CN101913925B - Solid fermented compost device capable of being continuously operated and compost process - Google Patents
Solid fermented compost device capable of being continuously operated and compost process Download PDFInfo
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- CN101913925B CN101913925B CN2010102515220A CN201010251522A CN101913925B CN 101913925 B CN101913925 B CN 101913925B CN 2010102515220 A CN2010102515220 A CN 2010102515220A CN 201010251522 A CN201010251522 A CN 201010251522A CN 101913925 B CN101913925 B CN 101913925B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a solid fermented compost device capable of being continuously operated and a compost process. The device comprise a fermentation main warehouse, a front auxiliary system, a rear auxiliary system which are connected through a conveyer belt, the fermentation main warehouse is a box-type shell built by a brick-concrete structure and provided with a spray nozzle and open air holes at the top, a straw mattress with added deodorant chemical agents covers the outer surfaces of the open air holes, a gutter is arranged at the bottom of the box-type shell; a guide rail is erected at the upper part of the gutter; a hopper underpan with a mounted hopper is mounted on the guide rail and towed by a locomotive to move on the guide rail; a probe for acquiring fermentation parameter data is embedded in the fermentation main warehouse and electrically connected with an outer computer processing system; ventilation pipelines are arranged along the parallel directions at both sides of the guide rail in the fermentation main warehouse and connected with a blower; and the rear auxiliary system is formed by communicating a compost curing warehouse, a compost forming warehouse and a product drying warehouse through the conveyer belt. The device can be applied to the fermented compost treatment of food waste as well as livestock and poultry manure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of device and technology of solid state fermentation, but particularly a kind of solid-state fermentation installation of operate continuously and composting process.
Background technology
Solid state fermentation refers to mikrobe growth on the solid medium that does not have or almost do not have free-water, breeding and metabolic biotransformation.The needed oxygen of microorganism growth and metabolism mainly comes from gas phase; Have only a part seldom to be present in the water that mixes with solid medium with the form of dissolved oxygen; So solid state fermentation relates to the gas, liquid, solid three-phase, it is complicated that its mass transfer, heat transfer conditions become than in liquid submerged fermentation.
Solid-state fermentation reactor is the main place of carrying out solid state fermentation; For the design of microorganism reactor except the transmission of considering oxygen; Also will consider how to control the temperature and the water cut of substratum, also need consider two aspects in addition: the form of thalline and shearing force are to the influence of thalline.Following several types appearred in the design to solid-state fermentation reactor: packed bed reactor, fluidized-bed reactor, rotary drum reactor drum, tray formula reactor drum, stirred reactor.People study and improve these solid-state fermentation reactors always, but these reactor drums all do not have fundamentally to solve simultaneously oxygen transmission, heat passage and moisture transmission and provide thalli growth metabolic optimum environment.
Compost is a kind of application of solid state fermentation, can be divided into two kinds of general compost and During High-Temperature Composting [Chinese agriculture encyclopedia: agrochemistry volume, P48.1996.0601].The raw material of compost is extensive; Can be crop material, people's domestic animals manure, domestic refuse, gardens lop, weeds, mud etc.; Through certain composting conditions; Kill wherein pathogenic bacteria, worm's ovum and weed seed etc., can these composting materials be converted into organic fertilizer simultaneously, offer agricultural sector as the important production means.
Composting technology has obtained using widely, multiple compositing system occurred: bar buttress system, forced ventilation static buttress system and reactor assembly.Bar buttress system piles bar buttress shape with composting material, under aeration condition, carries out compost, generally adopts dual mode to reach ventilation requirement: plenum and mechanical stirring.For bar buttress system, the most important thing is the place, in order to keep certain heap temperature, bar buttress system must have certain scale simultaneously, and the shortcoming of bar buttress formula system is to produce a large amount of stink and pathogenic bacterias to kill not exclusively, and the compost time is long; Forced ventilation static buttress system is the improvement to bar buttress formula system, gives the oxygen supply of heap body and gets rid of metabolism gas through plenum, and the heap body need regularly stir, and labour intensity is big; Reactor assembly is a complete airtight silo, and air is supplied with from the bottom, forms reverse flow with windrow, and advantages such as floor space is little though reactor assembly has, odorless operation, composting production high-quality, its cost are promoted difficulty than higher.More than three kinds of composting modes all have the inhomogenous problem of quality product.
