JPH11314990A - Compost production apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To suppress malodors and to enable fermentation in a short period of time without requiring a wide yard by penetrating a fermentation bacterium soln. into accepted treating materials, agitating and mixing these materials with a moisture control material, bagging the mixture to a hermetic state, stacking the bags and subjecting the materials to a fermentation treatment. SOLUTION: The crude refuse carried into the apparatus is stored in a casing 6a of a settling tank 6 and the fermentation bacterium soln. is sprayed via water spraying nozzles 8 and is penetrated into the crude refuse. The treating materials subjected to a primary treatment are removed of the excess moisture in a hopper device 16 and are crushed to a mince form by a chopper device 18. The excess moisture is removed therefrom by a vibration conveyor 20 of a draining device 19. The minced treating materials are then received in an agitating device 21 by an agitating and fermenting device 3 and are agitated together with the moisture control material (straw, etc.), subjected to a dehydration treatment in a moisture control material supplying device 22, by which air (oxygen) is suitably taken in. The treating materials fermented in the agitating and fermenting device 21 are received in a bagging and storing device 4 and are hermetically bagged by a bagging device 24. The bags are stacked in a stacking and fermenting chamber to cause anaerobic fermentation.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a technique for composting agricultural, forestry and livestock wastes such as feces of livestock, and garbage generated in the home and food industries, and relates to a compost manufacturing apparatus.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A composting process includes an aerobic process and an anaerobic process. Since the anaerobic process has a slow reaction rate and often emits an odor, an aerobic process is usually performed. There are a wide variety of aerobic fermenters, such as the Nozumi type, the rotary kiln type, and so on.In each fermenter, soil microorganisms ferment sugars and starches to produce amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. ing.

[0003]

In the above-described anaerobic process, there is a problem with an odor, and a large amount of treatment cannot be performed at one time because the reactants are divided into small amounts and charged.
There was a problem that the process management became complicated. In the aerobic process, in the main fermentation for 5 to 15 days, the easily decomposable organic matter in the raw material is stabilized, and then the compost that has finished the main fermentation is piled up for post-fermentation in January to March. A large yard with a large area was needed to pile the compost and post-ferment it while performing the turning work.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems. When composting agriculture, forestry and livestock wastes, garbage and the like, a large amount of treatment can be efficiently performed at a time by a microbial method without generating a bad odor. An object of the present invention is to provide a compost production apparatus that does not require any operation and does not require a large yard for post-fermentation.

[0005]

Means for Solving the Problems To solve the above-mentioned problems, a compost manufacturing apparatus of the present invention comprises a primary treatment apparatus for infiltrating a fermentation bacterium solution into a received processed product, a primary-processed processed product, and moisture control. It comprises a stirring / fermentation apparatus for stirring and mixing the materials to perform fermentation, and a bagging / storage means for stacking and treating the processed products in a sealed state and performing fermentation.

[0006] With the above configuration, in the primary treatment apparatus, the fermentation bacterium solution widely and deeply penetrates into the processed material such as garbage deposited due to its liquidity, and the fermentation bacterium is uniformly diffused into the processed material together with the fermentation bacterium solution. . The fermentation bacteria that have permeated into the processed product rapidly grow and ferment using the saccharides in the fermentation bacteria solution as an initial nutrient source. Thereby, a large amount of processed material is fermented at once and in a short period of time, and its bad smell is suppressed.

[0007] In the stirring / fermentation apparatus, the treated product prepared by stirring and mixing with the water conditioner to adjust the environmental conditions for fermentation is fermented by the fermenting bacteria that have grown. In the bagging / storage means, the processed product is bagged in a hermetically sealed state, and is stacked in the bagged state. In this state, the processed material is matured by anaerobic fermentation without so-called reversal operation, and becomes compostable with an increase in maturity. Therefore, a vast yard is not required for aging and turning back.

In addition, before being put into the stirring / fermenting apparatus, the primary-treated product is minced by a chopper device, and the treated product is drained by a draining device, thereby facilitating moisture adjustment and promoting fermentation of the treated product. Is done.

