CN114195562B - Biological drying and decomposition-promoting treatment process for perishable garbage added with sterile agent - Google Patents

Biological drying and decomposition-promoting treatment process for perishable garbage added with sterile agent Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN114195562B
CN114195562B CN202111514016.0A CN202111514016A CN114195562B CN 114195562 B CN114195562 B CN 114195562B CN 202111514016 A CN202111514016 A CN 202111514016A CN 114195562 B CN114195562 B CN 114195562B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
decomposition
biological drying
materials
perishable
perishable garbage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN202111514016.0A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN114195562A (en
Inventor
吴伟祥
辛立庆
王昊书
莫洁菲
阮诗婷
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zhejiang University ZJU
Original Assignee
Zhejiang University ZJU
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zhejiang University ZJU filed Critical Zhejiang University ZJU
Priority to CN202111514016.0A priority Critical patent/CN114195562B/en
Publication of CN114195562A publication Critical patent/CN114195562A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN114195562B publication Critical patent/CN114195562B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
    • C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a biological drying and decomposition-promoting treatment process for perishable garbage by adding a sterile agent. The treatment process comprises the steps of pretreating perishable garbage, and then preparing the perishable garbage into a decomposed fertilizer through two stages of full-mixed biological drying and layer-by-layer quick decomposition. The invention adopts the linkage effect of 'ventilation aeration-mechanical stirring-water vapor extraction' to rapidly amplify the aerobic microbial biomass so as to shorten the time for heating the material and removing water. The invention can maintain the environment suitable for growth, propagation and metabolism of thermophilic microorganisms, prolong the high-temperature fermentation time, improve the material maturity, rapidly convert perishable garbage into the matured fertilizer with the plant seed germination index higher than 70% and the water content lower than 30% under the condition of no addition of exogenous microbial inoculum, the whole period only needs 7-10 days, effectively solves the bottleneck problems of high microbial inoculum cost, poor dehydration effect, long fertilizer forming period, low maturity and the like in the process of fertilizing the perishable garbage, and provides reference for the efficient, low-consumption and rapid treatment of the perishable garbage in engineering practice.

Description

Biological drying and decomposition-promoting treatment process for perishable garbage added with sterile agent
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of perishable garbage recycling treatment, and particularly relates to a perishable garbage biological enhanced decomposition-promoting treatment process with a sterile agent.
Background
With the promotion of domestic waste classification work and the promotion of classification quality, perishable rubbish such as kitchen garbage, kitchen garbage and fruit vegetables rubbish presents the trend that continuously increases progressively. The perishable garbage has the pollution properties of high moisture content, high possibility of rotting, deteriorating, smelling, breeding mosquitoes and the like, and is considered as a huge biological resource library due to high organic matter content and rich nutrient substances. Therefore, it is the key to the perishable waste treatment equipment and process that the perishable waste is treated for a long time by firstly rapidly stabilizing and reducing the perishable waste to relieve the pollution property of the perishable waste and fully exerting the resource value of the perishable waste.
At present, the composting is an important way for solving the harmless treatment and full resource utilization of perishable garbage. However, due to the fact that the excessively high water content easily causes agglomeration of perishable garbage materials, damages ventilation and oxygen supply of an aerobic system, causes blockage of local anaerobic and organic component degradation, greatly reduces the recycling and fertilizing effects of perishable garbage, causes the problems of large occupied area of treatment facilities, long fermentation period, associated malodorous gas and the like, and greatly limits popularization and application of the process. The biological drying technology is based on reaction equipment with limited volume, is provided with auxiliary measures such as ventilation aeration, mechanical stirring and external source auxiliary heat, and the like, degrades organic components by quickly activating aerobic microorganisms to generate biological heat, and quickly removes waste gas, water vapor and water in organic waste by means of heat exchange of fresh air and biological heat, for example, a fully-closed thermal coupling biological drying reaction device and a method are disclosed in a patent with the publication number of CN110523746A, and the water content of the organic waste is reduced from 50-65% to below 40% through biological drying for 3-4 days, so that the biological drying technology is an organic waste stabilizing and reducing technology with quick microbial propagation, heat generation, quick temperature rise, short period and high dehydration efficiency.
For another example, the invention patent with publication No. CN110981559A discloses a continuous feeding and full mixing type biological drying device without a temperature rise period and a method, the method covers a starting and running method of biological drying, the water content of the material to be treated is preferably controlled to be 40% -50%, the retention time is preferably 5-7 days, and a microbial inoculum is preferably added. However, the main purpose of the biological drying process is to reduce the water content of the garbage material, and the final dried material is used for garbage pyrolysis or incineration. Therefore, the drying process needs continuous stirring and continuous aeration and ventilation, which can improve the dehydration rate, but the obtained dried material has insufficient microbial biomass and cannot be used for composting. And although hot air can be used in the aeration process, the activity of the primary microorganisms cannot be sufficiently excited by the heat of an external source, and the microorganisms may lose the activity due to overhigh temperature of the external source.
