CN104379538A - 对碳化硅纤维进行处理的方法 - Google Patents

对碳化硅纤维进行处理的方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN104379538A
CN104379538A CN201380026420.0A CN201380026420A CN104379538A CN 104379538 A CN104379538 A CN 104379538A CN 201380026420 A CN201380026420 A CN 201380026420A CN 104379538 A CN104379538 A CN 104379538A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
fiber
silicon carbide
present
layer
acid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201380026420.0A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
西尔维·卢瓦宗
让·吕克·拉克特
让·菲利普·罗谢
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Ceramics SA
Original Assignee
SNPE Materiaux Energetiques SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SNPE Materiaux Energetiques SA filed Critical SNPE Materiaux Energetiques SA
Publication of CN104379538A publication Critical patent/CN104379538A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/71Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
    • C04B35/78Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
    • C04B35/80Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/56Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
    • C04B35/565Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on silicon carbide
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/62227Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products obtaining fibres
    • C04B35/62272Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products obtaining fibres based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/62277Fibres based on carbides
    • C04B35/62281Fibres based on carbides based on silicon carbide
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/628Coating the powders or the macroscopic reinforcing agents
    • C04B35/62844Coating fibres
    • C04B35/62857Coating fibres with non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/62873Carbon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/628Coating the powders or the macroscopic reinforcing agents
    • C04B35/62884Coating the powders or the macroscopic reinforcing agents by gas phase techniques
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/53After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone involving the removal of at least part of the materials of the treated article, e.g. etching, drying of hardened concrete
    • C04B41/5338Etching
    • C04B41/5353Wet etching, e.g. with etchants dissolved in organic solvents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/02Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C16/0227Pretreatment of the material to be coated by cleaning or etching
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/22Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
    • C23C16/26Deposition of carbon only
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H13/00Other non-woven fabrics
    • D04H13/001Making non-woven fabrics from staple fibres, filaments or yarns, bonded to at least one web-like material, e.g. woven, knitted non-woven fabric, paper, leather, during consolidation
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/07Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof
    • D06M11/11Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof with halogen acids or salts thereof
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/07Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof
    • D06M11/11Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof with halogen acids or salts thereof
    • D06M11/13Ammonium halides or halides of elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/58Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with nitrogen or compounds thereof, e.g. with nitrides
    • D06M11/64Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with nitrogen or compounds thereof, e.g. with nitrides with nitrogen oxides; with oxyacids of nitrogen or their salts
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/73Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with carbon or compounds thereof
    • D06M11/74Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with carbon or compounds thereof with carbon or graphite; with carbides; with graphitic acids or their salts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5208Fibers
    • C04B2235/5216Inorganic
    • C04B2235/524Non-oxidic, e.g. borides, carbides, silicides or nitrides
    • C04B2235/5244Silicon carbide
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10BINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2101/00Inorganic fibres
    • D10B2101/10Inorganic fibres based on non-oxides other than metals
    • D10B2101/14Carbides; Nitrides; Silicides; Borides
    • D10B2101/16Silicon carbide
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10BINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00Physical properties
    • D10B2401/10Physical properties porous

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及对碳化硅纤维进行处理的方法,所述方法包括如下步骤,所述步骤涉及用含有氢氟酸和硝酸、但不含乙酸的水性酸溶液对纤维进行化学处理,从而移除存在于纤维表面上的二氧化硅并形成微孔碳层。本发明还涉及生产纤维预制品的方法,所述方法包括形成含有经处理的碳化硅纤维的纤维构造物;以及涉及所述预制品在生产由复合材料制成的部件中的用途。

