CN1044822A - 烯烃聚合催化剂 - Google Patents

烯烃聚合催化剂 Download PDF

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CN1044822A
CN1044822A CN90101414A CN90101414A CN1044822A CN 1044822 A CN1044822 A CN 1044822A CN 90101414 A CN90101414 A CN 90101414A CN 90101414 A CN90101414 A CN 90101414A CN 1044822 A CN1044822 A CN 1044822A
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路易吉·雷斯科尼
翁贝托·詹尼尼
恩里科·阿尔比扎蒂
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Himont Inc
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Abstract

烯烃聚合催化剂,包括:A)Ti、Zr或Hf的环戊二烯基化台物,与B)通式为的铝烷化合物的反应产物,其中R1,R2、R3、R4为彼此相同或不同的含2至20个碳原子的烷基,链烯基或烷芳基。

Description

本发明关于由金属茂化合物与铝噁烷化合物反应制得的烯烃聚合催化剂。
众所周知,(A)金属茂和(B)烷基铝噁烷的混合物可用于催化烯烃和乙烯基芳香族单体的聚合。
组份A)可定义为如下通式:
(C5Rn′)mRp″(C5Rn′)MX3-m
Rp″(C5Rn′)2MX′
其中(C5Rn′)为环戊二烯基或取代的环戊二烯基;其中基团R′可以相同或不同,为氢或含1至20个碳原子的烷基,链烯基,芳基,烷芳基或芳烷基,或两个或四个R′取代基形成1或2个含4至6个碳原子的环;R″是含1至4个碳原子的亚烷基,或 基团,它将两个C5Rn′环桥连,其中的R如R′的定义;X为如R′定义的烃基,卤原子,氢,或烷氧基,X基团可以是相同的或不同的;X′为含1至20个碳原子的亚烷基;M是选自Ti,Zr和Hf的一种过渡金属;P为0或1;m是选自0,1和2的数;当m=0时,P=0;当P=1时,n=4;当P=0时,n=5。
烷基铝噁烷化合物的通式为:
Figure 901014141_IMG6
其中n为1至20的数,和R为含1至15个碳原子的烷基,或者通式为:
Figure 901014141_IMG7
其中n为2至20的数。
上述催化体系在以下的专利中有所阐述:
USP        4,404,344
USP        4,542,199
EPA        185,918
EPA        226,463
USP        4,752,597
EPA        128,045
EPA        128,046
EPA        260,130
EPA        260,999
EPA        129,368
USP        4,530,914
USP        4,522,982
通常所采用的铝噁烷化合物中的n始终大于2,R始终为甲基。特别是使用平均分子量超过500的甲基铝噁烷,其中n的数值为6-7。
正如USP        4544762,EPA        257695,和EPA208561所报道的那样,制备甲基铝噁烷所需的成本高,且难以重复生产。
而且,由于三甲基铝的高易燃和遇水发生剧烈反应,制备甲基铝噁烷是相当危险的。
甲基铝噁烷的用量应该很高,特别是用于丙烯聚合时,即每升聚合溶剂至少用1克该化合物(EPA        185918)。
以上所列缺陷使甲基铝噁烷难以投入工业化应用。
在MakromoL.Chem.Rapid Communication(1983)4,417中叙述了用由(C2H52Zr(CH32和(iC4H94Al2O制得的催化剂聚合乙烯。
