CN104473112A - 一种护色保脆芡实制品的制备方法 - Google Patents
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/90—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in food processing or handling, e.g. food conservation
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种护色保脆芡实制品的制备方法,该方法是将新鲜的芡实经真空冷藏后加入到含有计量比例的氯化钙,硫酸钙和明矾的饱和食盐水中进行厌氧腌制,再将腌制后的芡实放入含有氯化钙和葡萄糖酸铜的水溶液中进行浸泡漂洗脱盐即得护色保脆芡实制品。所得芡实制品色泽鲜艳,口感清脆而且增加了芡实中原有营养成分的含量,提升了芡实的经济附加值,使之更能得到广泛的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种芡实制品的护色保脆方法,属于食品深加工技术领域。
背景技术
芡实,为睡莲科水生植物,中国北部,中部,南部均有产,其根茎粗壮而短具白色须根及不明显的茎,无毒,性平味甘,被誉为四大水生蔬果之一,是纯天然绿色食品。芡实中含有大量对人体极为有益的成分,如黄酮、类胡萝卜素、多缩戊糖、维生素、钙、铁等元素。据<<本草纲目>>中记载芡实对除虚热,止烦渴具有良好的治疗和预防作用,而芡实中含有的黄酮类化合物具有抗氧化、抗过敏、抗菌消炎、降血糖、抗病毒、抗肿瘤和护胃保肝等功效。
芡实在加工生产过程中常会产生色泽的褐变及口感质地的软陷,由于其颜色和口感质地的变化常被消费者误认为是产品变质或者是不明添加剂,严重影响的了产品的感官品质,造成了企业的巨大损失。目前,针对芡实制品的市场的需求,现有技术通常将芡实采用溶液浸泡或杀菌真空包装的方法来进行护色保脆。例如:中国专利CN101999453A “一种芡实茎加工保鲜方法”中公开了采用食盐水或柠檬酸浸泡进行护色及用氯化钙,磷酸二氢钠和柠檬酸进行硬化的方法。中国专利CN103081980A “一种新鲜芡实水冻保鲜法”公开了采用0.5-2.0%食盐水或0.05-0.5%柠檬酸的溶液浸泡芡实茎护色1-5小时,将护色后的芡实茎在0.05-0.2%氯化钙、0.5-2%磷酸二氢钠、0.1-0.2%柠檬酸溶液硬化0.5-2h,硬化后的干净芡实茎放在85℃-100℃的沸水中漂烫1-10min进行漂烫并加入0.1-0.2%%氯化钙、0.1-0.5%柠檬酸溶液,对芡实茎进一步进行护色和硬化处理。以上两种专利技术中公开的的方法均难以达到芡实护色保脆的理想效果,易造成芡实产品外观色泽不均匀,结构质地不牢固,营养活性成分的流失,使产品质量难以满足市场需求。
综上所述,目前迫切需要一种使芡实护色保脆的高效简易技术,以减轻原料在生产加工过程中色泽及口感质地的改变和营养活性物质的丢失,使产品外观色泽口感质地达到理想状态,从而提高产品的质量,增加产品的经济附加值。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种更为高效简易的护色保脆芡实制品的制备方法,该方法制备的护色保脆腌制芡实保证了芡实制品原有的色泽和脆度,进一步提高了芡实制品的适口性,保证了芡实制品的品质,提升了芡实制品原有的营养和经济附加价值,所得的护色保脆腌制芡实外观色泽鲜亮,口感清脆,便于携带,开袋即食。
为了实现本发明的目的,发明人通过大量试验深入研究并不懈探索,最终获得了如下技术方案:
一种护色保脆芡实制品的制备方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)取新鲜芡实,去杂,清洗,切分,整形,备用;