Description

对碳化硅纤维进行处理的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及碳化硅(SiC)纤维,所述碳化硅纤维在复合材料生产中用作增强物(reinforcement)。
背景技术
对复合材料的优良机械性能(特别是在高温下)进行的探寻,使得采用陶瓷材料作为纤维增强物,从而代替显示出有限的机械强度、并且如果在长时间处于高温下的氧化介质中时对氧化无足够抵抗力的碳。
通常,众所周知的是,在包含纤维增强物的复合材料中,纤维-基质交界面的特性对材料的机械性能有很大的影响。
就包含陶瓷基质的复合材料而言,其显示出可通过如下方法获得令人满意的表现(特别是在冲击和裂纹扩展方面),而无关该基质的陶瓷性质:在基质的陶瓷材料浸润前,在纤维上形成厚度较薄的中间涂层(例如,所述涂层由气相沉积的热解碳制成或由氮化硼制成)。在法国专利FR 2 567 874中描述了此类方法。
然而,优选改善氮化硼或热解碳沉积层与碳化硅纤维之间的结合交界面。还优选能够得到具有增强的机械性能的碳化硅纤维。
已知的是,在碳化硅纤维的表面形成微孔碳表层(superficial layer)在改善室温下的机械性能方面具有益处(US 6579833,WO 2005/007566),并且另外与热解碳沉积层构成良好的结合交界面(WO 2010/076475)。
然而,这些文献中描述的方法使用基于卤代气体的反应性热处理在碳化物表面上生成微孔碳层。因此,从方法本身及用于实施该方法的工具(必须对卤代化合物耐受)两个角度来看,实施该方法很复杂。
此外,一些碳化硅纤维在其表面具有薄的二氧化硅层,可取的是将所述二氧化硅层在任何后续处理之前移除。
由专利申请FR 2640258可知晓对存在于碳化硅纤维表面的二氧化硅进行的化学移除处理。然而,所推荐的处理并不能完全移除存在于纤维表面的二氧化硅层,该层的厚度仅降低至约0.005微米(对应于检测极限)。所述处理由如下物质的使用组成:
氢氟酸的水溶液;
或者,加热条件下的硝酸水溶液;
或者,加热条件下处于精确比例的氢氟酸、硝酸和乙酸(HF3ml+HNO35ml+CH3-CO2H 3ml)的混合物,对应的HF/HNO3摩尔比为1.29。
因此,优选能够具有如下方法:允许在完全移除存在于纤维表面的二氧化硅层的同时,形成微孔碳表层。
由专利申请EP 0855373还可知晓,在生产SiC纤维期间,使用氢氟酸、或者氢氟酸和硝酸的混合物作为对SiC纤维进行洗涤的溶液。然而,由于该洗涤步骤的作用仅在于移除所述生产后存在于纤维表面上的未反应的初始物质的残留物(例如,二氧化硅颗粒),因此,该洗涤步骤并不是化学处理步骤。因而,在这些纤维上并不能形成微孔碳层。此外,该文献仅公开了含有与等含量的HNO3溶液(含有60wt%-70wt%的HNO3)混合的46wt%HF的水性溶液。实施例2因而公开了250ml HF水性溶液与250ml HNO3溶液的混合物。因此,该实施例的酸溶液所具有的硝酸含量为4.76-5.54mol/l、HF含量为约11.5mol/l,即,氢氟酸与硝酸的摩尔比为2.08-2.41。因此,该文献中所述的酸浓度非常强,以至于不能够对反应进行控制。
发明内容
由此,本发明人出乎预料地发现,在水性溶液中组合使用氢氟酸和硝酸、而不添加乙酸,使得能够完全清除存在于碳化硅纤维表面的二氧化硅层,同时能够形成附着至纤维并具有均匀厚度的微孔碳层(例如≤100nm)。由于上述使用并非在纤维生产期间进行,而且不需要移除存在于这些纤维表面的未反应的初始物质,因此不能将该使用比作专利申请EP 0855373所述的洗涤步骤。
此外,该微孔碳层构成了对热解碳层沉积而言的良好结合交界面。
事实上,在该层中,碳并未呈现出任何特定的结构组织。碳为微孔性的,并具有非常高的比表面积(约1500m2/g)以及非常小的孔(孔直径为约1纳米)。此外,当热解碳层沉积在该微孔碳层上时,这两个层形成混合的碳中间相,使得能够提高复合材料的机械特性,特别是在拉伸强度和断裂应变方面。
因此,本发明涉及对碳化硅纤维进行处理的方法,所述方法包括用含有氢氟酸和硝酸的水性酸溶液对纤维进行化学处理的步骤,从而移除存在于所述纤维表面上的二氧化硅并形成微孔碳层,其特征在于,所述水性酸溶液不含乙酸。
