CN104193426B - A kind of manure fermentation is dried the method and apparatus that a step completes - Google Patents
A kind of manure fermentation is dried the method and apparatus that a step completes Download PDFInfo
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- CN104193426B CN104193426B CN201410318401.1A CN201410318401A CN104193426B CN 104193426 B CN104193426 B CN 104193426B CN 201410318401 A CN201410318401 A CN 201410318401A CN 104193426 B CN104193426 B CN 104193426B
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of manure fermentation is dried the method and apparatus that a step completes, it it is a kind of aerobic fermentation method utilizing normal pressure aerobic fementation equipment to carry out, it is characterized in that: utilize and cut up with a hay cutter broken dry straw or the fertilizer fermented or other dry organic materials as water suction raw material, add or without organic matter decomposing inoculant, mix with feces, or they are directly spread to poultry circle or lavatory latrine pit absorbs the moisture in feces, the water content of mixture is adjusted to 30～50%, puts in Zymolysis Equipment and ferment；When in material, fermentation temperature rises to more than 55 DEG C, when being down to again less than 45 DEG C, stopping fermentation, through after-ripening, organic fertilizer water content reaches≤15%；Zymolysis Equipment selects heat and moisture preserving net frame box group, heat and moisture preserving net frame box fleet and daylight thereof to heat fermenting cellar；Yeasting, temperature controls more than 16 DEG C, and humidity is below 60%, it is simple to ventilate；When manufacturing granular organic fertilizer, first pelletize after fermentation, a fermentation dried step completes, and removes drying, smoke evacuation dirt operation from.
Description
One, technical field:
A kind of manure fermentation is dried the method and apparatus that a step completes and belongs to microorganism aerobic fermentation process and set
Standby field.
Two, background technology
Graininess fertilizer and biological organic fertilizer is manufactured, owing in feces, water content is the highest, generally with feces
Will adjust moisture through (1), (2) dispensing is fermented, and (3) pulverize and sieve, (4) pelletize, and (5) dry, (6) screening packaging
6 procedures.Adjusting moisture most common method is to spread Exposure to Sunlight out, reduces water content.Solarization method floor space is big,
Odor pollution environment, threshing ground has become fly to breed place, has been dirty and messy smelly severely afflicated area.Adjust moisture another kind side
Method is that baking is dried.Baking energy consumption is high, flue dust and smell pollution environment.Granular organic fertilizer and granular biological have
The production method that machine is fertile, major part producer uses first ferments, and adds water pelletize, then heating, drying fertiliser granulates.
The graininess fertilizer of this technique production and particular biological fertilizer, water content is relatively low, and pellet hardness is higher,
The storage time is long, it is possible to meet the needs of machine sowing；It is disadvantageous in that: 1. production cost is high, often gives birth to
Produce one ton of fertilizer, cost price about about 150～200 yuan；2. take a lot of work time-consuming；3. pollute environment, be dried side
Method generally uses cylinder dry, and hot blast blows over the moisture that cylinder is taken away on granule, and the dust simultaneously blowing away fertilizer is dirty
Dye air, even if there being waste removal equipment, also unavoidable contaminated air；4. drying course kills a part of useful micro-life
Thing, destroys the active substance of a part of non-refractory, have lost a part of volatile substances, reduces fertilizer efficiency.
The fermentation dried step of granular organic fertilizer that Patent No. ZL03109489.9 describes a kind of first pelletize after fermentation is complete
The production method become.It saving the energy, decrease pollution, the weak point existed is: 1. after fermentation,
The hardness of organic fertilizer particles reduces, and tends not to meet machine sowing needs；2. granular fertilizer water content about 20%,
Water content is the most higher, continues fermentation after pack, and the steam of generation condenses into water on sack top, is formed viscous
Property pureed material, inconvenience machine sowing use；3. it is to use stack process fermentation, and fermentation needs turning, takes a lot of work time-consuming,
Fermentation time is up to first quarter moon, the most longer.Patent documentation CN102603380A describes a kind of fermentation dried one
The method walked, the humidity of fermentation materials controls 50%～75%, and sweat makes moisture evaporate,
Fertilizer can be made to be dried, and product water content is about 20%.It is disadvantageous in that: 1. product water content ratio
Higher, fertilizer may proceed to fermentation, and commercial fertilizer is not easy to the long period and deposits；2. Zymolysis Equipment cost compares
High, it is impossible to mobile, range of application is restricted.Utility model patent CN202099212U describe one group normal
Pressure aerobic fementation equipment, its core heat and moisture preserving Double-level Reticulated aerobic fementation frame group, although have many good qualities,
Still having weak point, its Double-level Reticulated ventilation frame is heavier, manually move dismounting relatively difficult, fermentation materials transport
Time also need refill in means of transport, it is necessary to improve.
Three, goal of the invention
Present invention aim at providing a kind of organic fertilizer fermentation to be dried the method and apparatus that a step completes, especially
It is to provide and a kind of can be made into the fermentation dried of granular organic fertilizer by discharging feces soon (under be called for short feces)
The method and apparatus that one step completes, utilizes the biological heat produced in sweat by dry materials, ferments and be dried
One step completes, and makes fermentation materials water content reach less than 15%, it is simple to preserves, and meets fertilizer
The needs of the granulated fertilizer machine sowings such as material and bio-organic fertilizer；
Four, inventive principle
The present invention ponders a problem from whole biomass organic refuse treating system, totally considers, and plans as a whole peace
Row, to reform offal treatment system, reforms organic fertilizer production system, with energy-saving and emission-reduction, environmental protection as mesh
Mark, is the main reality excessive to cooperative economy, scale batch production from China's agricultural with small peasant economy, sends out
Bright with simple and practical, small collections, with low cost as feature, be both suitable for smallholder use, also be adapted for cooperative society
Use with big factory.
