CN112209760A - Method and structure for coating film to adjust air holes - Google Patents

Method and structure for coating film to adjust air holes Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112209760A
CN112209760A CN202011394758.XA CN202011394758A CN112209760A CN 112209760 A CN112209760 A CN 112209760A CN 202011394758 A CN202011394758 A CN 202011394758A CN 112209760 A CN112209760 A CN 112209760A
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China
Prior art keywords
air holes
film
water vapor
film covering
slide bar
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CN202011394758.XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
金保生
王中洲
韩萍
刘太记
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Henan Ivfan Weilan Biotechnology Co ltd
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Henan Ivfan Weilan Biotechnology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202011394758.XA priority Critical patent/CN112209760A/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/964Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
    • C05F17/971Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material
    • C05F17/979Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material the other material being gaseous
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a structure for regulating pores by covering a film, wherein 2-3 days before compost is piled on a cloth, the pile is in a temperature rising stage, the oxygen consumption of material fermentation is low, the generation amount of whole water vapor is not high, a slide bar is manually pulled from the other end of a film covering body until the pores of the slide bar and the pores on the film covering body are staggered into a closed pore state, the whole pile enters a quasi-high temperature or high temperature stage due to the difference of the north and south air temperatures and the half-staggered half-pore state of the oxygen consumption of the material fermentation and the generation amount of the whole water vapor, the small pores on the slide bar, the small pores on the film covering body and the triple pores on a tabletting pore, when the pile is fermented for 3 days, the produced large amount of water vapor and water vapor clusters need to be discharged, and the pores on the slide bar, the small pores on the film covering body and the. The technical proposal is that a plurality of rows of adjustable exhaust devices are arranged on the film, the exhaust adjustment is simple and easy to operate, the amount of the exhausted water vapor is properly adjustable, and the problem of odor release is effectively controlled.

Description

Method and structure for coating film to adjust air holes
Technical Field
The invention relates to compost film covering fermentation, which is particularly suitable for film covering and air exhaust in the compost fermentation process.
Background
The core mechanism is that a film-coated nano-scale microporous structure is utilized to play a certain role in preserving the temperature of the pile and reducing and controlling the overflow of odor macromolecules. Because the structure of the film is a nano-scale micropore, the film also severely restricts the evaporation and drying speed of the material water, when the temperature difference is large in winter, the surface layer of the compost body can generate a mud phenomenon, and the water is an important index of the compost quality. At present, in order to reach the fermentation dehydration effect, middle and later stages need lift the tectorial membrane corner along the heap body compartment and carry out artifical exhaust, see from actual conditions because the exhaust size masters the difficulty, and it is too big too early to exhaust, can influence the fermentation quality, and the too late undersize of exhausting has often prolonged the fermentation cycle, has increased the energy consumption, has reduced the place utilization ratio.
From the research of aerobic fermentation mechanism and process, we think that: the fermentation is the result of the metabolism of microorganisms on the mineralization and decomposition process of organic matters in the materials and the conversion and synthesis of humus, and generally, the higher the mineralization and decomposition rate of the organic matters in the materials is, the higher the metabolic synthesis rate of the humus is, the higher the fermentation quality of the compost is. In the high-temperature fermentation stage, a large amount of organic matters are decomposed by microorganisms to release a large amount of biological heat energy, and the stack body gradually goes through the temperature rising period, the high-temperature period and the temperature lowering period of the fermentation stack body from the heat accumulation and temperature rise at normal temperature. The fermented material not only carries a large amount of moisture, but also can generate some structural moisture when organic matters are decomposed, the moisture in the pile material is heated to a certain temperature and can be converted into water vapor, and the water vapor is diffused out of the pile along with aeration airflow, so that the fermentation, dehydration and drying are called. Because the pile body is covered by the membrane, the space under the membrane is extremely limited, the air vapor under the membrane is saturated quickly, the air vapor can be condensed into a liquid water membrane on the inner wall of the membrane again, the membrane covering utilizes the micropores of the membrane to permeate micromolecule gas, the membrane micropores are blocked by the condensed water on the inner wall of the membrane, the original basic air can be greatly reduced by the micropore gas amount, the total area of the normally ventilated membrane covering micropores is obviously reduced, the vapor diffusion speed is seriously blocked during the temperature rising and the high temperature of the pile body, so that the surface material of the pile body absorbs a large amount of recondensed water to increase the water content, the aeration quantity under the membrane is also forcibly reduced, the whole aerobic high-temperature fermentation process is influenced, the fermentation period is.