本发明人由此发现,与使用单独的各所述酸、以及将所述氢氟酸和硝酸与乙酸组合使用相比,以水性溶液组合使用氢氟酸和硝酸更加有利,因为组合使用氢氟酸和硝酸使得能够完全移除存在于纤维表面的二氧化硅,并形成小于或等于100nm的微孔碳层。因此,组合使用HF和HNO3具有协同作用,现有技术中对该协同作用并无任何暗示。实际上,HF移除存在于纤维表面的二氧化硅,而HNO3使二氧化硅可溶并氧化纤维的碳氧化物和碳化硅,从而能够形成微孔碳层。当单独使用HF时,在二氧化硅的化学形式不可溶时,不可能移除全部的二氧化硅,并且无微孔碳层存在于纤维表面。另一方面,当单独使用HNO3时,将不会有二氧化硅的移除,并因此将不能发生氧化,也不会形成微孔碳层。因此,这两种酸的组合使用对于实施本发明而言是必不可少的。此外,出乎预料地发现,与现有技术中的教导相反的是,乙酸对于覆盖纤维的二氧化硅并没有影响,因此在化学处理步骤中,水性酸溶液中存在的乙酸是多余的。
有利的是,本方法并不是在纤维生产过程中实施,也不作为该过程的洗涤步骤,即,本方法并不是在其表面上具有未反应的初始物质(例如,二氧化硅颗粒)的纤维上实施。因此,本发明所述的方法并非是作为简单的纤维洗涤步骤,而是使得在纤维表面形成微孔碳层。
在本发明的上、下文中可使用的酸的比例取决于微孔碳层的期望厚度、待施加处理的纤维类型(碳化物与碳氧化物的比例、以及碳化物的类型)以及处理温度。在本发明的一个特定实施方式中,特别是在20℃的温度下,本发明所述的水性酸溶液含有的氢氟酸/硝酸的摩尔比小于1.5、优选小于1.2、更优选小于1、甚至更优选小于0.8,特别是大于0.1、优选大于0.15、甚至更优选大于0.2。
通常,优选酸溶液未被过度浓缩,从而能够对可控的侵蚀动力学(attack kinetics)进行管理,并由此形成具有良好可再现性的碳层。
有利的是,在20℃下本发明所述的水性酸溶液含有的硝酸的含量为0.5-5mol/l、优选2-5mol/l、特别是0.5-4mol/l、尤其是2-4mol/l。
因为高于5mol/l时,存在HNO3分子在空间上阻碍HF接近纤维表面、甚至可能阻止反应发生的风险。另一方面,必须存在少量的HNO3,以引发反应。
有利的是,在20℃下本发明所述的水性酸溶液含有的氢氟酸的含量为0.5-4mol/l、优选0.5-3mol/l、特别是0.5-2.5mol/l、更特别是0.5-2mol/l。
HF的量决定了对于给定的HNO3浓度而言的反应动力学。
在本发明的另一具体实施方式中,化学处理步骤在室温下(即,20-25℃)实施。因此,当存在硝酸时,与专利申请FR 2642158中所推荐的相反,化学处理步骤并不是在加热条件下实施。化学处理步骤的持续时间取决于在纤维表面期望获得的微孔碳层的厚度以及所使用的HF/HNO3比例。有利的是,为获得小于或等于100nm的层,这一步骤持续10分钟至5小时、优选3-5小时。
在本发明的又一实施方式中,化学处理步骤在加热条件下(即,在高于室温的温度下、特别是在约30℃下)实施。在这一情况下,化学处理步骤的持续时间可短于在室温下的持续时间。在化学处理的温度为约30℃的情况下,为获得小于或等于100nm的层,这一步骤持续10分钟至3小时、优选10分钟至2小时。
在本发明的又一实施方式中,化学处理步骤在冷却条件下(即,在低于室温的温度下、特别是在约10℃下)实施。在化学处理的温度为约10℃的情况下,为获得小于或等于100nm的层,这一步骤持续2-8小时、优选2-6小时。
特别是,通过将纤维浸入本发明所述的水性酸溶液中至清除二氧化硅表层并形成微孔碳层所需的时间,实施本发明所述的化学处理。优选本发明所述的水性酸溶液仅含有水和酸(HF和HNO3)。在该处理后,本发明所述的方法可包括用水漂洗、以及将所获得的经处理的纤维进行干燥的步骤。这使得能够移除本发明所述方法中使用的酸溶液的所有残留痕迹。
有利的是,随着本发明所述的处理而获得的碳化硅纤维具有≤100nm、优选约50nm的微孔碳表层。甚至更优选的是,存在于未经处理的纤维上的二氧化硅表层消失。事实上,在处理之前,纤维由二氧化硅以可变厚度覆盖,平均厚度约等于0.3微米。依靠本发明所述的处理,该层完全消失。
通过本发明所述方法处理的纤维可具有任意形式,例如纱线(yarns)、粗纱(roves)、绳股(strands)、缆索(cables)、织物(fabrics)、毡、编织物(braids)、垫、以及甚至是二维或三维的预制品。特别是可从NipponCarbon Co.公司商购的纤维。还可以是来自UBE Industries的纤维。
在本发明另外的实施方式中,待处理的纤维覆盖有不能通过化学处理移除的浆料(sizing),并且本发明所述的方法包括实质上完全移除所述浆料(优选通过热处理)的在先步骤。这是因为,虽然本发明所述的水性酸溶液引起基于聚乙烯醇的浆料部分溶解,但是其对于还可能覆盖特定碳化硅纤维的乙酸乙烯酯浆料不起作用。在后一种情况下,为了能够使得用本发明所述的水性酸溶液进行的后续处理完全有效,由此优选预先移除乙酸乙烯酯浆料。为进行这一移除,可使SiC纤维接受热退浆处理(还可使用化学退浆,热退浆处理技术比起化学退浆更有效)。例如,将SiC纤维置于温度为600℃的空气中20秒。使用相对温和的温度进行非常短的时间避免了碳化硅的任何显著的氧化。