Five, summary of the invention: the method and apparatus that a kind of manure fermentation, a dry step complete
1, a kind of manure fermentation is dried the method and apparatus that a step completes, and its method is that one utilizes normal pressure to lead to
The solid aerobic fermentation that gas Zymolysis Equipment is carried out, it is characterised in that:
I. utilize the dry straw that hand hay cutter is broken, or utilize the dry fertilizer fermented, or utilize other to do
Organic materials is as the raw material of absorption moisture, and adds or without organic matter decomposing inoculant, mixes with feces,
Or the latrine pit that they are directly spread to poultry circle or lavatory absorbs moisture too much in feces, containing mixture
The water yield is adjusted to 30～50%, is put into by mixture in Zymolysis Equipment and ferments；Zymolysis Equipment selects heat and moisture preserving
Net frame box group and heat and moisture preserving net frame box fleet and fermenting cellar thereof；Zymolysis Equipment is placed on ferment in the open, or puts
Put and ferment in fermenting cellar；Yeasting, or the environmental condition of fermenting cellar: mean temperature control 16 DEG C with
On, humidity is below 60%, and is easy to ventilation.
Utilize dry straw or other dry organic materials as the water absorbing agent of regulation fermentation material water content,
Baking feces and Exposure to Sunlight feces are converted into solarization straw, solve Exposure to Sunlight feces or baking excrement and urine polluting environment problem.
Dry straw or other dry organic materials and decomposing agent are spread to poultry circle or are spread to lavatory latrine pit and have
Four big benefits: 1. adjust at poultry circle and reduce organic materials water content, it is to avoid transportation is too big because of moisture, dirty
Current drop down, and pollute on the way；2. organic matter decomposing inoculant is spread to poultry circle, makes fermentation procedure advance to feces and produce
Carrying out time raw, this is conducive to deodorization, improves the hygienic conditions of poultry circle；3. north of china in winter is cold, is unfavorable for
Fermentation, poultry circle room often takes the measure of heating, and mean temperature controls at about 18 DEG C, by dry straw with have
Machine material decomposing agent is sprinkling upon poultry circle in advance, gathers up feces and organic materials mixture, makes water content reach fermentation
Requirement, and the heat that material absorbs can be made full use of at poultry circle, ferment while hot, quick heating, temperature is high,
Change the situation that north of china in winter should not ferment；The fermentation that psychrophile participates in the fermentation of poultry circle belongs to,
Put into the fermentation that in the fermentation mainly of Zymolysis Equipment, high temperature microbe participates in；Adopt and ferment in this way, participate in
The microbe species of fermentation is many, and the many activity of enzyme class of generation are strong, and organic matter fermentation is more abundant；4. for forbidding burning
Burn straw work and provide a kind of method efficiently utilizing straw, for overcoming straw directly returning to field pest and disease damage yet
The shortcoming entering field, it is provided that new Application way；
Ii. rise to more than 55 DEG C when fermentation temperature, when being then down to less than 35 DEG C, stop fermentation, take out
Bank is put into workshop after-ripening, makes water content reach 15%, is directly used as fertilizer；Or it is dry by ferment
Dry fertilizer is spread to poultry circle or latrine pit for adjusting material moisture again as water suction material；Or sieved, sieve
It is divided into powder and bulky grain bits two parts, is used separately as fertilizer and adjusts the water suction material of fermentation raw material water content,
Or with the raw material being further processed.
Spread as water absorbing agent with the dry fertilizer fermented and have three big benefits into poultry circle or latrine pit: 1. solve
Determine the problem lacking dry straw regulation moisture, it is ensured that manure fermentation is dried the method that a step completes and can lack
Also can implement during dry straw, create the condition of extensively utilization for utilizing biological heat to be dried；2. with ferment or
Dry fertilizer by fermentation brings organic materials as water absorbing agent into a large amount of beneficial microbes, it is possible to promote to send out
Ferment, reduces or without organic matter decomposing inoculant；3. feces is easier fermentation decomposition, is difficult to lengthy fermentation；
Straw-like materials cellulose wood lignin content is high, is not easily decomposed, and is re-used as water absorbing agent fermentation, is conducive to after sub-sieve
It fully decomposes, and also saves the energy that baking is dried.
The most not only feces can ferment in this way, processing of farm products residue that moisture content is high, sick fruit, rotten
Leaf, weeds, adopting biomass domestic garbage, can ferment in this way.
The method of these biomass castoffs of conventional treatment is stacking everywhere, buried, burning.Stack everywhere
Pollute environment, grow pest and disease damage.Buried pretty troublesome.Burn and pollute environment, waste resource.This timely with sending out
The method of ferment equipment fermentation, it is possible to kill disease pest and weed, decomposing pesticide residual hazard, additionally it is possible to be translated in time
Microbial organic fertilizer, is a kind of sublimity that purifies, the good method of pollution administration recycling.
