CN103960187A - Method for breeding large river crabs and soft crabs in indoor circulating water in three-dimensional mode - Google Patents
Method for breeding large river crabs and soft crabs in indoor circulating water in three-dimensional mode Download PDFInfo
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- CN103960187A CN103960187A CN201410208167.7A CN201410208167A CN103960187A CN 103960187 A CN103960187 A CN 103960187A CN 201410208167 A CN201410208167 A CN 201410208167A CN 103960187 A CN103960187 A CN 103960187A
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, and relates to a method for breeding large river crabs and soft crabs in indoor circulating water in three-dimensional mode. According to the method, an ecological breeding device and a breeding method are involved. Bionic breeding is performed according to the growing characteristics of the river crabs. A breeding box can guarantee saturated dissolved oxygen supplying through oxygen supplying of interlayer micro-holes in the bottom, the rapid growing demands of the river crabs can be met, and the illness problem of the river crabs can be solved. An aquaculture constant temperature machine sets the optimal temperature for growth of the river crabs, and the speed of effective accumulative temperature increasing is reduced. The components of breeding water can be adjusted at any time so that the shelling requirements of the river crabs can be met. The river crabs are bred in independent chambers, the survival rate of the river crabs can be more than 95 percent, the expense of purchasing breeding crabs can be reduced, and the recapture rate can be 100 percent. Palatable bait is provided, waste is changed into wealth, meat and vegetables are matched, more nutrients are obtained, and money can be saved. People do not live by depending on the weather any more, the river crabs can be produced at all seasons, and the stable, high and efficient yield is guaranteed. It seems that the investment is large, but from a long-term view, tens of times of benefits can be obtained through the method compared with other breeding methods. The method can also be used for river crab breeding.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to aquaculture, specifically the method for the large specification river crab of a kind of indoor circulating water stereo cultivation and soft crab.
Technical background:
River crab formal name used at school Eriocheir sinensia, popular name crab, eriocheir sinensis, clear water crab, steamed crab etc., belong to Arthropoda Crustacea animal.River crab fine and tender taste deliciousness, nutritious, existing edibility, has again medical value, is deeply loved by the public.
As everyone knows, the specification difference of steamed crab, price just differs greatly.It is reported, every less than 500 grams of more than 10 yuan of money of river crab price of 100 grammes per square metres; The male crab of every 200 grammes per square metres and female crab of every 150 grammes per square metres go out lake valency every 500 grams between 140 yuan to 160 yuan, fluctuation is little; Every exceedes the 250 grams of above large size lock of superfine crabs, goes out 260 yuan/500 grams of lake valencys, also can rise; And after the Yangcheng Lake steamed crab crab of the Yangcheng Lake steamed crab crab king of net weight in 2010 460 grams (crab height 10.3cm, wide 9.6cm, total length 47.3cm) and net weight 350 grams (crab height 9.2cm, wide 8.7cm, total length 43.2cm), unexpectedly sell 30,000 yuan of high prices; After 455 grams of Jiangxia Liangzi Lake steamed crab crab Wang Chong in 2005, crab, take 5.4 ten thousand yuan for heavy 302 grams, after 500 grams of crab Wang Chong in 2008, crab, take 10.8 ten thousand yuan of high prices for heavy 350 grams.Therefore, the culture benefit that obtain, it is crucial improving forming of the large specification river crab of high-quality.
River crab grows in fresh water, in seawater or brackish water, breeds.The life-span of river crab can reach 3～4 years in theory, but river crab only has a cyclostage in all one's life, and breeding end lives also just stops.Experience successively the stages such as zoea, megalops larva (juvenile crab), young crab (pea crab), young crab (young crab), crab kind (button crab), yellow crab, green crab, ovigerous crab all one's life of river crab.The process of growth of river crab is accompanied by cast off a skin carries out, cast off a skin and also cry shelling, the every shelling of river crab once with regard to metamorphosis once, shell each time its body is long, body weight is all done once rapid increase, zoea needs to cast off a skin for 5 times to become megalops larva, after the crab king crab that rises to gradually again the large crab of 250g and even 500 grams through casting off a skin for 13～15 times from the young crab of 6～7 milligrams of body weight, all to tide over the high point of once surviving and often slough off a shell river crab, because the crab that has just sloughed off shell is just like a soft meat (we cry its soft crab), no matter be similar or natural enemy all wants to eat it, this is the main cause that crab survival rate is extremely low.When river crab shell, need absorb large quantity of moisture, thereby quality obviously increases in shell process, in growth afterwards, losing of moisture is but slowly, and gradually by tissue growth is replaced.The speed of river crab growth is subject to environmental condition, the particularly restriction of dissolved oxygen, water temperature and bait.Conventionally, early stage young crab shell number of times is comparatively frequent, and along with continuous growth, shell successively extends interval time, according to observations greatly about 3～20 days.If environmental condition is bad, shell growth stops, the reason place that this is also individuality of the same age, the bodily form differs greatly under different condition.Calcium, phosphorus in river crab growth and water body, bait are in close relations, river crab can absorb Ca, P in a large amount of water and water, the isoionic inorganic salts of K by gill epidermis and stomach and intestine inwall, and the ability that river crab absorbs calcium ion in water body is stronger than the ability of calcium and phosphorus in absorption manufactured feed.The river crab shell eve requires calcium total amount in shell to equate with the total amount of calcium in body, and the phosphorus total amount in river crab body is 52.2 times phosphorous in shell simultaneously.The ratio that must consider calcium and phosphorus in the manufactured feed of river crab, calcium chloride and biphosphate ca proportion are 2: 1, the growth of guarantee river crab, the material demand of casting off a skin.Feed-level calcium biphosphate is a kind of for supplementing the feed addictive of livestock and poultry, aquatic livestock calcium phosphorus nutrition, the features such as it has highly-water-soluble, high-absorbility, increase in water body after feed-level calcium biphosphate, shell rate is higher by 50% than what do not increase, and shell speed is corresponding quickening also.
Water environment is the place of river crab existence, and in waters, the variation of the factor such as temperature, salinity, pH value, illumination, dissolved oxygen directly affects growth, metamorphosis of river crab and breeds.Only have the correlation of grasping culture of Chinese mitten crab water environment, and meet and could promote that river crab grows, strive for high yield.
(1) temperature: river crab is poikilotherm, To Be Protected from Heat is not afraid of cold, and suitable temperature range is at-2 DEG C～28 DEG C, and body temperature depends primarily on environment water temperature, and the body temperature of river crab is a little more than the temperature of surrounding environment conventionally.Water temperature can have influence on growth and the metamorphosis of river crab.Under thermophilic condition, temperature is high, and ingesting of river crab is vigorous, and growth and abnormal speed are accelerated.21 DEG C of left and right of water temperature, the 1st phase zoea only needs four or five days just can be abnormal, and 15 DEG C of left and right metamorphosis of water temperature are very slow.River crab generally starts obviously to ingest in the time of 10 DEG C of water temperatures, and 10 DEG C of ingestion abilities when following weaken.River crab can be stood low temperature, and water temperature ovigerous crab under-1～-2 DEG C of condition can be passed the winter smoothly, and crab ovum and product crab all can be dead.Winter, river crab stopped ingesting, and was hidden in cave and survived the winter.The mate and oviposit of river crab and larval metamorphosis, all have certain requirement to water temperature.As close crab mating water temperature requires to reach 9～12 DEG C; Oogenesis touches raising stage water temperature should be controlled at 11～16 DEG C; Larval metamorphosis needs water temperature to carry out under 20～25 DEG C of conditions.In culture of Chinese mitten crab process, water temperature has certain influence to river crab shelling, and in suitable temperature range, water temperature is higher, and shell number of times is more, and growth rapidly.And in the time that water temperature exceedes 28 DEG C, the shell of river crab and growth will be suppressed.