优选待通过本发明所述方法处理的纤维在其表面上未显示出用于生产所述纤维的初始物质(例如,二氧化硅颗粒)的任何残留。
在本发明的另一实施方式中,本发明所述的方法包括将热解碳层沉积在通过本发明所述方法处理的碳化硅纤维上的额外步骤。该沉积可通过本领域技术人员公知的技术来实施,例如,专利申请FR 2567874中描述的技术。因此,该沉积直接在微孔碳层上进行。
本发明还涉及生产纤维预制品的方法,所述方法包括形成基于碳化硅纤维的纤维结构,所述纤维已根据本发明所述的处理方法进行处理。
可通过缠绕、编织、堆叠、以及任选地对二维织物层或含碳化硅纤维的缆索股进行缝织等,形成预制品。
在第一优选实施方式中,在形成纤维结构前,对纤维进行处理。因此,在对本发明所述的纤维进行处理后,将所述纤维用于生产由复合材料制成的部件的纤维预制品。
在第二优选实施方式中,在形成纤维结构后,对纤维进行处理。
因此,例如在后一情况下,直接将纤维结构浸入含有本发明所述的水性酸溶液的浴中。
最后,本发明涉及生产由复合材料制成的部件的方法,所述方法包括根据本发明所述的方法生产纤维预制品,并将所述预制品密实化。
生产由用碳化硅纤维增强的复合材料制成的部件是众所周知的。通常包括:生产陶瓷纤维预制品(其形态与待生产的部件的形态相近),以及使用基质将预制品密实化。纤维预制品构成了部件的增强物,纤维预制品的作用对机械性能而言至关重要。
可通过液态过程(用基质的前体树脂浸渍,并通过交联和热解进行转化,可重复该过程)或通过气态过程(基质的化学气相渗透)来进行纤维增强物的密实化。本发明尤其适用于生产由包含基质的复合材料制成的部件,所述基质至少部分为陶瓷、优选包含完全陶瓷的基质(CMCs),所述复合材料通过由碳化硅纤维制成的纤维增强物形成,所述纤维增强物通过基质进行密实化,所述基质为至少部分陶瓷或完全陶瓷(特别是为碳化物、氮化物、耐火氧化物等)。此类包含碳化硅纤维的CMC材料的一般实例为SiC-SiC材料(碳化硅纤维增强物和碳化硅基质)。
根据如下的附图和实施例将更加清楚地理解本发明。
附图说明
图1表示在处理前,作为纤维内部深度(以nm表示)的函数的硅、碳、氮和氧的原子浓度(以%示出)(0对应于纤维的表面)。
图2表示在本发明所述的处理后,作为纤维厚度的函数的硅、碳、氮和氧的原子浓度(以%示出)(0对应于纤维的表面)。
具体实施方式
实施例1
在纤维织品(textures)、尤其是由日本公司Nippon Carbon Co.Ltd生产的由SiC纤维制成的织物上使用如下处理来实施本发明所述的方法,在室温下通过将织品浸于含有氢氟酸(0.7mol/l)和硝酸(3mol/l)的水性溶液的浴中4小时,移除二氧化硅并形成微孔碳层。
随后,将所获得的纤维织品用水进行漂洗并干燥。
在该处理之前,通过热法实施纤维织品的退浆。将SiC纤维置于温度为600℃的空气中20秒。
比较所附的图1和图2,应注意的是,二氧化硅从通过本发明所述方法处理过的纤维表面消失并由微孔碳层取代。
比较实施例2
在纤维织品、尤其是由日本公司Nippon Carbon Co.Ltd生产的由SiC纤维制成的织物上使用如下处理来实施根据专利申请FR 2640258所述的方法,在室温下通过将织品浸于含有氢氟酸(浓度为约20-30mol%)的水性溶液的浴中约1小时,移除二氧化硅。
随后,将所获得的纤维织品用水进行漂洗并干燥。在该处理之前,通过热法实施纤维织品的退浆,例如于600℃的空气中20秒。
处理前的纤维覆盖有平均厚度为约0.3微米的二氧化硅。在该处理后,这一厚度降低至约0.005微米,并且在纤维表面上不存在微孔碳的痕迹。
实施例3
除了浴中含有2.3mol/l氢氟酸和4mol/l硝酸的水性溶液、处理时间为75分钟、且处理温度为30℃之外,实施与实施例1相同的方法。
在纤维表面获得的微孔碳层的厚度为215nm。
实施例4
除了处理时间为30分钟、且处理温度为30℃之外,实施与实施例1相同的方法。
在纤维表面获得的微孔碳层的厚度为30nm。
实施例5
除了处理时间为120分钟、且处理温度为30℃之外,实施与实施例1相同的方法。
在纤维表面获得的微孔碳层的厚度为100-90nm。
实施例6
除了处理时间为480分钟、且处理温度为10℃之外,实施与实施例1相同的方法。
在纤维表面获得的微孔碳层的厚度为至多70nm。