然而,该体系的活性不高,远远小于用聚甲基铝噁烷代替四异丁基铝噁烷所得到的活性。
注意到上述文献所报导的产率采用了不恰当的表达方式g聚合物/gZr,而事实上应该是克原子Zr,所报导的值实际上小91.2倍。
最后,已经知道可以用由甲基铝噁烷化合物和立体刚性及“手征性”锆化合物[如亚乙基-双-茚基二氯化锆和亚乙基-双(4,5,6,7-四氢茚基)二氯化锆]获得的立体有择催化剂体系聚合丙烯及类似的α烯烃(USP4,796,510)。
所用的烷基铝噁烷的通式为:
AL2OR4(AL(R)-O)n或(AL(R)-O)n+2,其中n是从4至20的整数,R是甲基或乙基。
现有,出人意料地发现,采用金属茂化合物和铝噁烷化合物聚合乙烯和α-烯烃CH2=CHR(其中R是含1-8个碳原子的烷基)或任选地含少量二烯烃的混合物时,该催化体系具有更高的活性,其中铝噁烷化合物的通式为:
R1,R2,R3,R4为相同或不同的含2至20个碳原子的烷基,链烯基或烷芳基。
所采用的金属茂化合物为下式的环戊二烯基化合物:
Ⅰ)(C5Rn′)mRp″(C5Rn′)MX3-m
其中(C5Rn′)是R′取代的环戊二烯基,R′彼此相同或不同,为氢,烷基,链烯基,芳基,烷芳基或芳烷基(含1至20个碳原子),或
Figure 901014141_IMG9
或-SiR3,其中R与R′的定义相同,或者两个或四个R′取代基形成一或二个含4至6个碳原子的环;R″是可取代的含1至8个碳原子的亚烷基或
Figure 901014141_IMG10
基团,其中R与R′的定义相同;X彼此相同或不同,为氢,R′烃基,卤原子,烷氧基OR′,羟基或OMX(C5Rn′)2基团;M是3或4价的过渡金属,选自Ti,Zr和Hf;P可以是0或1;M可以是0,1或2;当m=0时,P=0;当P=0时,至少一个R′不是氢;当P=1时,n=4;当P=0时,n=5。
特别是通式Ⅰ)包括通式Ⅱ)的化合物:
其中A1和A2为相同或不同,是单核或多核不对称基团;特别地,它们是茚基;R3是含1-4个碳原子的直链烃基或含3-6个碳原子的环基;R1和R2相同或不同,为卤原子或含1-6个碳原子的烷基;M是选自Ti,Zr和Hf的过渡金属。
用于本发明催化剂的铝噁烷化合物制备方法如按照JACS        90:3173,1968所报导的,由相应的三烷基铝和水蒸汽按2∶1摩尔比制得。必须分离和纯化反应产物,产量是定量的。
式Ⅰ和Ⅱ优选的化合物是那些其中至少两个R′基团不是氢的化合物。
式Ⅰ环戊二烯基化合物的非限制性实例包括:
[C5(CH3)H4]2MCl2,[C5(CH3)H4]2M(CH32
[C5(CH3)H4]2MH2,[C5(CH3)H4]2M(OCH32
{[C5(CH3)H4]2M}2O,[C5(CH3)H4]2M(H)Cl,
[C5(CH3)H4]2M[CH2C(CH33]2
[C5(CH3)H4]2M(CH2C6H52
[C5(CH3)H4]2M[CH2Si(CH33]2
[C5(CH32H3]2MCl2,[C5(CH33H2]2MCl2
[C5(CH34H]2MCl2,[C5(CH35]2MCl2,〔C5(CH352MCl,
[C5(CH35]2M(CH32,[C5(CH35]2MH2
[C5(CH35]2M(OCH32,[C5(CH35]2M(OH)Cl,
[C5(CH35]2M(OH)2,{C5[Si(CH33]H42MCl2
{C5[Si(CH33]2H32MCl2
其中M选自Ti,Zr,Hf;优选的是Zr、
包括在式Ⅱ)中特别适用的化合物的实例:
亚乙基双(茚基)ZrCl2外消旋体,亚乙基双(茚基)Zr(CH32外消旋体,
亚乙基双(4,5,6,7-四氢茚基)二氯化锆外消旋体,
二甲基甲硅烷基-双(茚基)二氯化锆外消旋体,
亚乙基双(茚基)Zr(CH3)Cl外消旋体,
亚乙基双(茚基)Zr(OCH32外消旋体,
亚乙基双(茚基)Zr(OCH3)Cl外消旋体,
