CN109553259B - Manure composting facility suitable for medium and small scale farms - Google Patents
Manure composting facility suitable for medium and small scale farms Download PDFInfo
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- CN109553259B CN109553259B CN201811465422.0A CN201811465422A CN109553259B CN 109553259 B CN109553259 B CN 109553259B CN 201811465422 A CN201811465422 A CN 201811465422A CN 109553259 B CN109553259 B CN 109553259B
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- aeration
- liquid collecting
- inclined ground
- fermentation tank
- collecting channel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
- B01D53/0407—Constructional details of adsorbing systems
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/102—Carbon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/20—Organic adsorbents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a manure composting facility suitable for medium and small-scale farms. The manure composting facility provided by the invention comprises a fermentation tank, an odor ventilating and adsorbing system, an aeration system, a drainage system and a film-covered accumulated temperature system. The fermentation tank is formed by surrounding a herringbone inclined ground by porous walls on four sides; the aeration system comprises a main aeration pipe, a plurality of branch aeration pipes and an aeration fan which are paved on the herringbone inclined ground; the drainage system comprises a liquid collecting channel and a liquid collecting channel water seepage cover; the liquid collecting channels are positioned on two sides of the bottom edge of the herringbone inclined ground; the liquid collecting channel is covered by the liquid collecting channel seepage cover; the film-covered accumulated temperature system covers the fermentation tank and comprises a light-permeable plastic film and a support frame; the light-permeable plastic film covers the support frame. This manure compost facility is rational in infrastructure, ventilate unobstructed, drainage treatment preferred, and the accumulated temperature is respond well, the composting efficiency is higher, is applicable to medium and small-scale plant.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizer fermentation equipment, and particularly relates to a manure composting facility suitable for medium and small-scale farms.
Background
The composting fermentation mode of the organic fertilizer generally comprises three modes of strip-shaped compost, a compost reactor and static aeration compost, the strip-shaped compost manufacturing method is simple, the investment is small, but the fermentation time is long; the composting reactor has the advantages of short composting treatment time, high efficiency and the like, but the composting reactor is complex in structure, large in investment and high in production cost, and is difficult to popularize and use in a large area, the static aeration composting combines the advantages of the strip pile and the composting reactor, the investment and fermentation time is uniform between the two, the static aeration composting reactor has very high popularization value, and the existing main problems of the static aeration composting are as follows: 1. the structure of the aeration pipeline is unreasonable, and the oxygen content in the compost is easy to be insufficient. 2. The surface ventilation effect of the pile body is poor, a large amount of water vapor and other volatile gases generated by the pile body cannot be effectively discharged, the water content on the surface of the pile body is too high, the fermentation is not thorough, and odor generated by the pile body is directly discharged into the air to pollute the environment. 3. The water content is continuously settled along with the fermentation of the compost in the composting process, and the water content at the bottom of the compost can not be effectively discharged, so that the aerobic fermentation can not be carried out due to excessive moisture content at the bottom of the compost. 4. The temperature on the surface of the pile body is greatly influenced by the room temperature, and the temperature accumulation effect is not good. The problems existing in the prior art not only prolong the fermentation time, but also influence the fertilizer efficiency and quality of the organic fertilizer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a manure composting facility suitable for medium and small-scale farms.
The manure composting facility provided by the invention comprises a fermentation tank, an odor ventilating and adsorbing system, an aeration system, a drainage system and a film-covered accumulated temperature system;
the fermentation tank is formed by surrounding an inclined ground by four porous walls;
the odor ventilation system comprises the porous wall body, a biomass adsorption material and an exhaust fan; the biomass adsorption material is embedded in the inner side of the porous wall body; the exhaust fan can exhaust air to the outside of the porous wall body;
the aeration system comprises a main aeration pipe, a plurality of branch aeration pipes and an aeration fan which are paved on the inclined ground;
the main aeration pipe is laid at the highest position of the inclined ground, and an air inlet connected with the aeration fan is arranged at the end connected with the wall body;
the branch aeration pipes are parallel to each other, laid on the inclined plane of the inclined ground, and one end of each branch aeration pipe is connected with the main aeration pipe while the other end of each branch aeration pipe is sealed; a plurality of vent holes are uniformly distributed on the branch aeration pipe;
the drainage system comprises a liquid collecting channel and a liquid collecting channel water seepage cover; the liquid collecting channels are positioned on two sides of the bottom edge of the inclined ground; the liquid collecting channel is covered by the liquid collecting channel seepage cover;
the film-covered accumulated temperature system covers the fermentation tank and comprises a light-permeable plastic film and a support frame; the light-permeable plastic film covers the support frame.