Claims (12)

1.对碳化硅纤维进行处理的方法,所述方法包括用含有氢氟酸和硝酸的水性酸溶液对纤维进行化学处理的步骤,从而移除存在于所述纤维表面上的二氧化硅并形成微孔碳层,其特征在于,所述水性酸溶液不含乙酸。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述水性酸溶液含有的氢氟酸/硝酸的摩尔比小于1.5、优选小于0.7,特别是大于0.1。
3.如权利要求1和2中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述水性酸溶液含有的氢氟酸的含量为0.5-4mol/l、优选0.5-2mol/l。
4.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述水性酸溶液含有的硝酸的含量为0.5-5mol/l、优选2-5mol/l。
5.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述化学处理步骤在室温下实施并持续4小时。
6.如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,获得的纤维具有≤100nm的微孔碳表层。
7.如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述纤维覆盖有不能通过化学处理移除的浆料,并且,其特征还在于,所述方法包括通过加热处理实质上完全移除所述浆料的在先步骤。
8.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括将热解碳层沉积在经处理的碳化硅纤维上的额外步骤。
9.生产纤维预制品的方法,所述方法包括形成基于碳化硅纤维的纤维结构,其特征在于,所述纤维已根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的处理方法进行了处理。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,在形成所述纤维结构前,对所述纤维进行处理。
11.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,在形成所述纤维结构后,对所述纤维进行处理。
12.生产由复合材料制成的部件的方法,所述方法包括根据权利要求9-11中任一项所述的方法生产纤维预制品,以及将所述预制品密实化。
CN201380026420.0A 2012-04-13 2013-04-11 对碳化硅纤维进行处理的方法 Pending CN104379538A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1253426 2012-04-13
FR1253426A FR2989371B1 (fr) 2012-04-13 2012-04-13 Procede de traitement de fibres de carbure de silicium
PCT/FR2013/050788 WO2013153336A1 (fr) 2012-04-13 2013-04-11 Procede de traitement de fibres de carbure de silicium.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN104379538A true CN104379538A (zh) 2015-02-25