2, the method and apparatus that the above a kind of manure fermentation, a dry step complete, its method is a kind of
Utilize the aerobic fermentation method that normal pressure aerobic fementation equipment is carried out, it is characterised in that:
I. by ferment, the dry fertilizer powder through screening is used as water suction material, and adds 0～15%
Binding agent, add or without organic matter decomposing inoculant, directly blend with the feces shipped, or spread
Latrine pit to poultry circle or lavatory absorbs too much moisture, after collection, blending, pelletize, polishing, makes
Fermentation materials granule water content reaches 25～45%, is put into by granule in Zymolysis Equipment and ferments；
For more open material, add binding agent and be conducive to strengthening pellet hardness.With through screening
It is dried fertilizer powder and regulates material moisture as water absorbing agent, can substitute for or save organic matter decomposing inoculant,
Accelerate material to decompose；Some of them can absorb the useful micro-of the volatile noxious substance such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia
Biological, it is possible to deodorization and disinfection improves the environment of poultry circle；
Ii. when in material fermentation temperature rise to more than 55 DEG C, when being then down to less than 35 DEG C, stop fermentation,
Taking out fertiliser granulates, sieve, defective granule returns and re-works, and conforming particle is deposited into workshop after-ripening,
Fertiliser granulates water content is made to reach≤15%.
The method of this first pelletize after fermentation, makes full use of the biological heat that organic materials fermentation produces, and makes to send out
Ferment is dried a step and completes, and guarantees that fertilizer water content reaches≤15%.This relies primarily on containing of regulation fermentation material
The water yield, the Zymolysis Equipment of insulation ventilation and control fermenting cellar or the temperature humidity of yeasting so that it is produce and compare
High temperature, moisture evaporation is very fast.
Iii. adhesive therefor is clay, bentonite, or these are difficult to by microorganism to select weathered coal sodium humate
The material decomposed.
3, the method and apparatus that the above a kind of manure fermentation, a dry step complete, its Zymolysis Equipment is
A kind of heat and moisture preserving net frame box group, it is characterised in that:
I. heat and moisture preserving net frame box group is to be combined into by net frame box (1), bracing frame (2) and heat and moisture preserving, net frame box
Four sides tank wall be four screen frames, the frame angle section of screen frame surrounds；Two horizontal edges of screen frame that one pair of which is shorter
Frame outer end arranges the draw-in groove (3) stretched out, and draw-in groove card puts another corner to longer screen frame；Draw-in groove has three cell walls,
I.e. inwall, outer wall and sidewall；A corresponding card slotted eye it is respectively provided with on the inner and outer wall that each draw-in groove is relative,
I.e. inner card cage hole (4) and wild card slotted eye (5)；On another screen frame frame that the position of card slotted eye, size and card are put
Jack (6) mates, and is provided with T-shaped latch post (7), and the length of latch post can pass wild card slotted eye, insert
Having a surplus in hole, hole, three, inner card cage hole, its length surplus capacity reaches more than 1 times；It is provided with one in the middle part of longer screen frame
Individual or several prominent net umbilicuss (8), net umbilicus 1～3 centimetres high；Hold up two pairs of screen frames, by longer screen frame (14)
Corner and shorter screen frame (13) frame draw-in groove, to good, plug latch post (7), form net frame box, it is possible to will adjust
The fermentation materials prepared puts into net frame box fermentation；The height 1 of net frame box～2 meters, in order to dress discharging operations is
Principle；The length 1 of net frame box～4 meters, be easy to disassembling operations and adaptive yeasting as principle with its weight；
Net frame box width 0.2～1.2 meters, be as the criterion with fermentation material granular size and gas permeability requirements；Mesh sheet width of mesh and
Twine thickness does not leaks outside with material, mesh sheet is basically unchanged shape and is as the criterion；Net frame box is close to composition net placed side by side
Frame case group, net frame box is separated by net umbilicus, forms unsaturated zone seam between net frame box；Some T-shaped bracing frames are set,
To be relatively fixed in the material being inserted into net frame box arranged in parallel for bracing frame, T-shaped crossbeam is connected with the screen frame on both sides
Fixing, fixing with several rope bindings between crossbeam, form network structure, be then coated to cover net with heat and moisture preserving
Frame case group；The network structure of bracing frame composition props heat and moisture preserving quilt, in formation space, fermentation materials top；Cover
Lid heat and moisture preserving by time notice that ventilation slit is left at space and top between the net frame box of lower section；Heat and moisture preserving net
Frame case group energy uses the most in the wild, or is placed into controlling the interior use of fermenting cellar of temperature humidity, keeps away
Exempt from bad climate interference fermentation；Net frame box group can use with cluster, it is also possible to single net frame box is used alone；
Heat and moisture preserving net frame box group is easy to produce ground biomass collection garbage fermentation at garbage, has fermented
After one-tenth, material is transported to warehouse.The heat and moisture preserving net frame box group insulation than Patent No. CN202099212U is protected
Wet Double-level Reticulated aerobic fementation frame group is lighter, and the screen frame of same area reduces one than the weight of Double-level Reticulated ventilation frame
Half, make disassembling operations more convenient.