Therefore, although the development of the biological drying and decomposition promoting process opens up a new way for the field of perishable waste recycling treatment, and provides an important technical support for high-efficiency, low-consumption and rapid treatment and treatment of high-moisture content organic wastes in engineering practice, how to realize low-cost and high-efficiency biological drying and decomposition promoting of perishable wastes is a technical problem to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of poor dehydration effect, long fertilizer forming period and low decomposition degree in the existing process of composting the perishable garbage with high water content, the invention provides a perishable garbage biological drying and decomposition-promoting treatment process with a sterile agent.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme:
a process for biologically drying and promoting the decomposition of perishable garbage by adding a sterile agent comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreating perishable garbage until the moisture content is 70% -75% and the particle size is less than 3cm, mixing the perishable garbage with auxiliary materials, transferring the mixture into a closed heat-preservation biological drying device to serve as a material to be treated, and not needing to add an additional microbial inoculum;
s2, starting biological drying after the biological drying equipment finishes filling of the materials to be treated, and carrying out full-mixing stirring, aeration and air draft dehumidification on all the materials to be treated in an intermittent manner in the biological drying process, wherein the aeration and the air draft dehumidification are carried out in a linkage mode for 10-20 minutes in each intermittent period, meanwhile, the full-mixing stirring is carried out synchronously for 8-10 minutes in the aeration process, and the full-mixing stirring, the aeration and the air draft dehumidification are not carried out for the rest 40-50 minutes; biological drying is finished after 22 to 24 hours, so that the number of the primary microorganisms of the perishable garbage is increased to 10 7 The CFU/g is higher than that, the temperature is raised to be higher than 50 ℃, and the water content of the material is reduced to 55-60 percent;
s3, completely transferring the material to be treated after the biological drying in the biological drying equipment is finished to a closed heat-preservation decomposition fermentation equipment for aerobic decomposition fermentation in a heat preservation mode, adopting a continuous feeding and discharging operation mode in the decomposition fermentation equipment, and piling the newly transferred material to be treated at the inlet end of the decomposition fermentation equipment to be incompletely mixed with the existing material in the decomposition fermentation equipment; in the aerobic decomposition fermentation process, air draft and dehumidification are carried out in the whole process, and meanwhile, all the materials to be treated are turned and aerated intermittently, wherein the aeration frequency is 10-30 minutes/hour, and the turning frequency is 1-2 times/day, so that the temperature of the internal materials is kept at 50-70 ℃; in the pile turning process, the pile turning device gradually moves forwards from the outlet end to the inlet end of the decomposing fermentation equipment, and turns the materials in the forward moving process backwards layer by layer, so that the materials fed at different times are horizontally moved from the inlet end to the outlet end under the condition of keeping layering, and a feeding space is reserved at the inlet end for new materials while the old materials are discharged from the outlet end; the retention time of the material to be treated in the decomposing fermentation equipment is kept for 5-8 days, and finally the decomposed organic fertilizer with the plant seed germination index of more than 70 percent and the water content of less than 30 percent is obtained from the outlet end.
Preferably, the perishable garbage is kitchen garbage, kitchen waste or fruit and vegetable garbage which is subjected to garbage classification.
Preferably, the pre-treatment of the perishable waste comprises purification for impurity removal and crushing for dehydration.
Preferably, the auxiliary materials comprise straws, corncobs, sawdust, bran coats, vinasse and the like, and the addition amount of the auxiliary materials is 10-15% of the total weight of the garbage.
Preferably, the perishable garbage is treated by taking days as a treatment period, and the perishable garbage collected every day is subjected to biological drying by a biological drying device and then is placed in a decomposition fermentation device for aerobic decomposition fermentation.
Preferably, the height of the material pile in the decomposing and fermenting equipment is controlled to be 0.5-0.8 m.
Preferably, in the process of turning the material layer by layer backwards, the single-layer turning range of the turning device should cover the transverse span of the stack body of the inner bin of the decomposing fermentation equipment.
Preferably, the turning device adopts a chain plate type turning mechanism which can obliquely extend into the stack body.
Preferably, the biological drying equipment and the decomposition fermentation equipment need to be heated in an auxiliary way when the room temperature is lower than 5 ℃ in the operation process, so as to maintain the temperature of the internal materials.