Along with the development of urban construction and the increase of urban population, the generation of China's municipal wastes constantly increases, and refuse pollution has become the serious social concern of puzzlement urban development.Countries in the world are all the principle of " three change " policy of the minimizing of municipal solid wastes, innoxious and resource utilization as comprehensive solution municipal wastes; Surpassing 22% urban solid garbage according to statistics is the food relative refuse; These rubbish are nutritious, are the important source material of composting operation.Simultaneously,, produced a large amount of organic wastes such as stalk and feces of livestock and poultry,, will cause the serious waste of resource and the pollution of environment if be not used along with agricultural and Developing of Animal Industry.Contain great number of organic matters and nutrient in crop material and feces of livestock and poultry and other solid waste; It is estimated to provide nitrogen 470-550 ten thousand tons, ten thousand tons of the plain 280-310 of phosphorus, ten thousand tons of the plain 560-590 of potassium; Organic about 600,000,000 tons, also comprise a large amount of trace elements simultaneously.With the processing of becoming thoroughly decomposed efficiently of these organic materialss, not only can solve environmental problem, can also a large amount of organic fertilizer resources be provided for Agricultural Development, realize " green agriculture " and " agricultural of Sustainable development ".The solid organic waste is become thoroughly decomposed as an important means of reclaiming organic waste, obtained the attention of countries in the world, the ratio of solid organic thing composting rises year by year.Yet conventional compost has, and labour intensity is big, produce stink in the process, shortcomings such as pathogenic bacteria is killed not exclusively, cost height; And solid-state fermentation process of the present invention, cost is low, running cost is low, advantages such as mechanize are completely killed fully, can be realized to odorless, insulation and pathogenic bacteria.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is in order to solve that stink, the pathogenic bacteria that existing solid state fermentation particularly exists in the compost fermentation technology killed not exclusively, cost is high and defective such as labour intensity is big; Thereby a kind of device of solid state fermentation of the compost that can be applied to treatment of urban garbage and agriculture and industry waste is provided; The main chamber structure of the fermentation of this device is simple; Adopt brick to mix and replace metal construction, practiced thrift metal and reduced cost, help applying.
But another object of the present invention provides a kind of solid state fermentation composting process of operate continuously, and the running cost of this solid-state fermentation process is low, odorless, pathogenic bacteria are killed fully, can be realized mechanize completely.
The objective of the invention is to realize through following technical scheme:
But the solid state fermentation composting device of a kind of operate continuously provided by the invention comprises the main storehouse of fermentation, preceding subsystem and back subsystem, and wherein, described preceding subsystem, the main storehouse of described fermentation and described back subsystem are connected through travelling belt; It is characterized in that: the main storehouse of described fermentation 6 main bodys adopt brick mix structure to be built into box-type shell, and described box-type shell two ends are respectively equipped with door, have the soft curtain of heat insulation function in described door mouth installation one; One row's shower nozzle 12 is installed at described box-type shell top; Be used in the main storehouse 6 of fermentation, keeping the skin wet; With satisfy fermenting process to the needs of moisture and on this box-type shell end face open pores 11, cover straw mattress at described open pores 11 outside surfaces; Add the deodorizing chemical agent in the straw mattress, to remove the stink of emitting gas in the fermenting process; And bottom this box-type shell, have waterways 15; The effect in waterways 15 is transudates of accepting fermented product; Guide rail 10 is set up on 15 tops in the waterways, and N movable hopper chassis 14 (N is at least 2) is installed on this guide rail 10, lays hopper 13 on the hopper chassis 14; Move on guide rail through locomotive traction on described hopper chassis 14; Fermentation materials directly changes in the hopper 13 through the discharge opening of material mixer 5; In hopper 13 draws in the main storehouse 6 of fermentation through van; Postback beginning fermenting process in the ferment master storehouse with locomotive traction hopper chassis 14 and hopper 13 then; N hopper 13 charging and discharging in turn constitutes the operate continuously in the main storehouse 6 of fermentation; Also in the main storehouse 6 of fermentation, bury the probe that obtains the fermentation parameter data underground, described probe is accepted treatment system with external data and is electrically connected, and in time obtains the fermentation parameter data; In the main storehouse 6 of described fermentation, the direction parallel along the both sides of guide rail 10 arranged breather line, is connected with breather line 16 by a gas blower, carries out air blast and strengthens exchange gas and mass transfer; Venting hole 11 outside surfaces on the box-type shell in the main storehouse 6 of described fermentation cover straw mattress, add the deodorizing chemical agent in the straw mattress, to remove the stink of emitting gas in the fermenting process;
Described back subsystem is made up of through the travelling belt connection curing of compost storehouse 7, compost moulding storehouse 8 and product drying storehouse 9; The material that fermentation hopper 13 in the main storehouse 6 of described fermentation draws off gets into curing of compost storehouse 7; Material behind curing of compost storehouse 7 gets into compost moulding storehouse 8 and carries out the formed product operation; The material that comes out from compost moulding storehouse 8 gets into product drying storehouse 9 as primary products, gets into storage and logistics system through dried product.
In above-mentioned technical scheme, described before subsystem comprise: one is used for fermentation raw material first Magnet Separater (1), the first screening separator 2, first material metering device 3, the first material pulverizer 4 and material mixer 5; Described first Magnet Separater 1 and the described first screening separator 2 are connected through travelling belt; The described first screening separator 1 is connected through travelling belt with the described first material pulverizer 4; The bottom of the described first material pulverizer 4 and the described first screening separator 2 be connected through travelling belt, described first sieve separator 2 the bottom be connected through travelling belt with described first material metering device 3; Also comprise one be used to support the material raw material second Magnet Separater 1 ' sieve separator 2 ' be connected through travelling belt with described second; The described second screening separator 2 ' with the described second material pulverizer 4 ' be connected through travelling belt, described second sieve separator 2 ' with described second material metering device 3 ' be connected through travelling belt; Described second material metering device 3 and described second material metering device 3 ' be communicated with material mixer 5 through a merge area; Described material mixer 5 supports the material thorough mixing with composting material and raw material; Mixed material is directly changed in the hopper 13 by the discharge opening of material mixer 5, and hopper 13 draws in the main storehouse 6 of fermentation through van.
In above-mentioned technical scheme, described deodorizing chemical agent is that mass concentration is the lime aqueous solution of 0.1%-0.17%.
In above-mentioned technical scheme, the described probe that obtains the fermentation parameter data comprises: temp probe, moisture probe, oxygen probe, carbonic acid gas probe, ammonia probe; Data through these probes obtain are controlled the environmental parameter of fermenting process.
In above-mentioned technical scheme, described shower nozzle 12 is that the interval 20cm-200cm between shower nozzle and the shower nozzle is set along the direction parallel with fermentation cabin.
In above-mentioned technical scheme, described locomotive is tractor-drawn or other traction facility traction.
But the solid state fermentation compost method of operate continuously provided by the invention carries out but be included in the solid-state fermentation installation of operate continuously according to the following steps:
1) get the raw materials ready: the fermentation raw material that will measure moisture is sent into Magnet Separater device 1, and the raw material of removing behind the metal is sent into the first screening separator 2, and particle diameter through the first screening separator 2, gets into first material metering device 3 less than the material of 5cm; Particle diameter can not be through the first screening separator 2 greater than the material of 5cm, and big particle diameter material gets into the first material pulverizer 4, and through returning the first screening separator 2 after pulverizing, final material can get into first material metering device 3 all through the first screening separator 2;
With the support material raw material of measuring moisture send into second Magnet Separater 1 ', remove support material raw material behind the metal send into the second screening separator 2 ', support the material raw material through sifter, get into support material raw material second gauger 3 '; Particle diameter greater than the support material raw material of 5cm can not through the second screening separator 2 '; The support material raw material of big particle diameter get into the second material pulverizer 4 '; Through return after pulverizing the second screening separator 2 '; The final material raw material that supports can all sieve separator through second, get into second material metering device 3 '; From first material metering device 3 with second material metering device 3 ' fermentation raw material with support material and send in the material mixer 5 through travelling belt according to the ratio of metering, through mixing fully, accomplish getting the raw materials ready before the fermentation;
2) fermentation: expect to unload in the material bin 13 with supporting through step 1) material mixer 5 raw materials mixed; With locomotive hopper chassis 14 and hopper 13 tractions are postbacked ferment master storehouse 6, because a plurality of hoppers chassis 14 and hopper 13 are arranged, so need repeat repeatedly, to accomplish the charging of hopper 13, the charging room that writes down adjacent two hoppers is separated; The envrionment conditions in the main storehouse 6 of control fermentation: temperature is 30-40 ℃; Humidity is 50-100%, suitably ventilates; After fermentation in 48-72 hour, detect the C/N ratio of fermentation raw material, fermenting process is accomplished when reaching the C/N ratio of compost;
3) material is discharged into from hopper 13 in the curing of compost storehouse 7 after the fermentation that slaking: with step 2) obtains, and irregularly detects the C/N ratio of material, when the C/N ratio of treating material finally is stabilized in 15-20; Accomplish curing of compost, material is sent in the compost moulding storehouse 8, carry out forming operation with travelling belt; Material after the moulding is sent in the product drying storehouse 9; Be lower than 10% through dried material moisture, storage that promptly can the long period, the material that will reach moisture requirement is sent into storage or logistics system.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. but the solid state fermentation composting device of operate continuously provided by the invention is simple in structure; The main chamber structure that particularly ferments is simple, can adopt brick mix structure to be built into box-type shell, replaces metal material; Practice thrift metal and reduced cost, met the demand of national industrial policies.
2. when solid state fermentation composting device of the present invention is applied to the composting process; Can composting process be separated with maturing process; The main storehouse of fermenting is responsible for successive and is carried out compost, and the latter stage of ripening of compost is accomplished in pond, curing of compost storehouse, and the utilization ratio in the main storehouse of fermenting improves; Improve composting efficiency, reduced the compost place.
3. but device of the present invention can be realized the solid state fermentation compost of operate continuously; Be provided with venting hole at this device, and add a cover the straw mattress that is soaked with lime aqueous solution, remove the stink that produces in the fermenting process so like a cork; Can also reclaim the ammonia that produces in the fermenting process, economize on resources.
4. discarded straw mattress can also recycle in fermented manure as supporting material.
5. adopt solid state fermentation composting device of the present invention to carry out the method for compost and (make two words of method into technology?); Because compost and maturing process; Material various piece envrionment conditions is consistent, and there is not the uneven problem of compost in the quality product homogeneous that finally obtains.
4. use the method for the fermented manure that fermented manure device of the present invention carries out; Can keep solid ferment process in a homothermic space, to carry out,, when temperature raises, can realize cooling through spray cold water in main storehouse because be provided with shower nozzle, vent-pipe, heating tube in this device; Perhaps through arranging that in the main storehouse of fermentation breather line feeds freezing air in the main storehouse of fermentation; Therefore, solid ferment process does not receive the restriction in season, has improved the utilization ratio of fermentation equipment.
5. adopt the method for fermented manure of the present invention, the material in the main storehouse of fermentation does not need to stir, and adopts locomotive traction simultaneously, saves manpower, has reduced cost.