In the existing film covering, the film covering is to slowly exhaust by utilizing the microporous structure of the film covering, the film is covered on the surface of a stack body, the periphery of the film covering is tightly pressed to prevent hot gas from leaking, the film covering is used for enclosing and blocking the temperature of the stack body to slowly diffuse, and the total exhaust volume of the film covering micropores is reduced because the micropores are blocked by backwater formed by condensation of an inner film, so that a low-power fan is generally used for slowly ventilating and aerating (some of the film covering also has a heating function) compost. The core function of the common film coating process technology is that firstly, the stack body is subjected to heat preservation and temperature rise, and secondly, part of macromolecular odor is intercepted. Along with the high temperature period, the steam amount of the stack body is increased sharply, the water vapor saturation of the air under the film is high, and usually, only the film at the periphery of the stack body is lifted at intervals, and a method of manually discharging the discharged steam is adopted. The disadvantages are that: because the exhaust size is difficult to master, the fermentation quality is affected by too early exhaust, the fermentation period is prolonged by too late exhaust, the energy consumption is increased, and the cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a compost covering film with an adjustable exhaust hole structure and a using method, wherein the compost covering film is simple and convenient in exhaust adjustment, easy to operate and moderate and adjustable in the speed of discharging water vapor.
The task of the invention is achieved in that: the sliding strip structure comprises a film, sliding strips and pressing sheets, wherein small air holes which are arranged are processed on a body of the film, the pressing sheets are correspondingly installed on the small air holes, the pressing sheet air holes are processed on the pressing sheets, each pressing sheet penetrates through the sliding strip to form a whole sliding strip which can be pulled, and the air holes are processed on the sliding strip.
The small pores are uniformly distributed on the film covering body in a row arrangement, and the pore size and the shape of the small pores are processed according to the needs.
The distance between the air holes processed on the sliding strip is the same as that of the air holes processed on the pressing sheet, the sliding strip can be pulled at intervals along the two sides of the film, the sliding displacement of the sliding strip can obtain the required open holes, half holes and closed holes, and the quantity of the pulled sliding strip is selected to determine the quantity of the discharged steam.
2-3 days before the compost is piled and distributed, the compost is in the early stage of mineralization and decomposition, microorganisms preliminarily form a biological membrane on the surface of organic waste materials, a large amount of volatile organic compounds are controlled and decomposed, odorous substances on the surface layer are basically eliminated, the compost is in the temperature rising stage, the oxygen consumption of material fermentation is low, the generation amount of whole water vapor is not high, a slide bar is manually pulled from the other end of a film covering body, the dislocation between the air holes of the slide bar and the air holes on the film covering body is in a closed hole state, due to the difference of the north and south air temperatures, according to the temperature rising condition and the generation amount of the material fermentation oxygen consumption and the whole water vapor, the slide bar is manually pulled from the other end of the film covering body in a small size, the half-dislocation half-hole state between the air holes pulled on the slide bar and the small air holes and the pressing sheet air holes on the film is met the requirement of the, the oxygen content of the microorganisms is greatly increased, a large amount of generated water vapor and water vapor clusters need to be discharged, a sliding strip is manually pulled to one end of the film covering body, and the air holes in the sliding strip, the small air holes in the film covering body and the pore diameters of the pressing sheet air holes in the pressing sheet are concentric to form an open pore state, so that the water vapor discharging speed and the discharging amount are accelerated.
The invention has the following effects: according to the technical scheme, the multi-row adjustable exhaust devices are arranged on the film, so that the condition that the pile body needs to be provided with holes, half holes or closed holes can be determined according to the actual situation on site, a plurality of rows of film air holes can be adjusted, and the film air holes can be adjusted completely.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention in an open state; FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention in a half-hole state; fig. 3 is a schematic view of a closed cell state structure.