(2)将步骤(1)预处理的芡实进行真空冷藏,真空度控制在0.03MPa-0.06MPa,温度0℃-5℃,时间24h-48h;
(3)将步骤(2)真空冷藏的芡实,于含有1‰-10‰(W/V)氯化钙、0.5‰-3‰(W/V)硫酸钙和1-10(W/V)明矾的饱和食盐水溶液中,厌氧腌制30d-90d;
(4)将步骤(3)腌制的芡实,于含有0.5‰-1.5‰(W/V)氯化钙和0.5‰-1‰(W/V)葡萄糖酸铜的水溶液中浸泡,再使用0.5‰-1.5‰(W/V)氯化钙水溶液漂洗脱盐,浸泡漂洗脱盐时间不超过24h;需要说明的是,反复漂洗脱盐后使芡实中铜的含量小于5μg/Kg;
(5)取出,灭菌,包装,即得芡实制品。
优选地,如上所述护色保脆芡实制品的制备方法,其中步骤(3)中所述饱和食盐水溶液的pH值为7-8弱碱性。
优选地,如上所述护色保脆芡实制品的及其制备方法,其中步骤(3)中所述的低温厌氧腌制的温度为1℃-10℃。
进一步优选地,如上所述的芡实制品的护色保脆及其制备方法,其中步骤(4)中所述的浸泡时间为6h-11h,漂洗脱盐时间为9h-13h。
与现有技术相比,本发明涉及的护色保脆芡实制品的制备方法具有如下优点和显著的进步:
(1)通过混合使用计量比例的葡萄糖酸铜,可保持芡实制品的原有色泽并使色泽得以固化稳定。
(2)通过标定的复合钙盐种类及其计量比例,以及配合饱和食盐水的腌制介质能很好的保持并适度增强芡实制品的脆度。
(3)通过真空冷藏脱除部分表面水分,并使芡实中的酶处于半休眠状态,从而使降解酶和微生物降解作用受到部分抑制,确保芡实腌制品外观色泽均匀,形态饱满,口感清脆,提高了芡实制品的品质。
具体实施方式
下面将结合具体制备实施例,对本发明中的技术方案和技术效果进行清楚,完整地描述。但是本发明的保护范围并不限于这些实施例,凡是不背离本发明构思的改变或等同替代均包括在本发明的保护范围之内。
实施例 1 一种芡实制品的护色保脆方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)挑选新鲜的芡实,去杂,洗净,分切,整形,备用;
(2)取1.5Kg芡实,将其在0℃,真空度0.03MPa下,冷藏24h;
(3)取出步骤(2)中的芡实,于含有计量比例为3‰(W/V)氯化钙,1.5‰(W/V)硫酸钙和6
(W/V)明矾的饱和食盐溶液中,调节pH至7.5,温度4℃,厌氧腌制45d;
(4)取步骤(3)中的芡实,于含有计量比例为0.8‰(W/V)氯化钙,0.7‰(W/V)葡萄糖酸铜的水溶液中浸泡6h,0.8‰(W/V)氯化钙水溶液中漂洗脱盐13h,使制品中铜的含量小于3μg/Kg;
(5)取出,灭菌,包装,即得芡实制品。
实施例 2 一种芡实制品的护色保脆方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)挑选新鲜的芡实,去杂,洗净,分切,整形,备用;
(2)取2.5Kg芡实,将其在3℃,真空度0.05MPa下,冷藏36h;
(3)取出步骤(2)中的芡实,于含有计量比例为8‰(W/V)氯化钙,2.5‰(W/V)硫酸钙和8
(W/V)明矾的饱和食盐溶液中,调节pH至8,温度7℃,厌氧腌制60d;
(4)取步骤(3)中的芡实,于含有计量比例为1‰(W/V)氯化钙,0.8‰(W/V)葡萄糖酸铜溶液中浸泡7h,1‰(W/V)氯化钙水溶液中漂洗脱盐15h,使制品中铜的含量小于4μg/Kg;
(5)取出,灭菌,包装,即得芡实制品。
实施例 3 一种芡实制品的护色保脆方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)挑选新鲜的芡实,去杂,洗净,分切,整形,备用;
(2)取2.5Kg芡实,将其在5℃,真空度0.06MPa下,冷藏48h;
