CN112209752A - Negative pressure aerobic fermentation process for preparing fertilizer from organic waste - Google Patents
Negative pressure aerobic fermentation process for preparing fertilizer from organic waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN112209752A CN112209752A CN202010967221.1A CN202010967221A CN112209752A CN 112209752 A CN112209752 A CN 112209752A CN 202010967221 A CN202010967221 A CN 202010967221A CN 112209752 A CN112209752 A CN 112209752A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/80—Separation, elimination or disposal of harmful substances during the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a negative-pressure aerobic fermentation fertilizer preparation process of organic wastes, wherein in a negative-pressure production workshop, a fermentation material obtained by fully mixing organic wastes, auxiliary materials and a compound microbial fermentation inoculant is conveyed into a fermentation tank provided with a negative-pressure oxygenation pipeline through a conveying belt, water vapor and odor generated by fermentation are pumped away, oxygen-containing air above the fermentation tank is sucked into the fermentation material, a turner turns and throws the fermentation material in the fermentation tank once a day, the tail end material is thrown and conveyed to a discharge belt to be conveyed out, and the fermentation material is changed into rotten clinker with the water content of below 30 percent and the temperature of a material pile is reduced to below 45 ℃ through the treatment of a fermentation period; the decomposed materials are transported to a decomposition workshop through a conveyor belt to be aged and decomposed to be used as organic fertilizer raw materials. The process provides a good solution for the bottleneck and pain point of the organic waste composting fermentation and product resource utilization process, and has good popularization value and wide market prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fertilizer production, and particularly relates to a process for preparing organic fertilizer by fermenting organic wastes.
Background
In recent years, with the progress of urbanization and the advance of agricultural science and technology, a large amount of organic wastes (municipal sludge, livestock wastes, straws, etc.) generated in agriculture, industrial production, residential life, etc. need to be properly utilized. Most of the conventional methods such as composting, burning, landfill and the like are adopted, wherein the burning and landfill treatment cost is high, the occupied area is large, resources are not recycled, and the common composting process has the bottleneck problems of long treatment period, uneven fermentation, difficulty in centralized collection and treatment of odor, high water content after fermentation, poor workshop environmental sanitation, high energy consumption and the like, so that the sustainable development of the organic waste composting fermentation industry is severely restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an organic waste negative fermentation fertilizer preparation process which can effectively control odor pollution and continuously operate with high efficiency, high quality, low energy consumption and the whole process.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a negative pressure aerobic fermentation fertilizer preparation process for organic wastes comprises the steps of conveying the organic wastes, auxiliary materials and a compound microbial fermentation inoculant to a mixer through a bin in a negative pressure production workshop, and conveying the fully mixed fermentation materials into a fermentation tank provided with a negative pressure oxygenation pipeline through a conveying belt; in the fermentation process, water vapor and odor generated by fermentation are pumped away, meanwhile, oxygen-containing air above the fermentation tank is sucked into the fermentation material, and the odor and the water vapor pumped out by the negative pressure fan are treated by a deodorization system; the turner turns and throws the fermentation material in the fermentation tank towards the discharging direction once every day, throws the material at the tail end to a discharging belt to be conveyed out, the fermentation material is changed into decomposed rotten clinker with the water content of below 30 percent through the treatment of a fermentation period of 14 to 21 days, and the temperature of a material pile is reduced to below 45 ℃ for 20 to 30 days; the decomposed material is transported to a decomposing workshop through a conveying belt to be aged and decomposed to be used as an organic fertilizer raw material, and the organic fertilizer raw material is further subjected to deep processing to obtain an organic fertilizer finished product.
Preferably, the negative pressure fan is linked with the deodorization system, odor sucked under negative pressure directly enters the deodorization system to be treated and then is discharged up to the standard, and oxygen-containing air in a workshop enters the material pile under the caused negative pressure, so that oxygen is provided for aerobic fermentation.
Preferably, the material is moved for four meters towards the discharging end while the turner is turned, the endmost material falls into a discharging belt and is conveyed to a decomposing workshop, and the turner is moved among the fermentation tanks through the translation vehicle.
Preferably, the fermentation period is adjusted by adjusting the back throwing distance of the materials and the material pile height during turning.
Preferably, the deep processing step comprises crushing, screening, proportioning, granulating, drying, cooling and packaging.
Preferably, the deodorization system is spray combined biological filtration or activated carbon adsorption or photocatalysis.
Preferably, the size of the fermentation tank is 3-4 m in width, 1.8-2.5 m in height and 56-84 m in length.
Preferably, the turner throws the fermentation material toward the discharging direction for 3-4 m in the turning process.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the organic waste to the auxiliary materials to the composite microbial fermentation inoculant is (0.6-0.8) to (0.2-0.4): (0.01-0.03).