4, the method and apparatus that the above a kind of manure fermentation, a dry step complete, its Zymolysis Equipment is
A kind of heat and moisture preserving net frame box fleet: its feature is:
I. Zymolysis Equipment heat and moisture preserving net frame box fleet is by some screen frame boxcars (9), T-shaped bracing frame and guarantor
Temperature moisturizing is combined into, and screen frame boxcar is made up of net frame box, flat car (10)；The length of net frame box, high with transport,
According to easy to operate, the width of net frame box determines according to material particles size and ventilatory conditions；One net frame box
Car can be laid 1 and leave louver between net frame box to several net frame boxs, and the width of louver is high by net umbilicus
Degree limits；For requiring that aeration condition is good, the fermentation material that raw meal particle size is less, need the net frame box that width is less,
Several net frame boxs are arranged on same car, and its adjacent screen frame of adjacent net frame box is arranged over the gear connected with loose-leaf
Flitch (11), when charging, striker plate is toppled over outside its net frame box, and adjacent net frame box striker plate leans on mutually, group
Become ridged stock guide, the material fallen to net frame box gap is guided net frame box；The screen frame lower frame of net frame box is arranged
Some pins；Flat car arranges 360 degree of deflecting rollers turned to and traction hook, by power car pulling motion, or
Manual-pushing；Being contained on flat car by net frame box, the pin of screen frame injects in jack corresponding on flat car flat board；
Screen frame boxcar is close to placed side by side composition fermentation fleet, the net umbilicus (8) between screen frame boxcar contacts, net
Unsaturated zone seam is formed between frame boxcar；Screen frame boxcar is installed some T-shaped bracing frames, bracing frame netted
Structure props heat and moisture preserving quilt；
Heat and moisture preserving net frame box fleet can use in the wild, or it is wet to be placed into can controlling temperature
Use in the fermenting cellar of degree, it is to avoid bad climate interference fermentation；Heat and moisture preserving screen frame boxcar cluster uses, or
Single it is used alone；
Screen frame boxcar is easy to produce ground biomass collection garbage at garbage, or fills at batch plant
After car, fermenting cellar fermentation transported to by car load, or is transported to warehouse after having fermented；Screen frame boxcar can car load direct
Transport, reduces the number of times of loading-unloading vehicle, compares saving of labor.
5, the method and apparatus that the above a kind of manure fermentation, a dry step complete, its Zymolysis Equipment
Fermenting cellar is that a kind of daylight heats fermenting cellar, it is characterised in that:
I. fermenting cellar insulation material is manufactured, and sunny slope transparent material, or uses Double-layered transparent material；
In the shade the door that input and output material is set, or it is provided with the door of multiple input and output material；
Ii. thermal insulating shutter is added a cover again on fermenting cellar top transparent material, in order to preserve solar energy；
Iii. the top of fermenting cellar is provided with aiutage, or is provided with multiple aiutage；In fermenting cellar turnover bin gate
Portion is provided with adjustable air inlet；The pressure difference utilizing the temperature difference of gas inside and outside fermenting cellar to produce gets rid of Indoor Air
Body, or aiutage set exhaust fan, forced exhaust；
6, the method and apparatus that the above a kind of manure fermentation, a dry step complete, its Zymolysis Equipment
Heat and moisture preserving is a kind of sponge quilt, it is characterised in that:
I. sponge is made up of two layers of plastic film quilt cover and sponge quilt core；
Ii. nylon male and female long, rectangular bag bar or long, rectangular bag block are fixed on the limit, two sides of sponge quilt respectively, in order to sponge is by mutually
Overlap joint；
Iii. the size of sponge quilt is convenient to operate with its weight, and position used determines.
Six, accompanying drawing explanation
1, reference numeral explanation
Net frame box (1), bracing frame (2), draw-in groove (3), inner card cage hole (4), and wild card slotted eye (5), jack (6),
T-shaped latch post (7), net umbilicus (8), screen frame boxcar (9), flat car (10), striker plate (11), short screen frame (13),
Long screen frame (14)；
2, accompanying drawing explanation
I. accompanying drawing 1: fermentation technology flow chart
Ii. accompanying drawing 2: net frame box group, bracing frame schematic diagram
Iii. accompanying drawing 3: net frame box, draw-in groove and latch post schematic diagram
Iv. accompanying drawing 4: net frame box fleet schematic diagram
Seven, embodiment
Embodiment one.The example that the fermentation dried step of the muck such as feces of livestock and poultry and night soil completes.Utilize hand hay cutter
Broken dry straw, as the raw material of absorption moisture, and adds appropriate organic matter decomposing inoculant, just mixes with chicken manure,
Or mix with swine excrement, or just mix with cattle manure, or mix with human faecal mass, by the water content of mixture
Be adjusted to 30～50%, mixture put into heat and moisture preserving screen frame boxcar, the net frame box width 0.5 of screen frame boxcar～
0.7 meter, screen frame boxcar is placed side by side after filling to be heated in fermenting cellar to daylight, and installs bracing frame, covers sea
Cotton quilt, closes turnover bin gate, starts aerating system, normal fermentation；The environmental condition of fermenting cellar: mean temperature
Controlling more than 16 DEG C, humidity is below 60%；2～3 days material temperatures of fermenting can reach more than 55 DEG C,
Height can reach 75 DEG C, continues fermentation 5～7 days, and temperature is down to less than 35 DEG C, stops fermentation, takes out material
Rough fertilizer can be directly used as；Or put storehouse after-ripening 1～2 weeks into, then through sub-sieve, fine powder conduct
Organic commercial fertilizer, its water content can reach≤15%, and dregs are doped into feces as water absorbing agent and ferment.If
Fermentation material water content is too high, or ambient temperature is relatively low, or ambient humidity is relatively big, or the width of net frame box
Relatively big, need proper extension fermentation time.Daylight heats fermenting cellar can feed discharging, continuous fermentation every day.
Embodiment 2, a fermentation dried step of the excrement particles fertilizer such as poultry circle and lavatory night soil completes example.
