CN106699258B - Method for biologically preparing fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure - Google Patents
Method for biologically preparing fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure Download PDFInfo
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- CN106699258B CN106699258B CN201710045477.5A CN201710045477A CN106699258B CN 106699258 B CN106699258 B CN 106699258B CN 201710045477 A CN201710045477 A CN 201710045477A CN 106699258 B CN106699258 B CN 106699258B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/10—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/70—Controlling the treatment in response to process parameters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/993—Arrangements for measuring process parameters, e.g. temperature, pressure or humidity
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for biologically preparing a fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure; the method comprises the steps of conveying dung and dirt (excrement) generated in a livestock and poultry breeding area into a dung and dirt storage pool, smashing the dung and dirt into thin paste by a wind power jet flow stirrer, conveying the dung and dirt into a biochemical hydrolysis pool through a water outlet on a partition wall of the dung and dirt storage pool and the biochemical hydrolysis pool for biochemical pretreatment, conveying the dung and dirt into a movable dung and dirt sprayer through a pipeline by a submersible dirt pump, uniformly spraying the dung and dirt onto crushed crop straws in a livestock and poultry dung and dirt biological fertilizer making device, uniformly turning and fermenting the dung and dirt, a microbial inoculum and the crushed crop straws along a guide rail by a liftable movable turning and throwing machine arranged above the livestock and poultry dung and dirt biological fertilizer making device to form a biological organic fertilizer, periodically returning percolate generated in the fermentation process to the biochemical hydrolysis pool through a percolate drain pipe for reuse, and conveying a finished fertilizer out from a feed inlet and outlet; the method is novel, unique, scientific and reasonable, has rich raw materials, easy production and good effect, realizes energy conservation and environmental protection, and has huge economic and social benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fertilizer, in particular to a method for biologically preparing a fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure (excrement) and crop straws. The livestock and poultry manure refers to feces and flushing sewage generated by livestock and poultry breeding.
Background
According to the data at the end of the year of the national statistical bureau 2015, the annual pig stock quantity in China is about 7 hundred million, each pig generates about 15kg of fecal sewage every day, the whole country generates about 1050 million tons every day, and the whole year generates about 38 million tons. According to the data at the end of the year 2015 of the national statistical institute, the livestock and poultry excretion detected shows that the annual pig stock quantity in China is about 7 hundred million, each pig produces about 15kg of excrement every day, the country produces about 1050 million tons every day, and the whole year produces about 38 million tons. The content of ammonia nitrogen in the excrement and urine of the livestock and poultry is detected to be 800 mg/kg-1200 mg/kg (counted by N), and the content of phosphorus is detected to be 90 mg/kg-120 mg/kg (counted by P); COD (chemical oxygen demand) in the sewage discharged from the colony house is as high as about 5000mg/L, the content of ammonia nitrogen is 100 mg/L-10 mg/L, the content of phosphorus is more than 7mg/L, and simultaneously, a large amount of antibiotic drug residues, heavy metals, germs, viruses and the like are detected. These pollutants are not treated reasonably and effectively, resulting in peripheral bad smell, black and odorous river channels, and odor change of underground water, and causing serious pollution to air, water and land. After the polluted grains and vegetables enter the human body through eating, the health of the human body is harmed. Governments around 60% of treatment and utilization rate all year around despite adopting different measures and modes for treatment, and at least more than 15 hundred million of excrement is not properly treated and utilized. Therefore, it is necessary to research a novel method for preparing the biological fertilizer from the livestock and poultry manure, which has the advantages of high efficiency, energy conservation, environmental protection, low investment, low operating cost, simple operation and reproducible reproduction. The ammonia nitrogen content in the excrement and the urine is 800 mg/kg-1200 mg/kg (counted by N), and the phosphorus content is 90 mg/kg-120 mg/kg (counted by P); COD (chemical oxygen demand) in the sewage discharged from the colony house is as high as about 5000mg/L, the content of ammonia nitrogen is 100 mg/L-10 mg/L, the content of phosphorus is more than 7mg/L, and simultaneously, a large amount of antibiotic drug residues, heavy metals, germs, viruses and the like are detected. These pollutants are not treated reasonably and effectively, resulting in peripheral bad smell, black and odorous river channels, and odor change of underground water, and causing serious pollution to air, water and land. After the polluted grains and vegetables enter the human body through eating, the health of the human body is harmed. Although governments in various regions adopt different measures and modes for disposal, the annual treatment and utilization rate is about 60 percent, and at least more than 15 hundred million tons of excrement are not properly disposed and utilized, on the other hand, China is a big agricultural country and has abundant crop straws such as corn, wheat, rice straws and the like, and the straws are partially used as feed, are incinerated or are directly returned to the field, so that the waste of resources is caused and the environment is polluted.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above situation, the present invention aims to provide a method for producing biological fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure, which can effectively solve the problems of resource waste and environmental pollution by using crop straws and livestock and poultry manure to produce fertilizer.
