CN103782956A - Greenhouse biology breeding method for turtles - Google Patents
Greenhouse biology breeding method for turtles Download PDFInfo
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- CN103782956A CN103782956A CN201410050651.1A CN201410050651A CN103782956A CN 103782956 A CN103782956 A CN 103782956A CN 201410050651 A CN201410050651 A CN 201410050651A CN 103782956 A CN103782956 A CN 103782956A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a greenhouse biology breeding method for turtles. The method includes the steps that healthy turtle fries are placed and bred in a greenhouse breeding pond, the breeding density is controlled to be 35-40 fries/m<2>, and the water temperature of the breeding pond is controlled to at 28 DEG C-32 DEG C; in the breeding process, water is not changed, outdoor sewage discharging is performed one half hour after bait throwing is finished each time, and water supplementing is performed after the last-time sewage discharging is finished per day; quick lime and microecologics are alternatively used for adjusting the quality of breeding water bodies; dietary traditional Chinese herbal medicines are splashed at the second day after the quick lime is used; in the breeding process, turtle feedstuff are thrown for feeding the turtles; the throwing-feeding frequency is that at a juvenile soft shell turtle stage, throwing and feeding are performed at 6:00, 12:00, 18:00 and 23:00 per day; at a young turtle stage, throwing and feeding are performed at 6:00, 12:00 and 18:00 per day; at an adult turtle stage, throwing and feeding are performed at 6:00 and 18:00 per day. Through the control over water quality, quantity of thrown baits, biological feedstuff and others, the turtles are bred in a high yield and high quality mode.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of soft-shelled turtle greenhouse biology culture method, belong to technical field of aquaculture.
Background technology
Between feed and water quality, there is contact closely.The gluttonous good food of soft-shelled turtle, food-intake is larger.But too much bait feeding, soft-shelled turtle can not eat a large amount of residual baits of generation on the one hand, and the large excretion of soft-shelled turtle food-intake also can increase on the other hand, and residual bait and excreta all can cause the pollution to water body.Wherein, residual bait is one of main reason of water quality deterioration, shows as the rising of water body ammonia nitrogen and the reduction of oxygen content, especially light tight greenhouse, and this impact is more obvious.In addition, the moist hot environment in greenhouse is beneficial to multiplying of pathogen, organicly in water body increases the also growth for pathogen good condition is provided, and increases to a certain extent the risk that soft-shelled turtle catches an illness.For keeping good water quality, be necessary to avoid residual bait to damage water quality by controlling daily ration, feeding quantity.Meanwhile, the deterioration of water quality has a significant effect to the growth of soft-shelled turtle.The researchs such as Qian Guoying show, in the time that water body dissolved oxygen amount declines, ammonia-nitrogen content rises, are having a strong impact on ingesting of soft-shelled turtle; Although soft-shelled turtle can survive in the environment of hypoxemia, high ammonia nitrogen, because its food ration declines, the change of biochemical cumulative process and growth rate is declined in body in addition.Strengthen throwing feeding tube reason and water quality management, soft-shelled turtle rapid growth is had to vital effect.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide soft-shelled turtle greenhouse biology culture method.Facts have proved, can significantly improve the growth rate of soft-shelled turtle according to the inventive method, is a kind of breeding soft-shell turtle technology of high yield and high quality.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of soft-shelled turtle greenhouse biology culture method, it is characterized in that,
(1) in greenhouse cultivation pool, put the healthy soft-shelled turtle seed of high-quality in a suitable place to breed, cultivation density is controlled at 35 ~ 40/m2, and culturing pool temperature control is at 28 ~ 32 ℃; In breeding process, do not change water, carry out outdoor blowdown the half an hour after each bait throwing in finishes, and after last blowdown every day finishes, carries out moisturizing;
(2) be used alternatingly quicklime and probiotics and regulate breeding water body water quality; The working concentration of described quicklime is 30 ~ 50mg/L water body; Described probiotics is EM bacterium, and usage amount is for reaching 6 × 10 according to every mu of water body containing viable count
13~ 6 × 10
14cfu; Being used alternatingly of described quicklime and probiotics be spaced apart 15 ~ 20 days young seedling stages (that is to say quicklime to use interval twice be 30 ~ 40 days, lower with), 7 ~ 10 days young soft-shelled turtle phases;
(3) use the 2nd day Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations of splashing after quicklime; Every mu of usage amount of described each Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations is: rheum officinale 2.5 ~ 5g, fresh calamus 10 ~ 12g, gall nut 2 ~ 4g, dry Chinese tallowtree leaf 2 ~ 5g, leek 20 ~ 30g, soya bean 10 ~ 20g;
Wherein, rheum officinale is soaked to 40-80 minute with 2% limewash, by 2% limewash immersion 10-15 hour for fresh calamus, boils 5-15min, by 3% salt decocting juice for dry Chinese tallowtree leaf, by leek shred together with soya bean, defibrination; After finally mixing, splash to water body together with water band slag.