Further, in the primary treatment apparatus, a large amount of the processed material can be received and processed at a time by receiving the processed material in a plurality of sedimentation tanks and spraying the fermentation bacteria solution on the processed material in the sedimentation tank. Thereafter, the treated material in each sedimentation tank is individually drained and transported by the transport device, so that continuous processing can be performed in the subsequent processing steps.

In the stirring / fermenting apparatus, the water content of the fermented material and the air permeability are improved by stirring the processed material and the moisture adjusting material to adjust the water content of the processed material and appropriately taking in air (oxygen). Improves and fermentation proceeds. At this time, by previously dehydrating the water conditioning material, the amount of the water conditioning material to be added can be suppressed, and fermentation can be promoted by reducing the amount of the water conditioning material that is not originally required for compost,
Make a good source of compost.

In the bagging / storing means, the processed product sealed in a bag is easily handled by itself, and is matured by stacking it on a pallet and storing it in a three-dimensional area. Therefore, since the fermentation method does not perform the so-called reversing operation, a vast yard is not required, and the aging period can be accurately managed. In addition, by increasing the temperature of the fermented product due to the heat of reaction that occurs with aging, by moving the processed product in bag or pallet units in the three-dimensional area,
By adjusting the temperature environment around the processed product, heat radiation can be promoted and the temperature of the fermented product can be maintained at an appropriate value.

[0012]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1 and 2, a compost manufacturing apparatus 1 is for composting a processed material such as garbage.
It is roughly composed of three components, a primary processing device 2,
It has a stirring / fermenting device 3 and a bagging / storage means 4, and further includes a mincing treatment device 5 as one component.

The primary treatment apparatus 2 is provided with a plurality of sedimentation tanks 6 for storing garbage carried in from outside by a transporting vehicle or the like, and each of the sedimentation tanks 6 has a plurality of casings for storing a unit amount of garbage. 6a is arranged. A transfer device 7 such as a hoist crane for transferring the processed material in units of the casing 6a is provided above the settling tank 6. Casing 6
a has a water permeability function, and is formed of a wire mesh material or the like;
When it is lifted up by the transporting device 7, it has a structure capable of draining water, and an opening / closing door provided at the bottom serves as an inlet for the next process.

A plurality of watering nozzles 8 are provided above the sedimentation tank 6, and a fermentation germ solution supply system 9 and a fermentation germ solution circulation system 10 are connected to each watering nozzle 8. The fermentation bacterium solution supply system 9 is composed of a chemical injection pump 11, a chemical liquid supply pipe 12 connecting the watering nozzle 8, the fermentation germ solution tank 9 a, and the chemical injection pump 11. A chemical solution circulation path 13 composed of a groove or the like, a sedimentation tank 14 communicating with the medicine liquid circulation path 13, and a circulation pump 15 having a suction side communicating with the sedimentation cell 14 and a discharge side communicating with the chemical solution supply pipe 12. The fermentation bacteria solution to be sprayed contains fermentation bacteria and sugars that promote fermentation (for example, molasses purified from sugarcane or the like). The hopper device 16 receives the processed material supplied from the casing 7, removes excess water from the processed material, and transports the processed product to the next process by the transport conveyor 17.

The mincing apparatus 5 includes a chopper device 18 which receives the primary-processed processed product from the conveyor 17 and crushes the minced product, and a draining device 19 which drains the minced processed product discharged from the chopper device 18. The draining device 19 removes excess water from the processed material by the vibrating conveyor 20 having a water-permeable conveying surface, and conveys the processed material to the next step. As the draining device 19, it is also possible to use a press type or a centrifugal dewatering type.

The stirring / fermenting device 3 receives the minced processed material from the vibration conveyor 20, stirs the minced material with the moisture adjusting material, and takes in air (oxygen) appropriately, and dewaters the moisture adjusting material. And a moisture adjusting material supply device 22 for supplying to the stirring device 21. The stirring device 21 forms a closed space as a basic structure, adjusts the amount of air (oxygen) inside by opening and closing a lid on the ceiling, and the like, and the moisture adjusting material supply device 22 includes rice straw, chaff, The moisture adjusting material such as sawdust is dried using warm air or the like as a heat source, and the moisture of the moisture adjusting material is dehydrated to increase the water absorption. As the moisture adjusting material, sawdust used as a medium in mushroom cultivation can be used.