The technical scheme includes that excrement generated in a livestock and poultry breeding area is sent into an excrement storage tank through an excrement sewage discharge pipeline or a groove, the excrement is smashed into thin paste by a wind power jet flow stirrer and then sent into a biochemical hydrolysis tank through a water gap on a partition wall of the excrement storage tank and the biochemical hydrolysis tank for biochemical pretreatment, large particles are hydrolyzed into small particles and large molecules, the excrement is sent into a movable excrement sprayer through a pipeline by a submersible sewage pump and uniformly sprayed onto crushed plant straws in a livestock and poultry excrement biological fertilizer making device, a high-activity compound microbial agent is uniformly sprayed onto the crushed plant straws, a liftable movable turner arranged above the livestock and poultry excrement biological fertilizer making device uniformly turns over and throws the excrement, the air and the crushed plant straws along a guide rail for mixed fermentation to form a biological organic fertilizer, and the fermentation process is carried out for 4 hours and 1 time, every 30 minutes, the leachate generated in the fermentation process is periodically returned to the biochemical hydrolysis tank through a leachate drain pipe for reuse, and the finished fertilizer is discharged from the feed inlet and the discharge outlet.
The method is novel, unique, scientific and reasonable, has rich raw materials, easy production, low cost and good effect, can effectively utilize crop straws and livestock and poultry manure to produce the biologically fermented organic fertilizer, realizes energy conservation and environmental protection, and has huge economic and social benefits.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of the process equipment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the livestock and poultry manure bio-fertilizer production device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the mobile manure sprayer of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the lifting and moving turner of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the microbial inoculum dilution activation tank of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a block diagram of the connection of the electrical equipment in the invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and the detailed description:
as shown in fig. 1-6, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) and mounting equipment: a sewage discharge pipeline or a groove 2 is built in a livestock and poultry breeding area 1, one or more excrement storage pools 3 and biochemical hydrolysis pools 5 are connected according to the livestock and poultry breeding scale or the amount of excrement generated, a first liquid level meter 18-1 and a first wind power jet flow stirrer 16-1 are installed in the excrement storage pool 3, a second liquid level meter 18-2 and a second wind power jet flow stirrer 16-2 are installed in the biochemical hydrolysis pool 5, at least one set of livestock and poultry excrement biological fertilizer preparation device 6 and a PLC (programmable logic controller) 7 are installed beside the biochemical hydrolysis pool 5, a tap water pipe is communicated with a water pipe 20 on a microbial agent dilution activation box 9, the PLC 7 is communicated with the livestock and poultry excrement biological fertilizer preparation device 6, the first liquid level meter 18-1 in the excrement storage pool 3, the first wind power jet flow stirrer 16-1, the second wind power jet flow stirrer 18-2 and the second wind power jet flow stirrer 16-2 in the biochemical hydrolysis pool 5, the microbial agent dilution activation box 9, the PLC 7, A submersible sewage pump 8, a stirrer 9-4 in the microbial inoculum dilution activation box 9, a metering pump 9-5 and an electromagnetic valve 9-2 on a tap water pipe 20 are connected;
(2) 6-12 crushed crop straws with the thickness of 1 meter are flatly paved in the livestock and poultry manure biological fertilizer production device 6, wherein the crop straws 6-12 are one or a mixture of more than two of corn, wheat and rice;
(3) discharging the excrement generated in the livestock and poultry breeding field area 1 into an excrement storage pool 3 through an excrement sewage discharge pipeline or a groove 2, when the excrement in the excrement storage pool 3 reaches a set liquid level height, sending a signal to a fan 10 arranged on a second air pipe 12 by a first liquid level meter 18-1, sending air into a first wind jet device 16-1 by the fan 10 through a first electromagnetic valve 14-1 on the second air pipe 12, stirring for 1 hour under high-speed gas injection to enable the excrement in the excrement storage pool 3 to be pasty with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5, entering a biochemical hydrolysis pool 5 through a water gap 4, when the excrement in the biochemical hydrolysis pool 5 reaches the set liquid level height, sending a signal to a second electromagnetic valve 14-2 on the second air pipe 12 by a second liquid level meter 18-2, connecting the second electromagnetic valve 14-2 with a second wind jet device 16-2, and enabling the second wind jet device 16-2 to work, stirring under high-speed airflow jet, simultaneously starting a submersible sewage pump 8 in a biochemical hydrolysis tank 5, conveying the thin paste-like excrement to a movable excrement sprayer 6-3 on a livestock and poultry excrement biological fertilizer making device 6 through an excrement conveying pipe 15, and uniformly spraying the excrement on crushed crop straws 6-12 flatly paved in the livestock and poultry excrement biological fertilizer making device 6 according to the weight ratio of the crop straws to the excrement of 7: 3;