Description of the drawings: 1. and (3) covering a film, 2, sliding strips, 3, small air holes, 4, tabletting, 5, air holes, 6 and tabletting air holes.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The specific embodiment is as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, the compost film covering adjustment air hole structure comprises a film covering 1, a slide bar 2 and a pressing piece 4, wherein small air holes 3 are formed in the body of the film covering in a row, the pressing piece 4 is correspondingly installed on each air hole, the pressing piece 4 is provided with a pressing piece air hole 6, each pressing piece penetrates through the slide bar to form a whole slide bar capable of being pulled, the slide bar is provided with an air hole 5, the slide bar and the slide bar are too long, the friction force can cause unsmooth pulling, the length of the slide bar can be flexibly and conveniently pulled is taken as the standard, the installation direction of the exhaust device can be adjusted according to the specification and size of the film covering, and the exhaust device can be installed longitudinally, transversely or.
The small pores are uniformly distributed on the film covering body in a row arrangement, and the pore size and the shape of the small pores are processed according to the needs.
The small air holes 3, the air holes 5 and the tablet air holes 6 are round holes, long holes, square holes, elliptical holes, triangular holes, rhombus holes, polygonal holes or other shapes.
The distance of the air holes 5 processed on the sliding strip is the same as that of the air holes of the pressing sheet on the pressing sheet, the sliding strip can be pulled at intervals along the two sides of the covering film, the sliding displacement of the sliding strip can be adjusted to obtain required open holes, half holes and closed holes, and the amount of the drainage steam can be adjusted by selecting the number of the pulled sliding strips.
The slide bar is manually pulled to one end of the film covering body, and the pore diameters of the pore on the slide bar, the small pore 4 on the film covering body and the pore diameter of the three pores of the pore 5 on the pressing sheet are concentric, namely, the pore-opening state is shown in figure 1.
The slide bar 2 is pulled manually from the other end of the film covering body until the air holes of the slide bar are staggered with the air holes 5 on the film covering body, namely, the closed hole state is formed, as shown in figure 3.
The slide bar is manually pulled from the other end of the film covering body in a small size, and the air holes pulled on the slide bar are half-staggered with the small air holes and the pressing sheet air holes on the film covering, namely in a half-hole state, as shown in fig. 2.
2-3 days before the compost is piled and distributed, the compost is in the early stage of mineralization and decomposition, microorganisms preliminarily form a biological membrane on the surface of organic waste materials, a large amount of volatile organic compounds are controlled and decomposed, odorous substances on the surface layer are basically eliminated, the compost is in the temperature rising stage, the oxygen consumption of material fermentation is low, the generation amount of whole water vapor is not high, a slide bar is manually pulled from the other end of a film covering body, the dislocation between the air holes of the slide bar and the air holes on the film covering body is in a closed hole state, due to the difference of the north and south air temperatures, according to the temperature rising condition and the generation amount of the material fermentation oxygen consumption and the whole water vapor, the slide bar is manually pulled from the other end of the film covering body in a small size, the half-dislocation half-hole state between the air holes pulled on the slide bar and the small air holes and the pressing sheet air holes on the film is met the requirement of the, the oxygen content of the microorganisms is greatly increased, a large amount of generated water vapor and water vapor clusters need to be discharged, a sliding strip is manually pulled to one end of the film covering body, and the air holes in the sliding strip, the small air holes in the film covering body and the pore diameters of the pressing sheet air holes in the pressing sheet are concentric to form an open pore state, so that the water vapor discharging speed and the discharging amount are accelerated. Is beneficial to high-temperature fermentation and decomposition, is beneficial to dehydration and drying inside the compost, and reduces the adverse effect of the condensed water on the inner wall of the membrane on the steam discharged by the compost.