(2) salinity: river crab starts just to move to fresh water and live from megalops larva, especially likes pure and fresh in water quality, pasture and water are luxuriant, and environment is perched and grows in quiet lake.Megalops larva enters after freshwater, requires the salinity of water body more low better.In the time that river crab reaches sexual maturity, close crab want migration to river mouth brackish water place mating, lay eggs and hatch.Until zoea metamorphosis is megalops larva, salinity is had to certain requirement.But different developmental phases requires also difference to some extent to salinity, the 1st phase zoea salinity requires higher than later a few phase zoeas, generally can not be lower than 7 ‰; Since the second phase young salinity is required just to decline to some extent, general salinity is down to the also metamorphosis smoothly of 5 ‰ left and right.Salinity sudden change is unfavorable to paedomorphosis, and generally salinity is poor is no more than 3 ‰, not so will cause the large quantities of death of the young.
(3) pH value: in water, pH value depends primarily on the content of free CO2 in water.In sour environment, tolerance and the ingestion ability of river crab to hypoxia condition weakens, and affects the calcareous precipitation of river crab crust.Especially to the larval metamorphosis phase, affect formation and the shell of crust, can directly affect the growth of river crab.PH value General Requirements between 7～8, i.e. neutrality or alkalescence, when larval metamorphosis, pH value can be slightly high, between 7.8～8.6.
(4) illumination: the river crab happiness low light level is not liked high light, and genus is hidden by day and come out at night.At the bottom of being hidden in cave, pond daytime, in stone gap or thick grass, because river crab has the very flourishing organs of vision, can out look for food evening by means of faint light.Less demanding to illumination when the mating of parent crab, also can carry out mating night.Embryonic development is in early days substantially in dark state, but embryonic development needs suitable illumination to stage, while being developed to larval metamorphosis, just more need certain intensity of illumination, otherwise by affecting, the young casts off a skin and survival rate, General Requirements illumination is in 2000～6000 luxs, along with young age in days increases, intensity of illumination also requires progressively to increase.In addition the early stage bait of the young as frog algae, green alga with become the vegetal bait of crab, all need to just can carry out photosynthesis under the condition that has illumination, carries out growth and breeding.
(5) dissolved oxygen: river crab carries out gas with the gill by the CO2 in the oxygen being dissolved in the water and blood and exchanged breathing, dissolved oxygen in water, in 8 mg/litre left and right, can not, lower than 4 mg/litre, just be suitable for river crab normal growth.
Causing the uneven main cause of steamed crab specification is Precocious Maturation of Chinese Mitten-handed Crab Eriocheir Sinensis, and the feature of sexual maturity river crab is:
(1) see abdomen navel: sexually matured female crab abdomen navel grows up to female crab by triangle navel, around length has close and long fine hair; Male crab abdomen navel grows up to elongated mitriform, and male crab abdomen navel thickening also protrudes plastron.
(2) see the crab back of the body: the back of normal crab kind is more smooth, rises and falls not obvious, and the color at carapace back is light yellow, or in Huang, be mingled with a small amount of light green, its color is more hour lighter at crab kind individuality; And sexual maturity crab kind back is uneven, rise and fall quite obvious, back color is darker, is green, and what have is even blackish green or cyan.
(3) see appendage: in the step of sexual maturity river crab, length has thick and long bristle, male crab foot of a chela metacarpus length has extremely close and long fine hair, this method of discrimination has higher discriminant accuracy to the full ripe river crab of sexual gland, to differentiating in the early stage sex premature river crab of gonad development.
(4) see hepatic region: sexual maturity river crab can be seen on hepatic region to be had two purple bars and have ovum grain, or to have two white blocks be spermary.
The river crab major part of sex premature appears in pond culture, and rarely found in natural water.The reason of the precocious river crab of formative:
(1) overnutrition.The nutriment that river crab is taken in for energy consumption, maintains normal physiological activity on the one hand; The opposing party, for accumulation, takes in too much when nutriment, just has considerable nutriment and transfers on sexual gland, accelerates the growth of sexual gland, forms precocious crab.River crab feeding habits are very assorted, taking drinking water grass, humus as main, have a liking for food spoil under field conditions (factors), also happiness food spiral shell, freshwater mussel, worm, insect, also prey on once in a while small fish, shrimp, also can cannibalism, the own ovum of being embraced of even eating when food is deficient, sometimes also can cause the similar food of striving because of a dead fish, generally, river crab is obtained plant food and comes easily, often forms the Main Ingredients and Appearance of crab stomach food.And the bait that pond culture is thrown something and fed is excessively smart, the animal bait of particularly throwing something and feeding early stage is too much, and the river crab animal bait of natural disposition voracity is taken in too much, and endotrophic surplus, causes river crab sexual maturity in advance.
(2) effective accumulated temperature increases.The relation that the gonad development of river crab and water temperature are proportionate, water temperature is higher, the metabolism of river crab is more vigorous, gonad development is faster, thereby precocious crab normally high temperature season form.And illumination condition itself just and temperature condition be closely linked to, intense light irradiation itself also mean lifting temperature, permanent light stimulation may cause the unbalance of river crab internal regulation mechanism in addition, because growing major part, current young crab carries out in pond, pond area is little and shallow, the water temperature in 6～August of the Yangtze river basin is up to 31～35 degrees Celsius, and the large water surface such as lake and reservoir, summer, water temperature was no more than 30 degrees Celsius.Due to young crab vegetative period water temperature high, its metabolism is vigorous, food ration is large, fast growth, but liver nutrient storage is when too much, will transform to sexual gland, impels gonad development formative precocity.
(3) breeding density is improper, causes early growth too fast, and sexual maturity in advance.
(4) stimulation of salinity, salinity is larger on the sex premature impact of river crab.Water salinity is higher, stimulates river crab gonad development.The source of salt in water body, the one, people is for causing, and cultivating river crab generally all will be used fish meal, even the imported fish meal of high-quality again, the content of salt also reaches 2%, and ropy domestic fish meal, the content of salt is up to 20～30%.The 2nd, in the rock on land and soil containing there being a large amount of salinities, salt can dissolve in water, the salt being dissolved in water has been arrived in river by rain drop erosion, then and then river flows in the sea at leisure, pass through again the irradiation of sunlight, seawater is constantly evaporated, make the salt content of seawater more and more, this is the source of the salt in seawater.River is all moving with respect to sea always, and the salt content in river is also few, and this is why not river is salty reason with respect to seawater.Pond culture has intercepted flowing of river, and its salt content must be higher than the river under nature.
(5) germ plasm resource is degenerated.Along with supporting the expansion of crab scale, what interzone was introduced a fine variety increases, and southern crab is moved northward, Bei Xienan moves, and adds artificial propagation new parent more not for a long time, causes river crab variet complexity, degeneration, poor growth, and sexual maturity is in advance.
Bait is all living things required material base that grows, and for the required bait of culture of Chinese mitten crab, has a lot of experts and scholars to be studied.The manufactured feed of culture of Chinese mitten crab is proposed taking white fish meal, puffed soybean, wheat gluten, shrimp chaff powder, yolk powder etc. as primary raw material.The river crab Magna zoea larva phase manufactured feed that is 45% with thick protein, its product fineness is 80～250 orders, throws something and feeds respectively in Z1～Z5 phase young, the ingest ight soil rate of rear dragging of its young is high, abnormal neat, the time of casting off a skin is short, survival rate is high; The manufactured feed that is 42% with thick protein (opening material) is fed megalops larva to V phase children crab, through the approximately nursing of 1 month, young crab growth soon, vivaciously healthy, its survival rate is about 50%, feed coefficient is in 0.8 left and right; The manufactured feed gross protein value of river crab mature stage is 28%～36%, and nursing river crab individuality is out larger with this understanding, and disease is few, and most raiser is profitable.According to the physilogical characteristics of river crab, form early stage temperature suitable, can feed the manufactured feed of 36% thick protein; Mid-term, water temperature was higher, and river crab growth phase, to slowly, can be fed the manufactured feed of 28% thick protein, and in conjunction with throwing something and feeding some pasture and water and coarse cereals; The growth of the more suitable river crab of later stage water temperature, now river crab ingests in a large number, stocks nutrition for surviving the winter, 33% the manufactured feed of can throwing something and feeding, therefore, the river crab that the time of the year when autumn changes into winter fishes for is the fertile cream Huang of crab.