Preferably, the auxiliary materials are one or a mixture of a plurality of corncobs, straws, mushroom residues, furfural residues, rice hulls, peanut shells and the like.
By implementing the technical scheme of the invention, the relation among the production efficiency, the fermentation effect, the environmental control, the fertilizer production standard and the process energy consumption is well balanced, the influence of the working environment in a workshop and the environment outside the workshop is also well controlled, the intensive spatial arrangement design concentrates the energy consumption on the key link influencing the fermentation effect, the repeated energy consumption and the excessive energy consumption are avoided, the economic benefit is better, the processing difficulty and the energy consumption of the subsequent deep processing fertilizer production are greatly reduced, the further deep processing into various organic fertilizer products with different purposes and grades is facilitated, a good solution is provided for the bottleneck and pain points of the organic waste composting fermentation and product resource utilization process, and the popularization value and the wide market prospect are good.
The negative pressure suction type fermentation tank has the advantages that the fermentation tank can be divided into different oxygen supply subareas along the length direction of the fermentation tank, the air volume and the air pressure parameters of the fan are configured according to different stages of material fermentation, frequency conversion control is combined, more accurate oxygen supply and ventilation are realized, meanwhile, secondary collection of odor and water vapor which are overflowed to a workshop in a positive pressure oxygen supply mode and have high ventilation volume but low efficiency is avoided, the environment control effect is better, good environment control is realized while oxygen supply is realized, and the energy consumption is lower; a small amount of gas overflowing to the workshop during turning is collected through a single collecting pipeline arranged in the workshop, so that the relative air quantity is small, and the purposes of efficient collection and energy saving to the maximum extent are achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a negative pressure aerobic fermentation fertilizer preparation process for organic waste.
FIG. 2 is a layout of a fermentation plant.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that the description of the embodiments is provided to help understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
As shown in fig. 1, the process of the organic waste negative pressure aerobic fermentation fertilizer preparation process comprises the following steps:
1. raw materials are supplied and prepared. Three raw material bins, namely an organic waste material bin, an auxiliary material bin, a backflow bin and a set of microbial inoculum adding equipment, are arranged in the raw material supply and preparation workshop. During production, index requirements of water content, carbon-nitrogen ratio and porosity are comprehensively considered, and organic wastes (municipal sludge, livestock wastes, biogas residues and the like), auxiliary materials (straws, seed shells, leftover materials, wood chips and the like), fermentation materials and microbial agents are conveyed to a material mixing system through a material conveying belt according to a certain proportion by adjusting discharge spiral parameters of a bin.
The mass ratio of the organic waste to the auxiliary materials to the microbial agent is (0.6-0.8) to (0.2-0.4): (0.01-0.03).
The added microbial agent is a facultative composite fermentation microbial agent which is subjected to unique domestication culture, the microbial agent simultaneously contains various aerobic, facultative and anaerobic strains to form a symbiotic flora which coexists and is honored, the strains play unique effects under different conditions, and can domesticate heterosis and stimulate a probiotic function, so that the microbial agent has stronger vitality and symbiosis.
The facultative composite bacterial agent has the main advantages that: the fermentation speed is higher, the efficiency is higher, the temperature rise process can reach more than 55 ℃ within 48 hours generally, and the days for the high temperature (more than 55 ℃) to last can reach 7-10 days; extracellular Polymeric Substance (EPS) can be fully broken, and the water content of the treated material is less than or equal to 30 percent; can obviously reduce the generation and release of non-condensable gases (such as NH3, H2S and other organic odors) in the composting process; the degradation rate of persistent organic pollutants (such as flocculating agent and the like) can reach more than 80 percent; the metabolic complexation and adsorption of the flora can passivate heavy metals in the material and reduce toxic hazards; the nutrient components in the materials are reserved to the maximum extent, and the resource utilization of the compost finished product is promoted; can effectively reduce energy consumption and the dosage of auxiliary materials.
The strain of facultative composite bacterial preparation contains photosynthetic bacteria 0.5X 108Lactic acid bacteria 0.8 × 10/g8Yeast 1.5 × 10 per gram8One/g, actinomycete 1.0X 108Each gram of mould is 1.0 multiplied by 108One per gram.
2. And (5) mixing materials and distributing. Select suitable blendor according to the physicochemical property of auxiliary material, the operation is stable at present, the compounding effect is better for horizontal blendor, and after the material that the ratio is good got into the blendor through defeated material belt, through the extrusion stirring, the material composition obtains intensive mixing, and moisture and pore space distribute evenly, and how the material mixes the effect and will directly influence subsequent compost fermentation quality. The material after the abundant mixing sends into the cloth system through defeated material belt, and the cloth machine 1 of cloth system can carry out translation and flexible operation, through gate and translation telescoping device joint control, can carry out the cloth to a plurality of fermentation tanks, and cloth volume and cloth width can be set for the regulation.
3. And (5) fermenting. As shown in fig. 2, the fermentation workshop adopts tank fermentation, the temperature and ventilation conditions of the tank fermentation can be better controlled, the product stability is good, pathogenic bacteria can be more effectively killed, and odor can be better controlled by combining negative pressure ventilation; because the condition is better controlled, the fermentation time is relatively short and can be controlled to be finished in 14 days; the materials are mixed and homogenized by the turner 4, and the height of the materials in the fermentation tank 3 is higher, so that the occupied area is relatively small compared with that of the stack fermentation. The length of a single tank body is designed to be 56 meters, the width of the single tank body is designed to be 3 meters, and the height of the single tank body is designed to be 2.5 meters, and the pile height of the fermented materials is comprehensively determined by factors such as the porosity, the water content and the single tank treatment capacity of the materials.
The turning and throwing operation of the materials is completed by a rear chain throwing plate type turning and throwing machine 4, the chain plate type turning and throwing machine has two functions of turning and throwing and discharging, the turning and throwing machine turns and throws the materials from a tank tail (a discharging end) to a tank head (a feeding end), the materials move to the discharging end, the fermentation product closest to the tank tail falls onto a discharging belt 6 located on the side of the tank tail, automatic discharging is completed, the materials in the tank are pushed for four meters in the discharging direction after turning and throwing are completed each time, the discharging and turning and throwing operation of a plurality of fermentation tanks can be realized by combining a translation vehicle 5, and full-automatic unmanned operation is realized by a linkage control device.
The ventilation and oxygen supply of the fermentation tank are realized by adopting a negative pressure suction mode, the air guide tank 2 is distributed at the bottom of the fermentation tank in different areas and is communicated with a negative pressure fan, when the negative pressure fan works, air above the fermentation tank is sucked into the fermentation pile body, the oxygen content of the pile body is improved, and simultaneously odor and water vapor generated by fermentation in the pile body are pumped out and conveyed into a deodorization system at the top of a workshop through a pipeline. Because the negative pressure suction makes the whole air pressure in the fermentation workshop lower than that outside the workshop, the odor can be prevented from overflowing to the outside of the workshop to cause environmental pollution, and the high-efficiency collection and the environmental protection and energy conservation are realized to the utmost extent.
The odor generated in the fermentation process is treated by a deodorization system, the deodorization system mainly comprises an odor collecting pipeline and odor treatment equipment, and the odor collecting pipeline consists of a negative pressure suction pipeline at the bottom of the fermentation tank and an odor collecting pipeline above the fermentation tank; the odor treatment equipment mainly adopts the technical scheme of spraying deodorization and a biological filter. Aiming at the conditions of high ammonia and water vapor content, high gas temperature and complex components generated by compost fermentation, firstly, ammonia and other components which are easy to dissolve in water are absorbed through a spraying treatment facility, meanwhile, the gas temperature is reduced, most of water vapor is condensed, and the residual organic and inorganic odor is absorbed and decomposed through a biological filter, and finally, the emission reaches the standard.
Oxygen in the fermentation workshop is responsible for the supply by the new trend system, ensures the oxygen supply of fermentation process, and also the effectual atmospheric pressure that has kept in the workshop is balanced simultaneously, and the air outlet mainly distributes and overhauls, patrols and examines the platform at personnel, can provide comparatively safe manual operation environment.
4. And (4) decomposing. Fermentation products fermented for 14 days in the fermentation workshop are conveyed through discharging and are transferred to a static after-decomposition workshop, organic substances in the fermentation products are fully degraded after being aged and decomposed for more than 20 days, the content of humus and effective trace elements is increased, the pH value tends to be neutral, and the fermentation products fully subjected to after-decomposition can be used as good organic fertilizer raw materials.
5. And (5) preparing a fertilizer. The fermented product which is completely decomposed is subjected to deep processing procedures such as crushing, screening, proportioning, granulating and packaging to prepare various organic fertilizer products aiming at different client groups, wherein the various organic fertilizer products comprise organic fertilizer raw materials, powder organic fertilizers, granular organic fertilizers, bio-organic fertilizers, organic-inorganic compound fertilizers, various special fertilizers for cash crops and the like, and meanwhile, full-automatic production of the organic fertilizers can be realized by equipping full-automatic packaging equipment and full-automatic stacking equipment, so that the production efficiency is higher, and the product quality is more stable.