(4) spraying a bacterial solution on 6-12 crop straws and feces, wherein the bacterial solution is composed of a composite microbial inoculum consisting of 40 mass percent of saccharomycetes, 15 mass percent of bacillus subtilis, 10 mass percent of photosynthetic bacteria, 15 mass percent of bacillus megatherium and 20 mass percent of actinomyces thermophilus and 5 mass percent of white sugar of the composite microbial inoculum, the effective viable count (cfu) is more than or equal to 40 hundred million/g, putting the bacterial solution into a microbial inoculum dilution activation box 9, opening a tap water valve, adding water with 10 times volume of the bacterial solution and the temperature of not less than 15 ℃, stirring for 20 minutes, and uniformly spraying the bacterial solution on 6-12 pulverized crop straws and the feces in a livestock and poultry feces biological fertilizer production device through a connected bacterial agent conveying pipe 19 and a sprayer 6-4 according to the mass ratio of the feces to the composite microbial inoculum of 1: 0.002; the yeast, the bacillus subtilis, the photosynthetic bacteria, the bacillus megaterium and the thermophilic actinomyces are all commercial products, such as: products of Angel Yeast Inc. and Novexin (China) Biotechnology Inc. can be used in the present invention.
(5) A lifting movable turner 6-5 connected with a PLC 7 is arranged above the livestock and poultry manure biological fertilizer production device 6, the lifting movable turner is inserted into crop straws 6-12 and manure under the control of the PLC, the livestock and poultry manure, the crushed crop straws 6-12 and a compound microbial inoculum in the livestock and poultry manure biological fertilizer production device 6 are turned and stirred along a guide rail 6-2, the livestock and poultry manure, the crushed crop straws 6-12 and the compound microbial inoculum in the livestock and poultry manure biological fertilizer production device 6 are intermittently turned, stirred, mixed and fermented for 10-12 days, sampling analysis and assay are carried out according to biological organic fertilizer standard, calcium superphosphate, urea and potassium sulfate with different contents are added according to needs, the mixture is continuously turned, stirred and stirred for 2 days, the mixture is moved out from the livestock and poultry manure biological fertilizer production device 6, the mixture is fermented for 10-12 days under wind and rain sheltering, when the temperature of the material is reduced to below 40 ℃, a large amount of white is adhered to the, the color of the yellow wine is changed into dark brown or yellow brown after being turned over and aired after slight ammonia smell;
(6) in order to prevent odor from being generated and quickly eliminate residual antibiotics and heavy metals in the feces in the fermentation process, a PLC (programmable logic controller) 7 starts and stops a fan 10 according to signals given by a temperature and humidity sensor 6-6, the fan is communicated through a first air pipe 11 which is communicated with a second air pipe 12 and is provided with an electromagnetic valve 13, the air is blown into a livestock and poultry feces bio-fertilizer production device 6 for 10 minutes at intervals of 2 hours through a perforated air-permeable water seepage plate 6-7 in a leachate collecting pool 6-8, and the residual wastewater in the livestock and poultry feces or liquid generated in the fermentation process is discharged into the collecting leachate pool 6-8 through the perforated air-permeable water seepage plate 6-7 and is periodically discharged into a biochemical hydrolysis pool 5 through a leachate drainage pipe 6-11; the finished organic fertilizer is taken out from the material inlet and outlet 6-9 manually or mechanically.
In order to ensure the using effect and the convenient use,
the biological livestock and poultry manure fertilizer preparation device 6 consists of a box body 6-1, a guide rail 6-2, a movable manure sprayer 6-3, a microbial inoculum sprayer 6-4, a lifting movable turner 6-5 and a percolate collecting pool 6-8, wherein the guide rail 6-2 is arranged above the box body 6-1, the movable manure sprayer 6-3, the microbial inoculum sprayer 6-4 and the lifting movable turner 6-5 are arranged on the guide rail 6-2, a transverse perforation air and water permeable plate 6-7 is arranged at the bottom of the box body 6-1, a temperature and humidity sensor 6-6 is arranged on the box body 6-1 above the perforation air and water permeable plate 6-7, the percolate collecting pool 6-8 is arranged in the box body 6-1 at the lower part of the perforation air and water permeable plate 6-7, and a percolate drain pipe 6-8 communicated with the biochemical hydrolysis pool 5 is arranged in the percolate collecting pool 6-8 11, a feed and discharge port 6-9 is arranged on the side wall of the box body 6-1, a travel switch 6-10 is arranged at one end of the guide rail 6-2 close to the feed and discharge port 6-9, and crushed crop straws 6-12 are arranged on a perforated air-permeable water seepage plate 6-7 in the box body 6-1.