In this stirring / fermenting apparatus 3, in order to make nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potash, minerals and the like, which are active ingredients as fertilizers, well-balanced, water content is adjusted for the purpose of compensating for the shortage in the processed material. In addition to the material, rice bran, chicken dung, okara, and the like are supplied as appropriate.

The bagging / storage device 4 is provided with a bagging device 24 for receiving the processed product fermented in the stirring / fermenting device 3 from the conveyor 23 and bagging it in a sealed state. Fermentation room 25
Reference numeral 5 designates a step of stacking the bagged processed products on a pallet, storing the processed products in a three-dimensional area, and ripening them. The first conveyor device 26 transports the bagged products from the bagging process, and a palletizer for palletizing the bags 27. 28 and a three-dimensional automatic warehouse 29 for storing and aging bags 27 in pallet units.

It is desirable that the bag in which the processed material is packed in a sealed manner has a check valve function capable of blocking the inflow of air from the outside and discharging gas generated inside the bag. As a simple method, small vents (pinholes) are provided to degas the fermentation. In addition, as the stacking / storage means, there is a method of stacking bags on a pallet in units of bags and stacking or stacking them in units of pallets using a forklift or the like, or a method of stacking in a tent structure using a moving rack or other device.・ A storage method is also conceivable.

The operation of the above configuration will be described below. Processed materials such as garbage that are carried in from outside by a transport vehicle or the like are received in the primary treatment device 2, thrown into a casing 7 arranged in a sedimentation tank 6, and immersed in the tank. At this time, the residual solution of the fermentation bacterium is retained in the tank by the previous treatment in a pool form, and this residual solution is sufficient for the fermentation bacterium to grow, so that it is efficient without spraying the fermentation bacterium solution again. The fermentation takes place. At the beginning of the operation or when it is necessary to supplement the fermentation bacterium solution, the fermentation bacterium solution in the fermentation bacterium solution tank 9a supplied through the fermentation germ solution supply system 9 is sprinkled from the watering nozzle 8 onto the processed material deposited in the casing 7. I do.

The fermentation bacterium solution permeates widely and deeply into the processed material such as garbage deposited due to its liquidity, and the fermentation bacterium is uniformly diffused into the processed material together with the fermentation bacterium solution. Therefore, a device such as a mechanical stirrer is not required. The fermentation bacteria that have permeated into the processed product rapidly grow and ferment using the saccharides in the fermentation bacteria solution as an initial nutrient source. For this reason, a large amount of processed materials can be fermented at once and in a short period of time, and the bad smell can be suppressed. Watering of the fermentation bacteria solution can also be performed by the fermentation bacteria solution circulation system 10.

The processed material subjected to the primary treatment is lifted by the transport device 7 to pull up the casing 6a made of the wire mesh material, dripped and drained the fermentation solution, transported to the hopper device 16 in units of the casing 6a, and further surplus by the hopper device 16. After removing the excessive moisture, it is supplied to the chopper device 18 by the conveyor 17.

The primary processed material crushed in a mince shape in the chopper device 18 is further removed of excess water while being conveyed to the stirring device 21 by the vibrating conveyor 20 of the draining device 19. Mincing and draining of the treated product facilitates water adjustment, and promotes fermentation of the treated product. The water separated in the chopper device 18 and the draining device 19 flows through the chemical liquid circulation path 13 into the settling tank 14.

In the agitation / fermentation apparatus 3, the treated material whose water is adjusted by stirring and mixing with a water adjusting material, the air (oxygen) is taken in, and the environmental conditions for the fermentation are adjusted, is subjected to fermentation by the fermenting bacteria grown. proceed. At this time,
By dehydrating the water conditioning material in advance, the amount of the water conditioning material to be added can be suppressed, and fermentation can be promoted by reducing the amount of the water conditioning material that is not originally required for fermentation. This water conditioning material is difficult to ferment, causes a slow fermentation rate, and reduces the medicinal effect of the fertilizer.