Preferably, the working temperature of the heating sheet used for auxiliary heating is not higher than 60 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention fully exerts the linkage effect of 'ventilation aeration-mechanical stirring-water vapor pumping-removal' in the full-mixed biological drying system, rapidly amplifies the primary microorganism quantity of the perishable garbage, strengthens the functions of microbial degradation and heat generation, and provides aerobic microorganisms with excellent activity and sufficient number for the layered rapid decomposition system. Based on the method, the high-temperature material after the biological drying treatment is subjected to layer-by-layer translational motion in a decomposing system, so that the mixing of new and old materials is avoided, the material degradation and the humus synthesis are fully excited, and the effective viable count of microorganisms is more than 10 in the high-temperature fermentation stage 7 CFU/g, the high-temperature fermentation period is prolonged, the addition of microbial inoculum is saved, and the treatment cost is greatly reduced;
(2) Compared with other aerobic composting processes of perishable garbage, the aerobic composting method does not need to add a microbial inoculum, and can greatly save the operation cost;
(3) Compared with the traditional aerobic composting process of perishable garbage, the high-temperature fermentation adopts a layer-by-layer quick-decomposing system, so that the materials are gradually advanced, and the new and old materials are basically prevented from being mixed; feeding and discharging every day, and is suitable for continuous treatment of perishable garbage treated on daily production days;
(4) According to the perishable garbage treatment process for biological drying and decomposition promotion, disclosed by the invention, the perishable garbage is quickly dehydrated and decomposed by regulating and controlling the optimal growth and metabolism temperature, humidity and oxygen conditions of aerobic microorganisms, and finally decomposed fertilizer with the germination index of plant seeds higher than 70% and the water content lower than 30% is obtained within 7-10 days, so that the fertilizer meets the standard of organic fertilizer (NY/T525-2021), the problems of large occupied area, easiness in generation of stink, poor dehydration effect, long fertilization period, low decomposition degree and the like in the process of composting the perishable garbage are solved, and an integrated process method is provided for the quick treatment of the perishable garbage with high efficiency and low consumption in engineering practice.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a process for the bio-enhanced accelerated decomposition treatment of perishable waste with the addition of a sterile agent;
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. The technical characteristics in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined correspondingly without mutual conflict.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
As a better implementation form of the invention, the perishable garbage biological drying and decomposition promoting treatment process added with the sterile agent is provided, the process is divided into two stages of biological drying and aerobic decomposition fermentation, and the two stages can be respectively realized by a biological drying device and an aerobic decomposition fermentation device. The perishable garbage targeted by the invention can be kitchen garbage, fruit and vegetable garbage and the like which are from different dispersion points and have better classification quality.
The basic concept of the invention is to fully play the linkage effect of 'ventilation aeration-mechanical stirring-water vapor pumping' in a full-mixed biological drying system, rapidly amplify the primary microorganism quantity of the perishable garbage, strengthen the functions of microorganism degradation and heat production, and provide aerobic microorganisms with excellent activity and sufficient number for a layer-by-layer rapid decomposition system. Based on the method, the high-temperature material after the biological drying treatment is subjected to layer-by-layer translational motion in a decomposing system, so that the mixing of new and old materials is avoided, the material degradation and the humus synthesis are fully excited, and the effective viable count of microorganisms is more than 10 in the high-temperature fermentation stage 7 CFU/g, prolongs the high-temperature fermentation period, saves the addition of microbial inoculum and greatly reduces the treatment cost.
As shown in FIG. 1, the specific steps of the biological drying and decomposition-promoting treatment process for perishable garbage added with the sterilizing agent are shown as S1-S3, and are described as follows:
s1, pretreating perishable garbage until the moisture content is 70% -75% and the particle size is less than 3cm, mixing the perishable garbage with auxiliary materials, transferring the mixture into a closed heat-preservation biological drying device to serve as a material to be treated, and not needing to add an additional microbial inoculum.
In the invention, the pretreatment of the perishable garbage is determined according to the type and the property of the garbage, and the pretreatment meets the requirement of materials for fertilizer production. Generally, the pretreatment process comprises purification and impurity removal and crushing and dehydration, wherein the purification and impurity removal is used for removing impurities which are not suitable for decomposition, and the crushing and dehydration is used for crushing bulk materials and removing free flowing water and surface adsorption water in the materials, so that the overall properties of the materials are uniform.
In the invention, the type of the added auxiliary materials can be adjusted according to actual needs, and can be one or more of straws, corncobs, sawdust, bran coat or vinasse generally, and the addition amount is 10-15% of the total weight of the garbage. The water content of the mixed material to be treated is controlled between 65 and 68 percent.
In order to adapt to the disposal requirements of perishable garbage, the perishable garbage of the process can take the day as a treatment period, namely the perishable garbage collected every day is biologically dried by a biological drying device on the same day, and after the biological drying is finished, the perishable garbage is placed in a decomposition fermentation device for aerobic decomposition fermentation to form a corresponding decomposed fertilizer. Therefore, daily garbage can be subjected to resource consumption on the same day.
S2, starting biological drying after the biological drying equipment finishes filling of the materials to be treated, and carrying out full-mixing stirring, aeration and air draft dehumidification on all the materials to be treated in an intermittent manner in the biological drying process, wherein the aeration and the air draft dehumidification are carried out for 10-20 minutes in a linkage manner in each intermittent period, the full-mixing stirring is synchronously carried out for 8-10 minutes in the aeration process, and the full-mixing stirring, the aeration and the air draft dehumidification are not carried out for the rest 40-50 minutes; biological drying is finished within 22-24 hours, so that the number of the original microorganisms of the perishable garbage is increasedTo 10 7 And (3) the CFU/g is higher, the temperature is increased to be higher than 50 ℃, and the water content of the material is reduced to 55-60%.