The dry organic fertilizer powder fermented is spread to poultry circle for adjusting mistake in absorption material again as water suction material
Many moisture, makes material moisture reach 25～45%, collects mixture, add suitable amount of adhesive, raw material
Adding dry matter weight 7～the clay of 15% and 0～the weathered coal sodium humate of 3% for cattle manure, raw material is pig
Excrement add 5～the clay of 10% of dry matter weight and 0～the weathered coal sodium humate of 3%, raw material is chicken manure
Add 0～the clay of 5% of dry matter weight and 0～the weathered coal sodium humate of 3%, stir；So
Rear pelletize, throwing circle, put screen frame boxcar into；Screen frame boxcar net frame box width 0.5～0.7 meter, screen frame boxcar is filled
After, being transported to daylight, to heat fermenting cellar placed side by side, plugs bracing frame, builds sponge quilt, closes the door of fermenting cellar,
Opening ventilating system, 2～3 days material temperatures of fermenting can reach more than 55 DEG C, and maximum temperature can reach 75 DEG C,
5～7 days temperature of fermenting again are down to less than 35 DEG C, stop fermentation, release screen frame boxcar, by particle screening, close
Lattice granule delivers to storehouse, after-ripening 1～standby after 2 weeks, and defective granule is done over again and reproduced, or is spread to poultry circle
As excess water in water absorbent feces；Daylight heats the environmental condition of fermenting cellar: mean temperature controls
More than 16 DEG C, humid control is below 60%.If ambient temperature is relatively low, or granule water content is higher,
Or ambient humidity is too big, or net frame box width is relatively big, and fermentation time can be with proper extension.Daylight heats to be sent out
Ferment room can feed discharging, continuous fermentation every day.
Embodiment 3: the sick fruit that water consumpation content is big, rotten leaf, the fermentation dried step of weeds complete example.
In warm season, wheat bran, dry edible fungi dregs, rice chaff and appropriate organic matter decomposing inoculant are mixed in advance
Closing, the organic materials high at moisture contents such as field and sick fruit, rotten leaf, weeds mixes, adjustment moisture
Reach 30～50%, then put into net frame box group, plug bracing frame, build sponge quilt, ferment 7～10 days
Temperature rises to more than 55 DEG C and is down to again less than 35 DEG C, and moisture content of material reaches about 15%, can be direct
It is spread to field as fertilizer.If urgently needed, fermenting to kill for 3 days wherein can be used as fertilizer after pest and disease damage.Environment is put down
All temperature more than 16 DEG C, humidity less than 60%.If ambient temperature is relatively low, or ambient humidity is higher, or
Person's net frame box width is relatively big, answers proper extension fermentation time.
Embodiment 4, is dried animal wastes granulating and drying one step and completes example.By the dry animal through screening
Feces powder, adds appropriate organic matter decomposing inoculant, and adds the binding agent of 0～15%, and raw material is cattle manure
Add 7～the clay of 15% of dry matter weight and 0～the weathered coal sodium humate of 3%, raw material is pig manure
Adding 5～the clay of 10% of dry matter weight and 0～the weathered coal sodium humate of 3%, raw material is adding of chicken manure
Enter the 0 of dry matter weight～the clay of 5% and 0～the weathered coal sodium humate of 3%, stir；Then make
Grain, throw circle, put in the net frame box that daylight heats fermenting cellar, net frame box is placed side by side, net frame box width 0.5～
0.7 meter, after net frame box is filled, plug bracing frame, build sponge quilt, close the door of fermenting cellar, open and ventilate
System, 2～3 days material temperatures of fermenting can reach more than 55 DEG C, and maximum temperature can reach 75 DEG C, then ferment 5～
Within 7 days, temperature is down to less than 35 DEG C, stops fermentation, takes material away from net frame box and sieve, and conforming particle is delivered to
Storehouse, after-ripening 1～2 weeks standby；Defective granule is done over again and is reproduced；Daylight heats the environmental condition of fermenting cellar:
Mean temperature controls more than 16 DEG C, and humid control is below 60%.If ambient temperature is relatively low, or
Grain water content is higher, or ambient humidity is too big, or net frame box width is relatively big, and fermentation time can suitably prolong
Long.Daylight heats fermenting cellar can feed discharging, continuous fermentation every day.
Embodiment 5, a fermentation dried step of cities and towns biomass organic waste completes embodiment.Remote in community
Net frame box group is placed at place, by organic for the biomass such as the weeds of sorting, leaves, food debris, decayed fruit, rotten vegetable leaf
Rubbish is transported to net frame box group side, adds the dry fertilizer and appropriate organic matter decomposing inoculant fermented, makes to contain
The water yield reaches 30～50%, through pulverizing, puts into net frame box, and net frame box group is placed side by side, and net frame box is filled
After plug bracing frame, cover sponge quilt, ferment 7～10 days, material temperature rises to more than 55 DEG C, then is down to 35 DEG C
Hereinafter, can stop fermentation, fermentation materials can serve as fertilizer for local plantation flowers and plants.Net frame box group can
With continued access as required, infinitely expand, use continuously.