The stirring and fermenting apparatus 3 is provided with a water component for the purpose of compensating for the shortage of the processed material in order to balance nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potash, minerals and the like, which are active ingredients as fertilizers. In addition to the adjusting material, rice bran, chicken dung, okara, and the like are supplied as appropriate.

The processed material supplied from the agitating device 21 to the bag filling device 24 by the transport conveyor 23 is packed into individual bags 27 in a hermetically sealed manner, and is stacked on a pallet by the palletizer 28 through the first conveyor device 26. The pallets are stored in the automatic three-dimensional warehouse 29, and are anaerobically fermented in a sealed state, and the fermented products are matured and composted as the maturity increases.

The bag 27 blocks the inflow of air from outside,
It is desirable that the gas or the like generated inside has a check valve function capable of discharging the gas. As a simple method, a small vent hole (pinhole) is provided to release the gas accompanying the fermentation. . In addition, since the bagged processed products are stacked on a pallet and stored in the three-dimensional automatic warehouse 29 for fermentation and aging, a so-called reversing operation during aging is not required, and a storage place for aging. A large yard is not required, and the aging period can be properly controlled. In addition, the temperature of the fermented material increases due to the reaction heat generated by the aging, and the bag inside the automatic three-dimensional warehouse 29 By moving the processed product in units or pallets, the temperature environment around the processed product can be adjusted, heat radiation can be promoted, and the temperature of the fermented product can be maintained at an appropriate value.

A method of stacking bags on a pallet in units of bags and stacking or stacking them in pallets by a forklift or the like, or a method of stacking and storing them in a tent structure with a moving rack or the like, A mature configuration is convenient for expansion.

[0029]

As described above, according to the present invention, a large amount of processed material can be fermented at once and in a short period of time, and its odor can be suppressed, and the fermentation of the processed material is promoted by mincing. By dehydrating the moisture adjusting material in advance, the amount of the added moisture adjusting material can be reduced to promote fermentation. In addition, by processing the products packed in a sealed bag on a pallet, storing, fermenting and aging,
It is easy to handle, properly manages the aging period, regulates the temperature environment around the processed material, promotes heat radiation, can maintain and maintain the temperature of the fermented product at an appropriate value, Since no work is required, a large yard is not required as a storage place for aging.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a compost manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an arrangement of the compost manufacturing apparatus.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Compost manufacturing apparatus 2 Primary processing apparatus 3 Stirring / fermentation apparatus 4 Bagging / storage means 5 Mincing processing apparatus 6 Sedimentation tank 6a Casing 8 Sprinkling nozzle 9 Fermentation bacteria solution supply system 10 Fermentation bacteria solution circulation system 16 Hopper device 18 Chopper device 19 Drainer 21 Stirrer 22 Moisture adjusting material supply device 25 Stacking / fermentation room

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A primary treatment device for infiltrating a fermentation bacterium solution into a received treated product, a stirring / fermenting device for performing fermentation by stirring and mixing the primary treated product and a moisture adjusting material, and a hermetically sealed product. A compost manufacturing apparatus comprising a bagging / storage means for stacking and fermenting in a bagged state. 2. A minced treatment device comprising a chopper device for mincing the treated material subjected to the primary treatment into a stirring / fermenting device and a draining device for draining the minced treated material. The compost manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein 3. A primary treatment device, comprising: a plurality of sedimentation tanks for receiving the processed material; a watering device for sprinkling the fermentation bacterium solution on the processed material in the sedimentation tank; a hopper device for receiving the processed material taken out of the sedimentation tank; 2. The compost production apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a transport device for draining and transporting the processed material from the sedimentation tank to the hopper device. 4. A stirring / fermenting device for stirring the first-treated material and the moisture adjusting material and taking in air (oxygen), and a dehydrating process of the moisture adjusting material and supplying water to the stirring device. The compost production apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an adjusting material supply device. 5. The bagging / storage means comprises a bagging device for bagging the fermented processed product in a sealed state, and stacking the bagged processed product on a pallet, storing the product in a three-dimensional area and anaerobically. The compost production apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a stacking / fermentation chamber for fermentation.