In the present invention, the intermittent period can be adjusted according to actual needs, and generally 1 hour can be used as one intermittent period. In the intermittent period of the hour, the aeration and the air draft dehumidification (namely, the aeration is carried out on the bottom or the middle part of the material and the air draft dehumidification is carried out on the top of the material once) are carried out for 10 to 20 minutes in a linkage manner in the first stage, and meanwhile, the full mixing type stirring of the material is carried out within the 10 to 20 minutes for 8 to 10 minutes, so that the material is fully in an aerobic state. It should be noted that the time of the above-mentioned full mixing type stirring may be shorter than the time of aeration and air draft dehumidification. In an intermittent period of one hour, after the first stage is finished within 10-20 minutes, the second stage is started, namely the second stage is stopped for 40-50 minutes, and the materials are kept still without any full mixing, stirring, aeration and air draft dehumidification. The method can keep the material fully obtaining oxygen as much as possible, simultaneously, the self-generated heat is not dissipated, and the self-generated heat is more favorable for the propagation and amplification of the microorganisms compared with the external heat, and the amplification multiple reaches 100-150 times. Moreover, this practice alters the microbial community structure, increasing the proportion of bacteria that favors spoilage, and decreasing the proportion of fungi that do not. By the S2 treatment, the material heating and moisture removal time is greatly shortened, and the perishable garbage resourceful fertiliziation treatment period is shortened.
S3, completely transferring the material to be treated after the biological drying in the biological drying equipment to a closed heat-preservation decomposition fermentation equipment in a heat preservation mode for aerobic decomposition fermentation, wherein a continuous feeding and discharging operation mode is adopted in the decomposition fermentation equipment, and newly transferred material to be treated is stacked at an inlet end of the decomposition fermentation equipment and is incompletely mixed with the existing material in the decomposition fermentation equipment; in the aerobic decomposition fermentation process, air draft and dehumidification are carried out in the whole process, and simultaneously all the materials to be treated are turned and aerated intermittently, wherein the aeration frequency is 10-30 minutes/hour, and the turning frequency is 1-2 times/day, so that the temperature of the internal materials is kept at 50-70 ℃; in the pile turning process, the pile turning device gradually moves forwards from the outlet end to the inlet end of the decomposing fermentation equipment, and turns the materials in the forward moving process backwards layer by layer, so that the materials fed at different times are horizontally moved from the inlet end to the outlet end under the condition of keeping layering, and a feeding space is reserved at the inlet end for new materials while the old materials are discharged from the outlet end; the retention time of the material to be treated in the decomposing fermentation equipment is kept for 5-8 days, and finally the decomposed organic fertilizer with the plant seed germination index of more than 70 percent and the water content of less than 30 percent is obtained from the outlet end.
It should be noted that the material to be treated after the biological drying in the biological drying equipment needs to be kept warm when being transferred to the decomposing fermentation equipment, that is, excessive heat loss cannot occur in the transfer process, and the heat production level of the material to be treated is maintained as far as possible. The technical requirement is preferably realized by directly connecting the feed inlet of the decomposed fermentation equipment to the discharge port end of the biological drying equipment, and the dried material output by the biological drying equipment can directly enter the decomposed fermentation equipment without heat loss. Of course, a heat-insulating conveying pipeline or other heat-insulating conveying equipment may be arranged between the two devices, which is not limited to this.
It should be noted that, in the process of turning the material layer by layer backwards, the turning range of the turning device for a single layer of material should cover the transverse span of the stack body of the inner bin of the decomposing fermentation equipment. That is to say, the material to be treated which enters the inner bin of the decomposing fermentation equipment after the biological drying is finished every day is basically positioned on the same layer of cross section in the axial direction (the connecting line of the inlet end and the outlet end) of the inner bin, so when the turning device turns the layer of material backwards, the whole layer of material on the cross section also needs to be fully turned, and the whole layer of material is still positioned on the same cross section after being turned.
Generally speaking, in order to control the material decomposition effect, the material stack height in the decomposition fermentation equipment cannot be too high or too low, preferably 0.5-0.8 m, in order to achieve a certain heat preservation and decomposition effect, the too high stack body easily causes the material to be compact, is not beneficial to ventilation and oxygen supply, and has poor decomposition effect; too low stack height results in fast material heat dissipation and failure to reach sufficient harmless and decomposition temperatures.
The step S3 can realize the self-heating high-temperature fermentation of the materials in the whole process, the temperature is kept at a high-temperature state of 50-70 ℃, the high-temperature fermentation time is fully prolonged, the material decomposition time is greatly shortened, and the moisture removal effect is improved.