Description of drawings
But the solid state fermentation composting device synoptic diagram of Fig. 1 operate continuously provided by the present invention
The vertical view in the main storehouse of fermentation in Fig. 2 solid state fermentation composting device provided by the present invention
The sectional side elevation in the main storehouse of fermentation in Fig. 3 solid state fermentation composting device provided by the present invention
The cross-sectional figure in the main storehouse of fermentation in Fig. 4 solid state fermentation composting device provided by the present invention
Reference numeral
1 Magnet Separater, 2 screening separators, 3 material metering devices
4 material pulverizers, 1 ' Magnet Separater 2 ' screening separator
3 ' material metering device, 4 ' material pulverizer, 5 material mixers
6 fermentation 8 compost moulding storehouses, 7 curing of compost storehouses, main storehouse
9 product drying storehouses, 10 guide rails, 11 venting holes
12 shower nozzles, 13 hoppers, 14 hopper chassis
15 waterwayss, 16 tractions, 17 ventpipes
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is done explanation in further detail
Embodiment 1
With reference to Fig. 1, but set up the solid state fermentation composting device of an operate continuously provided by the invention, empty frame inside is divided into preceding subsystem among the figure, by ... The frame inside that line is formed is divided into the back subsystem.Below be described in detail respectively:
With reference to Fig. 1, in the preceding subsystem of present embodiment, employed one is used for the Magnet Separater of screening 1, screening separator 2, material metering device 3, the material pulverizer 4 of fermentation raw material; And employed one be used to support raw material the Magnet Separater of screening 1 ', screening separator 2 ', material metering device 3 ' and material pulverize 4 ', and one to be used for fermentation raw material all be to buy the market conventional equipment with supporting the material mixer 5 that raw materials mix uses.Wherein, Between first Magnet Separater 1 and the first screening separator 2, connect through travelling belt; The first screening separator 2 is connected through travelling belt with the first material pulverizer 4; The bottom of the first material pulverizer 4 and the first screening separator 2 be connected through travelling belt, first sieve separator 2 the bottom be connected through travelling belt with first material metering device 3.One be used to support the material raw material second Magnet Separater 1 ' sieve separator 2 ' be connected through travelling belt with second; The second screening separator 2 ' with the second material pulverizer 4 ' be connected through travelling belt, second sieve separator 2 ' with second material metering device 3 ' be connected through travelling belt; Through first material metering device 3 and second material metering device 3 ' get into material mixer 5 according to the mixed material of setting through a merge area, described material mixer 5 mixes material fully, mixed material unloads in the material bin 13.The fermentation hopper 13 that ferments in the main storehouse 6 is fixed on the hopper chassis 14, can move hopper 13 through traction hopper chassis 14.Material in the hopper 13 can be discharged in the curing of compost storehouse 7 in the subsystem of back.
6 main bodys adopt the box-type shell of brick mix structure (like Fig. 3 and shown in Figure 4) in the main storehouse of the fermentation of present embodiment, and this box-type shell surfaces externally and internally is floating to leakless with cement, the wide 2.4m of box-type shell * high 2.8m * long 20m.Along the end face in the main storehouse 6 of the fermentation of box-type shell, the direction parallel with the main storehouse of fermentation 6 is in the distance of interval 20-200cm; Can arrange a shower nozzle 12, the number of shower nozzle 12 is looked long-width ratio and the hopper height of fermentation cabin and spray scope that shower nozzle reaches and is decided, and for example present embodiment is that 40cm opens a hole at interval; Open 50 holes altogether, insert the shower nozzle 12 that fermentation main storehouse 6 interior shower are used, then these shower nozzle 12 sealings are installed in the end face in the main storehouse 6 of fermentation from each tapping; In solid ferment process; Can in the main storehouse 6 of fermentation, replenish fresh moisture through shower nozzle 12, satisfying in the fermenting process needs to moisture, and in the demand of maintenance steady temperature; (can spray water and also can strengthen ventilation) just sprays cold water in the main storehouse 6 of fermentation when temperature surpasses preset temperature in the main storehouse 6 of fermentation, to till preset temperature.Top in the main storehouse 6 of fermentation, along with fermentation main storehouse 6 parallel directions open diameter be the circular hole of ф 20 as venting hole 11, venting hole 11 is on the direction parallel with fermentation cabin of edge, every interval 40cm opens a hole at present embodiment.Because the purpose of ventilating pit 11 is set is that the gas that produces in the fermenting process (methyl alcohol, hydrogen sulfide, volatile organic matter amine compound, lipid acid, keto-aldehyde phenol etc.) is got rid of timely; So the number of its ventilating pit 11 and diameter are looked the air flow in long-width ratio, hopper height and the fermenting process of fermentation cabin and decided, those skilled in the art can be implemented.At the outer cover straw mattress of ventilating pit 11, adding mass concentration in the straw mattress is 0.1% lime aqueous solution, promptly in 100 gram water, adds 0.1 gram calcium hydroxide.And,, can be used as support material raw material compost of the present invention and use through the discarded straw mattress that repeatedly ferments and use.Make a waterways 15 in 6 bottoms, the main storehouse of the fermentation of box-type shell, and WATER REPELLENT also to be passed through in waterways 15; The effect in waterways 15 is transudates of accepting fermented product.At least one heating tube that is used to add hot water, " immersion heater " for example bought on the market are installed in the waterways.On the edge in waterways 15, set up 2 guide rails 10; At guide rail 10 the hopper chassis 14 of matching with it is installed; The conventional guide rail combining method that the guide rail combination on guide rail 10 and hopper chassis 14 can adopt, guide rail 14 can move freely along guide rail 10 under the effect of external force.Lay hopper 13 on the hopper chassis 14, present embodiment is to make hopper 13 with iron bar.Move on guide rail 10 through locomotive such as tractor-drawn on hopper chassis 14, and these all are that those skilled in the art can be implemented.With locomotive hopper chassis 14 and hopper 13 are hauled out; The fermentation materials that will pass through behind the material mixer 5 unloads in the material bin 13; Postback ferment master storehouse with locomotive traction hopper chassis 14 and hopper 13 then, the required envrionment conditions of corresponding fermentation is controlled according to the instruction of outer computer treatment system in the main storehouse of fermenting.Hold 13,10 hoppers of 10 hoppers 13 charging and discharging in turn in the main storehouse 6 of the fermentation of present embodiment, constitute the operate continuously in the main storehouse 6 of fermentation.
The antiseepage processing is done in waterways 15 among other the embodiment; For example coat waterproof paint, can sewage be gone out with clear water, the some electric heating tubes that can add hot water are also arranged in both sides in the waterways; For example 2,3,5 or 8; 2 electric heating tubes that laterally arrange in the both sides, waterways in the present embodiment, these 2 electric heating tubes are electrically connected with the main storehouse of fermentation outer computer treatment system, when temperature is lower than preset temp in the main storehouse 6 of fermenting; Outer computer control processing system control electric heating tube heats, till reaching preset temp.
In the main storehouse of fermentation, can bury the probe of relevant fermenting process data gathering underground; In time obtain the fermentation parameter data; For example temp probe, moisture probe, oxygen probe, carbonic acid gas probe and ammonia are popped one's head in; All probes all are the conventional components of buying on the market, and this temp probe, moisture probe, oxygen probe, carbonic acid gas probe and ammonia probe are electrically connected with the outer computer treatment system respectively, and computer processing system in time obtains the data in the fermented manure through these probes; And the parameter that the main storehouse of fermenting sets regulated and control, this is that those skilled in the art can be implemented.
In the main storehouse 6 of fermentation, can also arrange breather line 16 along the parallel direction of fermentation cabin in the both sides of guide rail, present embodiment is provided with 2, decides according to the volume in the main storehouse 6 of fermentation to be provided with several, and this is that those skilled in the art can be implemented.Breather line 16 is connected with gas blower, carries out air blast by gas blower to breather line 16, to strengthen heat exchange and mass transfer; And when temperature raises in the main storehouse of fermentation, can reach and reduce temperature in the main storehouse of fermentation, till constant temperature through in main storehouse, feeding freezing air.
The door at two ends in main storehouse 6 of fermenting install respectively one have a heat insulation function soft curtain, its material can be the door curtain that grass, cloth, plastic cloth etc. are made.
Curing of compost storehouse 7 employing pond shape moulding in the present embodiment, curing of compost storehouse 7 is long 5m * wide 5m * high 5m.Revolution belt condensation tablets press is adopted in compost moulding storehouse 8.The high moisture material drying machine is adopted in product drying storehouse 9.Back subsystem is made up of through the travelling belt connection curing of compost storehouse 7, compost moulding storehouse 8 and product drying storehouse 9; The material that fermentation hopper 13 in the main storehouse 6 of fermenting draws off gets into curing of compost storehouse 7; Material behind curing of compost storehouse 7 gets into compost moulding storehouse 8 and carries out the formed product operation; The material that comes out from compost moulding storehouse 8 gets into product drying storehouse 9 as primary products, gets into storage and logistics system through dried product.
Embodiment 2
But adopt the solid state fermentation composting device of the operate continuously of embodiment 1 foundation; According to fermented manure technology of the present invention food garbage being carried out fermented manure handles; Concrete steps are (Fig. 1 in fact also is a process flow sheet of the present invention, carries out according to Fig. 1 technical process) as follows: with water cut is that 80% food garbage is sent into first Magnet Separater 1, and the food garbage of removing behind the metal is sent into the first screening separator 2; Particle diameter passes through sifter less than the food garbage of 5cm, gets into first material metering device 3; Particle diameter can not be through the first screening separator 2 greater than the food garbage of 5cm; Big particle diameter food garbage gets into the first material pulverizer 4; Through returning the first screening separator 2 after pulverizing, ultimate food rubbish can all get into first material metering device 3 through the first screening separator, 2 backs.With the support material corn straw of water cut 10% send into Magnet Separater 1 '; Remove support material corn straw behind the metal send into the second screening separator 2 '; Particle diameter passes through sifter less than the support material corn straw of 5cm, the entering second support material corn straw gauger 3 '; Particle diameter greater than the support material corn straw of 5cm can not through the second screening separator 2 '; The support material corn straw of big particle diameter get into the second material pulverizer 4 '; Through return after pulverizing the second screening separator 2 '; The final material corn straw that supports can all sieve separator through second, get into second material metering device 3 '.With the food garbage that will handle with support the ratio of material with 4: 3 get into material mixer 5 through the food garbage after mixing with support the material corn straw and be discharged in the hopper 13 that goes out with locomotive traction; When material to be mixed is encased in apart from hopper upper limb 20cm; Hopper 13 tractions are got into the main storehouse 6 of fermentation; After 10 hoppers are all adorned punishment in advance, improve the temperature in the main storehouse 6 of fermentation through heating tube, monitoring is like environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, oxygen, carbonic acid gas, ammonias simultaneously; The temperature of regulating fermentation through adjusting blower fan, shower nozzle 12 and heating tube is 30-40 ℃; Humidity is 50-100%, carries out the solid state fermentation compost, and the outside surface that covers venting hole with the straw mattress that is soaked with saturated limewater solution (about 0.17% mass ratio) is to absorb the odor sources such as hydrogen sulfide that discharge in the fermenting process.Because it is a plurality of that the fermentation hopper has, the time sequence that hopper 13 gets into the main storehouse of fermentation is different, therefore after hopper 13 dischargings that get at first, returns material mixer 5 discharge zones and feeds, and realizes successive charging and discharging operation.
When C/N ratio thinks that fermenting process accomplishes near 20 the time.Compost material is discharged into curing of compost storehouse 7 in hopper 13,, measures its C/N ratio and maintain an equal level with envrionment temperature, just can get into compost moulding storehouse 8 and product drying storehouse 9 in 18 temperature stable and compost material through overcuring.
Embodiment 3
But adopt the solid-state composting device of the operate continuously of embodiment 1 foundation, cow dung and corn stalk are carried out the hybrid composting experiment.With moisture content is that 60% cow dung is sent into Magnet Separater 1, and the cow dung of removing behind the metal is sent into the first screening separator 2, and particle diameter through sifter, gets into first material metering device 3 less than the cow dung of 5cm; Particle diameter can not be through the first screening separator 2 greater than the material of 5cm, and big particle diameter cow dung gets into the first material pulverizer 4, and through returning the first screening separator 2 after pulverizing, final cow dung can get into first material metering device 3 all through the first screening separator 2.With moisture content be 10% support material corn stalk send into Magnet Separater 1 '; Remove support material corn stalk behind the metal send into the second screening separator 2 '; Particle diameter passes through sifter less than the support material corn stalk of 5cm, the entering second support material corn stalk material metering device 3 '; Particle diameter greater than the support material corn stalk of 5cm can not through the second screening separator device 2 '; The support material corn stalk of big particle diameter get into the second material pulverizer 4 '; Through pulverizing the back corn stalk return the second screening separator 2 '; The final material corn stalk that supports can all be sieved separator through second, get into second material metering device 3 '.After cow dung and corn stalk mix according to 1: 0.15 mass ratio through material mixer 5, from material mixer 5 is discharged into the hopper 13 that goes out with locomotive traction, when material to be mixed is encased in apart from hopper upper limb 20cm; Hopper 13 tractions are got into the main storehouse 6 of fermentation; After hopper is all adorned the mix material, improve the temperature in the main storehouse 6 of fermentation through heating tube, monitoring is like environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, oxygen, carbonic acid gas, ammonias simultaneously; Reach the top condition of solid state fermentation through adjusting blower fan, shower nozzle 12; Carry out compost and cultivate, the temperature in the main storehouse of fermentation is controlled between 30-40 ℃, humidity is controlled between the 50%-100%.Because it is a plurality of that hopper 13 has, the time sequence that hopper 13 gets into the main storehouse of fermentation is different, therefore after hopper 13 dischargings that get at first, returns material mixer 5 discharge zone chargings, and then realizes the continuous operation of compost in the main storehouse 6 of fermentation.When C/N ratio drops near 20 the time, stop fermentation operation, material is discharged into curing of compost storehouse 7 from hopper 13; After overcuring; C/N ratio is stabilized in about 18, and the temperature of compost material is fair with envrionment temperature, just can get into compost moulding storehouse 8 and product drying storehouse 9.
Embodiment 4:
But adopt the solid-state composting device of the operate continuously of embodiment 1 foundation, domestic waste is carried out the hybrid composting experiment.With moisture content is that 55% domestic refuse is sent into first Magnet Separater 1, and the domestic refuse of removing behind the metal is sent into the first screening separator 2, and particle diameter through sifter, gets into first material metering device 3 less than the domestic refuse of 5cm; Particle diameter can not be through the first screening separator 2 greater than the domestic refuse of 5cm; Big particle diameter domestic refuse gets into the first material pulverizer 4; Through returning the first screening separator 2 after pulverizing, final domestic refuse can get into first material metering device 3 all through the first screening separator 2.With moisture content be 10% support material corn stalk send into second Magnet Separater 1 '; Remove support material corn stalk behind the metal send into the second screening separator 2 '; Particle diameter passes through sifter less than the support material corn stalk of 5cm, the entering second support material corn stalk material metering device 3 '; Particle diameter greater than the support material corn stalk of 5cm can not through the second screening separator device 2 '; The support material corn stalk of big particle diameter get into the second material pulverizer 4 '; Through pulverizing the back corn stalk return the second screening separator 2 '; The final material corn stalk that supports can all be sieved separator through second, get into second material metering device 3 '.After domestic refuse and corn stalk mix according to 1: 0.15 mass ratio through material mixer 5, from material mixer 5 is discharged into the hopper 13 that goes out with locomotive traction, when material to be mixed is encased in apart from hopper upper limb 20cm; Hopper 13 tractions are got into the main storehouse 6 of fermentation; After hopper is all adorned the mix material, improve the temperature in the main storehouse 6 of fermentation through heating tube, monitoring is like environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, oxygen, carbonic acid gas, ammonias simultaneously; Reach the top condition of solid state fermentation through adjusting blower fan, shower nozzle 12; Carry out compost and cultivate, the temperature in the main storehouse of fermentation is controlled between 30-40 ℃, humidity is controlled between the 50%-100%.Because it is a plurality of that hopper 13 has, the time sequence that hopper 13 gets into the main storehouse of fermentation is different, therefore after hopper 13 dischargings that get at first, returns material mixer 5 discharge zone chargings, and then realizes the continuous operation of compost in the main storehouse 6 of fermentation.When C/N ratio drops near 20 the time, stop fermentation operation, material is discharged into curing of compost storehouse 7 from hopper 13; After overcuring; C/N ratio is stabilized in about 15, and the temperature of compost material is fair with envrionment temperature, just can get into compost moulding storehouse 8 and product drying storehouse 9.
Claims (8)
1. but the solid state fermentation composting device of an operate continuously; Comprise the main storehouse of fermentation, preceding subsystem, back subsystem and outer computer treatment system; Wherein, described preceding subsystem, the main storehouse of described fermentation and described back subsystem are connected through travelling belt; It is characterized in that: the main storehouse of described fermentation (6) main body adopts brick mix structure to be built into box-type shell, and described box-type shell two ends are respectively equipped with door, has the soft curtain of heat insulation function in described door mouth installation one; One row is installed at described box-type shell top is used for the shower nozzle (12) that in the main storehouse of fermentation (6), keeps the skin wet; And on this box-type shell end face, establish one and discharge pore (11); Arrange venting hole (11) outside surface described one and cover straw mattress, add the deodorizing chemical agent in the described straw mattress; And bottom this box-type shell, have the waterways (15) that is used to accept the fermented product transudate; Set up guide rail (10) on top, described waterways (15); Go up installation at least 2 movable hopper chassis (14) at described guide rail (10), lay a hopper (13) on the described hopper chassis (14); Move on guide rail through locomotive traction on this hopper chassis (14); In the main storehouse of fermentation (6), bury the probe that obtains the fermentation parameter data underground, described probe is electrically connected with described outer computer treatment system; In the main storehouse of described fermentation (6), the direction parallel along the both sides of guide rail (10) arranged breather line, is connected with breather line (16) by a gas blower, carries out air blast and strengthens gaseous interchange and mass transfer;
Described back subsystem is communicated with formation with product drying storehouse (9) through travelling belt by curing of compost storehouse (7), compost moulding storehouse (8).
2. but press the solid state fermentation composting device of the described operate continuously of claim 1; It is characterized in that described preceding subsystem comprises: one is used for first Magnet Separater (1), the first screening separator (2), first material metering device (3), the first material pulverizer (4) and the material mixer (5) of fermentation raw material; Described first Magnet Separater (1) is connected through travelling belt with the described first screening separator (2); The described first screening separator (2) is connected through travelling belt with the described first material pulverizer (4); The bottom of the described first material pulverizer (4) is sieved separator (2) and is connected through travelling belt with described first, and the bottom of the described first screening separator (2) is connected through travelling belt with described first material metering device (3); Also comprise one be used to support the material raw material second Magnet Separater (1 ') and second sieve separator (2 ') and be connected through travelling belt; The described second screening separator (2 ') is connected through travelling belt with the second material pulverizer (4 '), and the described second screening separator (2 ') is connected through travelling belt with second material metering device (3 '); Described first material metering device (3) and described second material metering device (3 ') are communicated with material mixer (5) through a merge area; Described material mixer (5) is with fermentation raw material and support material thorough mixing; Mixed material is directly changed in the hopper (13) by the discharge opening of material mixer (5), and hopper (13) draws in the main storehouse of fermentation (6) through van.
3. but by the solid state fermentation composting device of claim 1 or 2 described operate continuouslys, it is characterized in that described deodorizing chemical agent is that mass concentration is the lime aqueous solution of 0.1%-0.17%.
4. but press the solid state fermentation composting device of the described operate continuously of claim 1; It is characterized in that; Also comprise at least 2 electric heating tubes, described electric heating tube is arranged in the waterways (15), and this electric heating tube is electrically connected with the outer computer treatment system in the main storehouse of fermentation.
5. but by the solid state fermentation composting device of the described operate continuously of claim 1, it is characterized in that the described probe that obtains the fermentation parameter data comprises: temp probe, moisture probe, oxygen probe, carbonic acid gas probe or ammonia probe.
6. but by the solid state fermentation composting device of the described operate continuously of claim 1, it is characterized in that the interval 20cm-200cm between the described shower nozzle (12).
7. but by the solid state fermentation composting device of the described operate continuously of claim 1, it is characterized in that described locomotive is tractor-drawn.
8. but an application rights requires the solid state fermentation composting device of 1 described operate continuously to carry out the technology of fermented manure, may further comprise the steps:
1) get the raw materials ready: the fermentation raw material that will measure moisture is sent into first Magnet Separater (1); Raw material through magnetic separation separates after removing metal is sent into the first screening separator (2); Particle diameter sieves separator (2) less than the material of 5cm through first, gets into first material metering device (3); Particle diameter can not be through the first screening separator (2) greater than the material of 5cm; Big particle diameter material gets into the first material pulverizer (4); Through returning the first screening separator (2) after pulverizing again; Final material can get into first material metering device (3) all through the first screening separator (2);
The support material raw material of measuring moisture is sent into second Magnet Separater (1 '); Support material raw material through magnetic separation separates after removing metal is sent into the second screening separator (2 '); Support the material raw material through sifter, get into and support material raw material second gauger (3 '); Particle diameter can not be through the second screening separator (2 ') greater than the support material raw material of 5cm; The support material raw material of big particle diameter gets into the second material pulverizer (4 '); Through returning the second screening separator (2 ') after pulverizing; The final material raw material that supports can get into second material metering device (3 ') all through the second screening separator; Send in the material mixer (5) through travelling belt according to the ratio of metering with the support material with the fermentation raw material of second material metering device (3 ') from first material metering device (3),, accomplish getting the raw materials ready before fermenting through mixing fully;
2) fermentation: expect to unload in the material bin (13) with supporting through step 1) material mixer (5) raw materials mixed; With locomotive hopper chassis (14) and hopper (13) traction are postbacked ferment master storehouse (6), because a plurality of hoppers chassis (14) and hopper (13) are arranged, so need repeat repeatedly, to accomplish the charging of hopper (13), the charging room that writes down adjacent two hoppers is separated; The envrionment conditions in the control main storehouse of fermentation (6): temperature is 30-40 ℃; Humidity is 50-100%, the wind that works of going forward side by side; After fermentation in 48-72 hour, detect the C/N ratio of fermentation raw material, fermenting process is accomplished when reaching the C/N ratio of compost;
3) material is discharged in the curing of compost storehouse (7) from hopper (13) after the fermentation that slaking: with step 2) obtains, and irregularly detects the C/N ratio of material, when the C/N ratio of treating material finally is stabilized in 15-20; Accomplish curing of compost; With travelling belt material is sent in the compost moulding storehouse (8), carried out forming operation, the material after the moulding is sent in the product drying storehouse (9); Be lower than 10% through dried material moisture, the material that will reach moisture requirement is sent into storage or logistics system.
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| CN102757269A (en) * | 2012-07-19 | 2012-10-31 | 北京世纪国瑞环境工程技术有限公司 | Method for carrying out recycling treatment on organic wastes |
| CN103102193A (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2013-05-15 | 上海交通大学 | Movable microbial fermentation system based on farmland straw wastes |
| CN104230400B (en) | 2014-09-16 | 2016-09-14 | 中国环境科学研究院 | A kind of kitchen castoff quick resource processing equipment |
| CN104402552A (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2015-03-11 | 东北农业大学 | Continuous solid fermentation device |
| CN106278487A (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2017-01-04 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | A kind of automatic controlling device utilizing afforestation castoff compost organic and inorganic fertilizer and method |
| CN109403664A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-03-01 | 闫占红 | A kind of ecological environment protection toilet installation for fermenting |
| CN109553259B (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2021-10-08 | 农业部规划设计研究院 | Manure composting facility suitable for medium and small scale farms |
| CN111592390A (en) * | 2019-02-19 | 2020-08-28 | 河南省田金生物科技有限公司 | Semi-continuous fermentation method of cow dung compost |
| CN110407616A (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2019-11-05 | 浙江大学 | The perishable rubbish glass sunlight house composting facilities in rural area and its compost method |
| CN110261572A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-09-20 | 江苏思威博生物科技有限公司 | A kind of molecular film covering compost fermentation intelligent detection device and its application method |
| CN112209760A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-01-12 | 河南逸凡蔚岚生物科技有限公司 | Method and structure for coating film to adjust air holes |
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| JP3834581B2 (en) * | 1996-10-28 | 2006-10-18 | 彌兵衛 黒沼 | Organic matter processing equipment |
| JPH11314990A (en) * | 1998-05-07 | 1999-11-16 | Daifuku Co Ltd | Compost production apparatus |
| JP2004330093A (en) * | 2003-05-08 | 2004-11-25 | Mutsuro Bunto | Recycled soil manufacturing apparatus |
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| CN1227145A (en) * | 1998-02-24 | 1999-09-01 | 罗伯特·A·克鲁斯 | Waste materials recycling method and apparatus |
| DE10113207A1 (en) * | 2000-03-24 | 2001-10-11 | Porr Umwelttechnik Gmbh Wien | Aerobic fermentation of biological waste uses air feeds into the base of a container of an assembly with gas take-off at a level over them to give a rapid degrading action with low energy use to produce a product for soil cultivation |
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