaf, Testa oryzae, soybean cake, rape cake and pluck leftover bits and pieces, allow it breed, and gets living bait ready for follow-up culture of Chinese mitten crab；
(2) seed is put in a suitable place to breed and daily management:
1. the selection of seed with put in a suitable place to breed: the cultivation quantity appraised and decided according to equipment, choose the button Eriocheir sinensis of ChangJiang River of orthodox school, it is desirable to energy
Strong, extremity perfect, and shell colour cast is yellow, does not present precocious symptom；The Eriocheir sinensis kind bought back, first disinfect, the most further
Individual separate room puts one；
2. change water: owing to using circulating water cultivation, water-level regulator is adjusted to 20～25 centimetres high, holding water level 20～25 lis
Rice, is transferred to about 10cm/s by water flow velocity；
3. inflation: adjusting air volume regulating valve, making bubble is vaporific slow floating, keeps inflating uninterruptedly, keeps molten in water body
About oxygen amount 8 mg/litre；
4. light filling: owing to using three-dimensional culture, box for breeding light has been blocked, can affect the growth of waterweed and crab, therefore,
Daytime every day, light compensating lamp to be opened 4～6 hours, intermittently opened light compensating lamp evening for observing crab shell situation, and illumination is strong
Degree is 2000～6000 luxs；To the green Eriocheir sinensis phase that crab is ripe, can the proper extension light filling time to 8 hours；
5. bait feeding: bait throwing in every day 2 times, day feeding volume be the 10% of crab body weight, visual crab situation of ingesting is grasped flexibly, on
Noon 5～6 o'clock throw something and feed once, and feeding volume accounts for the 20～30% of whole day amount, and afternoon 5～6 o'clock throw something and feed once, and feeding volume accounts for whole day amount
70～80%, bait is crab complete compound granular feed；Pull sky Carapax cipangopaludinae chinensis every day out, then throw something and feed several work to every crab
Cipangopaludina chinensis；Owing to waterweed is the good attachment veil of crab, it is again the bait of crab high-quality, should the most often supplement；
The principle that crab bait uses is: yellow Eriocheir sinensis phase bait must reduce the content of salt, reduces the use of energy feed, reduces rush as far as possible
The use of property foodstuff；
6. daily management: observe crab every day and ingest, grow and streamflow regime；Water quality is detected by every day, keeps pH value 7.0～8.5,
If finding, pH value is on the low side, and lime water of just splashing in tank is corrected；Periodically toward splash in tank calcium chloride and feed grade
Biphosphate calcium solution；Owing to being stamped filter cap on water-level regulator, it can stop the escape of crab, also can be bitten broken by crab
Waterweed blocking causes emitting excessive, should be noted that removing；Owing to crab is " climb to a higher point expert ", cultivation case lid be secured, in case
Crab escapes；The growth conscientiously carrying out crab is measured, and performs record, provides foundation for bait throwing in, subsequent production management；Owing to adopting
Be the cultivation of recirculated water constant temperature, after finishing bait, so that it may be sitting in Control Room and observe Eriocheir sinensis growing state by display, and remember
Record on record；Want special concern, every a quarter to half an hour to observe one time those continuous Eriocheir sinensiss not eaten food for or two days, be found to have
The Eriocheir sinensis reaching commercial specification of shell, will take out at once, do K cryogenic treatment；
7. the results of soft crab: for reaching the high-quality soft crab of the firm shell of commercial specification, will take out at once, be put into the water of 2～5 DEG C
In soak about 20 minutes, from refrigerator-freezer, take out the most dipped water the sponge of the quarrel that frozen and storage-transport vessel, by sea simultaneously
Silk floss is laid in container, puts soft crab, capping, and oxygenation seals, puts into the soft crab alive for sale of cold preservation in refrigerator-freezer or insert guarantor
Thermometer bulb is consigned, allows client enjoy soft crab alive；Also freezing ice soft crab can be sold；Shell for the opportunity of having missed is somewhat hard
Matter difference soft crab, continue to support；
8. growing up day by day along with crab, original separate room lived can accommodate any more, at this moment will be lower by the dismounting of punching division board,
Separate room is amplified, removes another crab；
The management of the greenest Eriocheir sinensis phase: male Eriocheir sinensis, female Eriocheir sinensis are divided among different box for breeding and are raised, and the crab full price that at this moment can throw something and feed commercially available is joined
Close pellet and Lumbricus, Tenebrio molitor, Pupa bombycis, Cipangopaludina chinensis living food, proper extension light filling time to 8 hours.