(3) 取出步骤(2)中的芡实,于含有计量比例为10‰(W/V))氯化钙,3‰(W/V))硫酸钙和10 (W/V)明矾的饱和食盐溶液中,调节pH至8,温度9℃,厌氧腌制90d;
(4)取步骤(3)中的芡实,于含有计量比例为1.5‰(W/V)氯化钙,1.0‰(W/V)葡萄糖酸铜溶液中浸泡9h,1.5‰(W/V)氯化钙水溶液中漂洗脱盐14h,使制品中铜的含量小于5μg/Kg;
(5)取出,灭菌,包装,即得芡实制品。
对比例
1
未经进行真空冷藏
(1)挑选新鲜的芡实,去杂,洗净,分切,整形,备用。
(2)取步骤(1)中1.5Kg芡实,于含有计量比例为3‰(W/V)氯化钙,1.5‰(W/V)硫酸钙和6
(W/V)明矾的饱和食盐溶液中,调节pH至7.5,温度4℃,厌氧腌制45d;
(3)取步骤(2)中的芡实,于含有计量比例为0.8‰(W/V)氯化钙,0.7%(W/V)葡萄糖酸铜溶液中浸泡6h,0.8‰(W/V)氯化钙水溶液中漂洗脱盐13h,使制品中铜的含量小于3μg/Kg;
(4)取出,灭菌,包装,即得芡实制品。
对比例
2
未添加葡萄糖酸铜浸泡
(1)挑选新鲜的芡实,去杂,洗净,分切,整形,备用。
(2)取步骤(1)中2.5Kg芡实,将其在3℃,真空度0.05MPa下,冷藏36h;
(3)取步骤(2)中的芡实,于含有计量比例为8‰(W/V)氯化钙,2.5‰(W/V)硫酸钙和8
(W/V)明矾的饱和食盐溶液中,调节pH至8,温度7℃,厌氧腌制60d;
(4)取步骤(3)中的芡实,于含有计量比例为1‰(W/V)氯化钙的水溶液中浸泡7h,1‰(W/V)氯化钙水溶液中漂洗脱盐15h,使制品中铜的含量小于4μg/Kg;
(5)取出灭菌,包装,即得芡实制品。
各实施例和对比例制备的芡实制品,其品质分析如下:
表1 产品的色泽、脆度、滋味、形态评分标准
表2 各实施例和对比例所制备样品的感官指标得分比较
Claims (4)
1.一种护色保脆芡实制品的制备方法,其特征在于该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)取新鲜芡实,去杂,清洗,切分,整形,备用;
(2)将步骤(1)预处理的芡实进行真空冷藏,真空度控制在0.03MPa-0.06MPa,温度0℃-5℃,时间24h-48h;
(3)将步骤(2)真空冷藏的芡实,于含有1‰-10‰(W/V)氯化钙、0.5‰-3‰(W/V)硫酸钙和1‱-10‱(W/V)明矾的饱和食盐水溶液中,厌氧腌制30d-90d;
(4)将步骤(3)腌制的芡实,于含有0.5‰-1.5‰(W/V)氯化钙和0.5‰-1‰(W/V)葡萄糖酸铜的水溶液中浸泡,再使用0.5‰-1.5‰(W/V)氯化钙水溶液漂洗脱盐,浸泡漂洗脱盐时间不超过24h;
(5)取出,灭菌,包装,即得芡实制品。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的护色保脆芡实制品的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3) 中所述的厌氧腌制的温度为1℃-10℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的护色保脆芡实制品的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3) 中所述的饱和食盐水溶液的pH值为7-8。
4.根据权利要求1所述的护色保脆芡实制品的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4) 中所述的浸泡时间为6h-11h,漂洗脱盐时间为9h-13h。
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