In the manure composting facility, the porous wall body is internally and externally uniformly provided with vent holes. The vent hole can ensure the removal effect of water vapor and volatile gas; the porous wall can absorb a large amount of water vapor and volatile gas.
The exhaust fan is embedded on the outer side of the porous wall body;
the biomass adsorption material is selected from at least one of biochar, straw and wood chips; specifically, the weight ratio of 1: 1: 1, a mixture consisting of biochar, straw and wood chips; more particularly a mixture consisting of biochar, straw and wood chips in equal mass ratio. The straw can be pulverized straw. The biomass adsorbing material has a good adsorbing effect on moisture and volatile gas.
The main aeration pipe is provided with throttle valves distributed uniformly in sections. The throttle valve can be selectively closed according to the size of the stack body, and the waste of air volume is reduced.
The branch aeration pipes are parallel to the ground and are semi-embedded in the ground. The part exposed out of the ground can play a good role in guiding the compost exudates.
The aeration fan is used for aerating the stack in the aeration system and meets the requirement of aerobic fermentation on oxygen;
the inclined ground is a herringbone inclined ground; the inclination angle of the inclined ground is 5 degrees.
The inclination of the cement ground can well guide the stack percolate into the liquid collecting channel 7.
The liquid collecting channel water seepage cover is uniformly provided with water seepage ports, so that solid-liquid separation can be realized.
The application of the manure composting facility in composting and the method for composting by using the manure composting facility also belong to the protection scope of the invention.
Wherein the method for composting by using the manure composting facility comprises the following steps: placing compost raw materials in the fermentation tank for fermentation;
opening a valve of the main aeration pipe when air is required to be supplied;
and when the gas concentration in the fermentation tank is too high, the exhaust fan is turned on.
More specifically, the method for composting by using the manure composting facility comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of firstly placing organic fertilizer compost raw materials prepared according to a certain proportion in a fermentation tank, enabling the organic fertilizer compost raw materials to be naturally fermented, continuously supplementing oxygen (continuously supplementing air in practice) to the compost raw materials in the fermentation process to enable the compost raw materials to be completely decomposed due to the fact that the fermentation process belongs to aerobic fermentation, opening a valve of a main aeration pipe when the air is required to be supplemented, and conveying the air to the interior of the compost raw materials through a branch aeration pipe, so that the air inflow in the interior of the compost raw materials is sufficient, and the compost raw materials can be fully fermented. The compost in-process heap body moisture constantly subsides to in gathering the canal along slope cement ground, open the exhaust fan when the heap body produces vapor and volatile gaseous concentration too high, with vapor and volatile gaseous through filling the porous pipe wall body that has adsorbable material, adsorbable a large amount of vapor and volatile gaseous.
The manure composting facility provided by the invention has the advantages of reasonable structure, smooth ventilation, better drainage treatment, good accumulated temperature effect and higher composting efficiency, and is suitable for medium and small-scale farms.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a manure composting facility suitable for medium and small-scale farms according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic axial view of a manure composting facility suitable for medium and small scale farms according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic axial view of a manure composting facility suitable for medium and small scale farms according to the present invention.