The movable dung or dirt sprayer 6-3 comprises a driving shaft 6-3-1, rolling wheels 6-3-2, a dung or dirt transition bin 6-3-3 and a variable frequency motor 6-3-10, wherein the dung or dirt transition bin 6-3-3 is arranged on the driving shaft 6-3-1, the driving shaft 6-3-1 at two ends outside the dung or dirt transition bin 6-3-3 is provided with the rolling wheels 6-3-2 arranged on a track 6-2, the dung or dirt transition bin 6-3-3 is provided with a dung or dirt connecting port 6-3-4, a vertical side wall of the dung or dirt transition bin 6-3-3 is provided with a third liquid level meter 6-3-8, the driving shaft 6-3-1 is connected with a rotating shaft of the variable frequency motor 6-3-10 through a coupler 6-3-9, the lower part of the manure transition bin 6-3-3 is communicated with a transverse flow guide pipe 6-3-6 through an electromagnetic valve 6-3-5, and manure spray heads 6-3-7 are uniformly distributed on the flow guide pipe 6-3-6.
The structure of the microbial inoculum sprayer 6-4 is the same as that of the movable manure sprayer 6-3, but the application is different, so the structure is not repeated.
The lifting movable turner 6-5 comprises a bracket 6-5-1, a movable wheel 6-5-2, a lifting hydraulic cylinder 6-5-3, a rake main shaft 6-5-4, a movable driving wheel 6-5-8 and a movable motor 6-5-9, wherein the movable wheel 6-5-2 arranged on a guide rail 6-2 is arranged on the bracket 6-5-1, the rake main shaft 6-5-4 is arranged on the guide rail 6-2 through the lifting hydraulic cylinder 6-5-3, the variable frequency motor 6-5-6 is arranged on the rake main shaft 6-5-4, the movable driving wheel 6-5-8 arranged on the bracket 6-5-1 and connected with the movable wheel 6-5-2 is connected with the movable motor 6-5-9 arranged on the bracket 6-5-1, the lifting hydraulic cylinder 6-5-3 is connected with the PLC 7, the travel switch 6-5-7 is arranged on the guide rail 6-2, and the rake 6-5-5 is arranged on the rake main shaft 6-5-4.
The microbial inoculum dilution activation box 9 comprises a box body 9-1, a stirrer 9-4 and a metering pump 9-5 which extend into the box body 9-1, wherein the metering pump 9-5 is arranged at the upper opening part of the box body 9-1, the metering pump 9-5 is communicated with a microbial inoculum conveying pipe 9-6, a water level gauge 9-3 is arranged on the box body 9-1, a tap water pipe 20 which penetrates through the upper opening is arranged in the box body 9-1, and an electromagnetic valve 9-2 which is connected with a PLC (programmable logic controller) 7 is arranged on the tap water pipe 20.
A sunshade and rainproof shed 17 is arranged above the livestock and poultry manure biological fertilizer production device 6 to prevent influence of rain and snow on production.
The invention obtains very good beneficial technical effects through practical application, and can be given by the following data:
example 1:
a100-head pig farm is arranged in a street area in Zhengzhou city, manure is generated by about 2000kg every day, 2 septic tanks are built in the farm area, and each tank body has the size of 5000x3000x2000 mm. A liquid level controller is arranged in a pond, the height is limited to 15000mm, and the actual volume of a single pond is 22.5m3One of the 2 septic tanks is changed into a biochemical hydrolysis tank, and an air pipe, a wind ejector and the like are respectively arranged in the biochemical hydrolysis tank. A set of livestock and poultry manure biological fertilizer making device with the overall dimension of 000x2500x1500mm is arranged beside a biochemical hydrolysis tank, and crushed corn straws and wheat straws with the thickness of 1 meter are flatly paved in the device, wherein the proportion is 1:1, and the total amount is about 15m3. After a fan arranged on the livestock and poultry manure biological fertilizer production device is started, manure in 2 tanks is fully and uniformly stirred through an air pipe and a pneumatic ejector, and the actual solid-to-liquid ratio is measured to be 1: 52. According to the proportion of 7:3 of the crushed crop straws and the excrement, a submerged sewage pump is used for pumping 6.5m in a biochemical hydrolysis tank3Uniformly spraying the excrement on the tiled crushed crop straws through a movable excrement sprayer arranged on the livestock and poultry excrement bio-fertilizer making device, after 30 minutes, taking 13kg of composite microbial inoculum according to the proportion of the excrement to the composite microbial inoculum of 1:0.002, adding 10 times of water for dilution and activation, uniformly spraying the microbial inoculum sprayer arranged on the livestock and poultry excrement bio-fertilizer making device through a pipeline on the crushed straws and the excrement, and after 10 minutes of intervalAfter the livestock and poultry manure bio-fertilizer production device is used, a turner arranged on the livestock and poultry manure bio-fertilizer production device is used for carrying out intermittent turning, stirring and fermentation for 240 hours according to a set program, 10kg of calcium phosphate, 2kg of urea and 2kg of potassium sulfate are respectively added according to data provided by a laboratory, and harmless treatment is completed after 2 days. The materials in the device are moved out and respectively placed in nylon bags with the size of 1000 multiplied by 1200mm, after being sealed and stored for 240 hours, the materials are poured out and aired for 8 hours, and the main indexes of the materials are analyzed by tests and reach the national standard of bioorganic fertilizer (NY 884-3。
Actual measurement result of research center of biological environmental protection engineering technology in Henan province
Comparison table with national standard
| Item | Unit of | Actual measurement result | National standard | |
| Effective viable count (cfu) | Hundred million/g | ≥ | 0.2 | 0.20 |
| Organic matter (on a dry basis) | % | ≥ | 42.5 | 40.0 |
| Moisture content | % | ≤ | 28. | 30.0 |
| pH value | .8 | 5.5～8.5 | ||
| Fecal coliform population | Per g of | ≤ | 87 | 100 |
| Death rate of ascarid eggs | % | ≥ | 98 | 95 |
| Period of validity | Moon cake | ≥ | 7.5 | |
| Total arsenic (As) | (on a dry basis) | ≤ | 9 | 15 |
| Total cadmium (Cd) | (on a dry basis) | ≤ | 3 | 50 |
| Total lead (Pb) | (on a dry basis) | ≤ | 2 | 3 |
| Total chromium (Cr) | (on a dry basis) | ≤ | 13 | 150 |
| Total mercury (Hg) | (on a dry basis) | ≤ | -- | 2 |
Example 2
In a 100-head dairy farm in a high and new area of the economic market, about 3000kg of excrement is produced daily, and 4 4000x3000x2000mm septic tanks are connected together. 2 pool bodies are selected to be transformed into a feces storage pool and a biochemical hydrolysis pool, wherein a liquid level controller is respectively arranged in the pool, the height is limited to 15000mm, and the actual volume is 18m3A set of device for producing biological fertilizer by livestock and poultry manure with the thickness of 0.8 meter is arranged beside the biochemical hydrolysis tank, and a set of device for producing biological fertilizer by livestock and poultry manure with the thickness of 000x2500x1500mm is flatly laid in the deviceStraw with total amount of about 12m3. Starting the PLC controller, fully stirring the excrement in the excrement storage pool and the biochemical hydrolysis pool according to a set program, and testing the solid-liquid ratio in a laboratory to be 1: 4.8. Pumping 8m of crushed crop straw and excrement in a biochemical hydrolysis tank by a submerged sewage pump according to the proportion of 43Uniformly spraying the excrement on the tiled crushed crop straws through a movable excrement sprayer arranged on the livestock excrement biological fertilizer production device, after 30 minutes, taking 1kg of composite microbial inoculum according to the proportion of the excrement to the composite microbial inoculum of 1:0.002, adding 10 times of water for dilution and activation, uniformly spraying the prepared composite microbial inoculum sprayer arranged on the livestock excrement biological fertilizer production device on the crushed straws and the excrement through a pipeline, after 10 minutes, starting to use a turner arranged on the livestock excrement biological fertilizer production device, and after stirring and fermenting for 240 hours intermittently according to a set program, finishing harmless treatment. According to data provided by a laboratory, 8.5kg of calcium phosphate, 25kg of urea and 2.5kg of potassium sulfate are respectively added, and after the batch type turnover planing stirring fermentation is carried out for 48 hours according to a set program, the materials in the device are moved out and are subpackaged in a nylon bag of 1000x1000x1200mm, and after the materials are stored for 24 hours in a sealed mode, the materials are poured out and aired for 8 hours. The main indexes of the biological organic fertilizer are up to the national standard of biological organic fertilizer (NY 884-3。
Actual measurement result of research center of biological environmental protection engineering technology in Henan province
Comparison table with national standard
| Item | Unit of | Actual measurement result | National standard | |
| Effective viable count (cfu) | Hundred million/g | ≥ | 0.29 | 0.20 |
| Organic matter (on a dry basis) | % | ≥ | 47 | 40.0 |
| Moisture content | % | ≤ | 32 | 30.0 |
| pH value | 5.9 | 5.5～8.5 | ||
| Fecal coliform population | Per g of | ≤ | 1 | 100 |
| Death rate of ascarid eggs | % | ≥ | 9.2 | 95 |
| Period of validity | Moon cake | ≥ | 7.5 | |
| Total arsenic (As) | (on a dry basis) | ≤ | 4 | 15 |
| Total cadmium (Cd) | (on a dry basis) | ≤ | 41 | 50 |
| Total lead (Pb) | (on a dry basis) | ≤ | 2.9 | 3 |
| Total chromium (Cr) | (on a dry basis) | ≤ | 84 | 150 |
| Total mercury (Hg) | (on a dry basis) | ≤ | -- | 2 |
According to the method for biologically preparing the livestock and poultry manure, the smashed crop straws with the thickness of 1 meter are flatly paved in the livestock and poultry manure biological fertilizer preparation device, and the manure is uniformly sprayed on the smashed crop straws and auxiliary materials paved in the livestock and poultry manure biological fertilizer preparation device according to the ratio of the crop straws to the manure of 7: 3. After 30 minutes, diluting the mixture by 10 times according to the proportion of the feces to the composite microbial inoculum of 1:0.002, activating, uniformly spraying the prepared composite microbial inoculum solution above the crushed crop straws and the feces by using a microbial inoculum sprayer, and after 10 minutes, intermittently turning, stirring and fermenting for 10-12 days by using a turner to achieve harmless treatment. After sampling, testing and analyzing, adding calcium superphosphate, urea and potassium sulfate with different contents according to the requirement and referring to the standard of biological organic fertilizer, turning and stirring uniformly, and fermenting continuously for 48 hours, wherein the turning and stirring are guided by a PLC (programmable logic controller) according to the preset time and temperature. The livestock and poultry manure biological fertilizer preparation device is moved out after 2 days, the livestock and poultry manure biological fertilizer preparation device is piled up and fermented for 10-12 days under the wind and rain sheltering conditions, the temperature of the materials is reduced to be below 40 ℃, a large amount of white hypha are attached to the surfaces of the materials inside the compost and have slight ammonia smell, and the materials are turned over, aired and dried to be dark brown or tawny in color, so that the requirements of the national organic fertilizer standard (NY 525-2012) and the biological organic fertilizer standard (NY 884-2012) can be met.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following outstanding beneficial technical effects: 1. the modern biotechnology and the microcomputer programming control are adopted to form the intelligent livestock and poultry manure biological fertilizer production device, crop straws, livestock and poultry manure and compound microorganisms are filled in the device together, and heavy metal ions, residual antibiotics and harmful bacteria in the manure are eliminated through intermittent stirring fermentation, so that the organic fertilizer is simple, convenient and effective to manufacture. 2. The livestock and poultry manure biological fertilizer production device comprises a liftable movable turner, a movable manure sprayer, a compound microbial inoculum metering feeder, a microbial inoculum sprayer and the like, is coupled with a PLC (programmable logic controller), realizes the integration of an electromechanical instrument, and has the advantages of small volume, high integration automation, small occupied area and low one-time investment. 3. The livestock and poultry manure is recycled and used for preparing fertilizer and returning the fertilizer to the field, so that zero emission of pollutants is achieved, the environmental pollution is reduced, the soil structure is improved, and hardening is prevented. 4. The livestock and poultry manure and the crop straw are harmless and recycled, the synchronous development of the ecological livestock and poultry breeding industry and the ecological environment construction is promoted, and the economic benefit, the environmental benefit and the social benefit are better.
Claims (6)
1. A method for biologically preparing a fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) and mounting equipment: building a sewage discharge pipeline or a groove (2) in a livestock and poultry breeding area (1), connecting one or more excrement storage pools (3) and a biochemical hydrolysis pool (5) according to livestock and poultry breeding scale or the amount of excrement generated, installing a first liquid level meter (18-1) and a first wind power jet flow stirrer (16-1) in the excrement storage pool (3), installing a second liquid level meter (18-2) and a second wind power jet flow stirrer (16-2) in the biochemical hydrolysis pool (5), installing at least one set of livestock and poultry excrement bio-fertilizer production device (6) and a PLC (programmable logic controller) (7) beside the biochemical hydrolysis pool (5), communicating a tap water pipe with a water pipe (20) on a microbial agent dilution activation box (9), and connecting the PLC (7) with the livestock and poultry excrement bio-fertilizer production device (6) and the first liquid level meter (18-1) in the excrement storage pool (3), the first wind power jet flow stirrer (16-1), A second liquid level meter (18-2), a second wind power jet flow stirrer (16-2), a submersible sewage pump (8), a stirrer (9-4) in a microbial inoculum dilution activation box (9), a metering pump (9-5) and an electromagnetic valve (9-2) on a tap water pipe (20) in the biochemical hydrolysis tank (5) are connected;
(2) the method comprises the following steps of (1) flatly laying crushed crop straws (6-12) with the thickness of 1 meter in a livestock and poultry manure biological fertilizer production device (6), wherein the crop straws (6-12) are one or a mixture of more than two of corn, wheat and rice;
(3) discharging the excrement generated by the livestock and poultry breeding field area (1) into an excrement storage pool (3) through an excrement sewage discharge pipeline or a groove (2), when the excrement in the excrement storage pool (3) reaches a set liquid level height, transmitting a signal to a fan (10) arranged on a second air pipe (12) by a first liquid level meter (18-1), sending air into a first wind jet aerator (16-1) by the fan (10) through a first electromagnetic valve (14-1) on the second air pipe (12), stirring for 1 hour under high-speed gas injection to enable the excrement in the excrement storage pool (3) to be pasty with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5, entering a biochemical hydrolysis pool (5) through a water gap (4), and when the excrement in the biochemical hydrolysis pool (5) reaches the set liquid level height, transmitting a signal to a second electromagnetic valve (14-2) on the second air pipe (12) by a second liquid level meter (18-2), a second electromagnetic valve (14-2) is connected with a second wind jet device (16-2), so that the second wind jet device (16-2) works, stirring is carried out under the high-speed airflow injection, a submersible sewage pump (8) in a biochemical hydrolysis tank (5) is started at the same time, thin paste-like excrement is conveyed to a movable excrement sprayer (6-3) on the livestock and poultry excrement biological fertilizer making device (6) through an excrement conveying pipe (15), and the excrement is uniformly sprayed on the crushed crop straws (6-12) flatly laid in the livestock and poultry excrement biological fertilizer making device (6) according to the weight ratio of the crop straws to the excrement of 7: 3;
(4) spraying a bacterial solution on crop straws (6-12) and feces, wherein the bacterial solution is composed of a composite bacterial agent and white sugar, the composite bacterial agent is composed of saccharomycetes 40%, bacillus subtilis 15%, photosynthetic bacteria 10%, bacillus megaterium 15% and actinomyces thermophilus 20% by mass, the white sugar is 5% of the composite bacterial agent by mass, the number of effective viable bacteria (cfu) is more than or equal to 40 hundred million/g, the bacterial solution is put into a bacterial agent dilution activation box (9), a tap water valve is opened, water with the volume being 10 times that of the bacterial solution and the temperature being not lower than 15 ℃ is added, the mixture is stirred for 20 minutes, and the bacterial solution is uniformly sprayed on crushed crop straws (6-12) and feces in a livestock and poultry feces bio-fertilizer device through a connected bacterial agent conveying pipe (19) and a bacterial agent sprayer (6-4) according to the mass ratio of 1:0.002 of the feces to the composite bacterial; the yeast, the bacillus subtilis, the photosynthetic bacteria, the bacillus megaterium and the thermophilic actinomyces are all commercial products;
(5) a lifting movable turner (6-5) connected with a PLC (programmable logic controller) (7) is arranged above the livestock and poultry manure biological fertilizer production device (6), the lifting movable turner is inserted into crop straws (6-12) and manure under the control of the PLC, is turned and stirred along a guide rail (6-2), livestock and poultry manure, crushed crop straws (6-12) and a compound microbial inoculum in the livestock and poultry manure biological fertilizer production device (6) are intermittently turned, stirred, mixed and fermented for 10-12 days at the speed of 10-15 r/min, is sampled, analyzed and assayed according to the biological standard, calcium superphosphate, urea and potassium sulfate with different contents are added according to needs, is continuously turned and stirred for 2 days, is moved out from the livestock and poultry manure biological fertilizer production device (6), is fermented for 10-12 days under the wind and rain sheltering condition, and is piled up when the temperature of the materials is reduced to below 40 ℃, a large amount of white hypha with slight ammonia smell is attached to the surface of the material in the compost, and then the compost is aired to be dark brown or yellow brown;
(6) in order to prevent odor from being generated and quickly eliminate residual antibiotics and heavy metals in the excrement during the fermentation process, a PLC (7) is used for starting and stopping a fan (10) according to signals given by a temperature and humidity sensor (6-6), the fan is communicated through a first air pipe (11) which is communicated with a second air pipe (12) and is provided with an electromagnetic valve (13), wind passes through the holes of a perforated air and water seepage plate (6-7) in a percolate collecting pool (6-8), air is supplied into a livestock and poultry excrement biological fertilizer making device (6) for 10 minutes every 2 hours, and residual sewage or liquid generated during the fermentation process in the livestock and poultry excrement is discharged into the percolate collecting pool (6-8) through the perforated air and water seepage plate (6-7) and is periodically discharged into a biochemical hydrolysis pool (5) through a percolate drainage pipe (6-11); the finished organic fertilizer is taken out from the material inlet and outlet (6-9) manually or mechanically.
2. The method for producing biological fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the livestock and poultry manure biological fertilizer production device (6) is composed of a box body (6-1), a guide rail (6-2), a movable manure sprayer (6-3), a microbial inoculum sprayer (6-4), a lifting movable turner (6-5) and a percolate collecting pool (6-8), wherein the guide rail (6-2) is arranged above the box body (6-1), the movable manure sprayer (6-3), the microbial inoculum sprayer (6-4) and the lifting movable turner (6-5) are arranged on the guide rail (6-2), a transverse perforation air-permeable water seepage plate (6-7) is arranged at the bottom of the box body (6-1), a temperature and humidity sensor (6-6) is arranged on the box body (6-1) above the perforation air-permeable water seepage plate (6-7), and percolate is collected in the box body (6-1) at the lower part of the perforation air-permeable water seepage plate (6-7) The device comprises a tank (6-8), a percolate drainage pipe (6-11) communicated with a biochemical hydrolysis tank (5) is arranged in a percolate collecting tank (6-8), a feed and discharge port (6-9) is formed in the side wall of a box body (6-1), a travel switch (6-10) is arranged at one end of a guide rail (6-2) close to the feed and discharge port (6-9), and crushed crop straws (6-12) are arranged on a perforated air-permeable water seepage plate (6-7) in the box body (6-1).
3. The method for producing biological fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the movable dung and dirt sprayer (6-3) comprises a driving shaft (6-3-1), rolling wheels (6-3-2), a dung and dirt transition bin (6-3-3) and a variable frequency motor (6-3-10), wherein the dung and dirt transition bin (6-3-3) is arranged on the driving shaft (6-3-1), the driving shaft (6-3-1) at two ends outside the dung and dirt transition bin (6-3-3) is provided with the rolling wheels (6-3-2) arranged on a track (6-2), the dung and dirt transition bin (6-3-3) is provided with a dung and dirt connecting pipe (6-3-4), and the vertical side wall of the dung and dirt transition bin (6-3-3) is provided with a third liquid level meter (6-3-8), the driving shaft (6-3-1) is connected with the rotating shaft of the variable frequency motor (6-3-10) through a coupling (6-3-9), the lower part of the feces and sewage transition bin (6-3-3) is communicated with a transverse flow guide pipe (6-3-6) through an electromagnetic valve (6-3-5), and feces and sewage nozzles (6-3-7) are uniformly distributed on the flow guide pipe (6-3-6).
4. The method for producing biological fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the lifting movable turner (6-5) comprises a support (6-5-1), a movable wheel (6-5-2), a lifting hydraulic cylinder (6-5-3), a rake main shaft (6-5-4), a movable driving wheel (6-5-8) and a movable motor (6-5-9), wherein the movable wheel (6-5-2) arranged on a guide rail (6-2) is arranged on the support (6-5-1), the rake main shaft (6-5-4) is arranged on the guide rail (6-2) through the lifting hydraulic cylinder (6-5-3), the variable frequency motor (6-5-6) is arranged on the rake main shaft (6-5-4), and the movable driving wheel (6-5-8) which is arranged on the support (6-5-1) and connected with the movable wheel (6-5-2) is arranged on the support (6-5-1) ) Is connected with a moving motor (6-5-9) arranged on the bracket (6-5-1), a lifting hydraulic cylinder (6-5-3) is connected with a PLC (programmable logic controller) controller (7), a travel switch (6-5-7) is arranged on the guide rail (6-2), and a rake (6-5-5) is arranged on the rake main shaft (6-5-4).
5. The method for producing biological fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the microbial inoculum dilution activation box (9) comprises a box body (9-1), a stirrer (9-4) and a metering pump (9-5) which extend into the box body (9-1), wherein the metering pump (9-5) is arranged at the upper opening part of the box body (9-1), the metering pump (9-5) is communicated with a microbial inoculum conveying pipe (9-6), a water level gauge (9-3) is arranged on the box body (9-1), a tap water pipe (20) which penetrates through the upper opening is arranged in the box body (9-1), and an electromagnetic valve (9-2) which is connected with a PLC (7) is arranged on the tap water pipe (20).
6. The method for producing biological fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: a sunshade and rainproof shed (17) is arranged above the livestock and poultry manure biological fertilizer production device (6).
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