亚乙基双(茚)ZrH2外消旋体,
式Ⅰ)优选的化合物是那些其中至少两个,优选为全部R′基团不是氢的化合物。
这些化合物的实例是:
[C5(CH35]2MCl2,[C5(CH35]2M(CH32
[C5(CH35]2MH2
铝噁烷的实例是:
(C2H52Al-O-Al(C2H52;(iC4H92Al-O-Al(iC4H92;
(C6H5CH22Al-O-Al(CH2C6H52;
(iC6H132Al-O-Al(iC6H132
本发明催化剂适用于乙烯和/或α-烯烃H2C=CHR的聚合,其中R是含1-8个碳原子的烷基,或乙烯与所说α-烯烃(乙烯的含量较少)混合物的聚合。聚合在有或没有烃溶剂的存在下于液相中进行,或在气相中进行,温度和压力范围很宽。可以使用的烃溶剂包括脂肪族烃类如己烷和庚烷,和芳香族化合物如苯和甲苯,或氯化物如二氯乙烷或二氯甲烷。通过简便地改变聚合温度,金属茂和铝噁烷化合物的类型或浓度,或通过使用分子量调节剂如氢,可以调节聚合物的分子量。
由式Ⅱ环戊二烯基化合物形成的催化剂在聚合α-烯烃CH2=CH-R,特别是丙烯和丙烯与少量乙烯和/或CH2=CHR烯烃时具有更高的立体定向性。所得的丙烯聚合物具有更高的全同立构指数,拥有有价值的力学性能。
本发明的另一个实例是由式Ⅱ)化合物获得的立体有择催化剂特别适用于制备乙烯与少量CH2=CHR烯烃(最多含15%摩尔的α-烯烃的共聚物。所说共聚物的特点是共聚合的α-烯烃摩尔数与共聚物的密度比更高了,这表示了聚合物链中α-烯烃的规则分布和组成的均匀性。
用上述立体有择催化剂可以制得乙烯与20至70%摩尔的丙烯和/或另一种CH2=CHRα-烯烃和任选地含少量二烯烃的弹性共聚物,该共聚物为无定形或基本上无定形的聚合物,具有有价值的力学性能。
本发明的催化剂可以负载到惰性载体上,例如氧化物如:氧化硅或氧化铝,或聚合物载体(如部分交联的苯乙烯-二乙烯基苯树脂)。通过将金属茂化合物,或其与铝噁烷的反应产物,或铝噁烷化合物沉积降到这类-载体上,完成载体化步骤。
由此制得的固体组份,也可以与另一种铝噁烷组份结合,用于气相聚合特别有益。
由已知的催化剂相比,本发明催化剂的一个优点是铝噁烷化合物易于制备,以烷基铝为起始原料,与目前用于已知催化剂的三甲基铝相比危险小。而且,铝噁烷化合物的产量是定量的,因此不需要纯化所得化合物。
而且,用于本发明催化剂的铝噁烷组份,与金属茂化合物结合到一起,使得催化剂既使在低浓度下使用,如1-10毫摩尔/升,也具有高活性。
当浓度为10-3至10-8摩尔/升的金属茂化合物和1至10摩尔/升的铝噁烷化合物催化剂组份在聚合之前接触1至60分钟,优选为5至60分钟之后,可以得到特别有益的结果。
接触过程可以在少量单体存在下进行。
下面实施例说明但不限定本发明。
实施例1:铝噁烷化合物B1的合成
在氮气气氛中,将60ml甲苯和5.4ml三乙基铝加入到带有搅拌器的250ml三颈瓶中,将该溶液冷至0℃。
0.355ml的脱氧蒸馏水加入到一个与反应瓶相连的容器中。
用一个膜压机使反应体系内的气体在反应瓶中循环,直到将水完全消耗掉,然后在室温下继续进行10分钟,在减压下将所得无色透明溶液蒸发浓缩到30ml;然后用甲苯将体积增至50ml,得到0.79M的铝溶液,这种溶液被直接用于聚合(组份B1)。
实施例2:铝噁烷化合物B2的合成
采用实施例1的步骤和试剂,只是用10ml三异丁基铝代替三乙基铝。
得到0.79M的溶液,该溶液直接用于聚合(组份B2)。
实施例3:铝噁烷化合物B3的合成
采用实施例1的步骤合试剂,只是用6.83ml Al(2-甲基戊基)3代替三乙基铝,使用含有0.177ml水的60ml的甲苯。
用甲苯将溶液体积增至25ml,得到0.79M的铝溶液,该溶液直接用于聚合(组份B3)。
实施例4-9:乙烯的聚合
在一个1升高压釜上,装配热控夹套,热电偶,氮气控制阀和单体进料阀,压力计和钢制磁力搅拌器,在50℃恒温,抽空,充氮气,然后抽真空,最后引入1大气压的乙烯和350ml甲苯,釜内温度维持在50℃。