In addition, in a preferred implementation form, because the heat-insulating layer of the device cannot completely block the heat exchange between the inside and the outside, in order to take care of the adverse factor of too low outside temperature in winter, auxiliary heating devices may be built in the biological drying device and the decomposing fermenting device, and during the operation of the biological drying device and the decomposing fermenting device, when the room temperature is lower than 5 ℃, auxiliary heating is required to be performed to maintain the temperature of the materials inside. However, it should be noted that the auxiliary heating is only to avoid the dissipation of heat generated by the material itself, and is not to supplement the internal heat with external heat, so that the working temperature of the heating sheet used in the auxiliary heating should not be higher than 60 ℃ in order to avoid the influence of external auxiliary heating on the microorganisms in the material.
In summary, the core improvement of the above process is divided into two aspects:
the improvement of the first aspect of the invention is that the biological self-heating drying process without adding any microbial inoculum and supplying heat by an external heat source is adopted in the biological drying stage. The method of intermittent aeration and air draft dehumidification linkage is introduced into the drying process, and simultaneously, the process of completely mixing and stirring the materials is carried out in the aeration stage. Under the drying process, the materials can be fully stirred, supplied with oxygen and dehumidified by using the linkage operation time of aeration and air draft dehumidification in the intermittent period, meanwhile, the loss of heat generated by the materials is reduced by using the down time in the intermittent period, the temperature rise amplitude of the material pile caused by self biodegradation heat production is increased, the original microbial biomass (mainly original bacteria) of perishable garbage is rapidly amplified, and the high-temperature materials with sufficient microbial biomass are provided for subsequent aerobic composting fermentation.
The improvement of the second aspect of the invention is that the fermentation process of intermittent aeration, continuous air draft dehumidification and layer-by-layer translation is adopted in the aerobic maturity fermentation stage. In the fermentation process, the high-temperature material after biological drying treatment is subjected to layer-by-layer translational motion in a decomposing system through a turning device which translates from back to front, so that the mixing of new and old materials is avoided, and the material degradation and the humus synthesis are fully excited; meanwhile, the intermittent aeration mode is continuously adopted to reduce the heat loss of the pile body as much as possible, the temperature and the microbial biomass of the pile body are further increased, and the moisture generated by the internal pile body is discharged as much as possible by continuous air draft dehumidification.
In addition, the biological drying equipment and the aerobic decomposition fermentation equipment both have mature equipment forms in the prior art, and only need to meet the basic structure required by the invention. The basic structure of the biological drying equipment comprises a closed bin body with a feed port and a discharge port, and stirring equipment, aeration equipment and air draft dehumidification equipment which are positioned in the closed bin body, wherein the stirring mode of the stirring equipment is that the materials are fully mixed and stirred; the basic structure of the aerobic decomposition fermentation equipment comprises a closed bin body with a feeding port and a discharging port, and stirring equipment, aeration equipment and air draft dehumidification equipment which are positioned in the closed bin body, wherein the stirring mode of the stirring equipment is not full mixing stirring of materials, but the materials are turned and piled layer by layer from the outlet end to the inlet end, so that the materials move gradually from the inlet end to the outlet end in a layer-by-layer mode of translation. The stack turning device for realizing the layer-by-layer translation can be realized by any equipment capable of turning materials, a recommended mode in the invention is that a chain plate type stack turning mechanism capable of obliquely extending into a stack body is adopted, and the inclined direction of a chain plate faces to an outlet end, so that the chain plate can be gradually conveyed to the rear part after being inserted into the stack body, but only can be used for conveying the materials at the periphery of a conveying belt, therefore, the whole stack body still has layering along the axial direction, and the materials with larger feeding time intervals cannot be mixed.
Therefore, the method carries out the composting treatment of the perishable garbage in the reaction equipment with limited volume, couples the biological drying technology to the aerobic composting process, rapidly amplifies the aerobic microbial biomass, rapidly heats and dehydrates, activates organic matter degradation and prolongs the high-temperature fermentation time by regulating the temperature and humidity oxygen environment in the aerobic reaction system, thereby realizing the high-efficiency rapid decomposition of the perishable garbage. The process fully exerts the linkage effect of 'ventilation aeration-mechanical stirring-water vapor extraction' of the system, can realize the treatment target without the supplement of an exogenous microbial inoculum, and is a novel perishable garbage biological drying and decay-promoting technology.
In order to further show the advantages of the perishable garbage biological strengthening decomposition promoting treatment process without the microbial inoculum, the perishable garbage biological strengthening decomposition promoting treatment process is applied to a specific example to show the technical effects of the perishable garbage biological strengthening decomposition promoting treatment process.
