CN104507867B - 生产氧化铝的方法 - Google Patents
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- JGDITNMASUZKPW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.Cl[Al](Cl)Cl JGDITNMASUZKPW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007725 thermal activation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 159000000013 aluminium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000329 aluminium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 abstract description 28
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005185 salting out Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 23
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical class [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910002706 AlOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004131 Bayer process Methods 0.000 description 2
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007701 flash-distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- DKAGJZJALZXOOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrate;hydrochloride Chemical class O.Cl DKAGJZJALZXOOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011165 process development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
- C01F7/30—Preparation of aluminium oxide or hydroxide by thermal decomposition or by hydrolysis or oxidation of aluminium compounds
- C01F7/306—Thermal decomposition of hydrated chlorides, e.g. of aluminium trichloride hexahydrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
- C01F7/34—Preparation of aluminium hydroxide by precipitation from solutions containing aluminium salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
- C01F7/44—Dehydration of aluminium oxide or hydroxide, i.e. all conversions of one form into another involving a loss of water
- C01F7/441—Dehydration of aluminium oxide or hydroxide, i.e. all conversions of one form into another involving a loss of water by calcination
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/48—Halides, with or without other cations besides aluminium
- C01F7/56—Chlorides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G49/00—Compounds of iron
- C01G49/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C01G49/06—Ferric oxide [Fe2O3]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/0015—Obtaining aluminium by wet processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
- C22B3/06—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching in inorganic acid solutions, e.g. with acids generated in situ; in inorganic salt solutions other than ammonium salt solutions
- C22B3/10—Hydrochloric acid, other halogenated acids or salts thereof