Eight, the advantage of invention:
1. utilize dry straw or other dry organic materials as the water absorbing agent of regulation fermentation material water content,
Baking feces and Exposure to Sunlight feces are converted into solarization straw, solve Exposure to Sunlight feces or baking excrement and urine polluting environment problem；
For forbidding that crop straw burning work provides a kind of method efficiently utilizing straw, for overcoming straw directly returning to field sick
The shortcoming that field is the most also entered in insect pest, it is provided that new Application way；
2. dry straw or other dry organic materials and organic matter decomposing inoculant are spread to poultry circle or are spread to
Lavatory latrine pit has three big benefits: 1. adjusts at poultry circle and reduces organic materials water content, it is to avoid transportation is because of water
Dividing too big, filthy water is trickled, and pollutes on the way；2. organic matter decomposing inoculant is spread to poultry circle, makes fermentation procedure carry
Before carry out when producing to feces, this is conducive to deodorization, improves the hygienic conditions of poultry circle；3. north of china in winter is trembled with fear
Cold, it is unfavorable for fermentation, the measure of heating often is taked in poultry circle room, and mean temperature controls at about 18 DEG C, will
Dry straw and organic matter decomposing inoculant are sprinkling upon poultry circle in advance, gather up feces and organic materials mixture, make aqueous
Amount reaches requirement of fermenting, and can make full use of the heat that material absorbs at poultry circle, ferments while hot, quick heating,
Temperature is high, changes the situation that north of china in winter should not ferment；Psychrophile fermentation in the fermentation of poultry circle belongs to,
Put into high temperature microbe fermentation in the fermentation mainly of Zymolysis Equipment；Adopt and ferment in this way, participate in fermentation
Microbe species is many, and the many activity of enzyme class of generation are strong, and organic matter fermentation is more abundant；
3. spread as water absorbing agent with the dry fertilizer fermented and have four big benefits into poultry circle or lavatory latrine pit:
1. the problem lacking dry straw regulation moisture is solved, it is ensured that manure fermentation is dried method that a step completes can be
Also can implement when lacking dry straw, create the condition of extensively utilization for utilizing biological heat to be dried；2. with fermenting
Or dry fertilizer by fermentation as water absorbing agent, a large amount of beneficial microbes are brought into organic materials, it is possible to promote
Set out ferment, reduce or without organic matter decomposing inoculant；3. feces is easier fermentation decomposition, is difficult to long-time
Fermentation；And straw-like materials cellulose wood lignin content is high, it is not easily decomposed, after sub-sieve, is re-used as water absorbing agent fermentation,
Be conducive to it fully to decompose, also save the energy that baking is dried；4. make with the dry fertilizer powder through screening
Regulate material moisture for water absorbing agent, can substitute for or save organic matter decomposing inoculant, accelerate material and decompose；Its
In some can absorb the beneficial microbe of the volatile noxious substance such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, it is possible to deodorization disappears
Poison improves the environment of poultry circle；
4., for cattle manure, these more open materials of pig manure, add binding agent and be conducive to strengthening pellet hardness,
Adapt to the needs of granulated fertilizer machine sowing.
5. the method for these biomass castoffs such as conventional treatment deadwood and rotten leaf, weeds, sick fruit be stacking everywhere,
Buried, burning.Stack everywhere and pollute environment, grow pest and disease damage.Buried pretty troublesome.Burn and pollute environment, wave
Take resource.This in time by the method for Zymolysis Equipment fermentation, it is possible to killing disease pest and weed in time, decomposing pesticide is residual
Poison, additionally it is possible to be translated into microbial organic fertilizer, is a kind of environment purification, pollution administration, refuse reclamation
Good method.
The method of the most this first pelletize after fermentation, makes full use of the biological heat that organic materials fermentation produces, and makes to send out
Ferment is dried a step and completes, and guarantees that fertilizer water content reaches≤15%.Method saves degranulation baking link,
Not only save the energy, also eliminate pollution, it is not necessary to waste removal equipment is set.
7. the process of rural toilet night soil and feces of livestock and poultry has multiple method.1. construction of marsh gas tank, carries out biogas
Fermentation.This is a good method.The problem that presently, there are is that biogas residue and biogas liquid fertilizer nutrient is the lowest, and major part is moisture,
Freight volume is big, and subsequent treatment work more bothers, and has the local peasant of electricity to be unwilling to use；2. Jian Shui lavatory, by excrement
Urine rushes in latrine pit, and then extraction Xi feces shines half-dried fermentation, or sells argol.This method waste water resource,
Summer, lavatory became fly to breed place with shining middenstead, shines middenstead and pollutes environment.3. water rushes poultry circle, poultry circle
Clean, fecal sewage flows over, and foul smell is unpleasant, pollutes environment；5. drought lavatory.Water shortage in north china, most rural areas
It it is drought lavatory.Fecaluria, rubbish, sewage are all filled into lavatory compost.Although management feces is saved trouble, but natural fermentation
The odor pollution air produced, summer, lavatory became fly to breed place, and group fly disorderly dance is rural area feature, easily
Spread disease to people and animals.Utilize the present invention can solve the problems referred to above well.Feces is got rid of every day according to estimation
Quantity, in advance the mixture of the broken dry straw powder of hand hay cutter with organic matter decomposing inoculant is spread into poultry circle or lavatory thatch
Hole, collects straw and focuses on fermentation field with feces mixture, stirred by material in discharging the fecaluria same day or 2～3 days
Mix dispensing, put heat and moisture preserving net frame box group and net frame box fleet into and daylight heats fermenting cellar fermentation, not only control
Reason is polluted, and also eliminates disease pest poison, and ably done can eliminate the situation of rural area group fly disorderly dance, it is achieved rural area is without group fly.
8. improving cities and towns and process the present situation of biomass organic waste, it is organic that change processes rubbish producing microbial of making a living
Fertile.Cities and towns biomass organic waste substantial amounts, freight volume is big, and conventional treatment way is to bury, burn.Cover
Produce biogas after burying, not only hold fire hazardous, also pollute environment, damage the ozone layer.Burn and pollute environment,
Waste resource.Sorting fermentation process eliminates and pollutes, and provides fertilizer for environmental protection cause, and reduces fortune
Defeated cost.