Examples
The biological drying and decomposition-promoting integrated pilot plant with the daily treatment capacity of 1000-2000 kg is adopted to treat perishable garbage biologically dried and decomposition-promoting at a certain perishable garbage treatment station at room temperature (20 ℃), the integrated pilot plant comprises biological drying equipment and decomposition fermentation equipment, the biological drying equipment comprises a heat-insulating closed bin body with a feed inlet and a discharge outlet, a stirrer capable of mixing materials completely is arranged in the closed bin body, an aeration pipeline is laid at the bottom of the closed bin body, and air draft dehumidification equipment is arranged at the top of the closed bin body. The discharge port of the biological drying equipment is directly butted with the feed port at the front end of the decomposing fermentation equipment. The rotten fermentation equipment comprises a heat-preservation closed bin body with a feeding and discharging port, an aeration pipeline is laid at the bottom of the closed bin body, an air draft dehumidification device is arranged at the top of the closed bin body, and a chain plate type pile turning mechanism which obliquely stretches into the pile body is arranged in the closed bin body. Feeding the biological drying equipment on the same day, discharging after 24 hours, and adopting a continuous feeding and discharging operation mode in the decomposed fermentation equipment.
In this embodiment, the specific perishable garbage biological strengthening decomposition promoting treatment process comprises the following steps:
(1) The garbage collecting and transporting vehicle pours the collected and transported perishable garbage into a perishable garbage collecting pool, and transfers the perishable garbage to a pretreatment system after removing glass, plastic, fabric, metal products and large hard-degradable sundries through manual sorting.
(2) In a pretreatment system, performing pretreatment on perishable garbage, including impurity removal, crushing and dehydration of the perishable garbage, and determining the water content of the pretreated perishable garbage to be 70.52-75.23% by adopting a quartering method and the particle size to be less than 3cm. Pre-emptying biological drying equipment, taking 300.00-350.00 kg of pretreated perishable garbage and adding auxiliary materials accounting for 10 percent of the total weight of the garbageAnd (3) uniformly mixing the corncobs to form a material to be treated, and transferring the material to a fully-mixed biological drying device. The amount of microorganisms in the material to be treated was determined to be about 10 5 CFU/g。
(3) The biological drying equipment starts to start a built-in stirrer, external equipment connected with an aeration pipeline and an air draft dehumidifying device after finishing filling of a material to be treated, and operates according to a set intermittent operation mode, wherein the specific operation conditions of the intermittent operation mode are as follows: the method is characterized in that 1 hour is taken as an intermittent period, aeration and air draft dehumidification are carried out for 15 minutes in a linkage mode, aeration and air draft dehumidification are carried out during the linkage operation, meanwhile, full mixing stirring is carried out for 10 minutes after the aeration is started, and the full mixing stirring, the aeration and the air draft dehumidification are not carried out for the remaining 45 minutes in the intermittent period. After 24 hours, the biological drying is finished, the water content of the material is reduced to 52.47 to 58.13 percent, the temperature of the material is raised to 57.00 ℃ at most, the discharging temperature is maintained between 39.35 to 43.95 ℃, and the total number of discharged microorganisms reaches 3.58 multiplied by 10 7 ～6.15×10 7 CFU/g, transferring the material to a layer-by-layer rapid decomposition system.
(4) And (3) directly transferring the material to be treated after the biological drying in the biological drying equipment from the discharge port to a closed heat-insulating decomposition fermentation equipment for aerobic decomposition fermentation, wherein the inside of the decomposition fermentation equipment operates according to a continuous feeding and discharging mode. The newly transferred material to be treated is piled at the inlet end of the decomposing fermentation equipment and is not completely mixed with the existing material in the decomposing fermentation equipment, but is hierarchical. In the aerobic decomposition fermentation process, the external equipment and the air draft dehumidification equipment which are connected with the pile turning device, the stirrer and the aeration pipeline in the decomposition fermentation equipment run according to a preset hierarchical running mode, and the specific operating conditions are as follows: in the fermentation process, air draft and dehumidification are carried out in the whole process, and meanwhile, all materials to be treated are turned and aerated intermittently, wherein the aeration frequency is 20 minutes/hour, and the turning frequency is 1 time/day. And in the pile turning process, the pile turning device gradually moves forwards from the outlet end to the inlet end of the decomposing fermentation equipment, and turns the materials in the forward moving process backwards layer by layer, for the obliquely inserted belt type conveying mechanism, the materials positioned in front of the bottom of the belt can be obliquely and upwards conveyed by rotating the conveying belt, and fall down after reaching the surface of the pile body, so that the layered pile turning of the materials is completed, the feeding materials at different times are enabled to be horizontally moved from the inlet end to the outlet end under the condition of maintaining the layering, and the old materials are discharged from the outlet end while a feeding space is reserved for new materials at the inlet end.
In addition, the height of the material pile maintained in the decomposing and fermenting equipment is 0.62 +/-0.05 m. Under the above operation mode, the temperature of the materials is kept above 55 ℃ in the whole process. The retention time of the materials in the decomposed fermentation equipment is 7 days, indexes of the decomposed fertilizer obtained after 7 days are measured, and the germination index of the plant seeds is found to be 91.58-112.08%, the water content is 18.93-22.77%, the pH is 7.77-8.07, and relevant indexes all meet the standard requirements of organic fertilizer (NY/T525-2021).
Meanwhile, in order to show the core improvement effects of the two aspects of the invention in a comparative way, two groups of comparative tests are provided in the embodiment, wherein the difference of the first group of comparative tests with respect to the process of the embodiment is that the biological drying equipment continuously performs aeration and ventilation and air draft dehumidification for 24 hours, and the rest of the tests are consistent with the embodiment; the difference between the second set of comparative tests and the aforementioned process of this embodiment is that instead of using a layer-by-layer mode of operation in the decomposing fermentation apparatus, the new dried material is mixed with the existing material. Finally, in the first set of comparative experiments, the temperature of the material in the biological drying equipment cannot rise due to continuous aeration and ventilation, and is maintained at about 25-28 ℃, and the microbial biomass of the dried material is not higher than 10 6 CFU/g, and water content of about 56.34%. In the second group of comparative experiments, as the new and old materials in the decomposed fermentation equipment are fully mixed, the full fermentation and decomposition of the compost materials cannot be ensured, the germination index of the final plant seeds is about 65.22 percent, and the related indexes do not meet the standard requirements of organic fertilizers (NY/T525-2021).
Therefore, the biological drying and decomposition-promoting treatment process can be used for quickly converting perishable garbage into decomposed organic fertilizers, so that the use of a large amount of microbial agents is avoided, the resource and economic waste is greatly reduced, and the problems of poor dehydration effect, long fertilizer forming period, low decomposition degree and the like in the process of fertilizing perishable garbage are effectively solved.
The present invention includes but is not limited to the embodiment, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, other substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and modifications, equivalents and the like made within the spirit and principle of the invention shall be included within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. A biological drying and decomposition-promoting treatment process for perishable garbage added with a sterile agent is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, pretreating perishable garbage until the moisture content is 70-75% and the particle size is less than 3cm, mixing the perishable garbage with auxiliary materials, transferring the mixture into a closed heat-preservation biological drying device to serve as a material to be treated, and not adding a microbial inoculum additionally;
s2, starting biological drying after the biological drying equipment finishes filling of the materials to be treated, and intermittently carrying out full-mixing stirring, aeration and air draft dehumidification on all the materials to be treated in the biological drying process, wherein the aeration and the air draft dehumidification are carried out for 10 to 20 minutes in a linkage manner in each intermittent period, the full-mixing stirring is synchronously carried out for 8 to 10 minutes in the aeration process, and the full-mixing stirring, the aeration and the air draft dehumidification are not carried out for the rest 40 to 50 minutes; biological drying is completed within 22 to 24 hours, so that the number of the original microorganisms of the perishable garbage is increased to 10 7 The temperature is raised to be higher than 50 ℃ when the CFU/g is higher than the g, and the water content of the material is reduced to be 55-60%;
s3, completely transferring the material to be treated after the biological drying in the biological drying equipment is finished to a closed heat-preservation decomposition fermentation equipment for aerobic decomposition fermentation in a heat preservation mode, adopting a continuous feeding and discharging operation mode in the decomposition fermentation equipment, and piling the newly transferred material to be treated at the inlet end of the decomposition fermentation equipment to be incompletely mixed with the existing material in the decomposition fermentation equipment; in the aerobic maturity fermentation process, air draft dehumidification is carried out in the whole process, and meanwhile pile turning and aeration are carried out on all the materials to be treated intermittently, wherein the aeration frequency is 10 to 30 minutes/hour, and the pile turning frequency is 1 to 2 times/day, so that the temperature of the internal materials is kept at 50 to 70 ℃; in the pile turning process, the pile turning device gradually moves forwards from the outlet end to the inlet end of the decomposing fermentation equipment, and turns the materials in the forward moving process backwards layer by layer, so that the materials fed at different times are horizontally moved from the inlet end to the outlet end under the condition of keeping layering, and a feeding space is reserved at the inlet end for new materials while the old materials are discharged from the outlet end; the retention time of the material to be treated in the decomposing fermentation equipment is kept for 5 to 8 days, and finally, a decomposed organic fertilizer with the plant seed germination index of more than 70 percent and the water content of less than 30 percent is obtained from an outlet end;
in the process of turning the materials layer by layer backwards by the turning device, the single-layer turning range of the turning device is required to cover the transverse span of the stack body of the inner bin of the decomposing fermentation equipment.
2. A process for the biological drying and decomposition-promoting treatment of perishable waste with the addition of a sterile agent as set forth in claim 1, wherein the perishable waste is waste from a kitchen or kitchen waste subjected to waste classification.
3. A process for the biological drying and accelerated decomposition treatment of perishable waste with added sterile agent as set forth in claim 1, wherein the pre-treatment of perishable waste includes purification, decontamination and crushing dehydration.
4. A perishable waste bio-drying and decomposition-promoting treatment process added with a sterile agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the auxiliary materials are straw, corncob, sawdust, bran coat and vinasse, and the addition amount is 10-15% of the total weight of the waste.
5. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the perishable waste is biologically dried by a biological drying device and then placed in a fermenting device for aerobic fermentation.
6. A biological drying and decomposition-promoting treatment process for perishable garbage added with an aseptic agent according to claim 1, wherein the material pile height in the decomposition fermentation equipment is controlled within 0.5-0.8 m.
7. A process for the biologically-drying and ripening treatment of perishable waste with an added sterile agent as set forth in claim 1, wherein the turning device employs a chain plate type turning mechanism capable of obliquely extending into the stack.
8. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bio-drying apparatus and the decomposing fermenting apparatus are operated at a room temperature below 5 ℃ under auxiliary heating to maintain the temperature of the inner material.
9. A process as claimed in claim 8, wherein the auxiliary heating is carried out using a heating plate operating at a temperature not higher than 60 ℃.
CN202111514016.0A 2021-12-13 2021-12-13 Biological drying and decomposition-promoting treatment process for perishable garbage added with sterile agent Active CN114195562B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202111514016.0A CN114195562B (en) 2021-12-13 2021-12-13 Biological drying and decomposition-promoting treatment process for perishable garbage added with sterile agent

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202111514016.0A CN114195562B (en) 2021-12-13 2021-12-13 Biological drying and decomposition-promoting treatment process for perishable garbage added with sterile agent

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN114195562A CN114195562A (en) 2022-03-18
CN114195562B true CN114195562B (en) 2022-10-18

Family

ID=80652688

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202111514016.0A Active CN114195562B (en) 2021-12-13 2021-12-13 Biological drying and decomposition-promoting treatment process for perishable garbage added with sterile agent

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN114195562B (en)

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106040725B (en) * 2016-08-03 2018-08-21 大连理工大学 A kind of processing method of house refuse hot wind coupled biological desiccation
CN108393337A (en) * 2018-05-03 2018-08-14 北京京海创能科技有限公司 A kind of on-site processing equipment and method of perishable rubbish
CN111875425A (en) * 2020-06-17 2020-11-03 上海仁创环境科技有限公司 Treatment method and device for combining solar sludge drying with sludge composting
CN111842409A (en) * 2020-06-24 2020-10-30 中农新科(苏州)有机循环研究院有限公司 Method for carrying out synergistic biological drying by utilizing auxiliary materials and return materials
CN112010683A (en) * 2020-08-18 2020-12-01 中农新科(苏州)有机循环研究院有限公司 Rapid biological drying-aerobic fermentation treatment method for organic solid waste
CN112521187A (en) * 2020-12-18 2021-03-19 安徽国祯环卫科技有限公司 Method for rapidly composting and decomposing kitchen waste

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN114195562A (en) 2022-03-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN105110834B (en) A kind of organic solid waste compost device of double-deck material circulating ventilation and the method that compost is carried out using the device
CA2161005A1 (en) Device and process for composting and wet fermentation of biological waste
CN104744090A (en) Method and device for preparing novel ecological culture medium from municipal waste
US3761237A (en) Process for converting organic waste to humus
CN102515886B (en) Process for producing biological bacterial fertilizer by taking domestic sewage plant dewatered sludge as raw material
CN103664255A (en) Organic waste facultative aerobic fermentation composting treatment process
CN112010683A (en) Rapid biological drying-aerobic fermentation treatment method for organic solid waste
CN111592393A (en) Method for rural multi-source organic waste composting
KR20060111419A (en) Method and apparatus for recycling of organic wastes and wastes
WO2006084943A1 (en) Method for treating biomass
CN219752189U (en) Aerobic composting room
CN112209752A (en) Negative pressure aerobic fermentation process for preparing fertilizer from organic waste
CN114195562B (en) Biological drying and decomposition-promoting treatment process for perishable garbage added with sterile agent
JP3706097B2 (en) Organic waste fermentation treatment system
CN115650781B (en) Device and process for treating perishable garbage by biological drying and decomposition promotion
KR100958035B1 (en) Method for producing raw material of fertilizer or feed by recycling organic waste
CN114350500B (en) Membrane-covered aerobic fermentation circulating device and circulating method
CN105503301A (en) Solid waste aerobic composting and biological drying method
CN112898063B (en) Straw waste fermentation reactor combination and fermentation method
KR101976009B1 (en) Composition for treating solid organic wastes, treatment method of solid organic waste using thereof and compost manufactured by the same
JP2000506828A (en) Method and plant for utilizing organic waste and new biogas plant
CN115160081A (en) Composting method suitable for low-temperature environment
CN101830741A (en) Closed-type aerobic composting method for sludge
CN206244677U (en) A kind of organic solid waste is dried, Composting device
AU2020103751A4 (en) Device for treatment of organic waste

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant