CN204171071U - A kind of device being applicable to biological treatment organic garbage of city and agriculture debirs - Google Patents

Abstract

A device suitable for biological treatment of urban organic waste and agricultural organic waste, comprising a garage-type dry fermentation device and a leachate treatment device, the garage-type dry fermentation section is for putting materials into the fermentation bin, sealing, heating, heat preservation and exposure When the temperature rises to the anaerobic demand temperature, turn off the aeration system, turn on the spray system, inoculate the material, ferment, and at the end of the fermentation reaction, turn on the aeration system, replace the air, open the door to discharge, and the fermentation is completed . In the leachate treatment process section, part of the leachate produced by fermentation enters the dripping sprinkler head through the spray pump I, and the remaining part of the leachate is sent to the EGSB reactor, and the EGSB reaction effluent is sent to the vertical spray head through the spray pump II. The utility model has the advantages of simple process, convenient operation and strong practicability, can effectively solve the environmental problems of urban organic wastes and agricultural organic wastes, and realize comprehensive utilization of resources.

Description

A device suitable for biological treatment of urban organic waste and agricultural organic waste

technical field

The utility model belongs to a biological treatment device for easily degradable organic waste, in particular to a biological treatment device for urban organic waste and agricultural organic waste, and is suitable for environmental treatment of urban organic waste and agricultural organic waste.

Background technique

With the development of my country's economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the total amount of urban waste is growing rapidly. If it cannot be effectively treated, it will restrict the healthy development of the city. Urban waste mainly refers to the solid waste generated in the daily life of urban residents or in the activities of providing services for urban daily life, and its types include kitchen waste, waste paper, waste plastic, waste fabric, waste metal, brick and tile dregs, excrement And waste electrical appliances and green waste. The organic part of municipal waste is referred to as organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW), which mainly includes kitchen waste, waste from large supermarkets and farmers’ markets, and domestic waste from residents.

my country's municipal solid waste is dominated by "end-of-life treatment", which mainly adopts three treatment technologies: landfill, incineration and composting.

Landfill technology is often used in the treatment of municipal solid waste in my country due to its relatively low investment, relatively mature technology, large processing capacity, and simple operation. However, landfill technology faces difficulties in site selection, occupation of land resources, high construction and maintenance costs, landfill garbage has not been harmlessly treated, a large number of bacteria and viruses remain, and there are hidden dangers such as biogas heavy metal pollution. Its garbage seepage will also pollute groundwater resources for a long time, and cannot realize the recycling of garbage and other deficiencies. At present, it has been explicitly banned by many developed countries, and our country has gradually reduced the use of this treatment method.

Incineration technology is a municipal solid waste treatment technology widely used in developed countries. Incineration technology can convert carbohydrates in garbage into CO ₂ and H ₂ 0, and at the same time can kill virus bacteria in garbage at high temperature. Compared with landfill technology, it has the advantages of less land occupation, easier site selection, good capacity reduction effect (it can reduce the volume of garbage by 80% to 95%), more complete harmlessness, and the waste heat of waste incineration can be recycled and utilized. However, the incineration technology faces high infrastructure investment and operating costs. During the incineration process, recyclable resources are burned, and a large amount of irritating odors are generated during garbage collection, transportation, storage, and incineration, and carcinogenic organic compounds (such as dioxins) are easily generated. British, etc.), there is a problem of smoke pollution, and the investment in equipment is huge.

Composting technology is a microbiological process that relies on microorganisms widely distributed in nature to biochemically transform biodegradable organic matter into stable humus, and basically realizes the resourceful and harmless treatment of municipal solid waste. Compared with landfill technology, this technology can reduce pollution to the surrounding environment through garbage classification, and compared with incineration method, it can reduce air pollution and has certain economic benefits. However, composting technology faces the disadvantages of low degree of mechanization of waste composting production, low compost quality, low fertilizer efficiency, easy to cause re-accumulation, secondary pollution, and long-term use may easily cause soil compaction and groundwater quality to deteriorate.

The above-mentioned existing municipal solid waste treatment technologies all have the problems of low utilization rate of waste resources and low rate of innocuous treatment, and cannot realize on-site treatment of waste, which is not conducive to sustainable urban development.