(4) soft-shelled turtle feed of throwing something and feeding in breeding process; The described frequency of throwing something and feeding is the young soft-shelled turtle phase, to throw something and feed at 6:00,12:00,18:00, the 23:00 of every day; Children's soft-shelled turtle phase, throw something and feed at 6:00,12:00, the 18:00 of every day; Become the soft-shelled turtle phase, throw something and feed at 6:00, the 18:00 of every day; Described soft-shelled turtle feed is made the soft graininess that soft-shelled turtle eats before throwing something and feeding.
Described daily ration, feeding quantity is: the feeding rate of young soft-shelled turtle is 1.2 ~ 1.8%, and the feeding rate of young soft-shelled turtle is 1.8 ~ 2.6%; Becoming the feeding rate of soft-shelled turtle is 2.6 ~ 3.2%.Wherein feeding rate refers to that daily ration, feeding quantity accounts for the percentage of Aquatic farming animals (young soft-shelled turtle body weight≤50g, young soft-shelled turtle 50g ~ 200g become soft-shelled turtle >=200g) TBW.
Further, described feedstuff feeding is thrown something and fed in special bait table under water, at culturing pool week back gauge water surface 10cm place, bait table is under water set.Feed has suitable viscosity, and feed can not be scattered and disappeared within water body considerable time, throws and raises so under water, and soft-shelled turtle food need not go out the water surface, has reduced soft-shelled turtle activity and eaten food not being subject to external interference, is beneficial to its rapid growth.
Preferably, soft-shelled turtle feed of the present invention uses special green bio feed, it is made up of the raw material of following weight parts: U.S. White Marine fish meal 48-55, expanded soybean 8-15, liver powder 0.18-0.45, yolk powder 0.038-0.095, milk powder 0.02-0.05, adhesive 0.03-0.075, lecithin 0.06-0.15, multidimensional 0.24-0.6, mineral matter 0.24-0.6, carnitine 0.02-0.05, betain 0.024-0.06, bile salt 0.016-0.04, methionine 0.036-0.09, lysine 0.036-0.09, salt 0.06-0.15, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1-1.5, Choline Chloride 0.3-0.8, Gluten 2.0-3.0, alphalise starch 15-20, squid liver powder 2-3, rice protein powder 2.5-3.5, corn protein powder 2-3, fodder yeast 2-3, bacillus licheniformis premix 0.08-0.12, Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations 3-3.5.
Production technology:
1), by each Chinese herbal medicine component mixed grinding, then add other components of biological feedstuff, and use high efficient mixer mix and blend;
2) material after mix and blend being carried out to secondary gas flow is dried; Described secondary gas flow drying condition is that dry run temperature is controlled in 60 ℃, and mixed feed moisture is controlled at 5%～7%.
3) by carry out the dry material of secondary gas flow carry out cooling, pulverize and sieve after obtain finished product.
Said herbal medicine preparation is made up of the bulk drug of following weight parts: Radix Isatidis 20-40, honeysuckle 1-2, dandelion 0.1-0.2, Radix Glycyrrhizae 0.08-0.15, rheum officinale 0.08-0.12, coptis 3-5, root of large-flowered skullcap 0.2-0.5, golden cypress 0.01-0.1.
Microencapsulation preparation (bacillus licheniformis viable bacteria content>=5 × 10 that above-mentioned bacillus licheniformis premix is bacillus licheniformis
9cFU/g, embedding rate is 90% ~ 100%).