加入2.1ml铝噁烷组份的溶液和0.1mg溶于50ml甲苯的金属茂组份。在室温下接触5分钟,将溶液注入高压釜中,该系统用乙烯充压至4大气压,在50℃聚合1小时,保持乙烯压力恒定。
实施例的结果列于表1。
比较例10
采用实施例1的步骤和试剂,只是(C5H52Zrcl2用作金属茂化合物与组份B2结合使用。
得到0.1g聚乙烯。
实施例11:乙烯-1-丁烯共聚
采用实施例4的步骤和试剂,只是于高压釜中加入16ml1-丁烯和370ml甲苯,此后将体系恒温于50℃,充入3大气压的乙烯。
将5.1ml的B2溶液和1mg乙烯-双(茚基)二氯化锆加入到25ml甲苯中。
在室温下接触5分钟后,将该溶液注入到高压釜中。
用乙烯将该系统冲压至4大气压,在75℃聚合15分钟。
得到41g共聚物,其密度(30℃)=0.907g/ml,(η)inh=1.35dl/g。
根据13CNMR分析(参见J.Polym.Sci.,Polym.ph.11:275,1973)共聚的1-丁烯为4.3%摩尔。
实施例12:乙烯-丙烯共聚
采用实施例5的步骤和试剂,只是用体积比为2∶1的乙烯-丙烯混合物代替乙烯。
5.1mlB2溶液和0.5mg乙烯-双(4,5,6,7-四氢茚基)二氯化锆加入到25ml甲苯中。
在室温下接触5分钟后,将该溶液注入到高压釜中。
用乙烯-丙烯气体混合气将系统充压至4大气压,在恒压下,50℃,1100rpm搅拌下聚合10分钟。
得到25g乙烯-丙烯共聚物,丙烯含量为40.9%重量。
实施例13:丙烯聚合
按实施例4-9的方法将高压釜抽空充氮,恒温于50℃,然后抽真空,充入氮气;然后充入1.5大气压丙烯和350ml甲苯,釜内温度调至23℃。
将2.5ml组份B2和2mg乙烯-双茚基二氯化锆溶解于50ml甲苯。
在室温下放置5分钟后,将该溶液加入高压釜中,用丙烯将该系统充压至3.5大气压,于23℃,1100rpm搅拌下聚合4小时。
得到19.9g聚丙烯。
(η)inh(THN,135℃)=0.66
Mw/ Mn=2.1
Mw=74,800
Tm=140.5℃
根据13CNMR分析,聚合物为高度全同立构物(triade mm=94.7%)。
实施例14
采用实施例13的步骤和试剂,只是5.1mlB3溶液用做铝噁烷组份。
得到23.9g聚丙烯。
[η]inh(THN,135℃)=0.60
Tm=141.6℃
实施例15
采用实施例13的步骤和试剂,只是将5.1mlB2溶液和2mg溶于2ml甲苯的乙烯-(茚基)二氯化锆按顺序迅速加入到高压釜中,该釜含400ml甲苯,于23℃用丙烯充压到1.5大气压。用丙烯将该系统充压至4大气压,于23℃聚合4小时。
得到10.8g聚丙烯。
(η)inh(THN,135℃)=0.63
Mw/ Mn=3.6
Mw=95,100
Tm=141.0℃
比较例1
采用实施例13的步骤和试剂,只是于反应器中加入116mg甲基铝噁烷(2毫摩尔铝),该反应器中含400ml甲苯,然后于23℃用丙烯充至4大气压,注入2mg乙烯-双(茚基)二氯化锆溶于2ml甲苯的溶液。于23℃,1100rpm搅拌下聚合4小时。
仅得到微量聚合物。
此处公开的本发明的其它特征,优点和实例对于阅读过以上说明的一般熟练技术人员而言是显而易见的,因此,尽管对本发明的特殊实施例做了详细描述,但对这些实施例进行变化和改进仍未超出本发明所描述和要求保护的精神和范围。
表Ⅰ
实施例        组份A        组份B        gPE/gZr.h        Al.毫摩尔/升
4 [C5(CH3)H4]2ZrCl2B148,200 5
5 [C5(CH3)H4]2ZrCl2B2131,900 5
6 [C5(CH35]2ZrCl2B1748,800 5
7 [C5(CH35]2ZrCl2B2971,500 4.2
8 [C5[CH3]5]2ZrCl2B333,200 10
9 [茚基]2TiCl2B216,800 5
10 [C5H5]2ZrCl2B24,700 5