Family

ID=48289464

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201380026420.0A Pending CN104379538A (zh) 2012-04-13 2013-04-11 对碳化硅纤维进行处理的方法

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US9574299B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP2836473B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2015521239A (zh)
CN (1) CN104379538A (zh)
BR (1) BR112014025477A2 (zh)
CA (1) CA2869916A1 (zh)
FR (1) FR2989371B1 (zh)
IN (1) IN2014DN09029A (zh)
RU (1) RU2641045C2 (zh)
WO (1) WO2013153336A1 (zh)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107810173A (zh) * 2015-06-24 2018-03-16 赛峰集团陶瓷 处理碳化硅纤维的方法
CN108842438A (zh) * 2018-06-06 2018-11-20 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 一种耐高温SiC纤维的制备方法

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6726037B2 (ja) * 2016-06-27 2020-07-22 イビデン株式会社 SiC/SiC複合材の製造方法
FR3074169B1 (fr) * 2017-11-29 2021-02-26 Safran Ceram Procede de traitement de fibres de carbure de silicium
CA3136334A1 (en) 2019-04-10 2020-10-15 Neovasc Tiara Inc. Prosthetic valve with natural blood flow
CN115074869B (zh) * 2022-06-24 2023-07-18 河北师范大学 一种中空碳纤维材料及其制备方法和应用

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0342092A1 (fr) * 1988-05-10 1989-11-15 Rhone-Poulenc Chimie Procédé de traitement de fibres céramiques
EP0855373A1 (en) * 1997-01-23 1998-07-29 Oji Paper Company Limited Process for producing silicon carbide fibers
CN101195938A (zh) * 2008-01-08 2008-06-11 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 一种皮芯结构微孔碳化硅纤维及其制备方法
CN102256914A (zh) * 2008-12-16 2011-11-23 斯奈克玛动力部件公司 处理陶瓷纤维的方法

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2009196B (en) * 1977-10-26 1982-04-15 Res Inst For Special Inorganic Polycarbosilane process for its prudiction and its use as material for producing silicon carbide
FR2567874B1 (fr) 1984-07-20 1987-01-02 Europ Propulsion Procede de fabrication d'un materiau composite a renfort fibreux refractaire et matrice ceramique, et structure telle qu'obtenue par ce procede
FR2640258B1 (fr) 1988-05-10 1991-06-07 Europ Propulsion Procede de fabrication de materiaux composites a renfort en fibres de carbure de silicium et a matrice ceramique
FR2642158B1 (fr) 1989-01-20 1991-05-03 Bickford Snc Davey Procede de preparation d'un ensemble retardateur pour detonateur et ensemble retardateur
DE69131247T2 (de) * 1990-11-20 1999-09-23 Asahi Glass Co. Ltd., Tokio/Tokyo Wärmebehandlungsapparate für Halbleiter und hochreine Siliciumcarbidteile für die Apparate und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
RU2060935C1 (ru) * 1992-02-25 1996-05-27 Научно-исследовательский институт Научно-производственного объединения "Луч" Способ очистки карбида кремния
JP3613961B2 (ja) * 1997-01-23 2005-01-26 王子製紙株式会社 炭化ケイ素繊維の製造方法
US6579833B1 (en) 1999-09-01 2003-06-17 The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois Process for converting a metal carbide to carbon by etching in halogens
JP2004012315A (ja) * 2002-06-07 2004-01-15 Toshiba Ceramics Co Ltd 炭化ケイ素材または窒化ケイ素材の不純物濃度分布測定方法ならびにセラミックスの不純物濃度分布測定方法
CA2530806A1 (en) 2003-07-03 2005-01-27 Drexel University Nanoporous carbide derived carbon with tunable pore size
FR2912469B1 (fr) * 2007-02-12 2009-05-08 Snecma Propulsion Solide Sa Procede de fabrication d'une structure a lobes de melangeur de flux en cmc pour moteur aeronautique a turbine de gaz.