The account form of described bacillus licheniformis and micro-capsule wall material mixed proportion is for pressing X=[(B × A)/A
1] – B formula calculates micro-capsule wall material addition, and in formula, X is micro-capsule wall material requirement, and B is bacillus licheniformis requirement, and A is bacillus licheniformis active constituent content, A
1for target product active constituent content.
Preferably, the component of described micro-capsule wall material and weight ratio thereof are: sodium alginate 3-8%, alkenylsuccinate acid starch (preferably octenyl succinate starch) 30-40%, gum Arabic 2-8%, maltodextrin 30-40%, corn syrup 15-25%.
The microencapsulation process of bacillus licheniformis: bacillus licheniformis (bacillus licheniformis content>=6.0 × 10
10cFU/g) add the embedding of the spray-dried method micro-capsule of micro-capsule wall material to make, in described micro-capsule embedding process, add 2% 0.1mol/L CaCl
2solution, the formation and the bacterial classification embedding rate that are conducive to capsule keep.Detailed process is as follows:
1. in the fermentation of three grades of liquid seeds gemma content 5.0 × 10
9more than CFU/ml, pH is 7 ~ 8, and when large volume production spore, puts tank;
2. add lightweight CaCO
3stir 20-30min, measure solid content and bacillus licheniformis viable bacteria content; To solid content 25% ~ 35%, bacillus licheniformis viable bacteria content>=6 × 10
10cFU/g;
Each component of 3. getting micro-capsule wall material by following weight ratio adds in deionized water, mixes, obtain stable, evenly, the micro-capsule wall material solution of low, the good fluidity of viscosity; The component of described micro-capsule wall material and weight ratio thereof are: sodium alginate 5%, alkenylsuccinate acid starch 35%, gum Arabic 5%, maltodextrin 35%, corn syrup 20%; The total amount that adds of described micro-capsule wall material is 20% of deionized water quality;
4. by the bacillus licheniformis 2., 3. making according to step and micro-capsule wall material solution (according to by X=[(B × A)/A
1] – B formula calculates wall material addition) mix, high pressure homogenizer, under 8000r/min, 40MPa condition, splashes into 2% 0.1mol/L CaCl
2solution, emulsification 5min, homogeneous twice, obtain bacillus licheniformis emulsion;
5. the bacillus licheniformis emulsion of acquisition is passed into spray drying tower, keep charging rate 12.5 ~ 14.6mL/min, spray drying tower inlet temperature is at 130 ~ 150 ℃, 80 ~ 90 ℃ of outlet temperatures, and shower nozzle atomizer rotating speed 20000r/min spray and is dried;
6. finally obtain bacillus licheniformis microcapsules pre-mixing agent.
In aquaculture relevant throw feeding tube reason have " determine matter, quantitatively, regularly, location " " four determine " principle, soft-shelled turtle is no exception.In the throwing feeding tube reason the present invention relates to, the specification of soft-shelled turtle and bait throwing in frequency are negative correlation.Soft-shelled turtle hatches and out just enters young, young soft-shelled turtle and formally raise the stage from ovum, and in greenhouse, its long-term water temperature is all controlled at 31 ℃ of left and right, the growth of the very suitable soft-shelled turtle of water temperature.So greenhouse soft-shelled turtle growth speed and survival rate height, depend on feed and feeding technology to a great extent.
Soft-shelled turtle feed requires thin, soft, smart, tender, easy to digest and comprehensive nutrition.Soft-shelled turtle feeding habits are assorted and heavy, more voracious, and partial eclipse is as animal baits such as fish, shrimp, crab, the frog, spiral shell, freshwater mussel, a species of small clam living in fresh waters.The internal organ of soft-shelled turtle to each animal and rotten food are not also avoided arousing suspicion, also can nibble even in addition similar, especially in the deficienter time of food.Seem less demanding to feed of soft-shelled turtle, actually this is not so, and the partial eclipse of soft-shelled turtle has just proved this point.For guaranteeing that soft-shelled turtle increases fast, must throw something and feed to meet the feed of its growth demand.The soft-shelled turtle green bio feed that the Linqing City Ding Ma biological feedstuff Co., Ltd relating in the present invention's application produces is manufactured according to soft-shelled turtle feeding habits and the research and development of growth demand, selected raw material, the each production link of strict control, have and be of high nutritive value and the feature of comprehensive nutrition, meet soft-shelled turtle under corresponding vegetative stage, the requirement of the aspects such as physiological situation, the level of production to various nutriments.Guaranteeing on the basis of soft-shelled turtle energy, protein and limiting amino acid, calcium, available phosphorus, trace element and the supply of important vitamin, double and the many-side such as palatability and digestibility of soft-shelled turtle is considered.
The soft-shelled turtle digestive system of young children's phase is comparatively tender, and digestive function is far short of what is expected compared with adult fish, for avoiding disposable a large amount of throwing to raise, its digestive system is brought to excessive burden, adopts a small amount of principle repeatedly.In alleviating digestive system burden, be also conducive to the abundant absorption of feed nutrition material like this, also can reduce the residual of ight soil amount and the generation of avoiding residual bait.In addition, tame and docile the raising after putting in a suitable place to breed of soft-shelled turtle feed opening a few days ago carried out, for making young children phase soft-shelled turtle fully adapt to feed and to the reflection of its formation condition, therefore should lack should not be many for feedstuff feeding amount, throw something and feed number of times number of times should more than should not lack.Along with the progressively growth of soft-shelled turtle, soft-shelled turtle digestive system function progressively strengthens, and for to avoid the excessive amount of labour, can progressively reduce to throw and raise frequency.
The present invention adopts probiotics regulating water quality, and probiotics refers to the active bacteria formulation that contains a large amount of beneficial bacteriums of making according to microecology principle, the metabolite that also contains beneficial bacterium having or add useful positive growth factor.It reaches the object that regulates micro-ecological environment inside and outside body by microorganism interphase interaction, have the body of maintaining internal and external environment microecological balance (or regulating the micro-ecological disturbance of body), improves the feature of body health level and protection of the environment.The applicable cases of probiotics aspect regulating and controlling water quality shows, long-time cultivation often makes the pernicious gases such as a large amount of remaining bait of breeding water body bottom accumulation, excretion refuse, plant and animal residues and ammonia, hydrogen sulphide, tends to cause water quality to ruin cultivated animals is poisoned.The metabolism of microorganism in water quality cleansing agent in probiotics has the effects such as oxidation, ammonification, nitrated, denitrification, phosphorus decomposing, sulfuration and fixed nitrogen, above-mentioned harmful substance can be decomposed into carbonic acid gas, nitrate, sulphate etc., both can purify water quality, and also can promote the breeding of algae for the breeding of Micro Algae provides nutriment.In addition, probiotics can be by reducing COD and promoting algae reproduction and growth to increase water body dissolved oxygen amount.
The present invention adopts quicklime regulating water quality.Soft-shelled Turtle is extremely strong to highly acid and strong basicity water quality tolerance, and in the water body that is 2.0 ~ 11.5 at pH, 96h can not cause death.The water quality adjustment mechanism of quicklime is, the hydroxide ion that the slaked lime dissociation that quicklime and water effect generate goes out can make water body be strong basicity, can kill pathogene and the resting spore thereof such as the water plants such as harmful animal species, moss and part microorganism, parasite that remain in the pool.Impel the organic cementing precipitation of glue in pond waters, increase the transparency of water body; Promote the release of the nitrogen that adsorbing of mud, phosphorus, potassium etc., Chi Shui is grown fat.The precipitation of calcium carbonate that hydroxide addition calcium and carbon dioxide reaction generate is infiltrated in mud, makes silt structure loose, improves aeration condition, accelerates bacterium to organic decomposition; Carbon dioxide system in the composition such as carbonic acid gas, the carbonic acid water body dissolving in calcium carbonate and water, this system has certain cushioning effect, can keep stablizing of pond water pH.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention, by the control to water quality, daily ration, feeding quantity and biological feedstuff etc., realizes the high yield and high quality of soft-shelled turtle and produces.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: preparation bacillus licheniformis premix
1) inoculation bacillus licheniformis, inclined-plane is cultivated and is produced bacterial classification
Inclined-plane culture medium composition is: glucose 2%, peptone 0.2%, beef extract 0.5%, cottonseed cake powder 2%, dusty yeast 0.5%, (NH4)
2hPO
40.5%, K
2hPO
20.03%, MgSO
47H
2o 0.02%, NaCl 0.5%, MnSO
40.003%, agar 1.5%.