Anaerobic digestion can reduce organic waste pollution and carbon dioxide emissions, reduce land occupation, not easily lead to secondary pollution, and generate biogas at the same time. In today's energy shortage, it has received more and more attention. Anaerobic digestion process is divided into wet and dry. Dry anaerobic digestion refers to the digestion process in which urban organic waste, straw, livestock and poultry manure and other raw materials (with a dry matter concentration above 20%) are decomposed into gases such as CH ₄ , CO ₂ , and H ₂ S by anaerobic bacteria. . Due to the high dry matter concentration of raw materials in dry anaerobic digestion, it will lead to disadvantages such as difficulty in feeding and discharging materials, uneven heat and mass transfer, and acidosis. However, compared with wet anaerobic digestion, dry anaerobic digestion has the advantages of small footprint, low heating energy consumption, low pretreatment requirements, and high organic load. , Putting it into the market can have a good economic application prospect.

With the rapid development of urbanization in my country, domestic waste has increased sharply. In 2012, the volume of domestic waste removal in my country was as high as 170 million tons. However, due to the relative shortage of waste treatment capacity, some cities are facing the dilemma of "garbage besieged cities", which poses a threat to the urban environment, social stability and human health. Health poses a huge potential hazard. At the same time, more than 4 billion tons of agricultural waste are produced in my country every year, of which 2.6 billion tons of livestock and poultry manure are discharged. The "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" National Urban Domestic Garbage Harmless Treatment Facilities Construction Plan strongly encourages anaerobic digestion of garbage to produce biogas.

However, in terms of dry anaerobic fermentation of domestic waste, my country is still in the initial stage of exploration. The main problem lies in the inefficiency and instability of the process, and due to the immature technology of domestic waste classification and collection in my country, the composition of organic waste is very complex, resulting in When the leachate exceeds the spray demand, it needs to be discharged, and the landfill leachate is a kind of high-concentration organic wastewater with complex components, complex components, high toxicity, and large fluctuations in water quality and quantity. Although biogas digesters are used for storage, problems such as uneven mass transfer and acidosis are likely to occur during inoculation; in addition, when the waste liquid is discharged outside, it is easy to cause pollution of the soil and water environment, and it is very difficult to repair after pollution. Therefore, it is difficult to effectively control the process in my country by using the existing foreign dry anaerobic fermentation technology.

In recent years, a garage-type dry anaerobic digestion process has been developed according to the characteristics of organic waste. Anaerobic digestion is carried out under the condition of high dry matter concentration to generate biogas and organic fertilizer, and a certain treatment effect has been achieved. At present, due to the complex composition of urban organic waste in my country and the difficulty of sorting, this technology is rarely used in China. In view of the advantages of dry anaerobic digestion for urban organic waste treatment, actively explore dry anaerobic digestion technology suitable for urban organic waste treatment in my country, to achieve effective treatment of urban organic waste, avoid environmental pollution, effectively protect the environment, and obtain Renewable energy and other aspects will have good application prospects.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is: to solve the above-mentioned existing problems in the prior art, and provide a device suitable for biological treatment of urban organic waste and agricultural organic waste. The process is simple, easy to operate, strong in practicability, continuous and efficient , solve the environmental problems caused by urban organic waste and agricultural organic waste well, and recycle and comprehensively utilize these wastes, which is suitable for the environmental protection treatment of easily biodegradable organic wastes.

The technical scheme that the utility model adopts is:

A device suitable for biological treatment of urban organic waste and agricultural organic waste, comprising a garage dry fermentation device and a leachate treatment device, the garage type dry fermentation device includes a garage type anaerobic fermentation bin and a closed system installed on it, heating Insulation system and aeration system, the leachate treatment device includes a leachate collection tank, a leachate pool, a spray pump I, a trickle sprinkler head, a submersible sewage pump connected in sequence through pipelines, and an EGSB reaction EGSB reactor, EGSB reaction effluent sump, spray pump II, vertical nozzle; EGSB reactor is connected in parallel with EGSB reaction circulation pump, leachate collection tank is located at the bottom of the garage-type anaerobic fermentation chamber, spray pump I and submersible sewage pump are installed in the seepage In the filtrate tank, the dripping filter sprinkler and the vertical sprinkler are installed on the top of the garage-type anaerobic fermentation bin.

In the above technical solution, the airtight system is composed of a hydraulic device, a sealed airbag, a sealed door and a vacuum pump. The hydraulic device is installed on the top of the fermentation bin. The hydraulic device is connected to the transmission mechanism for opening or closing the sealed door. The sealed airbag is laid on the hydraulic sealed door. The periphery of the sealed airbag is provided with an air inlet, an air outlet and a pressure gauge, and the vacuum pump is connected through an electromagnetic valve, a gas pipeline and an air inlet on the sealed airbag.

In the above technical solution, the heating and heat preservation system includes a heating device and a heat preservation device. The heating device is a heating coil installed around the fermentation bin, and the heat preservation device is used to turn off the heating device when the measurement shows that the fermentation temperature is higher than the required temperature for fermentation.

In the above technical solution, the aeration system is composed of a high-pressure fan connected to an air distribution pipe, and the air distribution pipe is installed at the bottom of the fermentation chamber.

In the above technical solution, the leachate collection tank is located at the bottom of the garage-type anaerobic fermentation bin close to the sealed door, and the bottom of the fermentation bin is provided with a slope of 3‰, and the top of the leachate collection tank is laid with a stainless steel grid screen.

In the above technical solution, part of the leachate in the leachate pool is transported to the dripping spray head through the spray pump I, while the remaining filtrate in the leachate pool is transported to the EGSB reactor by the submersible sewage pump through the outlet pipe, and The outlet pipe of the EGSB reactor is connected to the EGSB reaction effluent sump, and the EGSB reaction effluent sump is equipped with a spray pump II, and the spray pump II transports the EGSB reaction effluent to the vertical nozzle.

The innovation of this utility model:

1. The three-stage process design can greatly reduce the external heat required for anaerobic fermentation, so as to achieve the purpose of saving energy and reducing consumption;

2. Adopt double spray method to spray and return leachate to increase the mass transfer effect; at the same time, we have developed drip filter tube type cross spray, which can avoid the generation of inoculation dead angle and solve the problem of uneven inoculation of simple vertical sprinkler spray .

3. Excess leachate produced by dry fermentation using EGSB process. Due to the operation of the dry fermentation process, leachate that needs to be discharged will be produced. The leachate has complex components and high organic content. The EGSB process can reduce the concentration of organic pollutants and domesticate the microbial population in the leachate, which is better avoided. The microbial poisoning phenomenon caused by the complex composition of leachate in the process of circulating spraying was solved.

Utility model effects:

1. The overall sealing of the fermentation bin is good.

2. Compared with the traditional wet fermentation process, it can save 40% energy consumption in the whole fermentation cycle.

3. The continuity of the experiment (production) is good, the efficiency of spray inoculation is high, and the TS degradation rate of the material can reach 65% to 75%.

4. After the leachate is treated by the EGSB process, it can enter the municipal drainage network, or be further treated to meet the discharge standards.

The utility model has the advantages of simple process, convenient operation and strong practicability, can effectively solve the environmental problems caused by urban organic waste and agricultural organic waste, and comprehensively utilize the above waste as resources, and is suitable for environmental protection treatment of easily biodegradable organic waste.

The utility model overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art, and provides a novel dry-type anaerobic fermentation process and device suitable for treating municipal solid waste. The garage-type dry fermentation process and equipment of oxygen digestion, improved and developed the key technologies of aerobic aeration system, leachate spraying and leachate treatment system, solved the defects of previous technologies, and solved the limitation of garage-type anaerobic fermentation technology in Technical difficulties in the development of our country.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of garage type dry fermentation process of the present utility model;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the dripping filter spray head of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the cross-spraying effect of the dripping filter spray head of the present invention.

In the figure, the numbers are marked as: 1-heat source, 2-heating coil, 3-fermentation bin, 4-baffle, 5-high pressure fan, 6-air distribution pipe, 7-leachate collection tank, 8-leachate pool, 9-Spray pump I, 10-Drip filter sprinkler head, 11-Submersible sewage pump, 12-EGSB reactor, 13-EGSB reaction circulation pump, 14-EGSB reaction outlet pipe, 15-EGSB reaction outlet water sump, 16 -spray pump II, 17-vertical nozzle, 18-hydraulic device, 19-sealed air bag, 20-sealed door, 21-biogas pipe, 22-exhaust gas pipe.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the utility model is further described:

Referring to Figure 1, the utility model is a device suitable for biological treatment of urban organic waste and agricultural organic waste. The process based on this device is divided into a garage-type dry fermentation section and a leachate treatment section from the workflow.

In the garage-type dry fermentation section, firstly, the materials are put into the garage-type anaerobic fermentation chamber 3, and the closed system composed of the hydraulic device 18, the airtight air bag 19 and the airtight door 20 is started, the reaction chamber is closed, and the heat source 1 is opened. , the heating and heat preservation system composed of heating coil 2 and the aeration system composed of high-pressure fan 5 and air distribution pipe 6, the air is fed in, and when the temperature rises to the anaerobic required temperature, and the required temperature is 35°C, the spraying system is turned on According to the methane content, if the methane content is lower than 3%, it is judged that the fermentation has entered the end stage, and the waste gas and air are introduced to replace the methane in the warehouse, and then the door of the warehouse is opened to discharge the material to complete the fermentation.

In the leachate treatment section, the leachate produced by fermentation flows into the leachate pool 8 through the leachate collection tank 7, and this part of the leachate is transported to the dripping sprinkler head 10 through the spray pump 19, and the remaining part of the leachate is passed through The submersible sewage pump 11 is transported to the EGSB reactor 12 through the connecting pipeline. With the assistance of the EGSB reaction circulation pump 13, the anaerobic digestion reaction of the leachate is completed. II 16 is delivered to the vertical nozzle 17.

The garage-style dry fermentation section is a combination of three categories, namely "aerobic reaction-anaerobic fermentation-gas replacement", which mainly includes sealing system, heating and heat preservation system, aeration system, spray system I, spray system II and permeation system. Filtrate return system.

Sealing system: located at the top of fermentation bin 3, mainly composed of hydraulic device 18, sealing air bag 19, sealing door 20 and vacuum pump. The sealing air bag 19 is laid on the periphery of the hydraulic sealing door 20, and the sealing air bag 19 is provided with an air inlet, an air outlet and a pressure gauge. , if the pressure is 0.3 MPa, close the air inlet. When stopping work, open the air outlet, the gas in the sealed air bag 19 is evacuated by the vacuum pump, when down to a smaller pressure, such as when the pressure is-500 Pa, close the vacuum pump and the air outlet.

Heating and heat preservation system: including heating device and heat preservation device. A heating coil 2 is arranged around the fermentation chamber 3. When the measurement shows that the temperature in the chamber is lower than the temperature required for fermentation, such as when the temperature is 37°C, turn on the heating device. When the measurement shows that the fermentation temperature is higher than the temperature required for fermentation, such as the temperature is At 45°C, turn off the heating device.

Aeration system: The aeration system is composed of high-pressure fan 5 and air distribution pipe 6. At the initial stage of fermentation, the aeration system is turned on to aerate the fermentation chamber 3, so that the material is in an aerobic reaction state. The aerobic reaction can make the material heat up quickly, thereby reducing the opening time of the heating device to save energy. When the test shows that the reaction temperature in the fermentation chamber 3 is higher than a certain temperature, such as 45°C, the aeration system is turned off to allow the material to gradually enter an anaerobic state.

In addition, when the fermentation enters the final stage, it is found through measurement that the flow rate of biogas is low, such as less than 5-10 m ³ /h, and when the methane component is less than 3%, the aeration system is turned on to fill the fermentation chamber 3 Enter air to displace the methane in the chamber, and when the measurement shows that the oxygen content reaches 21%, open the airtight door 20 and start discharging.

Spraying system: The spraying method is two-stage spraying, that is, two spraying methods are used. One adopts the drooping type sprinkler, and the sprinkler system II is composed of pipelines respectively connected to the sprinkler pump II 16 and the vertical sprinkler 17. The spray liquid comes from the EGSB reaction water collection pool 15; the other adopts the dripping filter tube type Cross-spraying is a spraying system 1 composed of pipes connecting spraying pump 19 and trickling spraying head 10 respectively, and its spraying liquid comes from leachate pool 8. Two types of spray pipes are evenly arranged in the fermentation chamber 3, and the two spray modes are intermittently operated. The concentration of the original organic substrate contained in the spray liquid from the EGSB reaction effluent sump 15 is relatively low, and the microorganisms are in the endogenous growth stage. The material can be quickly digested by its inoculation, so as to achieve the purpose of inoculation. Among them, spraying system I and spraying system II work alternately, the spraying cycle is 4 hours, spraying for 10 minutes, and stopping for 230 minutes, when the spraying system I is completed, the spraying system II starts, and so on.

Leachate return system: for the leachate collection system, a leachate collection tank 7 is set at the bottom of the fermentation chamber 3 close to the sealing door 20. Since the bottom of the fermentation chamber 3 has a slope of 3‰, the leachate will flow to the leachate collection along the slope Tank 7, the top of the leachate collection tank 7 is laid with a stainless steel grid sieve to prevent the loss of large particle materials, and the leachate is collected and discharged into the leachate treatment section.

Leachate treatment section: mainly composed of leachate pool 8, submersible sewage pump 11, EGSB reactor 12, EGSB reaction circulation pump 13, EGSB reaction outlet pipe 14 and EGSB reaction outlet water collection tank 15, etc., leachate from fermentation bin 3 First enter the leachate pool 8 for collection, part of the leachate in the leachate pool 8 is transported to the dripping sprinkler 10 through the spray pump 19, and the remaining leachate in the leachate pool 8 is transported to the EGSB by the submersible sewage pump 11 through the outlet pipeline Reactor 12 carries out anaerobic reaction, to reduce organic matter content in leachate, water outlet flows into EGSB reaction outlet water sump 15 through EGSB reaction water outlet pipe 14 again, is provided with spray pump II 16 in EGSB reaction outlet water sump 15, by spraying Pump II 16 delivers the effluent to vertical sprinklers 17.

Example 1:

 The garage-type dry fermentation device shown in Figure 1 was used to conduct a small-scale experiment on the treatment of corn stalks and cow dung mixture. The volume of the small test device is 50 L, the EGSB reactor is 10 L, and the processed material is about 36 kg. It is fermented at a medium temperature of 37 °C, and the pressure of the reaction system is controlled within 5000 Pa. After 5 weeks of anaerobic fermentation, the gas production per VS (volatile organic compound) was about 410 mL/g, and the TS degradation rate was about 68%.

Example 2:

As shown in Figure 1, the garage-type dry fermentation device is adopted, and 5 garage-type anaerobic reactors are used. The total effective volume is 1500 m3, and the volume of the EGSB reactor is 150 m3. It can process 50-60 tons of urban organic waste per day and control the reaction. The temperature is 37°C, and the pressure of the reaction system is within 5000 Pa. The fermentation period is between 25 and 35 days, and the daily biogas production is 5000 to 6000 m ³ , the unit VS (volatile organic compound) gas production is about 180 mL/g, and the TS degradation rate is about 60%.

Claims (4)

1. one kind is applicable to the device of biological treatment organic garbage of city and agriculture debirs, it is characterized in that, comprise garage dry fermentation device and percolate treating apparatus, described garage type dry fermentation device comprises the closed system of garage type anaerobic fermentation storehouse and upper installation thereof, heating and thermal insulation system and aerating system, described percolate treating apparatus comprises the leachate collection groove connected successively by pipeline, diafiltration liquid pool, spray pump I, drip filter spray head and the submersible sewage pump be connected successively by pipeline, EGSB reactor, EGSB reacts water outlet collecting-tank, spray pump II, vertical shower nozzle, EGSB reactor is parallel with EGSB reaction cycle pump, and leachate collection slot is bottom garage type anaerobic fermentation storehouse, and spray pump I, submersible sewage pump are arranged in diafiltration liquid pool, drips filter spray head and is arranged on garage type anaerobic fermentation storehouse inner top with vertical shower nozzle.

2. the device being applicable to biological treatment organic garbage of city and agriculture debirs according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described closed system is made up of hydraulic means, pressure bladder, hermatic door and vavuum pump, hydraulic means is located at fermentation cabin top, hydraulic means connects the transmission mechanism that hermatic door is opened or closed, pressure bladder is laid in the periphery of hydraulic packing door, pressure bladder is provided with air inlet, gas outlet and manometer, and vavuum pump is connected with the air inlet on pressure bladder by electromagnetic gas valve, gas pipeline.

3. the device being applicable to biological treatment organic garbage of city and agriculture debirs according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described heating and thermal insulation system comprises heater and attemperator, heater is that fermentation cabin periphery arranges heat(ing) coil, and described attemperator closes heater for measuring display fermentation temperature higher than when fermenting temperature required.

4. the device being applicable to biological treatment organic garbage of city and agriculture debirs according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described aerating system is connected to form by high pressure positive blower and gas distribution pipe, and gas distribution pipe is arranged on bottom fermentation cabin; The position of described leachate collection slot close hermatic door bottom garage type anaerobic fermentation storehouse, and the bottom of fermentation cabin is provided with the gradient of 3 ‰, and the top of leachate collection groove is equipped with stainless steel diagrid.