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/44—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by chemical processes
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/80—Compositional purity
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Abstract
本发明涉及冶金，特别涉及生产氧化铝的酸性方法，并可用于处理低级含铝储料。所述生产氧化铝的方法包括：烧制含铝原料；用盐酸处理产物；通过用气态氯化氢使澄清的氯化物溶液饱和而使氯化铝盐析；煅烧氯化铝以便生产氧化铝；并且将母液热水解，其中氯化氢返回到酸处理阶段并被盐析。为了提高氧化铝的品质并降低能耗，将在盐析过程中沉淀的氯化铝用氢氧化铵进行处理，将产生的残留物送去煅烧，并且将氯化铵溶液与含铝原料在后者被烧制之前或烧制过程期间进行混合，将烧制期间析出的氨溶解在水中，并且将产生的氢氧化铵送去处理氯化铝。氯化铵溶液在与含铝原料混合之前可通过蒸发进行分阶段浓缩(重复使用加热蒸汽)。在通过蒸发浓缩氯化铵时析出的氯化铵可与含铝原料混合。
Description
本发明涉及冶金，具体而言涉及生产氧化铝并可用于处理低级含铝原材料的酸性方法。
已知一种盐酸氧化铝生产方法，其包括：对预煅烧的原材料进行酸处理，蒸发澄清的氯化物溶液同时使六水合氯化铝(AlCl3·6H2O)结晶，然后将其煅烧为氧化物，其被作者称为“粗氧化铝”(有色金属冶金学家手册：氧化铝生产工艺[俄罗斯]Metallurgiya:Moscow,1970,236-237页)，因为铁和其他杂质(除硅之外)的含量高。此中间材料随后通过常规碱拜耳法处理以去除铁和其他杂质，从而生产冶炼级氧化铝。
所述方法的缺陷包括工艺设计过于复杂、其实现期间的总能耗高、从酸循环至碱循环的氯迁移以及与其相关的额外碱损耗(多至36kg/吨氧化铝～37kg/吨氧化铝)。这些是所述方法没有工业应用的原因。
与所要求包含的方法最接近的是通过盐酸浸取由高二氧化硅矾土生产氧化铝的方法，所述方法涉及：在至多700℃的温度煅烧含铝原材料；将其用盐酸进行处理；通过用气态氯化氢使澄清的氯化物溶液饱和而使氯化铝盐析；煅烧氯化铝以生产氧化铝；并且在酸处理和盐析步骤中进行母液热水解并回收氯化氢(Elsner D.,Jenkins D.H.和SinhaH.N.Alumina via hydrochloric acid leaching of high silica bauxites-processdevelopment.Light metals,1984,411-426页)。
根据所述方法，通过用气态氯化氢盐析将六水合氯化铝从溶液中分离，其允许简化工艺设计、通过拜耳法配送并且降低电力费用。然而，最终产品中杂质(特别是氯和铁)的含量比冶炼级氧化铝的允许限度高2至3倍。
所述方法的缺点还包括通过利用在热水解氯化铁和其它杂质氯化物期间闪蒸循环水而维持工艺循环内的水平衡的高耗能方法。
通过从含有氯化铁和其它杂质金属的溶液中盐析出AlCl3·6H2O，几乎不能确保最终产品的高纯度；此种产品的煅烧是最耗能的过程。六回合氯化铝在1100～1200℃煅烧期间的热能消耗为15GJ/吨所获氧化铝。此外，在煅烧期间，非常难以消除残留氯，其在由氧化铝电解生产铝期间具有非常不利的影响。
本发明基于包括以下的目的：开发一种由低级原材料生产冶炼级氧化铝的方法，其允许处理低级的高二氧化硅矿和废物。
技术结果是改进氧化铝质量和减少能量使用。
以上技术结果如下实现：在所述氧化铝生产方法中，包括：烧制含铝原料；用盐酸处理产物；通过用气态氯化氢使澄清的氯化物溶液饱和而使氯化铝盐析；煅烧氯化铝以便生产氧化铝；并且将母液热水解同时氯化氢返回到酸处理和盐析阶段；用氨水处理在盐析过程中沉淀的氧化铝；将所得沉淀送去煅烧，并且将氯化铵溶液与所述含铝原材料在其烧制之前或烧制期间进行混合；将烧制期间释放的氨溶解在水中；将所得氨水送去处理氯化铝。
氯化铵溶液在与含铝原材料混合前可通过重复使用加热蒸汽而进行分阶段蒸发。
蒸发期间释放的氯化铵可以与含铝原材料混合。
在用氨水处理AlCl3·6H2O晶体期间，氯化铝通过从铁化合物中解附和洗出到氯化铵母液中而假晶转化(pseudomorphic transformation)为部分脱水的氢氧化铝——勃姆石(AlOOH)，其随后可通过用水洗涤而轻易去除。因此，存在对氢氧化铝的额外净化。固相的粒径基本上不改变。
勃姆石煅烧仅需2.15GJ热能/1吨所获氧化铝。
在用氨水处理六水合氯化铝期间，形成氯化铵溶液，其与盐酸溶液相比，对仪器没有强腐蚀性影响，并且可以在常规蒸发器组中逐步蒸发(通过重复使用加热蒸汽的蒸汽加热)，其广泛用于矿物盐和肥料工业，并且当将引入到洗涤“si-stoff(废物)”的工艺循环中的所有水送去热水解时，上述方式与依照现有技术的闪蒸水相比产生了2～3倍的能耗节约。
通过在烧制操作前一刻添加蒸发的溶液可有效地进行氯化铵回收。还可以在蒸发溶液过程中以晶体形式分离的氯化铵回收。
在温度高于196℃时，氯化铵分解为气态氯化氢和氨。氯化氢与原材料的组分(主要是与铁)反应，并且形成相应的氯化物。释放的氨可被水吸收并且以水溶液的形式被送去处理AlCl3·6H2O晶体。
凭借其化学性质，将铝提取到溶液中主要出现在盐酸处理阶段。由于烧制期间发生原材料的部分氯化，对盐酸处理阶段的负载较少。
因此，这种生产氧化铝的方法实现了氯化氢(盐酸)回收和氨回收，其将试剂和热能的消耗最小化。
通过氧化铝生产工艺图阐明本发明的实质。
生产氧化铝的方法如下进行：
将与氯化铵混合的含铝原材料送去烧制，其中所述原材料经受部分热活化，并且氯化铵经受分解。氯化氢与原材料的氧化物组分反应，并且游离氨被水吸收以形成氨水。由此，原材料通过烧制-氯化阶段。
之后，为了将有价值的组分全部转移至溶液中，将烧制的原材料用盐酸进行处理以产生浆料，其被分离(例如，通过过滤)为固相(主要包含二氧化硅的废弃的“si stoff”)和氯化物溶液，其中主要目标组分是铝。通过将气态氯化氢引入溶液中进行铝的分离；氯化氢置换(盐析)出晶体形式的六水合氯化铝(其经历了来自烧制-氯化阶段的氨水的进一步处理(中和))，并且形成部分脱水的氢氧化铝(勃姆石)和氯化铵溶液。将勃姆石送去烧制以生产商业氧化铝。在盐析六水合氯化铝之后，母液进入热水解阶段，其中形成其他金属的氢氧化物和氧化物(主要是赤铁矿)，并且盐酸同时作为水溶液和气态氯化氢再生且返回至酸性处理和六水合氯化铝盐析阶段。
将氯化铵溶液送去多步蒸发，其中重复使用加热蒸汽。
通过具体实例阐明这种生产氧化铝的方法：
将称量的(100g)原材料与称量的(200g)氯化铵混合，所述原材料含以下主要组分(％)：Al2O331.5；SiO25.7；Fe2O335.2；TiO28.5；CaO 0.22；MgO 0.2；Na2O 0.25；K2O 0.15；V2O50.1；Cr2O30.12；SO30.25；其它杂质17.2。将混合物置于至多加热至300℃的实验室管式炉中并于其中保持3小时。将排出的气态氨通过水层。将烧制的材料在98℃的20％盐酸中溶解3小时。过滤所得浆料，并且通过用气态氯化氢盐析而从澄清的溶液中结晶出六水合氯化铝。用氨水处理过滤的晶体。根据X射线衍射分析结果，以此方式生产的固相是无杂质的勃姆石(AlOOH)。将用水洗涤的勃姆石在1200℃的马弗炉中煅烧以生产氧化铝，其化学和颗粒组成满足冶炼级氧化铝(G-0)的要求。
在盐析六水合氯化铝之后，溶液经受热水解以便分离氧化物形式的铁、钛及其它少量杂质并且以盐酸溶液形式再生氯化氢和以气态氯化氢形式部分再生氯化氢。将用氨处理AlCl3·6H2O晶体后形成的氯化铵溶液蒸发以分离氯化铵晶体，其也被认为是回收产物。
Claims (3)
1.一种生产氧化铝的方法，其包括：将含铝原材料与氯化铵溶液混合并进行烧制而得到烧制的原材料，其中所述烧制的原材料经受部分热活化并且氯化铵经受分解；将烧制期间释放的氨用水溶解形成氨水；用盐酸处理所述烧制的原材料以产生浆料，分离为固相和氯化物溶液，并将氯化物溶液澄清；通过用气态氯化氢使经澄清的氯化物溶液饱和而使氯化铝盐析，以产生母液和晶体形式的六水合氯化铝；使所述晶体形式的六水合氯化铝经由烧制期间所产生的氨水处理，以形成勃姆石和氯化铵溶液；煅烧勃姆石以生产氧化铝；并且将母液热水解以形成其它金属的氢氧化物和以赤铁矿为主的氧化物和盐酸，盐酸作为水溶液和气态氯化氢再生并返回至酸性处理和六水合氯化铝盐析阶段。
2.权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述氯化铵溶液在与所述含铝原材料混合之前通过重复使用加热蒸汽而进行分阶段蒸发。
3.权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，蒸发期间释放的氯化铵与所述含铝原材料混合。
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| CN105121348B (zh) * | 2013-02-04 | 2018-07-10 | 俄铝工程技术中心有限责任公司 | 氧化铝的制备方法 |
| CN106795062A (zh) * | 2014-10-24 | 2017-05-31 | 哈里伯顿能源服务公司 | 制造陶瓷支撑剂的方法 |
| RU2647041C1 (ru) * | 2016-09-30 | 2018-03-13 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Объединенная Компания РУСАЛ Инженерно-технологический центр" | Способ получения металлургического глинозема (варианты) |
| CN106800346A (zh) * | 2017-02-07 | 2017-06-06 | 泰山医学院 | 一种综合处理含三氯化铝工业废水的方法 |
| RU2705071C1 (ru) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-11-01 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Национальный исследовательский технологический университет "МИСиС" | Способ получения металлургического глинозема кислотно-щелочным способом |
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| CN110217812A (zh) * | 2019-07-12 | 2019-09-10 | 神华准能资源综合开发有限公司 | 一种由结晶氯化铝制备氧化铝的方法 |
| KR20220131519A (ko) * | 2020-01-20 | 2022-09-28 | 티엔치 리튬 퀴나나 피티와이 리미티드 | 알루미나 및 리튬염을 생산하는 방법 |
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| NO790460L (no) * | 1979-02-13 | 1980-08-14 | Elkem Spigerverket As | Fremstilling av et rent aluminiumoksyd fra loesninger inneholdende opploeste aluminiumioner og jernioner |
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| CN1040845C (zh) * | 1993-07-16 | 1998-11-25 | 中国石油化工总公司 | 微球状γ-氧化铝的制备方法 |
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