Inclined-plane condition of culture is: 28 ~ 33 ℃ of temperature, incubation time 24 ~ 48h.
2) well-grown bacterium colony of inclined-plane cultivation is chosen and carried out shaking flask cultivation;
The medium that shaking flask is cultivated is: glucose 3%, beancake powder 1%, cottonseed cake powder 2%, peptone 0.1%, beef extract 0.5%, dusty yeast 0.5%, (NH
4)
2sO
40.5%, NaCl 0.5%.
Shaking flask condition of culture is: rotating speed 100 ~ 300r/min, 28 ~ 33 ℃ of temperature, incubation time 24 ~ 48h.
3) the free of contamination bacterial classification of bacillus licheniformis wall built-up that adopts 50L seeding tank that shaking table is cultivated carries out level liquid seed fermentation
The medium of level liquid seed fermentation is: glucose 1.5%, beancake powder 1%, cottonseed cake powder 0.5%, corn flour 0.8%, peptone 0.1%, dusty yeast 0.4%, (NH
4)
2hPO
40.5%, NaCl 0.5%.
In earlier stage of level liquid seed fermentation requiring needs sterilizing for before inoculation fermentation, and sterilising conditions is that temperature, pressure reach sterilizing requirement, and pressurize a period of time, before sterilizing, pH is 7 ~ 7.5, pH is 6 ~ 6.8 after sterilizing; When level liquid seed fermentation requires as inoculation, temperature is 30 ~ 40 ℃, and inoculum concentration is 3 ~ 8%, and fermentating controling condition is tank pressure 0.1 ~ 0.4kg/cm
2, throughput is 1:0.8 ~ 1:0.6 (v/v/min), 28 ~ 33 ℃ of tank temperature, incubation time is 24 ~ 48h.
4) adopt 400L seeding tank by the thickness bacterium liquid of level liquid seed fermentation, microscopy carries out the fermentation of secondary liquid seeds for forming the free of contamination bacterial classification of a large amount of gemma;
The medium component of secondary liquid seeds fermentation is: glucose 2%, beancake powder 1%, corn flour 1%, cottonseed cake powder 2%, peptone 0.1%, dusty yeast 0.5%, (NH
4)
2hPO
40.5%, NaCl 0.5%.
The fermentation of secondary liquid seeds requires: when inoculation, temperature is 30 ~ 40 ℃, and inoculum concentration is 3 ~ 8%, and fermentating controling condition is tank pressure 0.1 ~ 0.4kg/cm
2, throughput is 1:0.8 ~ 1:0.6 (v/v/min), 28 ~ 33 ℃ of tank temperature, incubation time is 24 ~ 48h.
5) adopt 5000L fermentation tank by the thickness bacterium liquid of secondary liquid seeds fermentation, microscopy carries out three grades of liquid seeds fermentations for the free of contamination bacterial classification of a large amount of gemma of formation carries out culture transferring.
The medium component of three grades of liquid seeds fermentations is: glucose 1.5%, beancake powder 1%, cottonseed cake powder 0.5%, corn flour 0.8%, peptone 0.1%, dusty yeast 0.4%, (NH
4)
2hPO
40.5%, NaCl 0.5%.
Require the early stage of three grades of liquid seeds fermentations as needing sterilization before inoculation fermentation, disinfection way is when fermentation tank is carried out to real tank sterilization, carry out the sterilization of seeding tank and fermentation tank inoculation pipeline, each relevant drain tap on crack pipeline when sterilization, make whole piece pipeline unimpeded, do not become dead angle, regulate intake valve internal pressure 1.0 ~ 1.5kg/cm
2, pressurize a period of time, then close successively each intake valve, cooling effect from A-P;
Culture transferring mode is for poor by two tank pressures, qualified secondary liquid kind is pressed onto to fermentation tank by 3 ~ 8% inoculative proportion, and pressure is planted complete, closes rapidly two tank outlet valves, then regulate pressure tank and inlet and outlet valve, start and stir part, incubation time 24 ~ 48h in the time of 28 ~ 33 ℃ of tank temperature.