The organic waste negative pressure aerobic fermentation fertilizer production process adopts a full-automatic control system in the whole process, the full-automatic control system can carry out visual real-time monitoring and remote setting control on all links of composting and fertilizer production, the control means mainly comprises time control, position control, start-stop control and the like, and the mechanical equipment completes unmanned operation management of composting and fertilizer production through the automatic control system on the premise of safety and reliability.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and the scope of protection is still within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A negative pressure aerobic fermentation fertilizer preparation process for organic wastes is characterized by comprising the following steps: in a negative pressure production workshop, conveying organic wastes, auxiliary materials and a compound microbial fermentation inoculant to a mixer through a bin, and conveying the fully mixed fermentation materials into a fermentation tank provided with a negative pressure oxygenation pipeline through a conveying belt; in the fermentation process, water vapor and odor generated by fermentation are pumped away, meanwhile, oxygen-containing air above the fermentation tank is sucked into the fermentation material, and the odor and the water vapor pumped out by the negative pressure fan are treated by a deodorization system; the turner turns and throws the fermentation material in the fermentation tank towards the discharging direction once every day, throws the material at the tail end to a discharging belt to be conveyed out, the fermentation material is changed into decomposed rotten clinker with the water content of below 30 percent through the treatment of a fermentation period of 14 to 21 days, and the temperature of a material pile is reduced to below 45 ℃ for 20 to 30 days; the decomposed material is transported to a decomposing workshop through a conveying belt to be aged and decomposed to be used as an organic fertilizer raw material, and the organic fertilizer raw material is further subjected to deep processing to obtain an organic fertilizer finished product.
2. The negative-pressure aerobic fermentation fertilizer preparation process of organic waste as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the negative pressure fan is linked with the deodorization system, odor sucked by negative pressure directly enters the deodorization system to be treated and then is discharged up to the standard, and oxygen-containing air in a workshop enters the material pile by the negative pressure caused by the negative pressure, so that oxygen is provided for aerobic fermentation.
3. The negative-pressure aerobic fermentation fertilizer preparation process of organic waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the material is moved four meters toward the discharge end while the turner is turned, the endmost material falls into a discharge belt and is conveyed to a rotten workshop, and the turner is moved among a plurality of fermentation tanks through a translation vehicle.
4. The negative-pressure aerobic fermentation fertilizer preparation process of organic waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: and the fermentation period is adjusted by adjusting the back throwing distance of the materials and the material pile height during turning.
5. The negative-pressure aerobic fermentation fertilizer preparation process of organic waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the deep processing steps comprise crushing, screening, proportioning, granulating, drying, cooling and packaging.
6. The negative-pressure aerobic fermentation fertilizer preparation process of organic waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the deodorization system is spray combined biological filtration or activated carbon adsorption or photocatalysis.
7. The negative-pressure aerobic fermentation fertilizer preparation process of organic waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the size of the fermentation tank is 3-4 meters in width, 1.8-2.5 meters in height and 56-84 meters in length.
8. The negative-pressure aerobic fermentation fertilizer preparation process of organic waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: and the turner throws the fermented material for 3-4 meters towards the discharging direction in the turning and throwing process.
9. The negative-pressure aerobic fermentation fertilizer preparation process of organic waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the mass ratio of the organic waste to the auxiliary materials to the compound microbial fermentation inoculant is (0.6-0.8) to (0.2-0.4): (0.01-0.03).
10. The negative-pressure aerobic fermentation fertilizer preparation process of organic waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the auxiliary materials are one or a mixture of a plurality of corncobs, straws, mushroom residues, furfural residues, rice hulls, peanut shells and the like.
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| CN202010967221.1A CN112209752A (en) | 2020-09-15 | 2020-09-15 | Negative pressure aerobic fermentation process for preparing fertilizer from organic waste |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114085104A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-02-25 | 淮安柴米河农业科技股份有限公司 | Unpowered aerobic fermentation method for solid waste biomass container |
| CN115403414A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-11-29 | 天津市农业科学院 | Resourceful treatment system and method for agricultural wastes |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN204509140U (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2015-07-29 | 无锡国联环保科技有限公司 | Continous way thin layer sludge aerobic compost equipment |
| CN110577421A (en) * | 2019-09-07 | 2019-12-17 | 山东鲁抗中和环保科技有限公司 | Method for composting bacterial residues |
-
2020
- 2020-09-15 CN CN202010967221.1A patent/CN112209752A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN204509140U (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2015-07-29 | 无锡国联环保科技有限公司 | Continous way thin layer sludge aerobic compost equipment |
| CN110577421A (en) * | 2019-09-07 | 2019-12-17 | 山东鲁抗中和环保科技有限公司 | Method for composting bacterial residues |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114085104A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-02-25 | 淮安柴米河农业科技股份有限公司 | Unpowered aerobic fermentation method for solid waste biomass container |
| CN115403414A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-11-29 | 天津市农业科学院 | Resourceful treatment system and method for agricultural wastes |
| CN115403414B (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2023-09-22 | 天津市农业科学院 | System and method for recycling agricultural waste |
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Application publication date: 20210112 |