9. the microbial organic fertilizer that the present invention produces, can not only provide nutrition, additionally it is possible to improvement soil,
The multiple disease pest of prevention and control, strengthen crop resist drought and waterlogging wind and cold heat ability, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, improve yield change
Kind crops quality, provides fine quality production data for agricultural, for reducing chemical fertilizer and chemical pesticide consumption, produces
Safe Agricultural Product is significant.
10. the present invention is of many uses, has both been suitable for smallholder's application, also has been adapted for scale batch production and uses throughout the year；
Both can use can also be used alone with cluster.This invention is used to reduce than conventional heap corruption method floor space, only
For its a thirtieth.Ferment without turning, save man-hour.Fermented quality is uniform, and product is innoxious.Product
Odorless.Invention considers a problem from biomass organic waste treatment whole system, overall arrangement, overall saving
The energy, pollution administration, economic benefit, environmental benefit, social benefit are good.
Claims (6)
1. manure fermentation is dried the equipment that a step completes, and its Zymolysis Equipment is a kind of heat and moisture preserving net frame box group,
It is characterized in that: heat and moisture preserving net frame box group is by net frame box (1), arch T-shaped bracing frame (2) and heat and moisture preserving
Being combined into, the four sides tank wall of net frame box is four screen frames, and the frame angle section of screen frame surrounds；One pair of which is shorter
Two transverse frame outer ends of screen frame the draw-in groove (3) stretched out is set, draw-in groove card puts another corner to longer screen frame；
Draw-in groove has three cell walls, i.e. inwall, outer wall and sidewall；It is respectively provided with one on the inner and outer wall that each draw-in groove is relative
Individual corresponding card slotted eye, i.e. inner card cage hole (4) and wild card slotted eye (5)；The position of card slotted eye, size are put with card
Another screen frame frame on jack (6) coupling, and be provided with T-shaped latch post (7), the length of latch post is worn
Crossing wild card slotted eye, has a surplus in jack, hole, three, inner card cage hole, and length surplus capacity reaches more than 1 times；Longer net
One or several prominent net umbilicus, net umbilicus 1～3 centimetres high it are provided with in the middle part of frame；The height 1 of net frame box～2 meters,
So that dress discharging operations is principle；The length 1 of net frame box～4 meters, be easy to disassembling operations and suitable with its weight
Joining yeasting is principle；Net frame box width 0.2～1.2 meters, with fermentation material granular size and gas permeability requirements be
Accurate；Mesh sheet width of mesh and twine thickness do not leak outside with material, mesh sheet is indeformable is as the criterion；Net frame box is close to
Composition net frame box group placed side by side, net frame box is separated by net umbilicus, forms unsaturated zone seam between net frame box；If arranging
Dry arch T-shaped bracing frame, will be relatively fixed in the material being inserted into net frame box arranged in parallel for arch T-shaped bracing frame,
Arch beam is connected fixing with the screen frame on both sides temporarily, fixing with several rope bindings between crossbeam, is formed netted
Structure, is then capped net frame box group with heat and moisture preserving, and the network structure of arch T-shaped bracing frame composition props guarantor
Temperature moisturizing quilt, in formation space, fermentation materials top；Covering and heat insulating moisturizing by time between the net frame box of lower section space
Ventilation slit is left on place and top；Zymolysis Equipment is placed on ferment in the open, or is placed on fermentation in fermenting cellar.
2. described in claim 1, a kind of manure fermentation is dried the equipment that a step completes, and its Zymolysis Equipment is a kind of insulation
Moisturizing net frame box fleet, its feature is: heat and moisture preserving net frame box fleet is by some screen frame boxcars, arch fourth
Word bracing frame and heat and moisture preserving are combined into, and screen frame boxcar is made up of net frame box (1), flat car (10)；Net frame box
Long, high by transport, easy to operate according to, the width of net frame box is true according to material particles size and ventilatory conditions
Fixed；One screen frame boxcar is laid 1 and is arrived several net frame boxs, leaves louver, the width of louver between net frame box
Degree is by net umbilicus limitation in height；For requiring that aeration condition is good, the fermentation material that raw meal particle size is less, need width relatively
Little net frame box, several net frame boxs are arranged on same car, its adjacent screen frame of adjacent net frame box be arranged over
The striker plate that loose-leaf connects, when charging, striker plate is toppled over outside its net frame box, adjacent net frame box striker plate
Lean on mutually, form ridged stock guide, the material fallen to net frame box gap is guided net frame box；Under the screen frame of net frame box
Frame arranges some pins；Flat car arranges deflecting roller and the traction hook of 360 degree, by power car pulling motion,
Or by Manual-pushing；Being contained on flat car by net frame box, the pin of screen frame injects correspondence on flat car flat board
In jack；Screen frame boxcar is close to composition placed side by side net frame box fleet, and the net umbilicus between screen frame boxcar connects
Touch, between screen frame boxcar, form unsaturated zone seam；Screen frame boxcar is installed some arch T-shaped bracing frames, supports
The network structure of frame props heat and moisture preserving quilt；Zymolysis Equipment is placed on ferment in the open, or is placed in fermenting cellar
Fermentation.
3. described in claim 1, a kind of manure fermentation is dried a step and completes equipment, and its fermenting cellar is that a kind of daylight heats
Fermenting cellar, it is characterised in that:
I. fermenting cellar insulation material makes, and sunny slope transparent material；In the shade the door that input and output material is set；
Ii. thermal insulating shutter is added a cover again on fermenting cellar top transparent material, in order to preserve solar energy；
Iii. the top of fermenting cellar is provided with aiutage；The middle part of fermenting cellar turnover bin gate is provided with the adjustable air inlet of size；Profit
The pressure difference produced by the temperature difference of gas inside and outside fermenting cellar is got rid of in indoor gas, or aiutage and is set exhaust fan,
Forced exhaust.
4. described in claim 1, a kind of manure fermentation is dried the equipment that a step completes, the heat and moisture preserving of its Zymolysis Equipment
It is a kind of sponge quilt, it is characterised in that:
I. sponge is made up of two layers of plastic film quilt cover and sponge quilt core；
Ii. nylon male and female long, rectangular bag bar or long, rectangular bag block are fixed on the limit, two sides of sponge quilt respectively, in order to sponge is mutually overlapped；
Iii. the size of sponge quilt is convenient to operate with its weight, and position used determines.
5. manure fermentation is dried the method that a step completes, and its method is that one utilizes claim 1-4 arbitrary described
The solid aerobic fermentation that equipment is carried out, it is characterised in that:
I. utilize the dry straw that hand hay cutter is broken, or utilize the dry fertilizer fermented, or utilize other dry Organic substance
Expect as the raw material absorbing moisture, and add or without organic matter decomposing inoculant, mix with feces, or will
They are directly spread to the latrine pit in poultry circle or lavatory and absorb moisture too much in feces, the water content of mixture are adjusted
Whole to 30～50%, mixture is put in Zymolysis Equipment and ferment；Zymolysis Equipment selects heat and moisture preserving net frame box
Group or heat and moisture preserving net frame box fleet；Zymolysis Equipment is placed on ferment in the open, or is placed on fermentation in fermenting cellar；
Yeasting or the environmental condition of fermenting cellar: temperature controls more than 16 DEG C, humidity below 60%, and
It is easy to ventilation；
Ii. rise to more than 55 DEG C when fermentation temperature, when being then down to less than 35 DEG C, stop fermentation, extract stockpile
It is put into workshop after-ripening, makes water content reach 15%, be directly used as fertilizer；Or the dry fertilizer that will ferment
Poultry circle or latrine pit it is spread to again for adjusting material moisture as water suction material；Or sieved, sieved as powder
Agent and bulky grain bits two parts, be used separately as fertilizer and adjust the water suction material of fermentation raw material water content, or using
The raw material being further processed；
Iii. or with the high processing of farm products residue of moisture content, sick fruit, rotten leaf, weeds, adopting biomass domestic garbage replacement
Feces, is dried powder of straw with blending or blends the method adjustment water content of dry fertilizer with after fermentation.
6. manure fermentation is dried the method that a step completes, and its method is to utilize the arbitrary described equipment of claim 1-4
The solid aerobic fermentation carried out, it is characterised in that:
I. will ferment, the dry fertilizer powder through screening is used as water suction material, and add 0～15% viscous
Mixture, adds or without organic matter decomposing inoculant, directly blends with the feces shipped, or be spread to poultry
The latrine pit in fowl circle or lavatory absorbs too much moisture, through collecting, blending；Prepare the mixture of material through pelletize,
After polishing, make fermentation materials granule water content reach 25～45%, granule is put in Zymolysis Equipment and ferment；
Zymolysis Equipment selects heat and moisture preserving net frame box group, heat and moisture preserving net frame box fleet and fermenting cellar；Yeasting, temperature
Degree controls more than 16 DEG C, and humidity is below 60%, and is easy to ventilation；
Ii. when in material fermentation temperature rise to more than 55 DEG C, when being down to again less than 35 DEG C, stop fermentation, take out fertilizer
Material granule, sieves, and defective granule returns and re-works, and conforming particle is deposited into workshop after-ripening, makes fertilizer
Granule water content reaches≤15%；
Iii. adhesive therefor is clay or bentonite.
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| CN104557181A (en) * | 2015-01-12 | 2015-04-29 | 郑兴耘 | A set of soft net type aerobic fermentation equipment and use method thereof |
| CN105110588A (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2015-12-02 | 许道军 | Breeding farm solid-state manure dirt treatment system and breeding farm solid-state manure dirt treatment method |
| CN105906397B (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2022-04-12 | 昆明理工大学 | Method and device for producing granular organic fertilizer by granulating organic solid waste and performing pressure swing composting |
| CN107488052A (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2017-12-19 | 扬州宇家环保科技有限公司 | A kind of poultry manure processing unit and its technique |
| CN106277307A (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2017-01-04 | 重庆市长寿区祥惠林农业科技有限公司 | Livestock waste immediate processing method |
| CN107007189A (en) * | 2017-05-21 | 2017-08-04 | 王广升 | A kind of ecological dry pail latrine and the method that garbage leachate is handled using it |
| CN107602168A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-01-19 | 石家庄开发区春雨生物工程有限公司 | A kind of new particulate organic fertilizer production technique and its organic fertilizer |
| CN111116252A (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2020-05-08 | 南京大学（溧水）生态环境研究院 | Multi-compartment energy-saving aerobic composting device and composting method thereof |
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| CN102276316A (en) * | 2011-05-30 | 2011-12-14 | 郑兴耘 | Constant-pressure venting fermentation method and equipment |
| CN102531725A (en) * | 2012-03-07 | 2012-07-04 | 郑兴耘 | Normal pressure aerated fermentation equipment and method |
| CN103172428A (en) * | 2013-03-19 | 2013-06-26 | 建德市绿环有机肥料有限公司 | Production method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer through excrements of livestocks on large scale |
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