6) put tank to adopting 5000L ferment tank and meeting the requirements of bacillus;
In three grades of liquid seeds fermentations, putting tank requirement is that zymotic fluid is pollution-free, and gemma content is 5.0 × 10
9more than CFU/ml, pH is 7 ~ 8, and large volume production spore; Three grades of liquid seeds fermentations require as tank temperature of registration per hour, throughput, tank pressure etc., a period of time after inoculation, carry out microscopy every corresponding time sampling, and measure the indexs such as bacillus, gemma quantity, pH value.
7), in the lichen bacillus ferments liquid, add 5% lightweight CaCO
3stir 20-30min, measure solid content and bacillus licheniformis viable bacteria content; To solid content between 25% ~ 35%, bacillus licheniformis viable bacteria content>=6 × 10
10cFU/g;
8) each component of getting micro-capsule wall material by following weight ratio adds in deionized water, mixes, obtain stable, evenly, the micro-capsule wall material solution of low, the good fluidity of viscosity; The component of described micro-capsule wall material and weight ratio thereof are: sodium alginate 5%, alkenylsuccinate acid starch 35%, gum Arabic 5%, maltodextrin 35%, corn syrup 20%; The total amount that adds of described micro-capsule wall material is 20% of deionized water quality;
9) by one batch according to step 7), 8) bacillus licheniformis and wall material solution (according to by X=[(B × A)/A that make
1] – B formula calculates wall material addition) mix, high pressure homogenizer, under 8000r/min, 40MPa condition, splashes into 2% 0.1mol/L CaCl
2solution, emulsification 5min, homogeneous twice, obtain bacillus licheniformis emulsion;
10) the bacillus licheniformis emulsion of acquisition is passed into spray drying tower, keep charging rate 12.5 ~ 14.6mL/min, spray drying tower inlet temperature is at 130 ~ 150 ℃, 80 ~ 90 ℃ of outlet temperatures, and shower nozzle atomizer rotating speed 20000r/min spray and is dried;
11) finally obtain bacillus licheniformis microcapsules pre-mixing agent.Bacillus licheniformis viable bacteria content>=5 × 10
9cFU/g, embedding rate is 90% ~ 100%.
Embodiment 2 prepares biological feedstuff
Biological feedstuff formula (weight portion): U.S.'s White Marine fish meal 52.5, alphalise starch 16.5, expanded soybean 13.2, liver powder 0.18, yolk powder 0.038, milk powder 0.02, adhesive 0.03, lecithin 0.06, multidimensional 0.24, mineral matter 0.24, carnitine 0.02, betain 0.024, bile salt 0.016, methionine 0.036, lysine 0.036, salt 0.06, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.2, Choline Chloride salt 0.36, Gluten 2, squid liver powder 2, rice protein powder 2.6, corn protein powder 2.22, fodder yeast 2.8, bacillus licheniformis premix 0.12, Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations 3.5.
Chinese medicine preparation formula (weight portion): Radix Isatidis 30, honeysuckle 1.5, dandelion 0.15, Radix Glycyrrhizae 0.1, rheum officinale 0.1, the coptis 4, the root of large-flowered skullcap 0.3, golden cypress 0.03.
1) require each Chinese herbal medicine mixed grinding according to Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations formula, and use high efficient mixer mix and blend;
2) material after mix and blend being carried out to secondary gas flow is dried; Described secondary gas flow drying condition is that dry run temperature is controlled in 60 ℃, and mixed feed moisture is controlled at 5%～7%.
3) by carry out the dry material of secondary gas flow carry out cooling, and through promoting, fragmentation enters two-layer grading sieve (upper strata screen cloth is 2 × 2 orders, and lower screen is 12 × 12 orders) and carries out classification;
4) in grading sieve, lower floor's grading sieve oversize is finished feed, to the finished product packing of weighing;
5) finished product is carried out to quality inspection, successively use vacuum packaging, peritonaeum packing, three layers of package means of external packing to pack to qualified finished product, make green bio feed.
Embodiment 3
1 materials and methods
1.1 test tank
Every greenhouse has 14 culturing pools, and culturing pool is cement pit, specification 10m × 10m, and water body is dark 60cm all, and the feeding hack, feeding platform, feeding tray under water of wide 50cm is set at culturing pool week back gauge water surface 10cm place.
1.2 subjects
Take the young soft-shelled turtle that hatches then as subjects, only, cultivation density is 35/m to average weight 6.57g/
2, young soft-shelled turtle formally starts test after greenhouse cultivation pool is raised and train one week.