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0342092A1 (fr) * 1988-05-10 1989-11-15 Rhone-Poulenc Chimie Procédé de traitement de fibres céramiques
EP0855373A1 (en) * 1997-01-23 1998-07-29 Oji Paper Company Limited Process for producing silicon carbide fibers
CN101195938A (zh) * 2008-01-08 2008-06-11 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 一种皮芯结构微孔碳化硅纤维及其制备方法
CN102256914A (zh) * 2008-12-16 2011-11-23 斯奈克玛动力部件公司 处理陶瓷纤维的方法

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
JORULF BRYNESTAD ET AL.: "Removal of oxide contamination from silicon carbide powders", 《JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY》 *
T. HASE ET AL.: "Shrinkage of β-SiC powder treated with a mixed acid of HF and HNO3", 《JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LETTERS》 *
王冬华等: "碳化硅纳米线的湿腐蚀研究", 《材料导报》 *
黄维等: "氢氟酸刻蚀对Ni/6H-SiC接触性质的作用", 《物理学报》 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107810173A (zh) * 2015-06-24 2018-03-16 赛峰集团陶瓷 处理碳化硅纤维的方法
CN108842438A (zh) * 2018-06-06 2018-11-20 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 一种耐高温SiC纤维的制备方法
CN108842438B (zh) * 2018-06-06 2020-08-07 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 一种耐高温SiC纤维的制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20150122416A1 (en) 2015-05-07
JP2015521239A (ja) 2015-07-27
RU2641045C2 (ru) 2018-01-15
FR2989371B1 (fr) 2015-01-02
EP2836473B1 (fr) 2016-11-02
BR112014025477A2 (pt) 2018-04-17
CA2869916A1 (fr) 2013-10-17
IN2014DN09029A (zh) 2015-05-22
WO2013153336A1 (fr) 2013-10-17
EP2836473A1 (fr) 2015-02-18
FR2989371A1 (fr) 2013-10-18
RU2014144147A (ru) 2016-06-10
US9574299B2 (en) 2017-02-21

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN104379538A (zh) 对碳化硅纤维进行处理的方法
JP5539386B2 (ja) セラミック繊維の処理方法
JP4974209B2 (ja) セラミックマトリックス複合材のシリコン溶浸処理方法
CN104150958B (zh) 一种陶瓷基复合材料修复方法
CN104179002A (zh) 一种表面经纳米颗粒改性的碳布的制备方法
CN106747477A (zh) 一种Cf/SiC-ZrC-ZrB2超高温陶瓷基复合材料的制备方法
RU2712597C2 (ru) Способ обработки волокон карбида кремния
CN103332943A (zh) 基于液硅熔渗法制备碳陶基复合材料的微结构设计及性能控制方法
JP6888260B2 (ja) 炭素繊維束およびその製造方法
JP2016113726A (ja) ポリアクリロニトリル系炭素繊維前駆体繊維および炭素繊維の製造方法
Qian et al. Preparation and mechanical behaviors of multiscale SiC nanowires/carbon fiber reinforced silicon oxycarbide ceramic composites
US20140346136A1 (en) Method for enhancing the mechanical strength of an sic/sic ceramic matrix composite material
CN106192407A (zh) 碳纤维表面改性处理方法
Ding et al. Thermal insulation and antioxidation of vertical graphene oxide‐grafted carbon nanofiber aerogels with ceramic coating
CN112125687A (zh) 一种抗氧化氮化硅纤维增强复合材料及其制备方法和应用
CN108532291A (zh) 一种碳布表面原位生长二氧化锰纳米片增强树脂基摩擦材料的制备方法
JP4953410B2 (ja) 炭素繊維およびその製造方法
JP4875238B2 (ja) 炭素繊維およびその前駆体の製造方法並びに油剤付着方法
US11498877B2 (en) Method for treating silicon carbide fibres
JP2002266216A (ja) 炭化ケイ素繊維不織布シート及びその製造方法
JP2017145181A (ja) SiC/SiC複合材料の製造方法
JP2009185411A (ja) 炭素繊維含有断熱材
CN111635615A (zh) 一种碳纤维-二氧化钛多级增强树脂基复合材料的制备方法
JP2007332498A (ja) 炭素繊維束の製造方法
Wang et al. Damage of carbon fibers caused by PSO pyrolysis

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
WD01 Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication
WD01 Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication

Application publication date: 20150225