Description of the labeling:
in the figure: 1. the system comprises a fermentation tank, 2. a biomass adsorption material, 3. an exhaust fan, 4. a light-permeable plastic film, 5. a main aeration pipe, 6. a porous wall body, 7. a liquid collecting channel, 8 cement ground, 9. a liquid collecting channel water seepage cover, 10. branch aeration pipes, 11. a support frame and 12 aeration fans.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples. The method is a conventional method unless otherwise specified. The starting materials are commercially available from the open literature unless otherwise specified. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example 1
The manure composting facility suitable for medium and small-scale farms, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, comprises a fermentation tank 1, an odor ventilating and adsorbing system, an aeration system, a drainage system and a film-covered accumulated temperature system;
the fermentation tank 1 is positioned in the greenhouse, and the fermentation tank 1 is formed by surrounding a herringbone inclined ground 8 by porous walls on four sides; is the main site for composting;
the odor ventilation system comprises a porous wall body 6, a biomass adsorption material 2 and an exhaust fan 3; the biomass adsorption material 2 is positioned on the inner side of the porous wall body 6, and the exhaust fan 3 is embedded on the outer side of the porous wall body 6 and can exhaust air to the outside of the porous wall body; starting the exhaust fan 3 in the composting process, and sucking out the gas in the greenhouse by the suction force generated by the exhaust fan 3; the harmless emission to the air is achieved through the adsorption of the porous wall 6 and the biomass adsorption material 2; the biomass adsorbing material 2 is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 1: 1: 1, a mixture consisting of biochar, straw and wood chips;
the aeration system comprises a main aeration pipe 5, a plurality of branch aeration pipes 10 and an aeration fan 12 which are laid on the herringbone inclined ground; the main aeration pipe 5 is laid at the highest position of the herringbone inclined ground 8, and an air inlet connected with the aeration fan 12 is arranged at the end connected with the wall body; the main aeration pipe 5 is fixedly connected with a plurality of branch aeration pipes 10 inclined along the ground along the length direction, one end of each branch aeration pipe is connected with the main aeration pipe, and the other end of each branch aeration pipe is sealed; a plurality of vent holes are uniformly distributed on the branch aeration pipe 10;
the throttle valves are uniformly distributed on the main aeration pipe 5 in sections, so that the throttle valves can be selectively closed according to the size of the pile body, and the waste of air volume is reduced.
The branch aeration pipes 10 are parallel to the ground and are half-embedded in the cement ground, and the part exposed out of the ground can play a good role in guiding compost exudates.
The drainage system comprises a liquid collecting channel 7 and a water seepage cover 9 of the liquid collecting channel; the liquid collecting channel 7 is positioned on two sides of the bottom edge of the herringbone inclined ground 8, the liquid collecting channel water seepage cover 9 covers the liquid collecting channel 7 and is positioned at the level of the lowest position of the upper part of the liquid collecting channel 7 and the herringbone inclined ground 8, a large amount of penetrating liquid generated in the composting process is gathered into the liquid collecting tank 7 along the herringbone inclined ground 8, and the liquid collecting tank water seepage cover 9 can separate composting solid raw materials from the penetrating liquid.
The film-covered accumulated temperature system covers the fermentation tank and comprises a light-permeable plastic film 4 and a support frame 11, wherein the light-permeable plastic film 4 is positioned on the upper part 11 of the support frame and covers the support frame 11; the support frame 11 is positioned at the upper part of the whole greenhouse, and the poplar can pass through the light-transmitting covering film 4 and shine into the greenhouse in the composting process, so that the positive effects on the evaporation of water vapor, the decomposition of odor and the accumulated temperature of the stack are achieved.