1.3 the test period
This was tested since on June 1st, 2012, and the cycle of carrying out is the culture experiment of 280 days.
1.4 test methods:
(1) culturing pool temperature control is at 28 ~ 32 ℃; In breeding process, do not change water, carry out outdoor blowdown the half an hour after each bait throwing in finishes, and after last blowdown every day finishes, carries out moisturizing;
(2) be used alternatingly quicklime and probiotics and regulate breeding water body water quality; The working concentration of described quicklime is 40mg/L; Described probiotics is EM bacterium, and usage amount is for reaching 6 × 10 according to every mu of water body containing viable count
13~ 6 × 10
14cfu; Being used alternatingly of described quicklime and probiotics is spaced apart 15 days young seedling stages, 10 days young soft-shelled turtle phases;
(3) use the 2nd day Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations of splashing after quicklime;
(4) the special soft-shelled turtle green bio feed of throwing something and feeding in breeding process; The described frequency of throwing something and feeding is, the young soft-shelled turtle phase, to throw something and feed at 6:00,12:00,18:00, the 23:00 of every day, and feeding rate is 1.6%; Children's soft-shelled turtle phase, to throw something and feed at 6:00,12:00, the 18:00 of every day, feeding rate is 2.0%; Become the soft-shelled turtle phase, throw something and feed at 6:00, the 18:00 of every day, feeding rate is 3%; Before described soft-shelled turtle green bio feedstuff feeding, make the soft graininess that soft-shelled turtle eats.
2. result of the test
After off-test, soft-shelled turtle is carried out an acceptance inspection.From profile, soft-shelled turtle physique stalwartness, energy are strong.By weighing, count, adding up the power consumption record of daily ration, feeding quantity, production department, show that two groups are put, clear out in a suitable place to breed average weight (g/ only), total inventory (kg), average daily ingestion amount (kg/d), daily gain (g/ only), feed coefficient, water consumption (m
3), survival rate index.Specifically see the following form 2.
As can be seen from Table 2, can significantly improve the growth rate of soft-shelled turtle according to the inventive method, and feed coefficient low (feed coefficient of at present conventional cultural method is 2.0-3.0, even up to 3.0-5.0), water consumption is few, and (water consumption of at present conventional cultural method is 2500m
3), survival rate high (survival rate of at present conventional cultural method is 60-80%), is a kind of breeding soft-shell turtle technology of high yield and high quality.
Claims (6)
1. a soft-shelled turtle greenhouse biology culture method, is characterized in that,
(1) in greenhouse cultivation pool, put healthy soft-shelled turtle seed in a suitable place to breed, cultivation density is controlled at 35 ~ 40/m
2, culturing pool temperature control is at 28 ~ 32 ℃; In breeding process, do not change water, carry out outdoor blowdown the half an hour after each bait throwing in finishes, and after last blowdown every day finishes, carries out moisturizing;
(2) be used alternatingly quicklime and probiotics and regulate breeding water body water quality; The working concentration of described quicklime is 30 ~ 50mg/L water body; Described probiotics is EM bacterium, and usage amount is for reaching 6 × 10 according to every mu of water body containing viable count
13~ 6 × 10
14cfu; Being used alternatingly of described quicklime and probiotics is spaced apart 15 ~ 20 days young seedling stages, 7 ~ 10 days young soft-shelled turtle phases;
(3) use the 2nd day Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations of splashing after quicklime; Every mu of usage amount of described each Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations is: rheum officinale 2.5 ~ 5g, fresh calamus 10 ~ 12g, gall nut 2 ~ 4g, dry Chinese tallowtree leaf 2 ~ 5g, leek 20 ~ 30g, soya bean 10 ~ 20g;
(4) soft-shelled turtle feed of throwing something and feeding in breeding process; The described frequency of throwing something and feeding is the young soft-shelled turtle phase, to throw something and feed at 6:00,12:00,18:00, the 23:00 of every day; Children's soft-shelled turtle phase, throw something and feed at 6:00,12:00, the 18:00 of every day; Become the soft-shelled turtle phase, throw something and feed at 6:00, the 18:00 of every day.
2. a kind of soft-shelled turtle as claimed in claim 1 greenhouse biology culture method, it is characterized in that, the using method of described Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations is: rheum officinale is soaked to 40-80 minute with 2% limewash, fresh calamus is soaked and within 10-15 hour, boils 5-15min with 2% limewash, by 3% salt decocting juice for dry Chinese tallowtree leaf, by leek shred together with soya bean, defibrination; After finally mixing, splash to water body together with water band slag.
3. a kind of soft-shelled turtle as claimed in claim 1 greenhouse biology culture method, is characterized in that, the feeding rate of the young soft-shelled turtle of described step (4) is 1.2 ~ 1.8%, and the feeding rate of young soft-shelled turtle is 1.8 ~ 2.6%; Becoming the feeding rate of soft-shelled turtle is 2.6 ~ 3.2%.
4. a kind of soft-shelled turtle greenhouse biology culture method as described in any one in claim 1-3, is characterized in that, at culturing pool week back gauge water surface 10cm place, bait table is under water set and carries out bait throwing in.
5. a kind of soft-shelled turtle greenhouse biology culture method as described in any one in claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, described soft-shelled turtle feed is made up of the raw material of following weight parts: U.S. White Marine fish meal 48-55, expanded soybean 8-15, liver powder 0.18-0.45, yolk powder 0.038-0.095, milk powder 0.02-0.05, adhesive 0.03-0.075, lecithin 0.06-0.15, multidimensional 0.24-0.6, mineral matter 0.24-0.6, carnitine 0.02-0.05, betain 0.024-0.06, bile salt 0.016-0.04, methionine 0.036-0.09, lysine 0.036-0.09, salt 0.06-0.15, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1-1.5, Choline Chloride 0.3-0.8, Gluten 2.0-3.0, alphalise starch 15-20, squid liver powder 2-3, rice protein powder 2.5-3.5, corn protein powder 2-3, fodder yeast 2-3, bacillus licheniformis premix 0.08-0.12, Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations 3-3.5, described Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations is made up of the bulk drug of following weight parts: Radix Isatidis 20-40, honeysuckle 1-2, dandelion 0.1-0.2, Radix Glycyrrhizae 0.08-0.15, rheum officinale 0.08-0.12, coptis 3-5, root of large-flowered skullcap 0.2-0.5, golden cypress 0.01-0.1, the microencapsulation preparation that described bacillus licheniformis premix is bacillus licheniformis, its bacillus licheniformis viable bacteria content>=5 × 10
9cFU/g.
6. a kind of soft-shelled turtle as claimed in claim 5 greenhouse biology culture method, it is characterized in that, component and the weight ratio thereof of the micro-capsule wall material that described microencapsulation preparation adopts are: sodium alginate 3-8%, alkenylsuccinate acid starch 30-40%, gum Arabic 2-8%, maltodextrin 30-40%, corn syrup 15-25%.
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| CN104969906A (en) * | 2015-07-13 | 2015-10-14 | 百色学院 | Incubation material for testudinate and preparation method thereof |
| CN105325365A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-02-17 | 滁州市南谯区长江水产良种繁育场 | Method for managing pond aquaculture of Chinese softshell turtles |
| CN105494254A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-04-20 | 苏州市阳澄湖三家村蟹业有限公司 | High-yield soft-shelled turtle breeding method |
| CN105794720A (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2016-07-27 | 五河县金塘水产养殖有限公司金贸园分公司 | Method for greenhouse cultivation of high-quality soft-shelled turtles |
| CN107125448A (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2017-09-05 | 东至县雨庭畜禽有限公司 | A kind of nutrient fodder formula of adult fish soft-shelled turtle |
| CN107897105A (en) * | 2017-10-21 | 2018-04-13 | 无为众生水产有限公司 | A kind of cultural method for preventing soft-shelled turtle body surface disease |
| CN107593607A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-01-19 | 定远县安东种养殖专业合作社 | A kind of greenhouse cultivation method for being used to prevent and treat soft-shelled turtle parotitis |
| CN107711696A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-02-23 | 定远县安东种养殖专业合作社 | A kind of greenhouse cultivation method for being used to prevent and treat soft-shelled turtle balantidiasis |
| CN107836413A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-03-27 | 当涂县乌溪镇海平水产养殖专业合作社 | A kind of method of greenhouse cultivation soft-shelled turtle |
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