(1) river crab is exactly to amino acid whose needs to the essence that needs of protein, and river crab could finally be transformed into crab soma after the protein digestibility obtaining in feed is become to the micromolecular compound such as peptide, amino acid.The required essential amino acid of river crab is substantially similar with shrimps, i.e. 10 kinds of threonine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, tryptophan, methionine, phenyl alanine, histidine, lysine and arginine.River crab have not been reported the applicable requirement of various essential amino acids, and in the time of component design, mainly with reference to shrimps, river crab is not remarkable to the free amino acid growth result adding.In order to make amino acid complementation in manufactured feed, meet to greatest extent the needs that river crab grows, ensureing, under the prerequisite of feedstuff quality, while using raw material, to use as far as possible many kinds raw material, as fish meal, various puffed soybean, yeast, bran etc.But to note in the time using puffed soybean: although peanut meal can relatively largely use in feed for river crab, easily produce aflatoxins, note keeping and quality; In cotton dregs, contain in gossypol, rapeseed dregs and contain the noxious materials such as sinigrin, and bitter, poor for the palatability of river crab, therefore, the addition in feed should not exceed 7%.
(2) lipid is necessary energy matter in river crab growth and development process, and it can provide the river crab nutriments such as required fatty acid, cholesterol and phosphatide of growing, and also can help the absorption of lipovitamin.In the fatty acid of river crab, it is very large that unsaturated fatty acid accounts for total fatty acids ratio, is about 70%～83%, and particularly eicosapentaenoic acid [20: 5 (n-3) of polyenoic fatty acid wherein, EPA] and DHA [22: 6 (n-3), DHA] account for again very at high proportion.In addition the saturated fatty acid content of young crab is significantly higher than into crab, and the content of monoenoic fatty acid significantly lower than become crab, the docosatetraenoic acid of young crab exceeds more than 2 times than the content that becomes crab.Therefore, the young to the crude fat content in young crab stage designs 6%～8%, becomes the crab stage 3%～6%.In fish oil, containing multiple highly unsaturated fatty acid and some UGFs, is the glyceride stock of the suitable interpolation of feed for river crab.
(3) in feed, add survival rate and the acceleration that a certain amount of phosphatide can improve young crab and cast off a skin, in feed, suitable addition is 1%～1.5%.
(4) raw fiber generally can not be utilized by river crab, but it is necessary to maintain river crab health.Can the stimulate digestion secretion of enzyme of appropriate raw fiber, promotes peristalsis of the digest tract and digesting and assimilating nutriments such as protein.Suitable crude fiber content is: megalops larva to the young crab phase is 4%～5%, and mature stage is 6%～7%.
(5) river crab is very few to the report of minerals and vitamins demand.In production practices, the content of calcium and phosphorus in manufactured feed: before the young crab phase, calcium is 1.5%～2.0%, and phosphorus is 1.8%～2.5%, and calcium-phosphorus ratio is about 1: 1.2; Becoming crab phase calcium is 1.2%～2.0%, and phosphorus is 1.0%～1.8%, and calcium-phosphorus ratio is about 1: 0.9.
(6) due to the particular/special requirement of shell physiology and growth, river crab is higher to the requirement of vitamin, choline and inositol.Vitamin C can participate in chitinous synthesizing in river crab body, makes crust sclerosis normal, improves shell survival rate and growth rate, and can improve the resistance against diseases of river crab; Neo dohyfral D3 is to promoting the absorption of calcium phosphorus in enteron aisle and the deposition in bone base to have important function.Vitamin is subject to high temperature and destroyed in pelletization, and unit with good conditionsi can adopt spraying way.
(7) in animal and fowl fodder formula, corn is one of raw material of consumption maximum, therefore conventionally claim that livestock and poultry material is energy feed.And river crab is low to sugared metabolic capability, higher to protein requirement.The ratio of dietary protein level, animality and vegetable protein all directly affects feed intake, growth rate and the efficiency of feed utilization of crab.In addition, river crab is the same with fish is poikilotherm, body temperature changes with the variation of water temperature, the waste products of proteometabolism is ammonia nitrogen, this metabolisable form is mainly urea and uric acid consumed energy much less than livestock and poultry metabolic waste, and therefore, what river crab utilized is protein substantially, claim that again river crab material is protein feed, this and animal and fowl fodder have bigger difference.River crab digestive organs are simple and short, and digestive tract length is more much smaller than livestock and poultry with the ratio of body length.Glandula digestive is undeveloped, various digestive ferments because of body temperature low activity all not high, in enteron aisle, the bacterial species of digestion and quantity are all less, the time that food stops in digestive tract is significantly shorter than livestock and poultry.Therefore, in feed processing, crab feedstuff requires to have thinner grinding particle size, and under normal circumstances, the material fineness of common fish meal requires all by 40 orders, and crab feed requires more than 95% by 80 orders.Thinner grinding particle size is conducive to improve river crab to the digesting and assimilating of nutriment, and is also conducive to improve mixing uniformity and the grain forming rate of feed, improves the stability of feed granules in water.
(8) river crab ingests as chewing type food, embraces food, utilizes two large chelas that manufactured feed is made a gift to someone in Aristotle's lantern and ground, and then just enters in the mouth, and therefore, requiring river crab compound feed in water, to leach the time must be more than 12h.Reach suitable water stability, can take following measures: 1. increase starch-containing many as follows consumptions of powder, wheat etc. of raw material, in pelletization, after starch gelatinization, produce viscosity, thereby 2. the water stability that increases feed adds the adhesive specially of non-nutritive, what use was maximum at present is high polymer class adhesive, as poly ureaformaldehyde, but this adhesive is with toxic after many, measure in accordance with regulations interpolation and 3. adopt rational processing technology.River crab material needs higher gelatinization degree and water stability, for this reason, the one, the compression ratio of enlarged link mould, can be more than 20, and raw material crushing strength in ring mould increases like this, and agent presses the time longer, can improve the stability of particle in water.The 2nd, adopt 3 grades of quality-adjusting devices, refining temperature more than 90 DEG C, the fully modified starch gelatinization that makes, protein denaturation, has improved digestibility and the resistance to water of feed.In addition, can adopt post curing technique, allow the hot particle of firm depanning continue for some time under hot and humid, make the further gelatinization of starch, pellet is incubated 12min in post curing device, and gelatinized corn starch rate can bring up to 53% by 33.3%.Pellet through post curing can improve resistance to water.
Waterweed is commonly called as " eating unbeaten ", originates in America, is the submerged plant of a kind of high-quality, fast-growing, high yield.Waterweed has fresh, tender, crisp feature, is the good natural bait of river crab.Waterweed nutritious, dry matter accounts for 8.23%, and crude protein is 2.1%, and crude fat is 0.19%, and nitrogen free extract is 2.53%, and cinder is divided into 1.52%, and raw fiber is 1.9%.In its cauline leaf and coring, be rich in vitamin C, vitamin E and cobalamin etc., this can supplement throw something and feed cereal and the multivitamin deficiency of other feeds.Also contain abundant calcium, phosphorus and various trace elements, wherein the content of calcium is particularly outstanding.Waterweed contains 1.9% raw fiber, and this contributes to digestion and the absorption of river crab to multiple food.With the waterweed river crab of feeding, palatability is better, and river crab growth is fast, and feed coefficient is low, can save concentrated feed 30% left and right.Crab pond plantation waterweed, can purify water, and prevents body eutrophication.Waterweed not only can be emitted a large amount of oxygen in photosynthetic process, also can absorb a large amount of harmful ammoniacal nitrogen, carbonic acid gas and the molten lost article of remaining bait and some the organic decomposition thing that in water, constantly produce, these act on stablizing pH value, make water quality keep neutral meta-alkali, increase the transparency of water body, to promoting shell, improve efficiency of feed utilization, improve all important in inhibitings such as quality.Waterweed growth and breeding very fast, often to the summer harvest time, always has many pools mouth to grow to contain because of it and causes full pool pasture and water corruption, causes water pollution, even vast and shrimp crab death.The prosperous length of waterweed and the trouble having fully utilized into shrimp crab raiser, people are generally sawed-off by the waist by waterweed, and the sawed-off pasture and water that swim on the water surface are gathered and dropped in the careless bream pool when green fodder.Sometimes gather too much, careless bream is unable to finish, and just throws away in river levee roadside, lets alone to rot, and has polluted environment.
The demand of egg in life constantly increases, and the egg shell that only food factory, egg processing factory monthly abandon when rubbish just reaches tons up to a hundred, has not only wasted resource and has also polluted environment.In eggshell, contain after testing calcium carbonate 83～85%, protein 15～17%, and contain various trace elements (zinc, copper, manganese, iron, selenium etc.).
Soft crab is a kind of state in river crab process of growth, and soft crab has not only retained the delicious and nourishing of substance crab, also can eat because connecting shell, has increased abundant nutriment, and we can absorb the sixth-largest biological element--the chitin that human body lacks from shell.Chitin is animal fiber element, at occurring in nature, is only present in it shellfish, and chitin has very large effect to human body, energy toxin-expelling and face nourishing, and blood fat-reducing blood pressure-decreasing, reduces cholesterol, and can improve the immunocompetence of human body, plays the effect of cancer-resisting.Chitin is current universal time except motion, the food of the most naturally losing weight, to health without any side effect.Soft crab also contains abundant free calcium, is the best food that old child replenishes the calcium.Along with the lifting of health of people idea, soft crab will be received by people, and soft crab market is more wide.Because soft crab arrives scarcely ever in natural environment, current price is 2～3 times of substance crab.It is very fast that river crab shell has, under a few minutes, tens minutes just can slough off; What have is very slow, needs several hours, and even one or two days.The quality of soft crab depends on the time of finding that river crab has sloughed off shell and taked cooling to process, and the time, more early quality was more excellent, and initial just like a soft meat, quality is best; As time goes on, shell gradual change is hard, and quality is just poor.
A kind of indoor circulating water stereoscopic multipurpose aquatic products ecology rearing device (my another patented product, application number: 201420058088.8), it comprises breeding box, shelf, biofilter, tank, water circulating pump, aquaculture constant temperature machine, aerator and connecting line thereof, it is characterized in that: described breeding box piles up and on shelf, forms three-dimensional culture structure, described breeding box is by casing, the bottom interlayer forming with microwell plate at the bottom of casing, that on box body wall, offers enters osculum and gas transmission pore composition, paving aeration tube at the bottom of described casing, aeration tube is connected with appendix, on aeration tube, cover microwell plate, above microwell plate, spread the mixture of one deck medical stone granule: coral sand particle quartz sand grains, the useful vaccine of splashing in mixture, breeding box is divided into multiple separate rooms by detachable punched-plate, lid is arranged at breeding box top, water inlet pipe is along tank wall direct-furnish, on dismountable water-level regulator, there is filter cap to discharge superfluous water.By being done to insulation, cultivation casing etc. processes to save the energy; Utilize aquaculture constant temperature machine an optimum growth temp to be set for aquatic products; On cultivation bottom half paving aeration tube, cover microwell plate formation bottom interlayer and can pass through micro-pore oxygenation, oxygenation evenly, is not stayed dead angle, is not stimulated aquatic products; On microwell plate, spread mixture the useful vaccine of splashing therein of one deck medical stone granule: coral sand particle quartz sand grains, utilize saturated dissolved oxygen to supply with and cultivate beneficial bacterium, suppress harmful bacteria, decompose the residual bait of ight soil, utilize medical stone granule: Adsorption of Heavy Metals to purify water, utilize coral sand particle to regulate pH value.There is so good substrate, can reduce the generation of aquatic animal disease, laid a solid foundation for producing green non-pollution food; Suitable water temperature, saturated dissolved oxygen can improve density, raising survival rate and the feed conversion rate of aquaculture of aquatic animal, promote aquatic animal to grow, reduce the breeding production cycle.
The application searches element by patent consulting before submitting to, finds that application number 201310237835.4 " indoor water tank of a kind of Eriocheir sinensia is formed method " is feasible, forms but be confined to indoor water tank, can not form industrial aquaculture scale; Application number 91108188.7 " factory-bred river crabs and device thereof ", although also referred to as three-dimensional culture, but there is large hidden danger in the strong degree of bracing frame, do not solve besides the main cause that river crab survival rate the is extremely low-problem of killing each other, and the sick problem of river crab.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the invention is to solve the defect that existing culture of Chinese mitten crab mode exists, according to the growth characteristics of river crab, propose the method for the large specification river crab of a kind of indoor circulating water stereo cultivation and soft crab.By the batch production ecologic breeding of real meaning, can produce in the four seasons, to obtain higher culture benefit.
The object of the invention is to reach by following measure, the method of the large specification river crab of a kind of indoor circulating water stereo cultivation and soft crab comprises cultivation equipment and cultural method, it is characterized in that: described cultivation equipment comprises a kind of indoor circulating water stereoscopic multipurpose aquatic products ecology rearing device (my another patented product, application number: ecology rearing device and the light compensating lamp 201420058088.8) introduced; Described ecology rearing device comprises breeding box, shelf, biofilter, tank, water circulating pump, aquaculture constant temperature machine, aerator and connecting line thereof; Described breeding box is divided into multiple separate rooms by dismountable punching division board; Described cultivation case lid is that transparent material is made; Described light compensating lamp is arranged on the shelf plywood bottom of breeding box top; Before described biofilter and tank water inlet pipe, at least set up a sand filter and water tank, described sand filter is connected with water pump with water tank;
Further, described cultivation equipment adds monitoring camera, and described monitoring camera is arranged on the light compensating lamp side, shelf plywood bottom of breeding box top, and described monitoring camera is connected with the display screen in Control Room;
Described cultural method comprises as follows:
(1) material:
(1) source of seedlings of milieu crab: the crab kind of selecting authentic ChangJiang River;
(2) source of waterweed: from pond, the waters such as lake, river is transplanted or stem is planted;
(3) breeding box is prepared: at the bottom of breeding box, lay one deck medical stone granule:, coral sand particle, zeolite granular, the mixture of quartzy sand grains and a small amount of earth;
(4) aquaculture water: with water pump from natural river district or underground water well extract fresh water to sand filter, arrive water tank through sand filtration, in water tank, water sterilization is sterilized, precipitate after 24 hours, enter biofilter, in biofilter, add a few bag zeolite granulars in order to remove salinity in water, then enter tank, finally squeeze into breeding box by water circulating pump;
(2) method:
(1) seed is put front preparation in a suitable place to breed:
1. equipment and use instrument sterilization: by the bottom of breeding box, tank wall and all medical stone granule :s, coral sand particle, zeolite granular, quartzy sand grains, earth, biofilter and tank material therefor all clean and disinfect, place laid again after 4 hours, inject the fresh water that filtration treatment is crossed, to water body disinfection sterilization, ON cycle water pump, allows water circulation get up to the pipeline sterilization that carries out disinfection; After 24 hours, the useful vaccine of splashing in filter material for biological filter and breeding box, opens aerator, aquaculture constant temperature machine, Temperature Setting, at 22 ± 1 DEG C, is kept to dissolved oxygen amount 8 about mg/litre, minimum can not be lower than 5 mg/litre, support water about two days, cultivated beneficial bacterium;
2. the cultivation of waterweed: equipment cleaning and sterilizing is complete, by first the waterweed collecting disinfection, be cut into the stem of 10 centimeter length, then in the silt in each separate room, plant waterweed along the direction of current, centre reserves the space of river crab activity, water-level regulator is adjusted to 10 centimetres high, open water intaking valve, keep 10 centimetres of water levels, water flow velocity is transferred to 10cm/s left and right, open light compensating lamp daytime, setting intensity of illumination is 2000～6000 luxs, accelerates the growth of waterweed;
3. the preparation of bait: the fertile mud of place mat 5 cm thicks at the bottom of special breeding box, plant the pasture and water such as waterweed, support upper river snail, river snail will first be disinfected before entering breeding box; The close a little point that punching division board in breeding box can be put, so that river snail climbing increases cultivation quantity; Water flow velocity is transferred to 10cm/s left and right, keeps dissolved oxygen amount 8 mg/litre left and right, the offcuts such as dish leaf, rice bran, soya-bean cake, dish cake and a pluck of throwing something and feeding for every 2～3 days, allow its breed, for follow-up culture of Chinese mitten crab is got living bait ready;
(2) seed is put in a suitable place to breed and daily management:
1. the selection of seed with put in a suitable place to breed: the cultivation quantity of appraising and deciding according to equipment, choose the button crab of authentic ChangJiang River, require energy strong, four limbs are sound, shell colour cast Huang, does not present precocious symptom; The crab kind of buying back, first disinfect, and then another separate room is put one;
2. change water: be circulating water cultivation due to what adopt, water-level regulator is adjusted to 20～25 centimetres high, keep 20～25 centimetres of water levels, water flow velocity is transferred to 10cm/s left and right;
3. inflation: adjust air volume regulating valve, make bubble be vaporific slow floating, keep inflation uninterruptedly, keep dissolved oxygen amount 8 mg/litre left and right in water body, minimum can not be lower than 5 mg/litre;
4. light filling: owing to adopting three-dimensional culture, breeding box light is blocked to some extent, can affect the growth of waterweed and river crab, therefore, will open light compensating lamp daytime every day 4～6 hours, intermittently open light compensating lamp evening for observing river crab shell situation, intensity of illumination is 2000～6000 luxs; To green crab phase of river crab maturation, can the proper extension light filling time to 8 hour;
5. bait feeding: bait throwing in every day 2 times, day feeding volume is 10% of river crab body weight, the visual river crab situation of ingesting is grasped flexibly, 5～6 o'clock of the morning throws something and feeds once, feeding volume accounts for 20～30% of whole day amount, 5～6 o'clock of afternoon throws something and feeds once, and feeding volume accounts for 70～80% of whole day amount, and bait is river crab complete compound granular feed; Bait preferably oneself is prepared, can strictly hold like this materials pass and economical, materials have the drying powder of waterweed, wheat gluten, fresh-water fishes shrimp med, egg-shell meal, medical stone powder, zeolite powder, animal blood meal, fish oil, feed-level calcium biphosphate etc., various powder fineness requirement 100 order left and right, the vegetative stage different according to river crab, ratio to various materials is allocated, and after fully mixing, uses granulator granulation; The little river crab having no commercial value of the sex premature that also can use fresh goods waterweed and chilled fresh water fishes and shrimps and abandoned, fully rub with meat grinder, twist while add other material such as wheat gluten, egg-shell meal, medical stone powder, zeolite powder, animal blood meal, fish oil, feed-level calcium biphosphate, after allowing it fully mix, use granulator granulation, ingredient requirement is fresh clean, before processing, will do disinfection processing; Pull sky river-snail sheil every day out, then the river snail of throwing something and feeding several work to every river crab; Due to waterweed be river crab good adhere to veil, be again the bait of river crab high-quality, should often supplement as required; The principle that river crab bait uses is: yellow crab phase bait must reduce the content of salt, reduces the use of energy feed, reduces the use of short property foodstuff as far as possible;
6. daily management: observe that river crab ingests every day, growth and streamflow regime; Detect every day to water quality, keeps pH value 7.0～8.5, if find, pH value is on the low side, and the limewash of just splashing in tank is proofreaied and correct; Regularly toward splash in tank calcium chloride and feed-level calcium biphosphate solution; Owing to being stamped filter cap on water-level regulator, it can stop the escape of river crab, and the waterweed obstruction that also can be bitten broken by river crab causes emitting excessive, should be noted that removing; Because river crab is " expert climbs to a higher point ", cultivation case lid be closed to jail, in case river crab escapes; Conscientiously carry out the growth of river crab and measure, perform record, for bait throwing in, subsequent production management provide foundation; Be the cultivation of cycle water constant temperature due to what adopt, finish after bait, just can be sitting in Control Room and observe crab growing state by display, and place on record.Those continuous crabs that do not eat food for or two days are wanted to special concern, observe per a quarter of an hour to half an hour one time, find that there is the crab that reaches commercial specification of shell, take out at once, do low temperature treatment;
7. the results of soft crab: for the high-quality soft crab of firm shell that reaches commercial specification, to take out at once, be put in the water of 2～5 DEG C and soak about 20 minutes, from refrigerator-freezer, take out simultaneously and soaked in advance water and sponge and the storage-transport vessel (my 201420141618.5 1 kinds of novel portable live-water products storage-transport vessels of another patented product-application number) of the quarrel of having frozen, sponge is laid in container, put soft crab, capping, oxygenation, sealing, putting into refrigerator-freezer refrigerates soft crab alive for sale or inserts insulation bag (my 201420159305.2 1 kinds of reinforcement thermal-insulating type insulation bags of another patented product-application number) delivery, allow client enjoy soft crab alive, also can freezing sale ice soft crab, for the poor soft crab of the somewhat hard matter of the shell of missing opportunity, just continue supporting,
8. along with river crab grows up day by day, original separate room of living can hold any more, at this moment will on one side separate room be amplified lower the dismounting of punching division board, shifts out another river crab;
9. the management of green crab phase: male crab, female crab are separately raised to the living food such as the river crab complete compound granular feed that at this moment can throw something and feed commercially available and earthworm, bread worm, silkworm chrysalis, river snail, proper extension light filling time to 8 hour at different breeding box;
(3) points for attention: 1. indoor circulating water cultivation is very strong to the dependence of power supply, necessary house generator, in case have a power failure, otherwise consequence will be heavy; 2. the ghost of river crab under sloughing off, both can mix in bait, also can collect sale; 3. this method also can be used for river crab breeding and seedling, when breeding and seedling, should establish a set of special equipment, and aquaculture water used must salt adding.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: with traditional breeding way comparison, owing to being at indoor circulating water three-dimensional culture, sharpest edges of the present invention are that all cultivating conditions are controlled: a. can save the energy by cultivation casing etc. is done to insulation processing, reduces electric power expenditure; B. utilize aquaculture constant temperature machine a best growth temperature to be set for river crab, constant temperature cultivation can reduce the speed that river crab effective accumulated temperature increases; C. interlayer is arranged to in breeding box bottom, by interlayer micro-pore oxygenation, can oxygenation evenly, not stay dead angle, not stimulate river crab, make dissolved oxygen keep saturated, the needs of river crab growth were so both ensured, can utilize again saturated dissolved oxygen to supply with and cultivate beneficial bacterium, suppress harmful bacteria, decompose the residual bait of ight soil, utilize medical stone granule: Adsorption of Heavy Metals to purify water, utilize coral sand particle to regulate pH value, there is good substrate, can reduce the generation of river crab disease, lay a solid foundation for producing green non-pollution food; D. can adjust the composition of aquaculture water at any time, keep water quality high-quality, ensure that river crab shell needs; E. agreeable to the taste bait, turns waste into wealth, and meat and vegetables collocation is more nutritious also to save money; F. pay equally, cultivate soft crab and large specification river crab, culture benefit is higher, by monitoring camera, reduces labour intensity, saves labor cost; G. allow river crab live separate room, stopped to kill each other between river crab, can make river crab survival rate reach more than 95% and even 100%, reduced the expense of purchasing crab kind, and the rate of recapture ensures 100%; H. three-dimensional culture can make the availability that cultivates factory building reach 130%～160%; I. ecologic breeding, the crab of producing and soft crab quality, apparently higher than the crab of natural world growth and the crab of other approach cultivation, can be applied for Organic certification; J. no longer see and day have a meal, ensure stable and high yields, efficient; K. the investment that looks of indoor circulating water three-dimensional culture river crab is larger, but sees for a long time the benefit that can obtain than the high decades of times of other breeding way.This method also can be used for river crab breeding and seedling.
Embodiment:
The method of the large specification river crab of a kind of indoor circulating water stereo cultivation and soft crab comprises cultivation equipment and cultural method, it is characterized in that: described cultivation equipment comprises a kind of indoor circulating water stereoscopic multipurpose aquatic products ecology rearing device (my another patented product, application number: ecology rearing device and the light compensating lamp 201420058088.8) introduced; Described ecology rearing device comprises breeding box, shelf, biofilter, tank, water circulating pump, aquaculture constant temperature machine, aerator and connecting line thereof; Described breeding box is divided into multiple separate rooms by dismountable punching division board; Described cultivation case lid is that transparent material is made; Described light compensating lamp is arranged on the shelf plywood bottom of breeding box top; Before described biofilter and tank water inlet pipe, at least set up a sand filter and water tank, described sand filter is connected with water pump with water tank;
Further, described cultivation equipment adds monitoring camera, and described monitoring camera is arranged on the light compensating lamp side, shelf plywood bottom of breeding box top, and described monitoring camera is connected with the display screen in Control Room;
Described cultural method comprises as follows:
(1) material:
(1) source of seedlings of milieu crab: the crab kind of selecting authentic ChangJiang River;
(2) source of waterweed: from pond, the waters such as lake, river is transplanted or stem is planted;
(3) breeding box is prepared: at the bottom of breeding box, lay medical stone granule:, coral sand particle, zeolite granular, the mixture of quartzy sand grains and a small amount of earth of one deck particle diameter 0.5～3mm, 3～5 centimetres of thickness;
(4) aquaculture water: with water pump from natural river district or underground water well extract fresh water to sand filter, arrive water tank through sand filtration, ClO 2 solution with 0.5ppm in water tank is sterilized to water sterilization, precipitate after 24 hours, enter biofilter, in biofilter, add a few bag zeolite granulars in order to remove salinity in water, then enter tank, finally squeeze into breeding box by water circulating pump;
(2) method:
(1) seed is put front preparation in a suitable place to breed:
1. equipment and use instrument sterilization: by the bottom of breeding box, tank wall and the whole liquor potassic permanganate disinfections of cleaning and use ClO 2 solution or the 20ppm of 20ppm of all medical stone granule :s, coral sand particle, zeolite granular, quartzy sand grains, earth, biofilter and tank material therefor, place laid again after 4 hours, inject the fresh water that filtration treatment is crossed, with the ClO 2 solution of 0.5ppm to water body disinfection sterilization, ON cycle water pump, allows water circulation get up to the pipeline sterilization that carries out disinfection; After 24 hours, the useful vaccine-bacillus of splashing in filter material for biological filter and breeding box, opens aerator, aquaculture constant temperature machine, Temperature Setting, at 22 ± 1 DEG C, is kept to dissolved oxygen amount 8 about mg/litre, minimum can not be lower than 5 mg/litre, support water about two days, cultivated beneficial bacterium;
2. the cultivation of waterweed: equipment cleaning and sterilizing is complete, the waterweed collecting is first soaked 5 minutes with the ClO 2 solution of 5ppm or the liquor potassic permanganate of 5ppm, after disinfecting, be cut into the stem of 10 centimeter length, in the silt in each separate room, plant waterweed along the direction of current again, centre reserves the space of river crab activity, water-level regulator is adjusted to 10 centimetres high, open water intaking valve, keep 10 centimetres of water levels, water flow velocity is transferred to 10cm/s left and right, open light compensating lamp daytime, setting intensity of illumination is 2000～6000 luxs, accelerates the growth of waterweed;
3. the preparation of bait: the fertile mud of place mat 5 cm thicks at the bottom of special breeding box, plant the pasture and water such as waterweed, support upper river snail, river snail will first be soaked and disinfect for 5 minutes with the ClO 2 solution of 5ppm or the liquor potassic permanganate of 5ppm before entering breeding box; The close a little point that punching division board in breeding box can be put, so that river snail climbing increases cultivation quantity; Water flow velocity is transferred to 10cm/s left and right, keeps dissolved oxygen amount 8 mg/litre left and right, the offcuts such as dish leaf, rice bran, soya-bean cake, dish cake and a pluck of throwing something and feeding for every 2～3 days, allow its breed, for follow-up culture of Chinese mitten crab is got living bait ready;
(2) seed is put in a suitable place to breed and daily management:
1. the selection of seed with put in a suitable place to breed: the cultivation quantity of appraising and deciding according to equipment, choose the button crab of authentic ChangJiang River, require energy strong, four limbs are sound, shell colour cast Huang, does not present precocious symptom; The crab kind of buying back, first soak and disinfect for 5 minutes with the ClO 2 solution of 5ppm or the liquor potassic permanganate of 5ppm, and then another separate room is put one;
2. change water: be circulating water cultivation due to what adopt, water-level regulator is adjusted to 20～25 centimetres high, keep 20～25 centimetres of water levels, water flow velocity is transferred to 10cm/s left and right;
3. inflation: adjust air volume regulating valve, make bubble be vaporific slow floating, keep inflation uninterruptedly, keep dissolved oxygen amount 8 mg/litre left and right in water body, minimum can not be lower than 5 mg/litre;
4. light filling: owing to adopting three-dimensional culture, breeding box light is blocked to some extent, can affect the growth of waterweed and river crab, therefore, will open light compensating lamp daytime every day 4～6 hours, intermittently open light compensating lamp evening for observing river crab shell situation, intensity of illumination is 2000～6000 luxs; To green crab phase of river crab maturation, can the proper extension light filling time to 8 hour;
5. bait feeding: bait throwing in every day 2 times, day feeding volume is 10% of river crab body weight, the visual river crab situation of ingesting is grasped flexibly, 5～6 o'clock of the morning throws something and feeds once, feeding volume accounts for 20～30% of whole day amount, 5～6 o'clock of afternoon throws something and feeds once, and feeding volume accounts for 70～80% of whole day amount, and bait is river crab complete compound granular feed; Bait preferably oneself is prepared, can strictly hold like this materials pass and economical, materials have the drying powder of waterweed, wheat gluten, fresh-water fishes shrimp med, egg-shell meal, medical stone powder, zeolite powder, animal blood meal, fish oil, feed-level calcium biphosphate etc., various powder fineness requirement 100 order left and right, the vegetative stage different according to river crab, ratio to various materials is allocated, and after fully mixing, uses granulator granulation; The little river crab having no commercial value of the sex premature that also can use fresh goods waterweed and chilled fresh water fishes and shrimps and abandoned, fully rub with meat grinder, twist while add other material such as wheat gluten, egg-shell meal, medical stone powder, zeolite powder, animal blood meal, fish oil, feed-level calcium biphosphate, after allowing it fully mix, use granulator granulation, ingredient requirement is fresh clean, before processing, will do disinfection processing; Pull sky river-snail sheil every day out, then the river snail of throwing something and feeding several work to every river crab; Due to waterweed be river crab good adhere to veil, be again the bait of river crab high-quality, should often supplement as required; The principle that river crab bait uses is: yellow crab phase bait must reduce the content of salt, reduces the use of energy feed, reduces the use of short property foodstuff as far as possible;
6. daily management: observe that river crab ingests every day, growth and streamflow regime; Detect every day to water quality, keeps pH value 7.0～8.5, if find, pH value is on the low side, and the limewash of just splashing in tank is proofreaied and correct; Regularly toward splash in tank calcium chloride and feed-level calcium biphosphate solution; Owing to being stamped filter cap on water-level regulator, it can stop the escape of river crab, and the waterweed obstruction that also can be bitten broken by river crab causes emitting excessive, should be noted that removing; Because river crab is " expert climbs to a higher point ", cultivation case lid be closed to jail, in case river crab escapes; Conscientiously carry out the growth of river crab and measure, perform record, for bait throwing in, subsequent production management provide foundation; Be the cultivation of cycle water constant temperature due to what adopt, finish after bait, just can be sitting in Control Room and observe crab growing state by display, and place on record.Those continuous crabs that do not eat food for or two days are wanted to special concern, observe per a quarter of an hour to half an hour one time, find that there is the crab that reaches commercial specification of shell, take out at once, do low temperature treatment;
7. the results of soft crab: for the high-quality soft crab of firm shell that reaches commercial specification, to take out at once, be put in the water of 2～5 DEG C and soak about 20 minutes, from refrigerator-freezer, take out simultaneously and soaked in advance water and sponge and the storage-transport vessel (my 201420141618.5 1 kinds of novel portable live-water products storage-transport vessels of another patented product-application number) of the quarrel of having frozen, sponge is laid in container, put soft crab, capping, oxygenation, sealing, putting into refrigerator-freezer refrigerates soft crab alive for sale or inserts insulation bag (my 201420159305.2 1 kinds of reinforcement thermal-insulating type insulation bags of another patented product-application number) delivery, allow client enjoy soft crab alive, also can freezing sale ice soft crab, for the poor soft crab of the somewhat hard matter of the shell of missing opportunity, just continue supporting,
8. along with river crab grows up day by day, original separate room of living can hold any more, at this moment will on one side separate room be amplified lower the dismounting of punching division board, shifts out another river crab;
9. the management of green crab phase: male crab, female crab are separately raised to the river crab complete compound granular feed that at this moment can throw something and feed commercially available at different breeding box; The proper extension light filling time to 8 hour;
(3) points for attention: 1. indoor circulating water cultivation is very strong to the dependence of power supply, necessary house generator, in case have a power failure, otherwise consequence will be heavy; 2. the ghost of river crab under sloughing off, both can mix in bait, also can collect sale; 3. this method also can be used for river crab breeding and seedling, when breeding and seedling, should establish a set of special equipment, and aquaculture water used must salt adding.
How is indoor circulating water three-dimensional culture river crab benefit? can on earth whether like this common people be puzzled by indoor circulating water three-dimensional culture, think that it need to invest very greatly, and input-output ratio is uneconomical,? can understand once doing accounts.For example 7 meters wide, 25 meters long rooms, can meet putting and aisle of 80 groups of equipment, four layers of every group of equipment have 4 breeding box, each breeding box specification is 1.3 meters * 0.65 meter, area is 0.845 square meter, may be partitioned into 2, the especially big separate room of 8, the large separate room of 18, the middle separate room of 32 of the cubicles of 16 centimetres * 16 centimetres or 21 centimetres * 21 centimetres or 32 centimetres * 32 centimetres or 65 centimetres * 65 centimetres.Region, known Yangcheng Lake East Lake, 460 grams of crab king net weight, crab height 10.3cm, wide 9.6cm, total length 47.3cm, 350 grams of net weight after crab, crab height 9.2cm, wide 8.7cm, total length 43.2cm.Every group of equipment can be supported 128 of crabs, and one batch of 80 groups of equipment can be supported 10240 of crabs.Have and a bit need to understand, this cultivation equipment is in indoor use, can use more than 10 years.Invest 80 groups of equipment and approximately need 700,000 yuan of left and right, power supply 10kw left and right (aquaculture constant temperature machine accounts for major part, but it can not be started shooting continuously).Grow to green crab and approximately need to slough off shell 5～6 times from 10 grams/button crab only, each shell weightening finish amplitude is not etc., greatly about 50～150%, by normal shell increase weight 100% left and right calculate, it is not impossible cultivating 320～640 grams/river crab only, beginning is purchased 10240 button crabs, the conservative survival rate 95% (taller) of pressing is calculated and can be gathered in the crops 9728, gross weight is 3112960 grams～6225920 grams, exceed the 250 grams of above large size lock of superfine crabs by every, go out 260 yuan/500 grams calculations of lake valency, can take in 1618739.2 yuan～3237478.4 yuan; And the time needing, early stage young crab shell number of times is comparatively frequent conventionally, and along with continuous growth, shell successively extends interval time, and according to observations greatly about 3～20 days, cultivating one batch of river crab approximately needs 3～4 months.In long, calculate, 4 months power consumptions, 28800 degree at most, calculate the electricity charge by 1.2 yuan of every degree electricity and are at most 34560 yuan.Deduction is bought 10240 yuan of the expenses of button juvenile crab, and the expense of bait, labour cost, and profit is still very considerable.If can utilize the advantage of indoor circulating water cultivation, change the growth characteristics (this is also in exploring) of river crab, accomplish annual free of discontinuities circulation production, culture benefit also can be higher.And purse seine culture of Chinese mitten crab, 0.4 of the crab kind that every square metre of average stocking size in waters is 120～200/kilogram, be equivalent to 267,1 mu of cultivation waters, allow its survival rate reach 100%, average specification 250 grams (being difficult to reach) is calculated, gross weight is 66750 grams, presses out 260 yuan/500 grams calculations of lake valency, can take in 34710 yuan.From results product quantity, a factory building less than 200 square meters at least can be worth 36 mu of purse seine culture of Chinese mitten crab waters; From income, a factory building less than 200 square meters at least can be worth 46～47 mu of purse seine culture of Chinese mitten crab waters toward having lacked to calculate.Obvious effect be! These potentiality wherein are not also calculated.
Claims (6)
1. the method for the large specification river crab of indoor circulating water stereo cultivation and soft crab comprises cultivation equipment and cultural method.
2. the method for the large specification river crab of a kind of indoor circulating water stereo cultivation according to claim 1 and soft crab, is characterized in that described cultivation equipment comprises a kind of indoor circulating water stereoscopic multipurpose aquatic products ecology rearing device (application number: ecology rearing device and the light compensating lamp 201420058088.8) introduced; Described ecology rearing device comprises breeding box, shelf, biofilter, tank, water circulating pump, aquaculture constant temperature machine, aerator and connecting line thereof; Described breeding box is divided into multiple separate rooms by dismountable punching division board; Described cultivation case lid is that transparent material is made; Described light compensating lamp is arranged on the shelf plywood bottom of breeding box top; Before described biofilter and tank water inlet pipe, at least set up a sand filter and water tank, described sand filter is connected with water pump with water tank.
3. the method for the large specification river crab of a kind of indoor circulating water stereo cultivation according to claim 1 and soft crab, it is characterized in that described cultivation equipment adds monitoring camera, described monitoring camera is arranged on the light compensating lamp side, shelf plywood bottom of breeding box top, and described monitoring camera is connected with the display screen in Control Room.
4. the method for the large specification river crab of a kind of indoor circulating water stereo cultivation according to claim 1 and soft crab, is characterized in that described cultural method comprises as follows:
(1) material:
(1) source of seedlings of milieu crab: the crab kind of selecting authentic ChangJiang River;
(2) source of waterweed: from pond, the waters such as lake, river is transplanted or stem is planted;
(3) breeding box is prepared: at the bottom of breeding box, lay one deck medical stone granule:, coral sand particle, zeolite granular, the mixture of quartzy sand grains and a small amount of earth;
(4) aquaculture water: with water pump from natural river district or underground water well extract fresh water to sand filter, arrive water tank through sand filtration, in water tank, water sterilization is sterilized, precipitate after 24 hours, enter biofilter, in biofilter, add a few bag zeolite granulars in order to remove salinity in water, then enter tank, finally squeeze into breeding box by water circulating pump;
(2) method:
(1) seed is put front preparation in a suitable place to breed:
1. equipment and use instrument sterilization: by the bottom of breeding box, tank wall and all medical stone granule :s, coral sand particle, zeolite granular, quartzy sand grains, earth, biofilter and tank material therefor all clean and disinfect, place laid again after 4 hours, inject the fresh water that filtration treatment is crossed, to water body disinfection sterilization, ON cycle water pump, allows water circulation get up to the pipeline sterilization that carries out disinfection; After 24 hours, the useful vaccine of splashing in filter material for biological filter and breeding box, opens aerator, aquaculture constant temperature machine, Temperature Setting, at 22 ± 1 DEG C, is kept to dissolved oxygen amount 8 about mg/litre, minimum can not be lower than 5 mg/litre, support water about two days, cultivated beneficial bacterium;
2. the cultivation of waterweed: equipment cleaning and sterilizing is complete, by first the waterweed collecting disinfection, be cut into the stem of 10 centimeter length, then in the silt in each separate room, plant waterweed along the direction of current, centre reserves the space of river crab activity, water-level regulator is adjusted to 10 centimetres high, open water intaking valve, keep 10 centimetres of water levels, water flow velocity is transferred to 10cm/s left and right, open light compensating lamp daytime, setting intensity of illumination is 2000～6000 luxs, accelerates the growth of waterweed;
3. the preparation of bait: the fertile mud of place mat 5 cm thicks at the bottom of special breeding box, plant the pasture and water such as waterweed, support upper river snail, river snail will first be disinfected before entering breeding box; The close a little point that punching division board in breeding box can be put, so that river snail climbing increases cultivation quantity; Water flow velocity is transferred to 10cm/s left and right, keeps dissolved oxygen amount 8 mg/litre left and right, the offcuts such as dish leaf, rice bran, soya-bean cake, dish cake and a pluck of throwing something and feeding for every 2～3 days, allow its breed, for follow-up culture of Chinese mitten crab is got living bait ready;
(2) seed is put in a suitable place to breed and daily management:
1. the selection of seed with put in a suitable place to breed: the cultivation quantity of appraising and deciding according to equipment, choose the button crab of authentic ChangJiang River, require energy strong, four limbs are sound, shell colour cast Huang, does not present precocious symptom; The crab kind of buying back, first disinfect, and then another separate room is put one;
2. change water: be circulating water cultivation due to what adopt, water-level regulator is adjusted to 20～25 centimetres high, keep 20～25 centimetres of water levels, water flow velocity is transferred to 10cm/s left and right;
3. inflation: adjust air volume regulating valve, make bubble be vaporific slow floating, keep inflation uninterruptedly, keep dissolved oxygen amount 8 mg/litre left and right in water body, minimum can not be lower than 5 mg/litre;
4. light filling: owing to adopting three-dimensional culture, breeding box light is blocked to some extent, can affect the growth of waterweed and river crab, therefore, will open light compensating lamp daytime every day 4～6 hours, intermittently open light compensating lamp evening for observing river crab shell situation, intensity of illumination is 2000～6000 luxs; To green crab phase of river crab maturation, can the proper extension light filling time to 8 hour;
5. bait feeding: bait throwing in every day 2 times, day feeding volume is 10% of river crab body weight, the visual river crab situation of ingesting is grasped flexibly, 5～6 o'clock of the morning throws something and feeds once, feeding volume accounts for 20～30% of whole day amount, 5～6 o'clock of afternoon throws something and feeds once, and feeding volume accounts for 70～80% of whole day amount, and bait is river crab complete compound granular feed; Pull sky river-snail sheil every day out, then the river snail of throwing something and feeding several work to every river crab; Due to waterweed be river crab good adhere to veil, be again the bait of river crab high-quality, should often supplement as required; The principle that river crab bait uses is: yellow crab phase bait must reduce the content of salt, reduces the use of energy feed, reduces the use of short property foodstuff as far as possible;
6. daily management: observe that river crab ingests every day, growth and streamflow regime; Detect every day to water quality, keeps pH value 7.0～8.5, if find, pH value is on the low side, and the limewash of just splashing in tank is proofreaied and correct; Regularly toward splash in tank calcium chloride and feed-level calcium biphosphate solution; Owing to being stamped filter cap on water-level regulator, it can stop the escape of river crab, and the waterweed obstruction that also can be bitten broken by river crab causes emitting excessive, should be noted that removing; Because river crab is " expert climbs to a higher point ", cultivation case lid be closed to jail, in case river crab escapes; Conscientiously carry out the growth of river crab and measure, perform record, for bait throwing in, subsequent production management provide foundation; Be the cultivation of cycle water constant temperature due to what adopt, finish after bait, just can be sitting in Control Room and observe crab growing state by display, and place on record.Those continuous crabs that do not eat food for or two days are wanted to special concern, observe per a quarter of an hour to half an hour one time, find that there is the crab that reaches commercial specification of shell, take out at once, do low temperature treatment;
7. the results of soft crab: for the high-quality soft crab of firm shell that reaches commercial specification, to take out at once, be put in the water of 2～5 DEG C and soak about 20 minutes, from refrigerator-freezer, take out the sponge and the storage-transport vessel that had soaked in advance water and frozen quarrel simultaneously, sponge is laid in container, put soft crab, capping, oxygenation, sealing, put into refrigerator-freezer and refrigerate soft crab alive for sale or insert the delivery of insulation bag, allow client enjoy soft crab alive; Also can freezing sale ice soft crab; For the poor soft crab of the somewhat hard matter of the shell of missing opportunity, just continue supporting;
8. along with river crab grows up day by day, original separate room of living can hold any more, at this moment will on one side separate room be amplified lower the dismounting of punching division board, shifts out another river crab;
9. the management of green crab phase: male crab, female crab are separately raised to the living food such as the river crab complete compound granular feed that at this moment can throw something and feed commercially available and earthworm, bread worm, silkworm chrysalis, river snail, proper extension light filling time to 8 hour at different breeding box;
(3) points for attention:
1. indoor circulating water cultivation is very strong to the dependence of power supply, necessary house generator, in case have a power failure, otherwise consequence will be heavy;
2. the ghost of river crab under sloughing off, both can mix in bait, also can collect sale;
3. this method also can be used for river crab breeding and seedling, when breeding and seedling, should establish a set of special equipment, and aquaculture water used must salt adding.
5. the method for the large specification river crab of a kind of indoor circulating water stereo cultivation according to claim 4 and soft crab; it is characterized in that described river crab bait materials have the drying powder of waterweed, wheat gluten, fresh-water fishes shrimp med, egg-shell meal, medical stone powder, zeolite powder, animal blood meal, fish oil, feed-level calcium biphosphate etc.; various powder fineness requirement 100 order left and right; the vegetative stage different according to river crab; ratio to various materials is allocated; after fully mixing, use granulator granulation.
6. the method for the large specification river crab of a kind of indoor circulating water stereo cultivation according to claim 4 and soft crab; the little river crab having no commercial value of the sex premature that it is characterized in that described river crab bait use fresh goods waterweed and chilled fresh water fishes and shrimps and abandoned; fully rub with meat grinder; twist while add other material such as wheat gluten, egg-shell meal, medical stone powder, zeolite powder, animal blood meal, fish oil, feed-level calcium biphosphate; after allowing it fully mix; use granulator granulation; ingredient requirement is fresh clean, before processing, will do disinfection processing.
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| CN107836387A (en) * | 2017-10-28 | 2018-03-27 | 华中农业大学 | Crab culture experiment system and its application based on LED light spectrum |
| CN109699546A (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2019-05-03 | 周爱民 | A kind of high-yield and high-efficiency cultural method of river crab |
| CN111436391A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-07-24 | 宁波大学 | Domestication method for enabling scylla paramamosain fries to adapt to saline-alkali soil water area culture |
| CN112106706A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2020-12-22 | 王智刚 | Large-scale aquaculture technology for snail and shellfish aquatic products and annual production system |
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| CN114166092A (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-03-11 | 山东省淡水渔业研究院（山东省淡水渔业监测中心） | Comprehensive measuring instrument for measuring main body indexes of eriocheir sinensis |
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