A kind of indoor circulating water stereo cultivation big specification crab the most according to claim 1 and the method for soft crab, its feature exists
Adding monitoring camera in described cultivation equipment, described monitoring camera is arranged on light compensating lamp bottom the shelf plywood above box for breeding
Side, described monitoring camera is connected with the display screen in Control Room.
A kind of indoor circulating water stereo cultivation big specification crab the most according to claim 1 and the method for soft crab, its feature exists
The drying powder of waterweed, wheat gluten, fresh-water fishes shrimp meal, egg-shell meal, medical stone powder, zeolite powder, animal is had in crab bait materials
Blood powder, fish oil, feed-level calcium biphosphate, about various powder fineness requirement 100 mesh, according to the growth stage that crab is different,
The ratio of various materials is allocated, after being sufficiently mixed, makes granule with granulator.
A kind of indoor circulating water stereo cultivation big specification crab the most according to claim 3 and the method for soft crab, its feature exists
Use fresh goods waterweed and chilled freshwater fish & shrimp and the little crab having no commercial value of sexual precosity discarded in crab bait, use
Meat grinder fully rubs, twist add wheat gluten, egg-shell meal, medical stone powder, zeolite powder, animal blood powder, fish oil,
Feed-level calcium biphosphate, after allowing it be sufficiently mixed, makes granule, ingredient requirement fresh clean with granulator, to do before processing
Disinfection processes.
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| CN104285862B (en) * | 2014-10-17 | 2016-11-23 | 浙江海洋学院 | The crab apartment that can individually extract |
| CN104488790B (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2017-01-11 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所 | Device for observing molt and growth of river crabs and application thereof |
| CN104823940A (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2015-08-12 | 安徽省穿透王鱼饵有限公司 | Fragrant-fishy type bait special for crucian and preparation method thereof |
| CN105016486A (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2015-11-04 | 莆田市天然星农业开发有限公司 | Control formula and enforcement method aiming at enteromorpha harm during polyculture of shrimp, crab and shellfish |
| CN105325337A (en) * | 2015-10-31 | 2016-02-17 | 颍上县润海畜禽养殖有限公司 | Artificial incubation method of freshwater crab eggs |
| CN105325333A (en) * | 2015-10-31 | 2016-02-17 | 颍上县润海畜禽养殖有限公司 | Method for artificially hatching river crab eggs |
| CN107509672A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2017-12-26 | 青岛连成片水产技术研究有限公司 | A kind of method of indoor circulating water stereo cultivation soft shell cray |
| CN107466933A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2017-12-15 | 曹秀荣 | A kind of crab high-yield cultivation method |
| CN107836387A (en) * | 2017-10-28 | 2018-03-27 | 华中农业大学 | Crab culture experiment system and its application based on LED light spectrum |
| CN109699546A (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2019-05-03 | 周爱民 | A kind of high-yield and high-efficiency cultural method of river crab |
| CN111436391B (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2022-03-04 | 宁波大学 | Domestication method for enabling scylla paramamosain fries to adapt to saline-alkali soil water area culture |
| CN112106706A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2020-12-22 | 王智刚 | Large-scale aquaculture technology for snail and shellfish aquatic products and annual production system |
| TWI832106B (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2024-02-11 | 賽恩威特股份有限公司 | Monitoring device for animal intensive care unit |
| CN114166092B (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2023-08-04 | 山东省淡水渔业研究院（山东省淡水渔业监测中心） | Comprehensive measuring instrument for measuring main body indexes of eriocheir sinensis |
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| CN1071043A (en) * | 1991-09-27 | 1993-04-21 | 顾为东 | Factory-bred river crabs and device thereof |
| CN2177337Y (en) * | 1993-02-20 | 1994-09-21 | 顾为东 | Three-dimensional intensive culturing device for young and grown crabs |
| FR2797561B1 (en) * | 1999-08-18 | 2001-11-09 | Air Liquide | PROCESS FOR IMPROVING THE CONDITIONS FOR BREEDING FISH OPERATING IN OZONE WATER |
| CN101331860A (en) * | 2008-07-01 | 2008-12-31 | 郑小非 | Method and device for culturing rice field eel |
| CN202143402U (en) * | 2011-06-27 | 2012-02-15 | 天津盛亿养殖有限公司 | Circulating water aquaculture system |
| CN203279661U (en) * | 2012-04-25 | 2013-11-13 | 顾春增 | Insulated culturing facility for automatically monitoring and managing culturing of aquatic animals |
| CN203120700U (en) * | 2013-03-05 | 2013-08-14 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Circulating water and single individual breeding system for green crabs |
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