When the manure compost facility is used, firstly, organic fertilizer compost raw materials prepared according to a certain proportion are placed in a fermentation tank to be naturally fermented, and the fermentation process belongs to aerobic fermentation, so that the compost raw materials can be completely decomposed only by continuously supplementing oxygen (practically, continuously supplementing air) into the compost raw materials in the fermentation process, and when the air is required to be supplemented, a main aeration pipe valve is opened, and the compost raw materials are conveyed to the interior of the compost raw materials through a branch aeration pipe 10, so that the air inflow in the compost raw materials is sufficient, and the compost raw materials can be fully fermented. The compost in-process heap body moisture constantly subsides to in gathering the canal 7 along slope cement ground collection, when the heap body steam and volatile gas concentration are too high, open exhaust fan 3, with steam and volatile gas through the porous wall 6 that is filled with adsorbable material 2, adsorbable a large amount of steam and volatile gas.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that are within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A manure composting facility comprises a fermentation tank, an odor ventilating and adsorbing system, an aeration system, a drainage system and a film-covered accumulated temperature system;
the fermentation tank is formed by surrounding an inclined ground by four porous walls;
the odor ventilation system comprises the porous wall body, a biomass adsorption material and an exhaust fan; the biomass adsorption material is embedded in the inner side of the porous wall body; the exhaust fan can exhaust air to the outside of the porous wall body;
the aeration system comprises a main aeration pipe, a plurality of branch aeration pipes and an aeration fan which are paved on the inclined ground;
the main aeration pipe is laid at the highest position of the inclined ground, and an air inlet connected with the aeration fan is arranged at the end connected with the wall body;
the branch aeration pipes are parallel to each other, laid on the inclined plane of the inclined ground, and one end of each branch aeration pipe is connected with the main aeration pipe while the other end of each branch aeration pipe is sealed; a plurality of vent holes are uniformly distributed on the branch aeration pipe;
the main aeration pipe is provided with throttle valves uniformly and sectionally;
the branch aeration pipes are parallel to the ground and are semi-embedded in the ground;
the drainage system comprises a liquid collecting channel and a liquid collecting channel water seepage cover; the liquid collecting channels are positioned on two sides of the bottom edge of the inclined ground; the liquid collecting channel is covered by the liquid collecting channel seepage cover;
the film-covered accumulated temperature system covers the fermentation tank and comprises a light-permeable plastic film and a support frame; the light-permeable plastic film covers the support frame;
the inclined ground is a herringbone inclined ground;
the inclination angle of the inclined ground is 5 degrees.
2. A manure composting facility as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that: vent holes are uniformly arranged inside and outside the porous wall body;
the exhaust fan is embedded in the outer side of the porous wall body.
3. A manure composting facility as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that: the biomass adsorption material is selected from at least one of biochar, straw and wood chips.
4. A manure composting facility as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that: and the water seepage cover of the liquid collection channel is uniformly provided with water seepage ports.
5. Use of a manure composting facility as claimed in any of claims 1-4 in composting.
6. A method of composting using the manure composting facility of any of claims 1-4 comprising: placing compost raw materials in the fermentation tank for fermentation;
opening a valve of the main aeration pipe when air is required to be supplied;
and when the gas concentration in the fermentation tank is too high, the exhaust fan is turned on.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811465422.0A CN109553259B (en) | 2018-12-03 | 2018-12-03 | Manure composting facility suitable for medium and small scale farms |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811465422.0A CN109553259B (en) | 2018-12-03 | 2018-12-03 | Manure composting facility suitable for medium and small scale farms |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN109553259A CN109553259A (en) | 2019-04-02 |
| CN109553259B true CN109553259B (en) | 2021-10-08 |
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Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004123460A (en) * | 2002-10-03 | 2004-04-22 | Nippon Sharyo Seizo Kaisha Ltd | Composting and drying apparatus and composting and drying method |
| CN201268668Y (en) * | 2008-09-05 | 2009-07-08 | 苏州市环境工程有限责任公司 | Sludge aerobic static state composting apparatus |
| CN101913925B (en) * | 2010-08-11 | 2012-11-28 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Solid fermented compost device capable of being continuously operated and compost process |
| CN102180719A (en) * | 2010-12-08 | 2011-09-14 | 中国农业大学 | Decomposition device for treating rural domestic waste composting waste gas with biomass |
| CN105859349A (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-08-17 | 蔡永辉 | Aerating, collecting and exhausting combining system in solid-state-composting aerobic fermentation and application thereof |
| CN207435333U (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2018-06-01 | 天津绿之本生物科技有限公司 | A kind of organic fertilizer fermenting apparatus |
| CN207491578U (en) * | 2017-10-01 | 2018-06-15 | 连云港市动物卫生监督所 | A kind of weather proof straw ensiling cellar for storing things |
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