The operation method of the film covering technology comprises the following steps:
on the basis of an adjustable film covering structure, the ventilation aeration mode and technical parameters are technically optimized, a ventilation aeration method is adopted according to the rule of the heap fermentation stage, the total capacity of heap ventilation aeration equipment is increased, oxygen supply type low air volume aeration parameters are adopted in the temperature rise period, and ventilation temperature control and ventilation dehydration high air volume aeration parameters suitable for deep fermentation are adopted in the high temperature period. Because the exhaust capacity is increased by the adjustable film, under the condition of keeping the temperature of the pile, the power of the fan and the ventilation of the pile are increased, on one hand, sufficient oxygen is provided for the interior of the pile, the oxygen consumption requirement of the vigorous metabolic state of microorganisms is met, and the requirement condition is provided for rapid composting fermentation, on the other hand, the ventilation and the exhaust are increased by the high-power fan, high-temperature water vapor in the pile is timely blown out and discharged out of the film, the reabsorption backwater of the condensate water by the surface layer of the pile is greatly reduced, the composting fermentation and dehydration drying are accelerated, and meanwhile, the heat inhibition effect on the microorganisms due to overhigh temperature of the pile in a high-temperature period is favorably controlled, so that the pile keeps the optimal metabolic state of high temperature and high oxygen, and the compost with qualified. Tests prove that the same degree of decomposition and dehydration rate are achieved, the composting period can be shortened to 13-17 days on average from the original 21-30 days, and the treatment capacity of the film covering process can be obviously improved by the technical method.
On the premise of not influencing the stack heat preservation and controlling odor, the exhaust area of the film-covered micropores can be enlarged by opening the holes, especially the discharge speed of large-molecule water vapor clusters of the stack is accelerated in a proper amount, the hole blocking effect and the hole blocking time of the condensed water on the inner wall of the film are reduced, the stack fermentation water vapor emission amount in unit time is improved, the water vapor saturation of the air below the film is reduced, the dehydration time of the stack material in the high-temperature fermentation period is shortened, the adverse effects of the film covering on the water vapor and waste gas discharge blockage are reduced to the maximum extent while the temperature and odor are controlled, the fermentation state inside the stack is coordinated to be more vigorous, the material rotten state is the best, and the fermentation.
In the present invention, unless otherwise specifically stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like are to be construed broadly and can include, for example, fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections and can be communications between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those skilled in the art.

Claims (4)

1. The utility model provides a structure of gas pocket is adjusted to tectorial membrane which characterized in that: the sliding strip structure comprises a film, sliding strips and pressing sheets, wherein small air holes which are arranged are processed on a body of the film, the pressing sheets are correspondingly installed on the small air holes, the pressing sheet air holes are processed on the pressing sheets, each pressing sheet penetrates through the sliding strip to form a whole sliding strip which can be pulled, and the air holes are processed on the sliding strip.
2. The structure of claim 1, wherein: the small pores are uniformly distributed on the film covering body in a row arrangement, and the pore size and the shape of the small pores are processed according to the needs.
3. The structure of claim 1, wherein: the distance between the air holes processed on the sliding strip is the same as that of the air holes processed on the pressing sheet, the sliding strip can be pulled at intervals along the two sides of the film, the sliding displacement of the sliding strip can obtain the required open holes, half holes and closed holes, and the quantity of the pulled sliding strip is selected to determine the quantity of the discharged steam.
4. A method for coating a membrane to adjust pores is characterized in that: 2-3 days before the compost is piled and distributed, the compost is in the early stage of mineralization and decomposition, microorganisms preliminarily form a biological membrane on the surface of organic waste materials, a large amount of volatile organic compounds are controlled and decomposed, odorous substances on the surface layer are basically eliminated, the compost is in the temperature rising stage, the oxygen consumption of material fermentation is low, the generation amount of whole water vapor is not high, a slide bar is manually pulled from the other end of a film covering body, the dislocation between the air holes of the slide bar and the air holes on the film covering body is in a closed hole state, due to the difference of the north and south air temperatures, according to the temperature rising condition and the generation amount of the material fermentation oxygen consumption and the whole water vapor, the slide bar is manually pulled from the other end of the film covering body in a small size, the half-dislocation half-hole state between the air holes pulled on the slide bar and the small air holes and the pressing sheet air holes on the film is met the requirement of the, the oxygen content of the microorganisms is greatly increased, a large amount of generated water vapor and water vapor clusters need to be discharged, a sliding strip is manually pulled to one end of the film covering body, and the air holes in the sliding strip, the small air holes in the film covering body and the pore diameters of the pressing sheet air holes in the pressing sheet are concentric to form an open pore state, so that the water vapor discharging speed and the discharging amount are accelerated.
CN202011394758.XA 2020-12-03 2020-12-03 Method and structure for coating film to adjust air holes Pending CN112209760A (en)

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Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ATA233582A (en) * 1982-06-17 1983-10-15 Voest Alpine Ag PERFORATED PLATE, IN PARTICULAR TO RECEIVE COMPOSTING GOODS TO BE VENTILATED
JP2000109142A (en) * 1998-10-08 2000-04-18 Meiwa Packs:Kk Packaging container having automatic pressure adjustment function
CN1557783A (en) * 2004-02-04 2004-12-29 同济大学 High-temperature composting process for waste by the forced combination with natural ventilation
DE202010009634U1 (en) * 2010-06-17 2010-09-30 Wilhelm Schauerte Gmbh & Co. Kg Automatic ventilation machine with membrane as modular system 2
CN101913925A (en) * 2010-08-11 2010-12-15 中国科学院过程工程研究所 Solid fermented compost device capable of being continuously operated and compost process
CN103449849A (en) * 2013-09-18 2013-12-18 屈晓林 Kitchen garbage composting device and composting method thereof
CN203737694U (en) * 2013-12-19 2014-07-30 北京七星华创电子股份有限公司 Exhaust adjustment device
CN105859349A (en) * 2016-06-08 2016-08-17 蔡永辉 Aerating, collecting and exhausting combining system in solid-state-composting aerobic fermentation and application thereof
CN111574267A (en) * 2020-05-19 2020-08-25 青岛中海环境工程有限公司 Intelligence tectorial membrane compost fermenting installation
CN211972167U (en) * 2019-11-27 2020-11-20 四川绿盼环保科技有限公司 Fermentation breathing membrane
CN213537765U (en) * 2020-12-03 2021-06-25 河南逸凡蔚岚生物科技有限公司 Adjustable pore structure on compost tectorial membrane

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ATA233582A (en) * 1982-06-17 1983-10-15 Voest Alpine Ag PERFORATED PLATE, IN PARTICULAR TO RECEIVE COMPOSTING GOODS TO BE VENTILATED
JP2000109142A (en) * 1998-10-08 2000-04-18 Meiwa Packs:Kk Packaging container having automatic pressure adjustment function
CN1557783A (en) * 2004-02-04 2004-12-29 同济大学 High-temperature composting process for waste by the forced combination with natural ventilation
DE202010009634U1 (en) * 2010-06-17 2010-09-30 Wilhelm Schauerte Gmbh & Co. Kg Automatic ventilation machine with membrane as modular system 2
CN101913925A (en) * 2010-08-11 2010-12-15 中国科学院过程工程研究所 Solid fermented compost device capable of being continuously operated and compost process
CN103449849A (en) * 2013-09-18 2013-12-18 屈晓林 Kitchen garbage composting device and composting method thereof
CN203737694U (en) * 2013-12-19 2014-07-30 北京七星华创电子股份有限公司 Exhaust adjustment device
CN105859349A (en) * 2016-06-08 2016-08-17 蔡永辉 Aerating, collecting and exhausting combining system in solid-state-composting aerobic fermentation and application thereof
CN211972167U (en) * 2019-11-27 2020-11-20 四川绿盼环保科技有限公司 Fermentation breathing membrane
CN111574267A (en) * 2020-05-19 2020-08-25 青岛中海环境工程有限公司 Intelligence tectorial membrane compost fermenting installation
CN213537765U (en) * 2020-12-03 2021-06-25 河南逸凡蔚岚生物科技有限公司 Adjustable pore structure on compost tectorial membrane

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