Claims (8)

1、一种烯烃聚合催化剂,其中包括A)与B)的反应产物:
A)通式为:(C5R n)mR p(C5R n)MX3-m的金属茂化合物,其中(C5R n)是环戊二烯基,R彼此相同或不同,为氢,含1至20个碳原子的烷基,链烯基,芳基,烷芳基或芳烷基,或为-CR2SiR3基团或-SiR3基团,R与R的定义相同。或者两个或四个R取代基形成一个或两个含4至6个碳原子的环;R是可以取代的含1至8个碳原子的亚烷基,若>SiR2,>PR或>NR基团,其中R与R的定义相同;X为彼此相同或不同,为氢,烃基R,卤原子,烷氧基OR,羟基,或OMx(C5R m)2基团;M是3或4价的过渡金属,选自Ti,Zr和Hf;P为0或1;M为0、1或2;当m=0时,P=0;当P=0时,至少一个R基团不是氢;当P=1时,n=4,当P=0时,n=5;
B)铝噁烷化合物,其通式为:
Figure 901014141_IMG2
式中R1、R2、R3、R4为彼此相同或不同,为含2至20个碳原子的烷基、链烯基或烷基芳基。
2、根据权利要求1的催化剂,其特征在于金属茂化合物中至少有两个R′的基团不是氢。
3、根据权利要求2的催化剂,其特征在于所有R′基团都不是氢。
4、根据权利要求1的催化剂,其特征在于金属茂化合物的通式为:
Figure 901014141_IMG3
式中A1和A2彼此相同或不同,为单核或多核不对称基团,R3是含1至4个碳原子的直链烃基或含3至6个碳原子的环基;R1和R2基团彼此相同或不同,为卤原子或含1至6个碳原子的烷基;M是过渡金属,选自Ti,Zr和Hf。
5、根据权利要求4的催化剂,其特征在于A1和A2是茚基或氢化茚基,R3是亚乙基,R1和R2是卤原子,M是Zr。
6、根据权利要求1的催化剂,其特征在于A)选自下列一组化合物:
[C5(CH35]MCl2
[C5(CH35]2N[CH3]2,[C5(CH35]2MH2
亚乙基-双[茚基]ZrCl2外消旋体,
亚乙基-双(茚基)Zr(CH32外消旋体,
亚乙基-双(4,5,6,7-四氢茚基)二氯化锆外消旋体,
二甲基甲硅烷基-双(茚基)二氯化锆外消旋体,
亚乙基-双(茚基)Zr(CH3)Cl外消旋体,
亚乙基-双(茚基)Zr(OCH32外消旋体,亚乙基-双(茚基)Zr(OCH3)Cl外消旋体
亚乙基-双(茚基)ZrH2外消旋体;
铝噁烷化合物B选自(乙基)2Al-O-Al(乙基)2
(异丁基)2Al-O-Al(异丁基)2,和
(2-甲基戊基)2Al-O-Al(2-甲基戊基)2
7、根据权利要求6的催化剂,其特征在于M是Zr。
8、根据权利要求1的催化剂,其特征在于在聚合反应前,组份A)和B)在烃溶剂中预先接触。
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Applicant before: Himont Inc.

COR Change of bibliographic data

Free format text: CORRECT: APPLICANT; FROM: AUSIMONT COMPANY; HIMONT INC. TO: MONTELL TECHNOLOGY CO. BV; CO-APPLICANT

C15 Extension of patent right duration from 15 to 20 years for appl. with date before 31.12.1992 and still valid on 11.12.2001 (patent law change 1993)
OR01 Other related matters
C19 Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee